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The Cambridge Companion to Age of Constantine.Pdf
The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine offers students a com- prehensive one-volume introduction to this pivotal emperor and his times. Richly illustrated and designed as a readable survey accessible to all audiences, it also achieves a level of scholarly sophistication and a freshness of interpretation that will be welcomed by the experts. The volume is divided into five sections that examine political history, reli- gion, social and economic history, art, and foreign relations during the reign of Constantine, a ruler who gains in importance because he steered the Roman Empire on a course parallel with his own personal develop- ment. Each chapter examines the intimate interplay between emperor and empire and between a powerful personality and his world. Collec- tively, the chapters show how both were mutually affected in ways that shaped the world of late antiquity and even affect our own world today. Noel Lenski is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A specialist in the history of late antiquity, he is the author of numerous articles on military, political, cultural, and social history and the monograph Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century ad. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S Edited by Noel Lenski University of Colorado Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521818384 c Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication is in copyright. -
"Genetic Heterogeneity Between Berbers and Arabs" In
Genetic Heterogeneity Advanced article Article Contents between Berbers and • Introduction • Genetic Diversity in Berber and Arab Groups Arabs • Related Articles Lara R Arauna, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Online posting date: 15th September 2017 Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain David Comas, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain The human population history of North Africa ∼45 000 ya) (Smith et al., 2007). The Aterian is the first prehis- has been different from the rest of the conti- toric industry characterised in North Africa (Barton et al., 2009), nent, and it has been characterised by population which has been suggested to have started around 120 000 ya. replacements, extensive continuous gene flow, Although paradoxical, the Sahara desert has been reported to be a corridor for the movement of people during the ‘green Sahara’ and differential admixture from neighbouring periods thanks to its watercourses. The old dates of AMH remains regions. This complex demographic landscape has and the Sahara corridor leave many open questions about the role yielded a large degree of genetic heterogeneity of North Africa in the origin of modern humans and their disper- among North African populations. Recent histori- sal out of the continent. Different hypotheses have been proposed: cal admixture processes have been inferred from Was North Africa just a stop on the road out of Africa, or did it genome-wide data; no correlation between genet- play a more important role in the evolution of modern humans? ics and ethnic groups has been described, pointing No clear connections have been established between this first to a lack of genetic differentiation between Berber human industry and subsequent cultures in the region, such as the and Arab groups in North Africa. -
La Maison Kabyle Art Et Organisation Spatiale Et Conception (Cas Village AIT EL KAID)
وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ⴰⵖⵍⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴻⵍⵎⴻⴸ ⵓⵏⵏⵉⴴ ⴴ ⵓⵏⴰⴸⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⴰⵏ ⵝⴰⵙⴸⴰⵡⵉⵝ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵍⵓⴸ ⴰⵝ ⵎⵄⴻⵎⵎⴻⵕ ⵏ ⵝⵉⵣⵉ ⵓⵣⵣⵓ ⵝⴰⵣⴻⴷⴷⴰⵢⵝ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴻⴿⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴸ ⵝⵓⵝⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ جامعة مولود معمري - تيزي وزو UNIVERSITE MOULOUD MAMMERI DE TIZI OUZOU كلية اﻵداب واللغات FACULTE DES LETTRES ET DES LANGUES DEPARTEMENT LANGUE ET CULTURE AMAZIGHES N° d’Ordre : N° de série : Mémoire en vue de l’obtention Du diplôme de master II DOMAINE : Langue et culture amazighe FILIERE : Langue et culture amazighe SPECIALITE : Art et littérature amazighe « imaginaire » La maison kabyle art et organisation spatiale et conception (cas village AIT EL KAID) Présenté par : Encadré par : MEZIANI Fatma MESSAOUDI Zahwa Mme ACHILI Fadila Jury de soutenance : Président : Mme DAHMANI Samia Encadreur : Mme ACHILI Fadila Co-Encadreur : Mme HACID Farida Promotion : Octobre 2016 Laboratoire d’aménagement et d’enseignement de la langue amazighe Remerciements A l’issue de ce travail, nous voulons remercier toutes les personnes qui ont contribué de près ou de loin à la concrétisation de ce travail de recherche. En premier lieu, nous tenons à adresser nos remerciements à notre promotrice de ce mémoire, Madame ACHILI Fadila, pour son encadrement, sa rigueur, sa minutie et ses connaissances professionnelles polyvalentes dont on a tiré le plus grand profit. Nous adressons également nos remerciements à Madame DAHMANI Samia pour avoir accepté de présider le jury de cette soutenance et à Madame HACIDE Farida qui a bien voulu accepter d’examiner ce travail de recherche. Nous n’oublierons pas non plus de remercier Madame HAMADOUCHE Ourdia Présidente de l’association Trésor Touristique algérienne, qui nous fait déplacé au village Ait El Kaid et nous beaucoup encouragé. -
Formation Des Cités
FORMATION DES CITÉS CHEZ LES POPULATIONS SÉDENTAIRES DE L’ALGÉRIE (Kabyles du Djurdjura, Chaouïa de l’Arouas, Beni Mezâb) PAR E. MASQUERAY THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE A LA FACULTÉ DES LETTRES DE PARIS PARIS ERNEST LEROUX, ÉDITEUR 28, RUE BONAPARTE, 28 1886 Livre numérisé en mode texte par : Alain Spenatto. 1, rue du Puy Griou. 15000 AURILLAC. [email protected] ou [email protected] D’autres livres peuvent être consultés ou téléchargés sur le site : http://www.algerie-ancienne.com Ce site est consacré à l’histoire de l’Algérie. Il propose des livres anciens, (du 14e au 20e siècle), à télécharger gratuitement ou à lire sur place. INTRODUCTION « Africains » employé de préférence à « Berbers ». Invasions suc- cessives qui ont formé la population actuelle de l’Afrique septentrionale. Confusion des races. Point de vue d’où les mœurs actuelles des Africains veulent être considérées. Sédentaires et Nomades. Principaux groupes des sédentaires: Kabyles, Chaouïa, Beni Mezâb. C’est à dessein que j’ai substitué dans la suite de ce travail le nom général d’Africains à celui de Berbers qu’on applique d’ordinaire à toutes les populations de l’Afrique septentrionale regardées comme autochtones. Ce nom était inconnu dans l’antiquité grecque et romaine, et a paru pour la première fois chez les écrivains arabes. « Quand Sidi Oqbah fut parvenu près de Tanger, raconte En Noweiri(1), il demanda au comte Julien (Yulîan) où il pourrait trouver les chefs des Roum et des Berbers. « Les Roum, répondit Yulîan, tu les as laissés derrière toi, mais devant toi sont les Berbers et leur cavalerie ; Dieu seul en sait le nombre. -
The Two Mauretaniae: Their Romanization and The
THE TWO MAURETANIAE: THEIR ROMANIZATION AND THE IMPERIAL CULT by CLAUDIA GIRONI submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject ANCIENT HISTORY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR : PROF. U.R.D. VOGEL JOINT SUPERVISOR : DR M. KLEIJWEGT Date submitted November 1996 SUMMARY The 'Romanization' of the African provinces of Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis was in fact a two-way process of exchange between Roman and African elements which resulted in a uniquely Romano-African civilization. The imperial cult highlights issues common to all Romanization processes, such as ruler-subject interaction and the role of local initiative in bringing about change, as well as unique issues such as the impact of politics on emperor-worship. The success of the imperial cult was hampered by the fact that only a select few - notably the wealthy local elite - derived direct benefit from the process, and by the fact that, because the pre-Roman Mauretaniae had no established ruler-cults, the imperial cult failed to assimilate with local tradition. As a result, the cult was unable either to make a decisive impact on the Romanization of the Mauretanians, or to achieve any real religious unity among them. KEY TERMS Romanization; Imperial cult; North African history; Roman empire; Mauretania Tingitana; Mauretania Caesariensis; Mauri; Religious syncretism; Roman gods; Roman priests; African religion, ancient. DECLARATION I declare that "The two Mauretaniae : their Romanization and the imperial cult" is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. -
I BERBERI Elementi Di Storia, Lingua E Letteratura
Vermondo Brugnatelli I BERBERI Elementi di Storia, Lingua e Letteratura Appunti per la parte generale del corso di Lingue e Letterature dell’Africa 2005-2006 Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca © Vermondo Brugnatelli 2006 Foto in copertina: Un tipico disegno ornamentale tradizionale del Nordafrica (dettaglio da un antico portone ligneo - Marocco) 1. I BERBERI Su di un vasto territorio del Nordafrica compreso tra il Medi- terraneo e i margini meridionali del Sahara, tra i confini occiden- tali dell’Egitto e l’Oceano Atlantico, è tuttora diffusa quella lin- gua che prima i Greci e poi i Romani, quando colonizzarono l’Africa nell’antichità, definirono lingua dei “Barbari” (si sa che per i Greci erano baårbaroi “balbuzienti” tutti coloro che non parlavano il greco; analogamente i Romani chiamavano Barbari i popoli che non parlavano né latino né greco). Quando gli Arabi conquistarono il Nordafrica, nel VII secolo dopo Cristo, adotta- rono anch’essi il termine barbar per designare gli autoctoni (e barbarÈ!µyah la loro lingua), suggestionati, forse, dall’assonanza col vocabolo arabo barbarah “grida inintelligibili”.1 In età moderna, gli Europei hanno ripreso dall’arabo i termini “Berberi” per il popolo e “berbera” per la lingua (che il tramite sia l’arabo lo rivela la vocalizzazione diversa rispetto al Barbari latino: in arabo la a è di norma anteriore ed ha una pronuncia simile a [æ]; l’italiano, poi deve avere preso questi termini in tempi recenti dal francese: assai più antica è la denominazione Bàrberi per il po- polo e Barberia per il Maghreb). Quanto ai Berberi, sicuramente essi non chiamano se stessi “barbari”, né “barbara” la propria lingua (né amerebbero sentirsi così denominare). -
A History of Rome to 565 A. D. by Arthur Edward Romilly Boak
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of Rome to 565 A. D. by Arthur Edward Romilly Boak This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: A History of Rome to 565 A. D. Author: Arthur Edward Romilly Boak Release Date: May 31, 2010 [Ebook 32624] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF ROME TO 565 A. D.*** A HISTORY OF ROME TO 565 A. D. BY ARTHUR E. R. BOAK, Ph. D., Professor of Ancient History in the University of Michigan v New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1921 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT, 1921. By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published December, 1921. vii PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA [v] PREFACE This sketch of the History of Rome to 565 A. D. is primarily intended to meet the needs of introductory college courses in Roman History. However, it is hoped that it may also prove of service as a handbook for students of Roman life and literature in general. It is with the latter in mind that I have added the bibliographical note. Naturally, within the brief limits of such a text, it was impossible to defend the point of view adopted on disputed points or to take notice of divergent opinions. Therefore, to show the great debt which I owe to the work of others, and to provide those interested in particular problems with some guide to more detailed study, I have given a list of selected references, which express, I believe, the prevailing views of modern scholarship upon the various phases of Roman History. -
La Coda Del Pavone Elementi Di Storia, Lingue E Letterature Del Nordafrica
Vermondo Brugnatelli La coda del pavone Elementi di Storia, Lingue e Letterature del Nordafrica Appunti per la parte generale del corso di Lingue e Letterature del Nordafrica 2011-2012 Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Le cartine e le immagini che illustrano la presente dispensa sono reperibili on-line alla pagina: http://www.brugnatelli.net/vermondo/didattica/bicocca/immagini © Vermondo Brugnatelli 2012 Foto in copertina: Un pavone raffigurato in un mosaico di Qasr Libya (Cirenaica) di epoca bizantina. Prologo Si venne a parlare del Maghreb alla presenza del Principe dei Credenti, Ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al ʿUbaydī. Uno degli astanti prese la parola e disse: “Ci è stato tramandato che il mondo assomiglia ad un uccello: il Levante è il suo capo, lo Yemen è un’ala e la Siria un’altra ala, l’Iraq è il suo petto e il Maghreb è la sua coda.” Un magrebino che era tra i presenti gli disse: “È proprio vero: e l’uccello è un pavone!”. Il Sultano scoppiò in una risata, ben sapendo che la coda è ciò che vi è di meglio in un pavone. (Yaʿlâ 1996: 126, in Elmedlaoui 2008: 36) White Athena, ovvero: il vuoto epistemologico del Nordafrica. 1. African = Black? Black Athena, “Atena nera” è il titolo che nel 1987 Martin Bernal diede ad un libro, destinato a suscitare accesi dibattiti, in cui si proponeva di denunciare il mito eurocentrico della civiltà classica, facendo presente il grande debito che la civiltà occidentale ha nei confronti delle più antiche civiltà del Vicino Oriente antico, in particolare quelle dell'Egitto e della Mesopotamia. -
Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
JASON BLOCKLEY THE COLONATE IN AFRICA A LEGAL & ECONOMIC HISTORY OF COLONI IN LATE ANTIQUE AFRICA FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY 2021 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Colonate in Africa iii Acknowledgements I express my deepest and sincerest appreciation for the innumerable people who helped make this thesis a reality. Firstly, I must thank Mr John Whitehouse, whose inestimable generosity and confidence made this project possible. Earning a doctorate in ancient history became a personal ambition soon after beginning my undergraduate studies, and I cannot properly express how grateful I am that I was entrusted with this opportunity. John not only provided the means for me to pursue this project; his personal insights, advice, and his own scholarship were vital in establishing, growing, and ultimately completing this study. John offered a scholarship in the hopes of perpetuating his love of ancient North Africa and the scholarship thereof, and I am pleased to say he has succeeded. Secondly, I must express my sincere gratitude to Mr Jeffrey Hilton and Ms Suzanne Coleman, whose remarkable generosity and enduring love of ancient Rome afforded me the opportunity to live and study at the British School at Rome for six months. It was at the British School that this study matured, and I cannot imagine how this project would have turned out without my sojourn in Rome. Thirdly, I am incredibly thankful to Prof Richard Miles, and to Dr Jelle Stoop, my supervisors without whom this project would not be possible. -
1 Ties of Resistance and Cooperation. Aedemon, Lusius
1 Ties of Resistance and Cooperation. Aedemon, Lusius Quietus and the Baquates. Wouter Vanacker Universiteit Gent, Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium [email protected] Abstract Gaius’ decision to dissolve the protectorate of Mauretania and to depose its client king, Ptolemaeus, led to the outbreak of the Revolt of Aedemon (AD 40). This paper will develop a number of innovative thoughts and hypotheses concerning the extent of this rebellion and its possible impact on the deposition of Ptolemaeus, as well as the role of the Romans in its suppression. The main aim is to explore the connection between this revolt, Trajanus’ famous general Lusius Quietus (cos. AD 117?), and the Baquates, an indigenous Mauretanian tribe. I will suggest that Lusius Quietus was descended from a chief of a (semi-)nomadic tribe who supported the Roman cause during the Revolt of Aedemon. Considering the setting and dimension of this revolt, as well as the unrest in Mauretania at the time of Lusius Quietus’ execution by Hadrianus, I argue that this tribe can be identified as the Baquates. This reconstruction suggests a long-lasting and particularly positive relationship between this tribe and Rome. It allows for a further reconsideration of the relationship between (semi-)nomadic and Roman/sedentary groups in Roman North Africa, to the detriment of one-sided analytical schemes that stress endemic hostility. Keywords Aedemon, Lusius Quietus, Baquates, Mauretania, nomads, insurgence Body Text 1. Aedemon and the Inhabitants of Mauritania It has long been believed that the execution of Ptolemaeus in AD 40 had tremendous consequences in Mauretania.1) The ensuing uprising of Aedemon, a freedman of the client king, has been perceived as a widespread revolt. -
Encyclopédie Berbère, 9 | 1991 Bavares 2
Encyclopédie berbère 9 | 1991 9 | Baal – Ben Yasla Bavares (Babares – Baveres) G. Camps Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2552 DOI : 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2552 ISSN : 2262-7197 Éditeur Peeters Publishers Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 avril 1991 Pagination : 1394-1399 ISBN : 2-85744-509-1 ISSN : 1015-7344 Référence électronique G. Camps, « Bavares », Encyclopédie berbère [En ligne], 9 | 1991, document B48, mis en ligne le 01 mars 2013, consulté le 24 septembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2552 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2552 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 24 septembre 2020. © Tous droits réservés Bavares 1 Bavares (Babares – Baveres) G. Camps 1 Peuples de Maurétanie Césarienne qui nous sont connus par une série de textes et d’inscriptions des IIIe, IVe et Ve siècles et qui furent présentés par les uns comme des nomades, et par d’autres comme des montagnards sédentaires. 2 Les Bavares sont mentionnés pour la première fois dans une dédicace de Volubilis relatant une conférence entre un prolégat (Furius Celsus ?) et un « princeps gentis Bavarum et Baquatum ». Cette inscription date du règne d’Alexandre Sévère (222-235). Les Baquates* étant localisés dans l’est de la Maurétanie Tingitane, vraisemblablement dans la trouée de Taza et le Rif oriental, les Bavares sont leurs voisins de Maurétanie Césarienne. Julius Honorius (Riese, Geographi latini min., A, p. 53) précise que le fleuve Malva (Moulouya) coule entre Bacuates (= Baquates) et Barbares (= Bavares). Dans un autre passage (A, p. 54) le même auteur cite les Barbares (= Bavares), dans le Dahra, et les Salamaggenites dans lesquels il faut retrouver les Macénites du Moyen Atlas dont le nom fut associé, à la suite d’une lecture erronée de la carte, à celui du fleuve Sala. -
Il Nordafrica E I Nordafricani Elementi Di Storia, Lingue E Letterature
Vermondo Brugnatelli Il Nordafrica e i Nordafricani Elementi di Storia, Lingue e Letterature Appunti per la parte generale del corso di Lingue e Letterature del Nordafrica 2009-2010 Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca Le immagini che illustrano la presente dispensa sono reperibili on- line alla pagina: http://www.brugnatelli.net/vermondo/didattica/bicocca/immagini © Vermondo Brugnatelli 2010 Foto in copertina: Un tipico disegno ornamentale tradizionale del Nordafrica (dettaglio da un antico portone ligneo - Marocco) PROLUSIONE White Athena, ovvero: il vuoto epistemologico del Nordafrica. 1. African = Black? Black Athena, “Atena nera" è il titolo che nel 1987 Martin Bernal diede a un libro, destinato a suscitare accesi dibattiti, in cui si proponeva di denunciare il mito eurocentrico della civiltà classica, facendo presente il grande debito che la civiltà occidentale ha nei confronti delle più antiche civiltà del Vicino Oriente antico, in particolare quelle dell'Egitto e della Mesopotamia. Il titolo-shock deriva dalla consapevolezza (diffusa già presso gli antichi) di una identificazione della dea greca Atena con la dea Neith egiziana. Non intendo qui soffermarmi sulla validità delle tesi di Bernal. Quello che mi preme sottolineare è la disinvoltura con cui questo autore (e con lui più o meno tutti coloro che sono intervenuti nel dibattito sul libro, sia favorevoli sia contrari alle sue posizioni) considera "nero" come sinonimo di "africano". Né gli antichi egizi né i popoli mesopotamici dell'antichità erano di pelle "nera". E neppure tutti i popoli del Nordafrica dall'Egitto fino all'Atlantico. Al massimo saranno stati bruni di capelli e con la carnagione facile all'abbronzatura, come tutti i popoli intorno al Mediterraneo.