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The Ukrainian Weekly 1989, No.11 www.ukrweekly.com ЇЇ5ІГв(І by the Ukrainian National Association Inc.. a fraternal non-profit association| ШrainianWeekl Y Vol. LVII No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 50 cents Accused by Russian Orthodox Church Ukrainian H/lemorial Society confronts Iryna Kalynets, Mykhailo Horyn vestiges of Stalinism in Ulcraine to be tried for 'inciting' faithful by Bohdan Nahaylo which suffered so much at the hands of JERSEY CITY, N.J. - Ukrainian The charges, which stem from the the Stalinist regime, there has been a Another important informal associa­ national and religious rights activists dissidents' participation in a moleben in strong response to the new anti-Stalin tion has gotten off to an impressive Iryna Kalynets and Mykhailo Horyn front of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv, campaign that has developed since start in Ukraine, strengthening the have been accused by the Russian commemorating Ukrainian Indepen­ Mikhail Gorbachev ushered in glasnost forces pushing for genuine democrati­ and democratization. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Lviv eparchy, of dence Day on January 22, claim that zation and national renewal in the cultural intelligentsia, especially the instigating religious conflicts among Mrs. Kalynets and Mr. Horyn yelled republic. On March 4, the Ukrainian writers, as well as a host of new informal believers. Their trial was scheduled tor obscenities directed at Metropolitan Memorial Society held its inaugural groups, have sought a more honest March 9 and 10. Nikodium, hierarch of the Russian Or­ conference in Kiev. The following day, depiction of Ukraine's recent past and thodox Church in Lviv. several thousand people are reported to the rehabilitation of the victims of Investigators have questioned a num­ have taken part in the society's first' political terror. State Department ber of witnesses for the prosecution, public rally, which also took place in the By last summer, for example, mem­ among them Metropolitan Nikodim; a Ukrainian capital. bers of the Writers' Union of Ukraine priest at St. George's, the Rev. Pavlo report cautious Like its namesake in Moscow, the were calling for erection of a monument Kochkodan; an elder of the church, Ukrainian Memorial Society is com­ in Kiev to the millions of victims of Oleksander Voytovych; a member of the mitted to honoring the victims of Stalin's man-made famine in Ukraine in on Soviet reforms church committee, Yura Sharovsky;dea­ Stalinism and cleansing Soviet society 1932-1933, and the preparation of WASHINGTON - The U.S. State con Forostyna; employees of theeparchal of Stalinist vestiges, but it places its "White Books" on this tragedy, as well Department's annual Country Reports administrative offices, Ihor Kolomiy- focus on икщіпе, and there is a na­ as oil, ppUtical persi^cution from the on Human Rights acknowledges that chuk,Tvlykdla Zakhurchyshyn ahd^Oleb tional element in the goals it has set 1930s right up until the 1970s. during 1988 reforms did take place in Lehkyi; an on-duty employee of the the USSR, but that "Most of the current itself. Towards the end of 1988, Memorial eparchal administration, Ihor Liak- groups based on the original association reforms have yet to be reinforced by the hovych: and a pensioner, Yosyp Masyk. Background adoption of laws, administrative regula­ (Continued on page 16) It is not surprising that in Ukraine, (Continued on page 11) tions and bureaucratic procedures that will ensure the rights of individual citizens.'' In regard to General Secretary Mi­ Stalin's victims number 40 million, says historian khail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost MOSCOW -- Soviet historian Roy ^ Some I million died in forced from the Baltic republics and the and perestroika, the report says, 'These Medvcdev is quoted in the newspaper relocations of national minorities. western regions of Ukraine and policies had a major impact in 1988 in Argumenty і Fakty (Arguments and Other victims included: Byelorussia were the subjects of mass introducing changes in the perception Facts) as saying that 40 million persons 9 In 1927-1929, I million persons, repressions. and functioning of the Communist were killed, arrested or otherwise mostly members of political opposition ^ During the second world war, up to system." persecuted during the regime of Joseph groups and leaders of the New Econo­ 2 million Germans were deported and Thus, the public has been given Stalin in 1924-1953, reported the Asso­ mic Policy implemented under Lenin, some 3 million Moslems were forced to greater opportunity to express its views ciated Press. were sent to jail or exiled. move. and the limits of private enterprise were About half that number died in labor ^ In 1930-1932, 9 million to 11 9 After 1940, 2 million to 3 million expanded during the year covered by camps, as a result of forced collectivi­ million peasants were deported to persons were arrested for reporting late the report. In addition, "The limits of zation and the ensuing famine, and in Siberia and other remote regions. At to work, a crime then punishable by up permissible dissent in 1988 continued executions. least 1 million more were deported in to five years in a labor camp. to expand ... and an increasing number Mr. Medvedev cited these figures in 1933. The figures appeared in an article of informal organizations and publica­ an interview with the weekly tabloid, ^ In 1935, I million former officials, titled 'The Number of Victims of tions are appearing." whose circulation is about 20 million. merchants and noblemen were branded Stalinism is about 40 million People." The report cautions, however, that Observers hailed the release of "class enemies" and deported from In the question-and-answer-format "Unlike other government agencies, the these figures in a Soviet publication as Moscow, Leningrad and other cities. interview, Mr. Medvedev pointed out KGB has been subjected to only a an attempt to remove "blank spots" in ^ In 1937-1938, 5 million to 7million that many periods of repression under modicum of glasnost and perestroika." Soviet history. people were arrested during the "Great Stalin may never be fully measured It also notes that, "The severe punish­ According to The New York Times, Terror." because the records have disappeared or ment meted out in the past (to dissen­ Argumenty і Fakty has become the ^ In 1939-1941, I million persons never existed. ters) has, however, been replaced by fastest growing and consistently most short-term detention, administrative informative newspaper in the USSR. sentencing of demonstrators, selective The paper originated as an informa­ Bykovnio residents speok out summons for admonishment or re­ tion digest for Communist Party propa­ proof, and harsh press attacks." gandists, lecturers and editors. It is In the report's section on the treat­ largely dictated, the Times wrote, "by about Stolin-ero mass grave ment of prisoners, the report points out: the letters that pour in - 1,000 a day - BYKOVNIA, Ukraine - Resi­ head. The Nazis lined up their vic­ "Many Soviet prisoners suffer both from readers, whose 'Voracious appe­ dents of this village near Kiev are tims on the edge of a ravine and mental and physical abuse and mistreat­ tite for basic information," has been speaking out, after 50 years of fearful machine-gunned them, the AP was ment during interrogation, trial and aroused by the policy of glasnost. silence, about the fact that up to told by Mykola Lysenko, a retired confinement, according to a variety of The Associated Press reported on Mr. 300,000 people buried in a mass economist who wants the truth to be reliable sources. Prisoners released in Medvedev s calculations oi the number grave in a nearby forest were killed known. 1988 report that prison and camp of Stalin's victims. It gave the following not by the Nazis, as the Soviets have Petro Z. Kukovenko, the AP conditions have not improved. Life in breakdown, based on the interview in claimed, but by agents of Joseph noted, says he summoned the cou­ prison or labor camps continues to be Argumenty і Fakty. Stalin. rage to speak after a Soviet commis­ marked by isolation, poor diet and ^ In 1932-1933, 6 million to 7 million The Associated Press reported sion reburied the bones and erected a malnutrition, compulsory hard labor, died in a famine that resulted from that the single bullet hole in each of memorial in May of 1988 blarning beatings, frequent incarceration in Stalin's agricultural policies. the skulls is evidence that these were the Nazis for the mass killings. punishment cells for violations of camp ^ During mass arrests in the 1930s, victims of Stalin. Stalin's secret "When they put up this monument rules, and inadequate medical care." between 5 million and 7 million were police shot people in the back of the (Continued on page 10) (Continued on page 8) executed or died in labor camps. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 -No. 11 A GLIMPSE Of SOVIET REALITY Hunger Strikers demand Klymchak's release JERSFY CITY. N.J. - The Kiev Babliak and Zynoviy Melnyk on March branch ot the Ukrainian Helsinki Union 12, Hryhoriy Minailo and Borys Khy- declared during its March 3 meeting a lenko on March 13, Renat Poliovy and Industrial pollution plagues chain of hunger strikes demanding the Nadia Levchenko on March 14, Petro release of Ukrainian political prisoner Sokolovsky and Klym Semeniuk on areas throughout Ukraine Bohdan Klymchak from Perm labor March 15, Dmytro Fedoriv and Panas Mykhailyshyn on March 16, Vasyl by Dr. David Marples be a favorite bathing area for local camp No. 35, reported the External Gurdzan and Yevhen Obertas on residents, but which is now being Representation of the Ukrainian Hel­ March 17, Sava Trokhymenko and polluted. sinki Union last week. Industrial pollution has become the Roman Trokhymenko (father and son) Consequently, the radical recon­ The UHU activists split up into pairs, focus of attention in several cities and on March 18, Ihor Zaporozhets and struction of the works - which was who will maintain a series of 24-hour villages of the Ukrainian SSR.
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