DOCSLIB.ORG

CYBER 18 COMPUTER SYSTEMS CONTR.OL DATA Corrori\Tlon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CYBER 18 COMPUTER SYSTEMS CONTR.OL DATA Corrori\Tlon -- .......... 1Aiiil..li -" ~" ~..;;J;J,;,[] ;... r,l E::\ CONTR.OL DATA \!:I r::!J CORPORATION SYSTEM SUMMARY CYBER 18 COMPUTER SYSTEMS CONTR.OL DATA CORrORi\TlON I. ) I ...-l n ~------------------~---------------------------- CONTROL DATA@ c CYBER 18 COMPUTER SYSTEMS c c c c----~-------------------------------- c C fl L-.. SYSTEM SUMMARY ,.. L__ ~ r ~ I \.... l j REVISION RECORD r REVISION DESCRIPTION 01 Preliminary edition released. LJ (3/76) 02 Manual updated. r (4/76) L.-" A Manual,updated and released. (2/77) r L_J I' L_J r"" ~ ,.. L.J ( "- r"" L. r~ L.J r"" L.. I' '''L ,.. L. Publication No. ,- 96767850 L.J Address comments concerning this r- manual to: l_ • Control Data Corporation r Publications and Graphics Division 4455 Eastgate Mall "'- © 1976, 1977 by Control Data Corporation La Jolla, California 92037 or use Comment Sheet in the back of LJ Printed in the United States of America this manual. rl l_J c LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES New features, as well as changes, deletions, and additions to information in this manual, are indicated by bars in the margins or by a dot near the page number if the entire page is affected. A bar by the page number indicates pagination rather than content has changed. PAGE REV PAGE REV PAGE REV PAGE REV PAGE REV -- Cover -- o Title -- ii, iii A iv blank v thru viii A c 1-1 thru 1-3 A 2-1 thru 2-6 A 3-1 thru 3-3 A 4-1, 4-2 . A 5-1 thru 5-23 A 6-1 thru 6-5 A 7-1 thru 7-12 A A-I thru A-8 A c Comment sheet A Envelope -- Back cover -- c c c c o 96767850 A iii/iv c' L, r~' L.., L._, ,r- . t\.... .. J I"' L., r--' W r--' LJ ,-. LJ r'" L .. L, ( L ..J L~ ;--1 LJ CONTENTS r-1 .J ......J 1 1 CYBER 18 1-1 Basic Instruction Set 5-6 Storage Reference 5-6 LJ 2. CYBER 18 SOFTWARE PRODUCTS 2-1 Register Reference 5-9 Inter.:.. Re gister 5-9 Operating Systems 2-1 Skip 5-9 Mass Storage Operating System (MSOS 5) 2-1 Shift 5-9 J Minimum Operating System (RTOS 3) 2-2 Enhanced Instructions 5-9 Languages 2-3 Enhanced Storage Reference 5'10 Macro Assembler 2-3 rl Field Reference 5-14 Cross Assembler (CLASS) 2-3 Enhanced Inter-Register 5-14 -..J Micro Assembler 2-3 Enhanced Skip 5-14 FORTRAN 2-3 Decrement and Repeat 5'-14 1""1 PASCAL 2-5 Miscellaneous 5-14 BASIC 2-6 u Interrupt System 5-17 RPGII 2-6 Interrupt Trap Locations 5-17 Mask Register 5-17 3 APPLICATION SOFTWARE PRODUCTS 3-1 Priority . 5-17 C TIMESHARE 3 3-1 Internal Interrupts 5-17 Manufacturing Industry Accounting System 3-1 Operation 5-17 rl Interactive Terminal-Oriented System 3-2 Program Protect 5-19 I Executive 3-2 Program Protect Violations 5-19 --..J Terminal Handler 3-2 Storage Parity Errors Related to File/Data Manager 3-2 Program Protection 5-19 Text Editor 3-2 Set/Clear Program Protect Bit 5-19 [=:J Terminal File Utilities 3-3 Programming Requirements 5-19 Peripheral Equipment Pro tection 5-19 4 CYBER 18-05 BATCH TERMINAL 4-1 Input/Output 5-20 ~ Auto-Data Transfer 5-21 LJ Model Description 4-1 CYBER 18-05 Batch Terminal Controller 4-1 6 CYBER 18-20, 18-30 TIMESHARE Batch Terminal Controlware 4-1 COMPUTER CHARACTERISTICS 6-1 ~ CDC 200 User Terminal Emulation 4-1 w mM 2780 Emulation 4-2 Model Descriptions 5-1 IBM 3780 Emulation 4-2 CYBER 18-20 Processor 6-1 r-l 1870-1 512 Instruction l\-licro Memory 6-2 5 CYBER 18-10M COMPUTER 1870-2 2-48 Instruction Micro Memory 6-3 ...J CHARACTERISTICS 5-1 1882-16 MOS Main Memory Storage 6-3 1882-32 MOS Main Memory Storage 6-3 Model Descriptions 5-1 1874-1 ECC MOS Array, 192K Bytes 6-3 '-1 CYBER 18-10M Processor 5-1 Main Memory 6-3 1870-1 512 Instruction Micro Memory 5-1 --..I Central Processor 6-3 1870-2 2048 Instruction Micro Memory 5-1 Macro Instruction Set 6-3 1882-16 MOS Main Memory Storage 5-1 ~1 Micro Instruction Formats 6-4 1882-32 MOS Main Memory Storage 5-1 ,~ Central Processor 5-1 7 ST ANDARD PERIPHERALS 7-1 Arithmetic/Logical Unit Data Transfer 5-3 --1. Transforms 5-5 1811-1 Console Display 7-1 I/O-TTY Module 5-5 1811-2 Operators Console 7-1 ~j CYBER 18-10M Instruction Description 5-6 1828-1 Card Reader/Line Printer Controller 7-1 Instruction Format 5-6 1828-2 Card Reader/Line Printer Controller/ I Communication Line Adapter 7-2 -J r----. I -...J -J 96767850 A v 11 l,.. r-' L r-- ('- 1829-30 Card Reader 7-2 1860-1 Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-6 \ ..... ~ 1829-60 Card Reader 7-2 1860-72 Magnetic Tape Transport 7-6 1827-2 Impact Printer 7-2 1860-2 Dual Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-6 l. .... J 1827-30/31 Line Printer 7-3 1860-3 Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-6 1827-60 Line Printer 7-3 1860-92 Magnetic Tape Transport 7-6 1833-4 Cartridge Disk Controller 7-3 1860-4 Dual Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-7 T' 1866-12 Cartridge Disk Drive 7-4 1860-5 Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-7 L., 1866-14 Cartridge Disk Drive 7-4 1860-95 Magnetic Tape Transport 7-7 1833-1 Storage Module Drive Interface 7-4 1860-6 Dual Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-8 r--- 1833-2 Storage Module Drive Interface - 1843-1 Communication Line Adapter 7-8 Dual CPU 7-4 1843-2 Eight-Channel Communication Line l_J 1833-3 Storage Module Drive Control Unit 7-4 Adapter 7-8 1867-10 Storage Module Drive 7-4 1850-1 1500 Series Equipment Adapter 7-8 r.;.. 1867-20 Storage Module Drive 7-5 1862-1 Paper Tape Read/Punch Controller 7-8 1833-5 Flexible Disk Drive Controller 7-5 CYBER 18 Configurator 7-9 L, 1865 Flexible Disk Drive 7-5 r- LJ APPENDIX r- l-l A MACRO INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES A-I , -. L.. FIGURES /'_. 1\, .._l 1-1 CYBER 18 Series Product Family 1-1 7-4 1827 -7 Impact Printer 7-3 2-1 CYBER 18 Mass Storage Operating 7-5 1827-30 Line Printer 7-3 r-- System (MSOS 5) 2-1 7-6 1827-60 Line Printer 7-3 2-2 CYBER 18 Mass Storage FORTRAN 2-4 7-7 1866 Cartridge Disk Drive 7-4 l._' 4-1 Typical CYBER 18-05 Configuration 4-2 7-8 1867 Storage Module Drive 7-5 5-1 Detailed Block Diagram of CYBER 18-10M 7-9 1865 Flexible Disk Drive 7-5 r-~ Processor 5-2 7-10 1860-1 Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-6 L.J 5-2 Typical CYBER IS-10M Configuration 5-3 7-11 1860-4 Dual Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-7 6-1 Typical CYBER 18-20 Configuration 6-1 7-12 1860-5 Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-7 r'-' 6-2 Typical CYBER 18-30 Timeshare 7-13 1860-6 Dual Magnetic Tape Subsystem 7-8 Configuration 6-2 7-14 CYBER 18-05 Configurator 7-9 l. 6-3 Micro Instruction Formats 6-4 7-15 CYBER 18-10M Configurator 7-10 7-1 1811-1 Console Display 7-1 7-16 CYBER 18-20 Configurator 7-11 r 7-2 1811-2 Operators Console 7-1 7-17 CYBER 18-30 Timeshare Configurator 7-12 7-3 1829-30 Card Reader 7-2 L. r-' TABLES l ro- 1-1 CYBER 18 Product Line General 5-3 Enhanced Storage Reference Instruction l __ Characteristics 1-2 Addresses 5-11 5-1 Mask Register/Interrupt Addresses 5-5 5-4 Interrupt State Definitions 5-17 5-2 Storage Reference Instruction Addressing 5-8 r--- L. .-' - - \.. vi 96767850 A \.-. r l._) 0 r-1 PREFACE I I \ \~-) \"1 l-.J This manual provides general information on the CDC@ product family (that is, hardware, software, mainten­ C CYBER 18 family of small computer systems. More ance, education, and customer support) are available detailed information on all aspects of the CYBER 18 through your local Control Data sales representative. n l.7J n LJ r-l Iw 0 0 [:) 11 Li n lj rl lJ rJ ,--1 -1 ] l -.J ~', ( ) ./ -.J 96767850 A vii 'l J , -- ~ £!W. t;;;;"J;Qj ... CYBER 18 SYSTEM viii 96767850 A r-1 J r--l CYBER 18 1 -, 'i " _./ '*#'M'fti iM,." .,,;+' Sf ·-'1 J The CYBER 18 is a series of general-purpose micro­ reducing the amount of irregular logic in a processor J programmable processors designed for application to a and allowing greater use of MSI/LSI circuitry. This broad range of requirements. One basic hardware de­ approach allows high-volume production of nearly iden­ sign, made up of modular elements, serves a variety of tical processors that can be tuned to a specific applica­ 'l functions, permitting a high degree of standardization. tion by including a selected instruction set in the micro ,.J memory, thus specifying a different virtual machine. The operation of the CYBER 18 is controlled by a The micro-programming technology provides the flexi­ rl "micro" program in semiconductor memory, referred bility to offer new architectures for general-purpose to as micro memory. The micro program reads macro computers with emulation capabilities and for controllers U instructions from main memory and decodes them for where emulation is not an important factor.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (52) Cont~Ol Data
    C) (52) CONT~OL DATA literature and Distribution Services ~~.) 308 North Dale Street I st. Paul. Minnesota 55103 rJ 1 August 29, 1983 "r--"-....." (I ~ __ ,I Dear Customer: Attached is the third (3) catalog supplement since the 1938 catalog was published . .. .·Af ~ ~>J if-?/t~--62--- G. F. Moore, Manager Literature & Distribution Services ,~-" l)""... ...... I _._---------_._----_._----_._-------- - _......... __ ._.- - LOS CATALOG SUPPLEPtENT -- AUGUST 1988 Pub No. Rev [Page] TITLE' [ extracted from catalog entry] Bind Price + = New Publication r = Revision - = Obsolete r 15190060 [4-07] FULL SCREEN EDITOR (FSEDIT) RM (NOS 1 & 2) .......•...•.•...•••........... 12.00 r 15190118 K [4-07] NETWORK JOB ENTRY FACILITY (NJEF) IH8 (NOS 2) ........................... 5.00 r 15190129 F [4-07] NETWORK JOB ENTRY FACILITY (NJEF) RM (NOS 2) .........•.......•........... + 15190150 C [4-07] NETWORK TRANSFER FACILITY (NTF) USAGE (NOS/VE) .......................... 15.00 r 15190762 [4-07] TIELINE/NP V2 IHB (L642) (NOS 2) ........................................ 12.00 r 20489200 o [4-29] WREN II HALF-HEIGHT 5-114" DISK DRIVE ................................... + 20493400 [4-20] CDCNET DEVICE INTERFACE UNITS ........................................... + 20493600 [4-20] CDCNET ETHERNET EQUIPMENT ............................................... r 20523200 B [4-14] COMPUTER MAINTENANCE SERVICES - DEC ..................................... r 20535300 A [4-29] WREN II 5-1/4" RLL CERTIFIED ............................................ r 20537300 A [4-18] SOFTWARE
    [Show full text]
  • Systed. Volue 4: Design Of
    NASA CR-132hO4 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AEROSPACE-VEHICLE DESIGN (IPAD) SYSTEM by C. A. Garrocq, M. J. Hurley et al VOLUME IV DESIGN OF THE IPAD SYSTEM PART I - IPAD SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (PHASE I, TASK 2) 20 August 1973 Publicly Released February 10, 1978 -l Prepared Under Contract No.NAS-1-11431 by - NERAL DYNAMICS/CONVAIR AEROSPACE DIVISION C% San Diego, California NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRIO1 (NASA-CR-L132qoq) FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN N78-16007 INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AEROSPACE-VEHICLE DESIGN (IPtfl),SYSTED. VOLUE 4: DESIGN OF . 1/r OT THE IPAD SYSTEM. PART 1: IPAD SYSTEM Unclas SDESIGN_ (General Dynamics/Convair) 250 p HC'03/02 02561 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN INTEGRATED PROGRAM FOR AEROSPACE-VEHICLE DESIGN (IPAD) SYSTEM VOLUME I - SUMMARY VOLUME II - CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IPAD SYSTEM (PHASE I, TASK 1) VOLUME III - ENGINEERING CREATIVE/EVALUATION PROCESSES (PHASE I, TASK 1) VOLUME IV - DESIGN OF THE IPAD SYSTEM PART I - IPAD SYSTEM DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (PHASE I, TASK 2) VOLUME V - DESIGN OF THE IPAD SYSTEM PART II - SYSTEM DESIGN PART III - GENERAL PURPOSE UTILITIES (PHASE I, TASK 2) VOLUME VI - IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE DEVELOPMENT COSTS OPERATIONAL COSTS BENEFIT ASSESSMENT IMPACT ON COMPANY ORGANIZATION SPIN-OFF ASSESSMENT (PHASE II, TASKS 3 to 8) FOREWORD This investigation was conducted for the NASA Langley Research Center by the Convair Aerospace Division of General Dynamics Corpo­ ration under Contract NAS 1-11431. The NASA Technical Monitor was Dr. R. E. Fulton, Head, IPAD Technology Section, Design Technology Branch, Structures and Dynamics Division, assisted by Dr. J.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Minnesota a Study of Graphic Data Entry Methods for the Minnesota Land Management Information Systems (MLMIS)
    University of Minnesota A Study of Graphic Data Entry Methods For the Minnesota Land Management Information Systems (MLMIS) Technical Report 73008 Submitted to the University of Minnesota's Center for Urban and Regional Affairs (CURA) and to the Systems Director, MLMIS Project by the University Computer Center's Engineering Group A. Franck, Z. Strohoffer University of Minnesota A Study of Graphic Data Entry Methods for the Minnesota Land Management Information Systems (MLMIS) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective and Scope 1.2 Organization of this Report 1.3 Approach 1.4 Conclusions and Accommodations 1.5 Cost Estimates 2 CURRENT STATUS 2.1 Current Application and Procedure 2.1.1 The Application 2 .1.2 Data Entry 2.2 Major Problems 2.2.1 Technical Problems 2.2.2 Operational/Administrative Problems 2.2.3 Cost of Operation 3 ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES 3.1 Graphic Data Entry 3.1.1 Ideal Graphic Entry Device 3.2 Alternatives 3.2.1 Use of the CDC 3200 3.2.1.1 Use of the Current System 3.2.1.2 Restructuring of the Present System 3.2.1.2.1 Off-line Configurations 3.2.1.2.2 On-line Configurations 3.2.2 Use of the CDC 6600 3.2.2.1 Possible System Configurations 4 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Digitizers 4.2 Computer Controlled Displays 5 HARDWARE PRESENTATION 5.1 Data Entry Devices 5.1.1 Discrete Digitizer 5.1. 2 Ultrasonic Digitizer 5.1. 3 Desktop Digitizer 5.2 Data Storage Devices 5.2.1 Punched Card 5.2.2 Incremental Tape Recorder 5.2.3 Tape Cassette 5.2.4 Paper Tape 5.3 Systems 5.3.1 Digitizers 5.3.2 Interactive CRT Terminals with Light-pen 5.3.3 Other Display Terminals 5.4 PDP-8 to Computer Interfaces 5.4.1 PDP-8-E to CDC 3200 5.4.2 PDP-8-E to CDC 6600 Appendix 1 Incremental Tape Transports Appendix 2 Display Specifications Appendix 3 DEC PDP-8/CDC 3200 Interface 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter sets forth the objective and scope of the study, dis­ cusses the approach used and presents the outline of this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Icase Interim Report 6
    NASA Contractor Report 181764 ICASE INTERIM REPORT 6 A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PARALLEL AND VECTOR NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS James M. Ortega, Robert G. Voigt, and Charles H. Romine - NASA Contract No. NAS1-18107, NASI-18605 December 1988 (EASA-CR- 181764) A BXELIOGEIFHY 08 PARALLEL N89-163Sb A10 VLCICG IUBBBICAL ALGORIILt5 Iinal Report OASA) 90 CSCL 0913 Unclar G3/61 0169713 INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665 Operated by the Universities Space Research Association National Aeronautics and Space Ad ministration Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23665-5225 ICASE INTERIM REPORTS ICASE has introduced a new report series to be called ICASE lntcrim Reports. The series will complement the more familiar blue ICASE reports that have becn distributed for many years. The blue reports are intended as preprints of research that has been submitted for publication in either rcferccd journals or conference proceedings. In general, the green Interim Report will not be submit- ted for publication, at least not in its printed form. It will be used for research that has reached a certain level of maturity but needs additional refinement, for technical reviews or position statements, for bibliographies, and for computer software. The Interim Reports will receive the same distribution as the ICASE Reports. They will be available upon request in the future, and they may be referenced in other publications. Robert G. Voigt Director i A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PARALLEL AND VECTOR NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS JAMES M. ORTEGA', ROBERT G. VOIGTt AND CHARLES H. ROlllINEt Since parallel and vector computation is expanding rapidly, we hope that the refer- ences we have collected over the years will be of some value to researchers entering the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Various Computers Using Standard Linear Equations Software
    ———————— CS - 89 - 85 ———————— Performance of Various Computers Using Standard Linear Equations Software Jack J. Dongarra* Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-1301 Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 University of Manchester CS - 89 - 85 June 15, 2014 * Electronic mail address: dongarra@eecs.utk.edu. An up-to-date version of this report can be found at http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/performance.ps This work was supported in part by the Applied Mathematical Sciences subprogram of the Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-96OR22464, and in part by the Science Alliance a state supported program at the University of Tennessee. 6/15/2014 2 Performance of Various Computers Using Standard Linear Equations Software Jack J. Dongarra Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-1301 Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 University of Manchester June 15, 2014 Abstract This report compares the performance of different computer systems in solving dense systems of linear equations. The comparison involves approximately a hundred computers, ranging from the Earth Simulator to personal computers. 1. Introduction and Objectives The timing information presented here should in no way be used to judge the overall performance of a computer system. The results reflect only one problem area: solving dense systems of equations. This report provides performance information on a wide assortment of computers ranging from the home-used PC up to the most powerful supercomputers. The information has been collected over a period of time and will undergo change as new machines are added and as hardware and software systems improve.
    [Show full text]
  • Ond John Shelley Ad
    Xl-PERIAL Cf.)LLEGE AND 1.1.....ONNOLOGY 11-1PERTij. COL1' A RATIONALE AND DESIGN OF A MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM FOR SCHOOLS OD COLLEGEZ by FREDERICK ES1!OND JOHN SHELLEY A Dissertation Submitted for the Master of Philosophy Degree Nownribe*. 1979 CONTENTS Section Page Number ABSTRACT 1 Acknowledgements 2 Note on Assistance from others 3 Acronym List 4 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. THE IMPERIAL COLLEGE 'COMPUTING IN SCHOOLS PROJECT' 7 2.1. A Brief History of the Schools Project 7 2.1.1. History and Purpose 7 2.1.2. The Computer Systems 8 2.1.3. Methods of Access 9 2.1.3.1. A Batch Service 9 2.1.3..2. A Time Sharing Service 10 2.1.40 Supporting Activities 11 2.1.5. Financial & Personnel Support 13 2.1.6. A Decade of Developments 15 2.2. Comparison with Other Projects 15 2.2.1, Similar Work on a Regional Basis 16 2.2.1.1, ILEA 16 2.2.1.2. Birmingham Schools Computing 17 2.2.1.3. Merseyside Schools Computing Project 17 2.2.1.4. The Hertfordshire AUCBE 18 2.2.1.5. Durham Project 18 2.2.1.6. Conclusions on Regional Centres 19 2.2.2. Single Institutions 20 2.2.3. The Unique Position of the ICSP 20 2.3. The ICSP during 1977 to 1979 20 2.4. Conclusions 21 3. A RATIONALE FOR A MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM FOR SCHOOLS 22 3.1. Availability of Cheap & Personal Systems 22 3.1.1. The Components of the Traditional Computing System 22 3.1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Computers
    DEFINING COMPUTERS “A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high- speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.” “A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.” “A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.” “A device used for computing, specially, an electronic machine which, by means of stored instructions and information, performs rapid, often complex calculations or compiles, correlates, and selects data.” “A data processor that can perform substantial computation, including numerous arithmetic and logic operations, without intervention by a human operator during the run.” “A computer is an electronic device that accepts data and instructions, processes the data according to the set of instructions, and produces the desired information.” “A computer is a device capable of solving problems by accepting data, performing described operations on the data and supplying the results of these operations.” Also refer - ANUBHA JAIN, DEEPSHIKHA BHARGAVA & DIVYA ARORA- RBD Publications Chapter No. 1 Page No. 1.1 & 1.2 A SIMPLE MODEL OF COMPUTER (FUNDAMENTALS) In this you have to explain various components of a computer system. Some are as under- 1) Monitor 2) Speakers 3) Keyboard 4) Mouse 5) Printer 6) Scanner 7) Cabinet (Consist of various components like – mother board , ram , hard disk etc.) As Shown in picture below- Also refer - ANUBHA JAIN, DEEPSHIKHA BHARGAVA & DIVYA ARORA- RBD Publications Chapter No.
    [Show full text]
  • Vacuum Tubes
    1. First Generation (1940 to 1956): Using Vacuum Tubes Hardware Technology The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. The input to the computer was through punched cards and paper tapes. The output was displayed as printouts. Software Technology The instructions were written in machine language, assembly language. Machine language uses 0s and 1s for coding of the instructions. The first generation computers could solve one problem at a time. In this generation mainly batch processing operating system were used. Stored program concept Computing Characteristics The computation time was in milliseconds. Physical Appearance These computers were enormous in size and required a large room for installation. Application They were used for scientific applications as they were the fastest computing device of their time. Examples UNIVAC-1, MARK -1, ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, IBM-701, IBM-650 The main features of First Generation are Vacuum tube technology 1) Unreliable 6) Huge size 2) Supported Machine language only 7) Need of A.C. 3) Very costly 8) Non portable 4) Generate lot of heat 9) Consumed lot of electricity 5) Slow Input/output device Vacuum Tubes In 904, John Ambrose Fleming invented the first practical electron tube called the ‘Fleming Valve’. Feming invents the vacuum tube diode. In 1906, Lee de Forest invented the ‘audion’ later called the triode, an improvement on the ‘Fleming Valve’ tube. 2. Second Generation (1956 to 1963): Using Transistors Hardware Technology Transistors replaced the vacuum tubes of the first generation of computers. The second generation computers used magnetic core technology for primary memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Tems of Marginal, *
    .1 &COMMENT RESUME ED 148396 IR 005 573 TITLE Academic Computing Directory. A Search for Eiemplary Institutions Using Computers for- Learning and Teaching. IINSTITUTION Human Resources Research-Organization, Alexandria, Va. ' SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Wash ington, D.C. PUB DATE 77'* GRANT SED-76-15399 NOTE 125p. EDRS PRICE NSF -$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Colleges; *Computer Assisted instruction; *Computer Oriented Programs; *Computers; *Demonstration Programs; *Directories; Elementary Schools; Secondary Schools; *Teaching; Universities \ABSTRACT' This directory identifies some of the schools, colleges, and universities that successfully use computers for learning and teaching in' the United States-. It was compiled to help teadherp,-administratOrs, computer center, vorkers,,and-other--,---,- educators exchange information, ideas, programs, and courses. Individuals listed kscontacts are willing,to share their knowledge with others. Nineti-four elementary and seCondary schools, 71 public school districtipkcommunity Colleges; 158 private and public* Colleges and.universitiosi.:and. seven public access' institution's are listed. Entr4,,fasrei a#4 !ngeil geqgraphically by state for each type,of institution;:ana'includ-kiOlogs;atiOn on reasons for inclusion, enrcilIment'; 4*ers; ilf4Stitilid'appliCations, computers, terminals, publicinformationdia,./Conet=1 A list of exemplary institutions At aCademic.,zeOmplitipi4taGhed.:(AUthor/KP) ' ",,,+ ),'; ' I , .1*./ ,r; ,zz**#******************************************************************** 1- *- Documehts acquired byERIC include many ingormal unpublished * materials not, available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. tems ofmarginal, * * .reprodlicibility are oftenencountered andthis'affects the quality * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC takes available * * via the ERIC' Document Reproduction.Service (EDRS). tDRSs not '1411trasponsible for the quality of the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Service? Or Not Enough?
    Varian launches the software revolution VORTEX: a real-time operating system built to match and enhance the speed capabilities of the 620f. Hands down, it is the most powerful minicomputer package you can buy. The 620f is the minicomputer definition of "fast"; not just memory cycle time, but in total speed, the combination of memory cycle time, address modes and instruction set. And VORTEX ta kes it from there. It's a perfect balance of foreground and background, real-time and batch. A rich implementation of a real-time system with a major enhancement of file management system and program preparation in background. Overlay capabili­ ties provide background and foreground program with vir­ tual memories in excess of 32,000 words. And VORTEX incorporates every salient feature of MOS, our powerful Master Operati ng System. VORTEX partitioning of core and disc memories pro­ vides a floating balance between foreground and background according to need. Even in its minimum configuration, the 620f/VORTEX system is tremendously powerful and has strong competitive advantages over much more expensive computers; systems such as IBM 1800, CDC 1700 and XDS Sigma 3. In minicomputers, no one else even comes close. Look into VORTEX. It is the most important development in minicomputer operating systems since programs moved out of hard wiring. Our literature packet will show you how and why. Send for it. And stay ahead of the revolution. Varian Data Machines, 2722 Michelson Drive, Irvine, Californio 92664. (714) 833-2400. CIRCLE 1 ON READER CARD Nil TAllY PRINTER TIRMINAl 100 lines per minute, install it, forget it.
    [Show full text]
  • Cdc@ Cyber 18 Processor with Mos Memory
    ,- I \ "'---/ 96768300 ) ('./ €: 2) CONTROL DATA r" . '" CO I\PO R<\TION ( ! '-.....--" 0 0 0 CDC@ CYBER 18 PROCESSOR C" / WITH MOS MEMORY 0 MACRO LEVEL 0 0 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OPERATING PROCEDURE r~ PROCESSOR INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION " INTERRUPT SYSTEM 0 PROGRAM PROTECT I/O DEVICES 0 0 0 0 1& 0 0 (r---.., ) --....../ 0 HARDWARE REFERENCE MANUAL () '--....../ o LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES o New features', as well as changes, deletions, and additions to information in this manual, are indicated by bars in the margins or by a dot o near the page number if the entire page Is affected. A bar by the page number indicates pagination rather than content has changed. o PAGE REV PAGE REV PAGE REV PAGE REV PAGE ;' REV Cover -- c) Title P~ge -- ii B iii/iv B v/vi A o vii A viii A 1-1 thru 1-7 A o 2-1 thru 2-6 A 4-1 thru o 4-14 A 4-15 B 4-16 thru 4-29 A 5-1 A r 6-1 A 7-1 thru 7-4 A L A-I A A-2 A B-1 thru B-4 A C-l thru C-8 A Comment Sheetl Mailer B o Cover -- o o o o o 96768300 B iii/iv /' ''-. r-"" '-- ( '. '-- r\ C~ #I (' \...,--- {~ \ ....... __ .,.. r I. '---' (' \... " ( '., /' c c ( c (~. o PREFACE The micro-programmable processor emulates the 1700 Additional information on CDC software applicable to the family of computers. Readers of this document should be micro-programmable processor system can be found in the o familiar with the CDC ® 1700 Series computers and their following publications: associated hardware.
    [Show full text]
  • Business School Computer Usage, Fourth Annual UCLA Survey. INSTITUTION California Univ., Los Angeles
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 291 293 HE 021 160 AUTHOR Frand, Jason L.; And Others TITLE Business School Computer Usage, Fourth Annual UCLA Survey. INSTITUTION California Univ., Los Angeles. Graduate School of Management. SPONS AGENCY Digital Equipment Corp., Maynard, Mass. PUB DATE Sep 87 NOTE 93p. AVAILABLE FROMInformation Systems Research Program, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1481 ($7.50). PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Business Administration Education; Computer Assisted Instruction; Computer Managed Instruction; Computer Oriented Programs; *Computer Software; *Computer Uses in Education; Higher Education; *Microcomputers; National Surveys; Programing Languages; School Surveys; Telecommunications IDENTIFIERS *Business Schools; Canada ABSTRACT The changing nature of the business school computing environment is monitored in a report whose purpose is to provide deans and other policy-makers with information to use in making allocation decisions and program plans. This survey focuses on resource allocations of 249 accredited U.S. business schools and 15 Canadian schools. A total of 128 schools completed the 13-page questionnaire, yielding a 48% response rate. The report is divided into nine sections: (1) introduction; (2) profile of surveyed schools (demographics, budgets); (3) computer resources (mainframes, minicomputers, and computing staff and services); (4) microcomputers (models and market penetration, microcomputer densities, acquisition and
    [Show full text]