DOCSLIB.ORG

Ond John Shelley Ad

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ond John Shelley Ad Xl-PERIAL Cf.)LLEGE AND 1.1.....ONNOLOGY 11-1PERTij. COL1' A RATIONALE AND DESIGN OF A MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM FOR SCHOOLS OD COLLEGEZ by FREDERICK ES1!OND JOHN SHELLEY A Dissertation Submitted for the Master of Philosophy Degree Nownribe*. 1979 CONTENTS Section Page Number ABSTRACT 1 Acknowledgements 2 Note on Assistance from others 3 Acronym List 4 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. THE IMPERIAL COLLEGE 'COMPUTING IN SCHOOLS PROJECT' 7 2.1. A Brief History of the Schools Project 7 2.1.1. History and Purpose 7 2.1.2. The Computer Systems 8 2.1.3. Methods of Access 9 2.1.3.1. A Batch Service 9 2.1.3..2. A Time Sharing Service 10 2.1.40 Supporting Activities 11 2.1.5. Financial & Personnel Support 13 2.1.6. A Decade of Developments 15 2.2. Comparison with Other Projects 15 2.2.1, Similar Work on a Regional Basis 16 2.2.1.1, ILEA 16 2.2.1.2. Birmingham Schools Computing 17 2.2.1.3. Merseyside Schools Computing Project 17 2.2.1.4. The Hertfordshire AUCBE 18 2.2.1.5. Durham Project 18 2.2.1.6. Conclusions on Regional Centres 19 2.2.2. Single Institutions 20 2.2.3. The Unique Position of the ICSP 20 2.3. The ICSP during 1977 to 1979 20 2.4. Conclusions 21 3. A RATIONALE FOR A MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM FOR SCHOOLS 22 3.1. Availability of Cheap & Personal Systems 22 3.1.1. The Components of the Traditional Computing System 22 3.1.2. What is Available 24 3.1.3. What has become Cheap 25 3.1.4. The Classes of Microcomputers 26 3.1.5. Implications & Conclusions 27 3.2. The Microprocessor Revolution within Society 28 3.3. Microcomputers within Secondary Education 29 3.3.1. Within Computer Studies 29 3.3.2. Within Computer Science 30 3.3.3. Within Subjects other than Computer Studies/Science 31 3.3.4. Within Remedial Training 33 3.3.5. Within Schools Administration 35 3.4. Official Attitudes 35 3.5. Overall Conclusions 37 4. PREVIOUS WORK 38 4.1. MUSE 38 4.2. The British Computer Society Schools Committee 39 4.3. Literature & Courses 39 5. DESIGN OBJECTIVES 42 5.1. General Requirements from a System 42 5.1.1, Primary System Requirements 42 5.1.2. Primary System Uses 42 5.1.3. Software Compatibility 43 5.1.4. Maintenance 43 5.1.5. Summary 43 5.2. Project Requirements from the System 43 5.2.1. A System for Secondary Education 44 5.2.2. A system for Developing CAL 44 5.2.3, A System for University 44 5,3e Specific System Choice 45 6. EVALUATION OF THE COMPUTER WORKSHOP N6800 46 6.1. Specification of the System 46 6.1.1. Hardware 46 6.1.2. Software 47 6.2. Experience with the System 48 6.2.1. ICSP Project Experience 48 6.2.2. Pupil Experience 50 6.3. Conclusions 51 6.3.1. Specific Conclusions on the Ccs M6800 51 6.3.1.1. Technical Expertise Required 51 6.3.1.2. Documentation 52 6.3.1.3. Transportability 52 6.3.1.4. As a Stand-Alone System 53 6.3.2. General Conclusions on Micro Systems for Schools 54 6.3.2.1. Administrative Leader 54 6.3.2.2. Manufacturer's Documentation 54 6.3.2.3. Management of the System 54 6,3.2.4. Hardware Considerations 55 6.3.2.5. Accomodation & Mobility 56 6.3.2.6. Software Maintenance 58 6.3.2.6.10 Individual Users 58 6.3.2.6.2. The Group Schools 59 7. EVALUATION OF RESEARCH MACHINES OF OXFORD 61 7.1. Specification of System 61 7.1.1. Hardware 61 7.2.1. Software 62 7.2. Experience woth System 62 7.2.1. Project Experience 62 7.2,2. As a Secondary Level System 64 7.3. Conclusions 64 Be SELECTION CRITERIA & REQUIREMENTS FOR A SECONDARY LEVEL MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM 66 8.1. The Purpose of a Microcomputer System 66 8.2. Language Requirements 66 8.3. Minimum System Requirements 68 8.3.1. Hardware Specification 68 8.3.2. Additional Software Facilities 70 8.3.3. Recommended Sample Configurations at June 1979 70 8.4. Requirements of an Administrator 72 8.5. Management of the System 73 8.6. The ICSP Guidelines 78 9. REQUIREM•MENTS & DESIGN OF A MICROCOMPUTER COURSE FOR TEACHERS 82 9.1. ICSP Course Objectives 82 9.1.1. Provision of a High Level Course 82 9.1.2. Hands-on Experience 83 9.2. Design Considerations 83 9.2.1. Practical Considerations 83 9.2.2. Questionnaire 84 9.3. Implementation of Course 85 9.3.1. Lectures & Timing 85 9.3.2. Equipment 87 9.4. Conclusions & Critque of Course 88 10.CRITICAL ANALYSIS 91 10.1. Objectives 91 10.2. Comments on Project Achievements within Time-Scale 91 10.3. Comparison of Project with other projects 93 10.3.1. With LE.A s 93 10.3.2. Comparison between MUSE & ICSP Guidelines 93 10.3.2.1. MUSE Guidelines 93 10.3.2.2. Comparison with ICSP Guidelines 91 10.3.3. Comparison with DUMP 95 11. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 96 11.1. Further Hardware Investigation 96 11.2. Future Software Investigation 97 11.2.1. Languages 97 11.2.2. Packages 98 11.2.3. Text Processing 98 11.3. Schools Administration 98 11.4. Impact of Hicrotechnology upon Computer Studies/ Science Syllabi 99 11.5. Graphics 100 11.5.1. Low Resolution Graphics 100 11.5.2. High Resolution Graphics 100 11.5.3. Graphics Software 101 11.6. A Course Text for Teachers 102 11.7. Special Systems for the Handicapped 102 11.8. Teletext & Viewdata Systems 103 11.9. Conclusions 103 12. CONCLUSIONS 104 12.1. Results of Investigation 104 12.1.1. Rationale & Design 105 12.1.2. Guidelines for Teachers 106 12.1.3. Introductory Microprocessor Course for Teachers 106 12.1.4. Justification of the High Level Approach 107 12.1.5. Identification of Potential Study Areas 107 12.2. The Systems Analysis 108 12.2.1. An Administrative Project 108 12.2.2. Specific to ICSP 108 12.2.3. Specific to ICCC 109 12.3. Teacher Training 110 13. POST--SCRIPT 111 13.1. Some Hardware Changes 111 13.2. CAL 112 13.3. Publication of Course Notes 112 13.4. Miscellaneous Points 113 REFERENCES 114 APPENDICES 1. Initial Documentation for CW M6800 122 2. Teachers Microprocessor Course Notes 134 3. MUSE Guidelines 170 ABSTRACT 1. This dissertation reflects the results of a two year study between June 1977 and June 1979 into the impact a.nd ii::portance oz microcomputer systems for secondary level education. More specifically, it,discusaes the rationale for proposing a microcomputer system for schools and colleges, in particular, for those two hundred schools participating in the Imperial College 'Computing in Schools Project'; it evaluates two available systems specifically orientated towards secondary education; and, it looks at the possible future re-organisation of school life in the areas of administration, Computer Studies syllabi and examinations, and other disciplines. The resulting investigation forms a systems analysis of the uses to which a micro-. computer can be put and of the needs of the average teacher as a user of a micro- computer system and not of the needs of the machine level enthusiast. This high level approach was a serious deliberation in relation to this study and is reflected in the emphasis placed on the requirements for readable manufacturers' documentation, the development of a microcomputer appreciation course for teachers, as well as the presentation of a set of guidelines based upon both a personal experiment and a study of existing material up to June 1979. 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I should like to thank the following people for their assistance in the development of this dissertation. Mr. S.Nordanholt - the Director of the Imperial College Computer Centre for his permission to undertake the investigation of microcom- puters and thereby enabling me to develop this project for the Imperial College 'Computing in Schools' Project. Mr. K. Palmer - for his contribution in the construction of the Computer Workshop MG800. hr. H.Elgindi - for his contribution to the testing of software for the Computer Workshop MG800. Mr. E.B.James - my supervisor, for his enthusiasm when this project was first mooted and for his continual involvement since then. Mr. A.R.Hunt - for his continuing interest in the ICSP and the part that microcomputers could play in secondary education. 30 NOTE ON ASSISTANCE RECKINED FROM 0THERS The developments within microprocessors are such that no one person can hope to keep pace with its spectular growth. Therefore, although this dissertation is presented under my name, I acknowledge the assistance received from others and without which this project could not have been completed in time. Air. K. Palmer and Mr. H.Elgindi provided technical assistance for the Computer Work- shop M6800 microcomputer system. But in particular I owe my supervisor, Mr. E. B.James,a great deal who,in our many discussions throughout the investigation and during the development of microprocessor courses for internal students at Imperial College, provoked many of the ideas contained in this dissertation. 4. ACRONYM LIST The following acronyms are listed here for conveniences AUCBE (CEAU) - Advisory Unit for Computer Based Education CAL - computer assisted learning CDC - Control Data Corporation CEE - certificate of extended education CEG - Computer Education Group CET - Council for Educational Technology DES - Department of Education and Science Duc1P - Durham Microcomputer Project GAPE - Geographical Association of Package Exchange IC - Imperial College, London ICCC - Imperial College Computer Centre ICSP -- Imperial College Schools Project J.M.B.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (52) Cont~Ol Data
    C) (52) CONT~OL DATA literature and Distribution Services ~~.) 308 North Dale Street I st. Paul. Minnesota 55103 rJ 1 August 29, 1983 "r--"-....." (I ~ __ ,I Dear Customer: Attached is the third (3) catalog supplement since the 1938 catalog was published . .. .·Af ~ ~>J if-?/t~--62--- G. F. Moore, Manager Literature & Distribution Services ,~-" l)""... ...... I _._---------_._----_._----_._-------- - _......... __ ._.- - LOS CATALOG SUPPLEPtENT -- AUGUST 1988 Pub No. Rev [Page] TITLE' [ extracted from catalog entry] Bind Price + = New Publication r = Revision - = Obsolete r 15190060 [4-07] FULL SCREEN EDITOR (FSEDIT) RM (NOS 1 & 2) .......•...•.•...•••........... 12.00 r 15190118 K [4-07] NETWORK JOB ENTRY FACILITY (NJEF) IH8 (NOS 2) ........................... 5.00 r 15190129 F [4-07] NETWORK JOB ENTRY FACILITY (NJEF) RM (NOS 2) .........•.......•........... + 15190150 C [4-07] NETWORK TRANSFER FACILITY (NTF) USAGE (NOS/VE) .......................... 15.00 r 15190762 [4-07] TIELINE/NP V2 IHB (L642) (NOS 2) ........................................ 12.00 r 20489200 o [4-29] WREN II HALF-HEIGHT 5-114" DISK DRIVE ................................... + 20493400 [4-20] CDCNET DEVICE INTERFACE UNITS ........................................... + 20493600 [4-20] CDCNET ETHERNET EQUIPMENT ............................................... r 20523200 B [4-14] COMPUTER MAINTENANCE SERVICES - DEC ..................................... r 20535300 A [4-29] WREN II 5-1/4" RLL CERTIFIED ............................................ r 20537300 A [4-18] SOFTWARE
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview About Basic for Qt® from July 17, 2012
    An overview about Basic For Qt® from July 17, 2012 Contents An overview about Basic For Qt®..................................................................................................1 Object-Oriented...........................................................................................................................2 Event-Driven...............................................................................................................................2 Basic For Qt® Framework..........................................................................................................3 The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) - To simplify application development.............4 IDE Contents...............................................................................................................................4 Toolbox.......................................................................................................................................4 Project Window...........................................................................................................................4 Properties Windows....................................................................................................................4 Code / Design view.....................................................................................................................4 Review........................................................................................................................................4 Getting Started - Making
    [Show full text]
  • Hello World/Web Server - Rosetta Code
    Hello world/Web server - Rosetta Code http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Hello_world/Web_server Hello world/Web server From Rosetta Code < Hello world The browser is the new GUI! Hello world/Web The task is to serve our standard text "Goodbye, World!" to server http://localhost:8080/ so that it can be viewed with a web browser. You are The provided solution must start or implement a server that accepts encouraged to multiple client connections and serves text as requested. solve this task according to the task description, Note that starting a web browser or opening a new window with using any language you this URL is not part of the task. Additionally, it is permissible to may know. serve the provided page as a plain text file (there is no requirement to serve properly formatted HTML here). The browser will generally do the right thing with simple text like this. Contents 1 Ada 2 AWK 3 BBC BASIC 4 C 5 C++ 6 C# 7 D 8 Delphi 9 Dylan.NET 10 Erlang 11 Fantom 12 Go 13 Haskell 14 Io 15 J 16 Java 17 JavaScript 18 Liberty BASIC 19 Modula-2 20 NetRexx 21 Objeck 22 OCaml 23 Opa 24 Perl 25 Perl 6 26 PicoLisp 27 Prolog 28 PureBasic 29 PHP 30 Python 1 sur 18 19/07/2013 19:57 Hello world/Web server - Rosetta Code http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Hello_world/Web_server 31 Racket 32 REALbasic 33 Ruby 34 Run BASIC 35 Salmon 36 Seed7 37 Smalltalk 38 Tcl Ada Library: AWS Uses many defaults, such as 5 max simultaneous connections.
    [Show full text]
  • Systed. Volue 4: Design Of
    NASA CR-132hO4 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AEROSPACE-VEHICLE DESIGN (IPAD) SYSTEM by C. A. Garrocq, M. J. Hurley et al VOLUME IV DESIGN OF THE IPAD SYSTEM PART I - IPAD SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (PHASE I, TASK 2) 20 August 1973 Publicly Released February 10, 1978 -l Prepared Under Contract No.NAS-1-11431 by - NERAL DYNAMICS/CONVAIR AEROSPACE DIVISION C% San Diego, California NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRIO1 (NASA-CR-L132qoq) FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN N78-16007 INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AEROSPACE-VEHICLE DESIGN (IPtfl),SYSTED. VOLUE 4: DESIGN OF . 1/r OT THE IPAD SYSTEM. PART 1: IPAD SYSTEM Unclas SDESIGN_ (General Dynamics/Convair) 250 p HC'03/02 02561 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AEROSPACE-VEHICLE DESIGN (IPAD) SYSTEM VOLUME I - SUMMARY VOLUME II - CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IPAD SYSTEM (PHASE I, TASK 1) VOLUME III - ENGINEERING CREATIVE/EVALUATION PROCESSES (PHASE I, TASK 1) VOLUME IV - DESIGN OF THE IPAD SYSTEM PART I - IPAD SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (PHASE I, TASK 2) VOLUME V - DESIGN OF THE IPAD SYSTEM PART II - SYSTEM DESIGN PART III - GENERAL PURPOSE UTILITIES (PHASE I, TASK 2) VOLUME VI - IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE DEVELOPMENT COSTS OPERATIONAL COSTS BENEFIT ASSESSMENT IMPACT ON COMPANY ORGANIZATION SPIN-OFF ASSESSMENT (PHASE II, TASKS 3 to 8) FOREWORD This investigation was conducted for the NASA Langley Research Center by the Convair Aerospace Division of General Dynamics Corpo­ ration under Contract NAS 1-11431. The NASA Technical Monitor was Dr. R. E. Fulton, Head, IPAD Technology Section, Design Technology Branch, Structures and Dynamics Division, assisted by Dr. J.
    [Show full text]
  • CYBER 18 COMPUTER SYSTEMS CONTR.OL DATA Corrori\Tlon
    -- .......... 1Aiiil..li -" ~" ~..;;J;J,;,[] ;... r,l E::\ CONTR.OL DATA \!:I r::!J CORPORATION SYSTEM SUMMARY CYBER 18 COMPUTER SYSTEMS CONTR.OL DATA CORrORi\TlON I. ) I ...-l n ~------------------~---------------------------- CONTROL DATA@ c CYBER 18 COMPUTER SYSTEMS c c c c----~-------------------------------- c C fl L-.. SYSTEM SUMMARY ,.. L__ ~ r ~ I \.... l j REVISION RECORD r REVISION DESCRIPTION 01 Preliminary edition released. LJ (3/76) 02 Manual updated. r (4/76) L.-" A Manual,updated and released. (2/77) r L_J I' L_J r"" ~ ,.. L.J ( "- r"" L. r~ L.J r"" L.. I' '''L ,.. L. Publication No. ,- 96767850 L.J Address comments concerning this r- manual to: l_ • Control Data Corporation r Publications and Graphics Division 4455 Eastgate Mall "'- © 1976, 1977 by Control Data Corporation La Jolla, California 92037 or use Comment Sheet in the back of LJ Printed in the United States of America this manual. rl l_J c LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES New features, as well as changes, deletions, and additions to information in this manual, are indicated by bars in the margins or by a dot near the page number if the entire page is affected. A bar by the page number indicates pagination rather than content has changed. PAGE REV PAGE REV PAGE REV PAGE REV PAGE REV -- Cover -- o Title -- ii, iii A iv blank v thru viii A c 1-1 thru 1-3 A 2-1 thru 2-6 A 3-1 thru 3-3 A 4-1, 4-2 . A 5-1 thru 5-23 A 6-1 thru 6-5 A 7-1 thru 7-12 A A-I thru A-8 A c Comment sheet A Envelope -- Back cover -- c c c c o 96767850 A iii/iv c' L, r~' L.., L._, ,r- .
    [Show full text]
  • University of Minnesota a Study of Graphic Data Entry Methods for the Minnesota Land Management Information Systems (MLMIS)
    University of Minnesota A Study of Graphic Data Entry Methods For the Minnesota Land Management Information Systems (MLMIS) Technical Report 73008 Submitted to the University of Minnesota's Center for Urban and Regional Affairs (CURA) and to the Systems Director, MLMIS Project by the University Computer Center's Engineering Group A. Franck, Z. Strohoffer University of Minnesota A Study of Graphic Data Entry Methods for the Minnesota Land Management Information Systems (MLMIS) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective and Scope 1.2 Organization of this Report 1.3 Approach 1.4 Conclusions and Accommodations 1.5 Cost Estimates 2 CURRENT STATUS 2.1 Current Application and Procedure 2.1.1 The Application 2 .1.2 Data Entry 2.2 Major Problems 2.2.1 Technical Problems 2.2.2 Operational/Administrative Problems 2.2.3 Cost of Operation 3 ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES 3.1 Graphic Data Entry 3.1.1 Ideal Graphic Entry Device 3.2 Alternatives 3.2.1 Use of the CDC 3200 3.2.1.1 Use of the Current System 3.2.1.2 Restructuring of the Present System 3.2.1.2.1 Off-line Configurations 3.2.1.2.2 On-line Configurations 3.2.2 Use of the CDC 6600 3.2.2.1 Possible System Configurations 4 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Digitizers 4.2 Computer Controlled Displays 5 HARDWARE PRESENTATION 5.1 Data Entry Devices 5.1.1 Discrete Digitizer 5.1. 2 Ultrasonic Digitizer 5.1. 3 Desktop Digitizer 5.2 Data Storage Devices 5.2.1 Punched Card 5.2.2 Incremental Tape Recorder 5.2.3 Tape Cassette 5.2.4 Paper Tape 5.3 Systems 5.3.1 Digitizers 5.3.2 Interactive CRT Terminals with Light-pen 5.3.3 Other Display Terminals 5.4 PDP-8 to Computer Interfaces 5.4.1 PDP-8-E to CDC 3200 5.4.2 PDP-8-E to CDC 6600 Appendix 1 Incremental Tape Transports Appendix 2 Display Specifications Appendix 3 DEC PDP-8/CDC 3200 Interface 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter sets forth the objective and scope of the study, dis­ cusses the approach used and presents the outline of this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Started with Morfik
    Getting started with Morfik: Creating a GUI Michaël Van Canneyt June 6, 2007 Abstract Morfik is an exciting new environment for creating webapplications. It is unique in many ways and in this article, it will be shown how Morfik can be used to create webapplications that function (almost) like a regular desktop application. 1 Introduction Creating webpages is easy these days. Creating interactive webpages is also easy. Creating rich internet applications or webapplications is already more difficult: intimate knowledge of Javascript and AJAX is required in order to be able to create an application which looks and reacts like a regular desktop application. Morfik is a development environment which makes creating a web application as easy as creating a desktop application: Morfik and it’s unique architecture was introduced in 2 previous articles. In a couple of articles Morfik’s architecture will be explained in more detail. Various areas of Morfik will be explained: • GUI design: how to code the visual part of the application. This will cover basic events, and how to open other windows in the browser. • Database access: in this part, the possibilities for data access will be discussed, and how Morfik can tightly couple the GUI with a database. It also includes a banded reporting engine, which emits nice-looking PDF documents. • Webservices: no web-application tool would be complete without support for web- services. Morfik has support for consuming third-party webservices, but can also be used to create webservices. Indeed, webservices are used to let the GUI (which runs in the browser) communicate with the Morfik server application.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyrighted Material
    51_108543-bindex.qxp 4/30/08 8:35 PM Page 671 Index aligning text using in JavaScript, 493–494 Numerics HTML, 466 linked lists versus, 342 Alpha Five database multi-dimensional, 0 (zero) programming 321–323, 375–376 initializing arrays, 317 language, 79 one-based, 315, 316 zero-based arrays, alpha-beta pruning, overview, 314 315–316 420–421 in Pascal/Delphi, 586–587 1-based arrays, 315, 316 American Standard Code in Perl, 569–570 1-time pad algorithm, 446 for Information in PHP, 506 4th Dimension database Interchange (ASCII) requirements for programming codes, 423 defining, 314 language, 79 Analytical Engine, 10 resizable, 319–321, 326 anchor points (HTML), retrieving data from, A 470–471 318–319 And operator, 175–176. See searching and sorting, 326 Ada language, 10, 58, 130 also logical/Boolean speed and efficiency address space layout operators issues, 328 randomization AndAlso operator (Visual storing data in, 318 (ASLR), 642 Basic), 597 for string data types in Adobe AIR RIA tool, 664 Apple Xcode compiler, 25, C/C++, 526 adversarial search 84, 85 structures with, 314, alpha-beta pruning, AppleScript (Mac), 76, 91 323–325 420–421 applets (Java), 66 uses for, 327–328 depth versus time in, arrays in VB/RB, 603–604 419–420 associative, 352–353, zero-based, 315–316 horizon effect, 420 517–518 artificial intelligence (AI) library lookup, 421–422 in C#, 554–555 applications, 656 overview, 418–419 in C/C++, 537 Bayesian probability, 653 agile documentation, 287 data type limitations, 326 camps, strong versus agile (extreme) declaring, 318 weak, 644 programming, 112–114 default bounds, 315–316 declarative languages, AI.
    [Show full text]
  • Icase Interim Report 6
    NASA Contractor Report 181764 ICASE INTERIM REPORT 6 A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PARALLEL AND VECTOR NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS James M. Ortega, Robert G. Voigt, and Charles H. Romine - NASA Contract No. NAS1-18107, NASI-18605 December 1988 (EASA-CR- 181764) A BXELIOGEIFHY 08 PARALLEL N89-163Sb A10 VLCICG IUBBBICAL ALGORIILt5 Iinal Report OASA) 90 CSCL 0913 Unclar G3/61 0169713 INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665 Operated by the Universities Space Research Association National Aeronautics and Space Ad ministration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23665-5225 ICASE INTERIM REPORTS ICASE has introduced a new report series to be called ICASE lntcrim Reports. The series will complement the more familiar blue ICASE reports that have becn distributed for many years. The blue reports are intended as preprints of research that has been submitted for publication in either rcferccd journals or conference proceedings. In general, the green Interim Report will not be submit- ted for publication, at least not in its printed form. It will be used for research that has reached a certain level of maturity but needs additional refinement, for technical reviews or position statements, for bibliographies, and for computer software. The Interim Reports will receive the same distribution as the ICASE Reports. They will be available upon request in the future, and they may be referenced in other publications. Robert G. Voigt Director i A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PARALLEL AND VECTOR NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS JAMES M. ORTEGA', ROBERT G. VOIGTt AND CHARLES H. ROlllINEt Since parallel and vector computation is expanding rapidly, we hope that the refer- ences we have collected over the years will be of some value to researchers entering the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Various Computers Using Standard Linear Equations Software
    ———————— CS - 89 - 85 ———————— Performance of Various Computers Using Standard Linear Equations Software Jack J. Dongarra* Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-1301 Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 University of Manchester CS - 89 - 85 June 15, 2014 * Electronic mail address: [email protected]. An up-to-date version of this report can be found at http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.ps This work was supported in part by the Applied Mathematical Sciences subprogram of the Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-96OR22464, and in part by the Science Alliance a state supported program at the University of Tennessee. 6/15/2014 2 Performance of Various Computers Using Standard Linear Equations Software Jack J. Dongarra Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-1301 Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 University of Manchester June 15, 2014 Abstract This report compares the performance of different computer systems in solving dense systems of linear equations. The comparison involves approximately a hundred computers, ranging from the Earth Simulator to personal computers. 1. Introduction and Objectives The timing information presented here should in no way be used to judge the overall performance of a computer system. The results reflect only one problem area: solving dense systems of equations. This report provides performance information on a wide assortment of computers ranging from the home-used PC up to the most powerful supercomputers. The information has been collected over a period of time and will undergo change as new machines are added and as hardware and software systems improve.
    [Show full text]
  • Programming the World in a Browser Real Men Don't Do Javascript Do
    JOURNAL OF OBJECT TECHNOLOGY Online at http://www.jot.fm. Published by ETH Zurich, Chair of Software Engineering ©JOT, 2007 Vol. 6, No. 10, November-December 2007 Programming the World in a Browser Real Men Don’t Do JavaScript Do They?! By Dave Thomas 1 AND THE WINNER IS JAVASCRIPT The mainstream professional developer community has never taken JavaScript seriously but soon they will have no choice. JavaScript is ready to move to center stage as the development and delivery technology for Web 2.x applications. In the past, most enterprise and product developers flocked to Java or C# while web developers moved to PHP, Perl, Python and more recently Ruby, with most ignoring the web based scripting language called JavaScript. At best it has been considered something to spiff up one’s HTML pages. To make matters worse, incompatible implementations of JS and the DOM have tormented developers and made JS very unpopular with many. Until Ajax and Web 2.0 Douglas Crockford seemed to be the only advocate for JavaScript as a reasonable programming language. He pointed out that JS was really a Scheme like language with a prototype-based object model layered on top of it. I’m sure that popular author David Flanagan never dreamed that he would be best known for his book Definitive JavaScript. While many smaller companies had built quality widgets and applications in JS it is was the entry of Yahoo Widgets, and more importantly the that of Google Mail, Calendar, etc. that laid the commercial foundation for the Ajax revolution with a plethora of frameworks and tools.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Computers
    DEFINING COMPUTERS “A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high- speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.” “A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.” “A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.” “A device used for computing, specially, an electronic machine which, by means of stored instructions and information, performs rapid, often complex calculations or compiles, correlates, and selects data.” “A data processor that can perform substantial computation, including numerous arithmetic and logic operations, without intervention by a human operator during the run.” “A computer is an electronic device that accepts data and instructions, processes the data according to the set of instructions, and produces the desired information.” “A computer is a device capable of solving problems by accepting data, performing described operations on the data and supplying the results of these operations.” Also refer - ANUBHA JAIN, DEEPSHIKHA BHARGAVA & DIVYA ARORA- RBD Publications Chapter No. 1 Page No. 1.1 & 1.2 A SIMPLE MODEL OF COMPUTER (FUNDAMENTALS) In this you have to explain various components of a computer system. Some are as under- 1) Monitor 2) Speakers 3) Keyboard 4) Mouse 5) Printer 6) Scanner 7) Cabinet (Consist of various components like – mother board , ram , hard disk etc.) As Shown in picture below- Also refer - ANUBHA JAIN, DEEPSHIKHA BHARGAVA & DIVYA ARORA- RBD Publications Chapter No.
    [Show full text]