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Thermal Transport in Thorium Dioxide Nuclear Engineering and Technology
Nuclear Engineering and Technology 50 (2018) 731e737 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nuclear Engineering and Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/net Original Article Thermal transport in thorium dioxide Jungkyu Park*, Eduardo B. Farfan, Christian Enriquez Kennesaw State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA article info abstract Article history: In this research paper, the thermal transport in thorium dioxide is investigated by using nonequilibrium Received 28 September 2017 molecular dynamics. The thermal conductivity of bulk thorium dioxide was measured to be 20.8 W/m-K, Received in revised form confirming reported values, and the phonon mean free path was estimated to be between 7 and 8.5 nm 20 December 2017 at 300 K. It was observed that the thermal conductivity of thorium dioxide shows a strong dependency Accepted 12 February 2018 on temperature; the highest thermal conductivity was estimated to be 77.3 W/m-K at 100 K, and the Available online 1 March 2018 lowest thermal conductivity was estimated to be 4.3 W/m-K at 1200 K. In addition, by simulating thorium dioxide structures with different lengths at different temperatures, it was identified that short Keywords: Molecular Dynamics Simulation wavelength phonons dominate thermal transport in thorium dioxide at high temperatures, resulting in Nuclear Fuel decreased intrinsic phonon mean free paths and minimal effect of boundary scattering while long Thermal Transport wavelength phonons dominate the thermal transport in thorium dioxide at low temperatures. Thorium Dioxide © 2018 Korean Nuclear Society, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). -
Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns
NBS MONOGRAPH 25 — SECTION 1 Standard X-ray Diffraction U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Functions and Activities The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scien- tific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau's unique competence is required. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover. Publications The results of the Bureau's research are published either in the Bureau's own series of publications or in the journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections, presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world. -
Material Safety Data Sheet
LTS Research Laboratories, Inc. Safety Data Sheet Calcium Selenide ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1. Product and Company Identification ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Trade Name: Calcium Selenide Chemical Formula: CaSe Recommended Use: Scientific research and development Manufacturer/Supplier: LTS Research Laboratories, Inc. Street: 37 Ramland Road City: Orangeburg State: New York Zip Code: 10962 Country: USA Tel #: 855-587-2436 / 855-lts-chem 24-Hour Emergency Contact: 800-424-9300 (US & Canada) +1-703-527-3887 (International) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2. Hazards Identification ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Signal Word: Danger Hazard Statements: H301+H331: Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H400: Very toxic to aquatic life H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Precautionary Statements: P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray P264: Wash thoroughly after handling P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area P273: Avoid release to the environment P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician P304+P341: IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult, -
Pp-03-25-New Dots.Qxd 10/23/02 2:41 PM Page 778
pp-03-25-new dots.qxd 10/23/02 2:41 PM Page 778 778 PRAESODYMIUM PRAESODYMIUM [7440–10–0] Symbol Pr; atomic number 59; atomic weight 140.908; a lanthanide–series rare earth element; belongs to the cerium group of rare earths; electron con- figuration [Xe] 4f36s2; partially filled f subshell; valence states +3, +4; most 3+ stable oxidation state +3; electrode potential E°/V (aq) for Pr + 3e¯ ↔ Pr is –2.35 V; atomic radius 1.828 Å; first ionization potential 5.46 eV; one natu- rally–occurring isotope, Pr–141; twenty–nine artificial radioactive isotopes known in the mass range 124, 126–140 and 142–154; the longest–lived isotope Pr–143, t1/2 13.57 day, and the shortest–lived isotope Pr–124, t1/2 1.2 second. History, Occurrence, and Uses Mosander extracted from the mineral lanthana a rare earth fraction, named didymia in 1841. In 1879, Boisbaudran separated a rare earth oxide called samaria (samarium oxide) from the didymia fraction obtained from the mineral samarskite. Soon after that in 1885, Baron Auer von Welsbach iso- lated two other rare earths from didymia. He named them as praseodymia (green twin) and neodymia (new twin) after their source didymia (twin). The name praseodymium finally was assigned to this new element, derived from the two Greek words, prasios meaning green and didymos meaning twin. Praseodymium occurs in nature associated with other rare earths in a rel- atively high abundance. It is more abundant than some common metals such as silver, gold, or antimony. The average concentration of this metal in the earth’s crust is estimated to be 8.2 mg/kg. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.449,161 B2 Boryta Et Al
USOO74491.61B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.449,161 B2 Boryta et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 11, 2008 (54) PRODUCTION OF LITHIUM COMPOUNDS 4,207,297 A * 6/1980 Brown et al. ............. 423,179.5 DIRECTLY FROM LITHIUM CONTAINING 4,243,641 A * 1/1981 Ishimori et al. .......... 423/179.5 BRINES 4.261,960 A * 4/1981 Boryta ............. ... 423,179.5 4,271,131. A * 6/1981 Brown et al. ...... ... 423,179.5 4,274,834. A 6/1981 Brown et al. .............. 23,302 R (75) Inventors: Daniel Alfred Boryta, Cherryville, NC 4,463,209 A * 7/1984 Kursewicz et al. .......... 585/467 (US); Teresita Frianeza Kullberg, 4,465,659 A * 8/1984 Cambridge et al. ......... 423,495 Gastonia, NC (US); Anthony Michael 4,588,565 A * 5/1986 Schultze et al. .......... 423,179.5 Thurston, Edmond, OK (US) 4,747.917 A * 5/1988 Reynolds et al. ............ 205,512 4,859,343 A * 8/1989 Frianeza-Kullberg (73) Assignee: Chemetall Foote Corporation, Kings et al. .......................... 210,679 Mountain, NC (US) 4,980,136 A * 12/1990 Brown et al. ... 423,179.5 5,049,233 A 9, 1991 Davis .......................... 216.93 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,219,550 A * 6/1993 Brown et al. ............. 423 (419.1 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,599,516 A * 2/1997 Bauman et al. .......... 423/179.5 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 5,939,038 A * 8/1999 Wilkomirsky ............... 423,276 5.993,759 A * 1 1/1999 Wilkomirsky ........... -
WO 2014/029634 Al 27 February 2014 (27.02.2014) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2014/029634 Al 27 February 2014 (27.02.2014) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, C09C 1/02 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, ΓΝ , IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (21) International Application Number: MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, PCT/EP20 13/066666 OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, (22) International Filing Date: SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, 8 August 2013 (08.08.2013) TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (25) Filing Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (26) Publication Language: English kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (30) Priority Data: GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, 1218 1089.9 20 August 2012 (20.08.2012) EP UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, 61/693,350 27 August 2012 (27.08.2012) US TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, (71) Applicant: OMYA INTERNATIONAL AG [CH/CH]; MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, Baslerstrasse 42, CH-4665 Oftringen (CH). -
INFORMATION O a a .Aoi Chemistry-Traniuranie Elements
INFORMATION o a a .aoi Chemistry-Traniuranie Elements UNIVERSITY O r CALIFORNIA Radiation Laboratory Contract No. W-7405-eng~48 CUBSITIClTIOH CAKCBLUD IV. TT Ftv«Jbs Itti'.s fJ«cR'otsdLisV^ CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF AMERICIUM COMPOUNDS D. H. Templeton and Carol H. Dauben February 3, 1953 RESTRICTEO^JCTA This document cqpm pLrw ricted data as defined in ttagSrarfic Energy Act of 1944. Its tsn fip rtfa l or disclosure of Its contents ^p*ny manner to an unautor- ised person is prohibited. Berkeley, California UNIVERSITY Of CALIFORNIA Rodiotiofl Loborotory 42RC8 Cover Shoot INDE X NO. Ill K£ ■ -10/ Do not rsrtovt Tbit document eo nto in t__ IL- pages Tbit is copy ^ of tor lot tL Glassification Eoch perton who rtcoivot thltdocument must tipn the cover thstt I Route to Notsd by Date Route to Noted by D aft OHO A im *[|S 5(M) CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF AMERICIUM COMPOUNDS1 D. H. Templeton and Carol H. Dauben Department of Chemistry and Radiation Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, California February 3, 1953 ABSTRACT The crystal structures of several compounds of americium, element 95, have been determined by the X-ray powder diffraction method. AisF^ is hexagonal (LaF^ type) with a = 4. 067 t 0.001 X and c « 7. 225 t 0.002 Si for the pseudoceil which explains the powder data. AmO^ is cubic (CaF^ type) with 1 a = 5. 38) t 0.001 X AmOCl is tetragonal (PbFCl type) with a = 4.00+O.OlX, c = 6.78 t 0.01 X. The metal parameter la 0.18 t 0.01. -
Effects of Intravenous Injections of Radium Bromide. by R
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF RADIUM BROMIDE. BY R. BURTON-OPITZ AND GUSTAVE M. MEYER. (From the Laboratories of Physiology and Physiological Chemistry of Colum- bia University, at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.) PLATE XVI. The present study was undertaken with a view of determining in a general way the effects of intravenous administration of ra- dium upon the circulation and respiration. The problem was sug- gested to us by Dr. William J. Gies, under whose guidance a number of researches, dealing with the more extensive question of the action of radium upon animal and vegetable cells, have re- cently been carried on in the laboratories of Columbia University.1 For the radium used in these experiments we are greatly in- debted to Mr. Hugo Lieber. It was supplied to us in the form of the bromide, in preparations of 240 , iooo, and io,ooo activities. The strength of the solution used was the same in all cases. It contained 45 rag. of the dry substance in 25 c. c. of the solvent; each cubic centimeter of the solution, therefore, contained 1.8 rag. of the radium preparation. The amount of the radium present varies directly with the ra- dio-activity. Preparations of ~,5oo,ooo activity are said to repre- sent pure radium bromide3 Taking this figure as the standard of purity, ~ .8 rag. of the radium preparation of io,ooo activity contained approximately only o.o~ 26 mg., the same quantity of the preparation of ~ooo activity contained o.ooi26 rag. -
Zinnwald Lithium Project
Zinnwald Lithium Project Report on the Mineral Resource Prepared for Deutsche Lithium GmbH Am St. Niclas Schacht 13 09599 Freiberg Germany Effective date: 2018-09-30 Issue date: 2018-09-30 Zinnwald Lithium Project Report on the Mineral Resource Date and signature page According to NI 43-101 requirements the „Qualified Persons“ for this report are EurGeol. Dr. Wolf-Dietrich Bock and EurGeol. Kersten Kühn. The effective date of this report is 30 September 2018. ……………………………….. Signed on 30 September 2018 EurGeol. Dr. Wolf-Dietrich Bock Consulting Geologist ……………………………….. Signed on 30 September 2018 EurGeol. Kersten Kühn Mining Geologist Date: Page: 2018-09-30 2/219 Zinnwald Lithium Project Report on the Mineral Resource TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Date and signature page .............................................................................................................. 2 1 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 Property Description and Ownership ........................................................................ 14 1.2 Geology and mineralization ...................................................................................... 14 1.3 Exploration status .................................................................................................... 15 1.4 Resource estimates ................................................................................................. 16 1.5 Conclusions and Recommendations ....................................................................... -
Cycle Stability and Hydration Behavior of Magnesium Oxide and Its Dependence on the Precursor-Related Particle Morphology
nanomaterials Article Cycle Stability and Hydration Behavior of Magnesium Oxide and Its Dependence on the Precursor-Related Particle Morphology Georg Gravogl 1,2, Christian Knoll 2,3 , Jan M. Welch 4, Werner Artner 5, Norbert Freiberger 6, Roland Nilica 6, Elisabeth Eitenberger 7, Gernot Friedbacher 7, Michael Harasek 3 , Andreas Werner 8, Klaudia Hradil 5, Herwig Peterlik 9, Peter Weinberger 2 , Danny Müller 2,* and Ronald Miletich 1 1 Department of Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (G.G.); [email protected] (R.M.) 2 Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (C.K.); [email protected] (P.W.) 3 Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 4 Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 5 X-ray Center, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (W.A.); [email protected] (K.H.) 6 RHI-AG, Magnesitstraße 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria; [email protected] (N.F.); [email protected] (R.N.) 7 Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (E.E); [email protected] (G.F.) 8 Institute for Energy Systems and Thermodynamics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 9 Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-1-5880-1163-740 Received: 31 August 2018; Accepted: 2 October 2018; Published: 7 October 2018 Abstract: Thermochemical energy storage is considered as an auspicious method for the recycling of medium-temperature waste heat. -
Gasket Chemical Services Guide
Gasket Chemical Services Guide Revision: GSG-100 6490 Rev.(AA) • The information contained herein is general in nature and recommendations are valid only for Victaulic compounds. • Gasket compatibility is dependent upon a number of factors. Suitability for a particular application must be determined by a competent individual familiar with system-specific conditions. • Victaulic offers no warranties, expressed or implied, of a product in any application. Contact your Victaulic sales representative to ensure the best gasket is selected for a particular service. Failure to follow these instructions could cause system failure, resulting in serious personal injury and property damage. Rating Code Key 1 Most Applications 2 Limited Applications 3 Restricted Applications (Nitrile) (EPDM) Grade E (Silicone) GRADE L GRADE T GRADE A GRADE V GRADE O GRADE M (Neoprene) GRADE M2 --- Insufficient Data (White Nitrile) GRADE CHP-2 (Epichlorohydrin) (Fluoroelastomer) (Fluoroelastomer) (Halogenated Butyl) (Hydrogenated Nitrile) Chemical GRADE ST / H Abietic Acid --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Acetaldehyde 2 3 3 3 3 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetamide 1 1 1 1 2 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetanilide 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetic Acid, 30% 1 2 2 2 1 --- 2 1 2 3 Acetic Acid, 5% 1 2 2 2 1 --- 2 1 1 3 Acetic Acid, Glacial 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 2 3 3 Acetic Acid, Hot, High Pressure 3 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 3 3 Acetic Anhydride 2 3 3 3 2 --- 3 3 --- 3 Acetoacetic Acid 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 3 3 Acetone Cyanohydrin 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- 2 --- 3 Acetonitrile 1 3 3 3 1 --- --- --- --- 3 Acetophenetidine 3 2 2 2 3 --- --- --- --- 1 Acetophenone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 --- 3 Acetotoluidide 3 2 2 2 3 --- --- --- --- 1 Acetyl Acetone 1 3 3 3 3 --- 3 3 --- 3 The data and recommendations presented are based upon the best information available resulting from a combination of Victaulic's field experience, laboratory testing and recommendations supplied by prime producers of basic copolymer materials. -
Inorganic Syntheses
INORGANIC SYNTHESES Volume 27 .................... ................ Board of Directors JOHN P. FACKLER, JR. Texas A&M University BODlE E. DOUGLAS University of Pittsburgh SMITH L. HOLT, JR. Oklahoma State Uniuersity JAY H. WORRELL University of South Florida RUSSELL N. GRIMES University of Virginia ROBERT J. ANGELIC1 Iowa State University Future Volumes 28 ROBERT J. ANGELIC1 Iowa State University 29 RUSSELL N. GRIMES University of Virginia 30 LEONARD V. INTERRANTE Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 31 ALLEN H. COWLEY University of Texas, Austin 32 MARCETTA Y. DARENSBOURG Texas A&M University International Associates MARTIN A. BENNETT Australian National University, Canberra FAUSTO CALDERAZZO University of Pisa E. 0. FISCHER Technical University. Munich JACK LEWIS Cambridge University LAMBERTO MALATESTA University of Milan RENE POILBLANC University of Toulouse HERBERT W. ROESKY University of Gottingen F. G. A. STONE University of Bristol GEOFFREY WILKINSON Imperial College of Science and Technology. London AKlO YAMAMOTO Tokyo Institute 01 Technology. Yokohama Editor-in-Chief ALVIN P. GINSBERG INORGANIC SYNTHESES Volume 27 A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore A NOTE TO THE READER This book has been electronically reproduced from digital idormation stored at John Wiley h Sons, Inc. We are phased that the use of this new technology will enable us to keep works of enduring scholarly value in print as long as there is a reasonable demand for them. The content of this book is identical to previous printings. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright $? 1990 Inorganic Syntheses, Inc. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.