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Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults
Pepperdine Law Review Volume 7 Issue 3 Article 6 4-15-1980 Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults Joey Peter Moore Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr Part of the First Amendment Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Joey Peter Moore Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults , 7 Pepp. L. Rev. Iss. 3 (1980) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr/vol7/iss3/6 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Caruso School of Law at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pepperdine Law Review by an authorized editor of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults Since the horror of Jonestown, religious cults have been a frequent sub- ject of somewhat speculative debate. Federal and state governments, and private groups alike have undertaken exhaustive studies of these "cults" in order to monitor and sometimes regulate their activities, and to publicize their often questionable tenets and practices. The author offers a compre- hensive overview of these studies, concentrating on such areas as recruit- ment, indoctrination, deprogramming, fund raising, and tax exemption and evasion. Additionally, the author summarizes related news events and profiles to illustrate these observations,and to provide the stimulusfor further thought and analysis as to the impact these occurrences may have on the future of religion and religiousfreedom. I. INTRODUCTION An analysis of public opinion would likely reveal that the exist- ence of religious cults' is a relatively new phenomenon, but his- torians, social scientists and students of religion alike are quick to point out that such groups, though cyclical in nature, have simi- 2 larly prospered and have encountered adversity for centuries. -
Researching New Religious Movements
Researching New Religious Movements ‘The most important “first” that this book achieves is its bold questioning of the whole intellectual apparatus of the sociology of religion as it has been applied to the understanding of the new religious movements. I am confident that Elisabeth Arweck’s study will quickly become required reading in the sociology of new religious movements.’ Professor David Martin, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, London School of Economics, University of London ‘Powerful and original . it succeeds triumphantly in being at the same time an important, high-quality academic study and a book for our times.’ Professor David Marsland, Professorial Research Fellow in Sociology, University of Buckingham New religious movements such as Scientology, Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Unification Church (Moonies) are now well established in mainstream cul- tural consciousness. However, responses to these ‘cult’ groups still tend to be overwhelmingly negative, characterized by the furious reactions that they evoke from majority interests. Modern societies need to learn how to respond to such movements and how to interpret their benefits and dangers. Researching New Religious Movements provides a fresh look at the history and development of ‘anti-cult’ groups and the response of main- stream churches to these new movements. In this unique reception study, Elisabeth Arweck traces the path of scholarship of new religious move- ments, exploring the development of research in this growing field. She con- siders academic and media interventions on both sides, with special emphasis on the problems of objectivity inherent in terminologies of ‘sects’, ‘cults’, and ‘brainwashing’. Ideal for students and researchers, this much- needed book takes the debate over new religious movements to a more sophisticated level. -
Cults, Deprogrammers, and the Necessity Defense
Michigan Law Review Volume 80 Issue 2 1981 Cults, Deprogrammers, and the Necessity Defense Michigan Law Review Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Family Law Commons, Law and Psychology Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Michigan Law Review, Cults, Deprogrammers, and the Necessity Defense, 80 MICH. L. REV. 271 (1981). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol80/iss2/5 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTES Cults, Deprogrammers, and the Necessity Defense As membership in religious "cults"1 has increased dramatically during the last decade,2 public concern for the welfare of cult mem bers, who are largely young adults,3 has also risen apace.4 As a re sult, many parents have taken drastic action to protect their children from these groups. Some parents have gained temporary legal con trol over their children, 5 but attempts to work within the legal system I. In Peterson v. Sorlien, 299 N.W.2d 123, 126 (Minn. 1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 1031 (1981), the Minnesota Supreme Court stated: "The word 'cult' is not used pejoratively but in its dictionary sense to describe an unorthodox system of belief characterized by '[g]reat or excessive devotion to some person, idea, or thing.'" (citing WEBSTER'S NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE UNABRIDGED 552 (1976)). -
Combatting CULT MIND CONTROL
Combatting CULT MIND CONTROL STEVEN HASSAN IIIIIIIHII Park Street Press / dedicate this book to people all over the world who have ever experienced the loss of their personal freedom, in the hope that it might help ease their suffering. Park Street Press One Park Street Rochester, VT 05767 Copyright © 1988, 1990 by Steven Hassan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hassan, Steven. Combatting cult mind control / Steven Hassan, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-89281-311-3 1. Cults—Controversial literature. 2. Cults—Psychological aspects. 3. Hassan, Steven. I. Title. BP603.H375 1990 306'. I—dc20 90-43697 CIP Printed and bound in the United States 10 98765432 Park Street Press is a division of Inner Traditions International, Ltd. Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Book Center, Inc., Montreal, Quebec Contents Foreword by Margaret Singer xiii Preface xvii Chapter 1 Exit-Counseling: The Background 1 Chapter 2 My Life in the Unification Church 12 Chapter 3 The Threat: Mind Control Cults Today 35 Chapter 4 Understanding Mind Control 53 Chapter 5 Cult Psychology 76 Chapter 6 Cult Assessment: How to Protect Yourself 95 Chapter 7 Exit-Counseling: Freedom Without Coercion 112 Chapter 8 How to Help 132 Chapter 9 Unlocking Cult Mind Control 148 Chapter 10 Strategies for Recovery 168 Chapter 11 The Next Step 187 Appendix Lifton's Eight Criteria of Mind Control 200 Resource Organizations 206 Endnotes 211 Bibliography 221 Index 233 About the Author 237 I Acknowledgments With heartfelt gratitude, I thank my parents, Milton and Estelle Hassan, for all their love and support. -
Religious Cults and the First Amendment Craig Andrews Parton
Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal Volume 9 | Number 2 Article 4 1-1-1986 When Courts Come Knocking at the Cult's Door: Religious Cults and the First Amendment Craig Andrews Parton Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_comm_ent_law_journal Part of the Communications Law Commons, Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Craig Andrews Parton, When Courts Come Knocking at the Cult's Door: Religious Cults and the First Amendment, 9 Hastings Comm. & Ent. L.J. 279 (1986). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_comm_ent_law_journal/vol9/iss2/4 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Courts Come Knocking At The Cult's Door: Religious Cults And The First Amendment by CRAIG ANDREWS PARTON* I Introduction [T]he wrong of these things, as I see it, is not in the money the victims part with half so much as in the mental and spiri- tual poison they get. But that is precisely the thing the Consti- tution put beyond the reach of the prosecutor, for the price of freedom of religion or of speech or of the press is that we must put up with, and even pay for, a good deal of rubbish .... Justice Jackson in United States v. Ballard.1 Nathan2 is a second semester freshman at Indiana Univer- sity. -
Deprogramming Members of Religious Sects
Fordham Law Review Volume 46 Issue 4 Article 1 1978 Deprogramming Members of Religious Sects John E. LeMoult Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation John E. LeMoult, Deprogramming Members of Religious Sects , 46 Fordham L. Rev. 599 (1978). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol46/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Deprogramming Members of Religious Sects Cover Page Footnote A.B., Xavier University; LL.B., Fordham University. Mr. LeMoult is a member of the law firm of Karpatkin, Pollet & LeMoult. This article is available in Fordham Law Review: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol46/iss4/1 DEPROGRAVMNG MEMBERS OF RELIGIOUS SECTS JOHN E. LeMOULT* I. INTRODUCTION T he conflict between established cultures and new religions is an ancient one. It is parallel to and part of the conflict of the generations, the parent-child struggle, youth's quest for identity through conversion, and age's need to preserve meaning and purpose through established values. It is also part of the ongoing friction between established socio-political institutions and the new ideas that transform those institutions. In times past, society's intolerance of new religions was easily implemented. Early Christians were crucified. Later, members of Christian sects perceived as heretical were burned at the stake, or tortured into submission. -
The Deprogramming Controversy: an Analysis and an Alternative
THE FACT PATTERN BEHIND THE DEPROGRAMMING CONTROVERSY: AN ANALYSIS AND AN ALTERNATIVE DICK ANTHONY I INTRODUCTION This article will review the controversy surrounding legal support of de- programming and anti-cult psychotherapy as remedies for the mental health problems associated with new religious movements. The "anti-cult" move- ment, comprised primarily of concerned relatives of converts and led by men- tal health professionals and lawyers, has developed an analysis of these issues which has dominated media coverage. I This analysis, however, ignores the social and cultural background of the widespread motivation for conversion to these groups.- According to the anti-cult movement, individual motives for conversion are nonexistent. Instead, the proselytization techniques used by the cults are allegedly so seductive that the individual is "brainwashed" by the cult 3 and has no control over his or her decision to join.4 Constitutional protection of freedom of religion therefore does not apply to these groups, or so the argu- ment goes, because freedom of religion requires freedom of thought as a prior condition. 5 1. Soloman, Integrating The Moonie Experience, in IN GODS WE TRUST: NEW PAT- TERNS OF RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN AMERICA (T. Robbins & D. Anthony eds. 1980); A. SHUPE & D. BROMLEY, THE NEW VIGILANTES: ANTI-CULTISTS, DEPROGRAMMERS AND THE NEW RELIGIONS (1980). 2. See generally R. WUTHNOw, THE CONSCIOUSNESS REFORMATION (1976); R. WUTHNOw, EXPERIMENTATION IN AMERICAN RELIGION: THE NEW MYSTICISMS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CHURCHES (1978); Bellah, Ness, Religious Consciousness and the Crisis in Modernity, in THE NEW RELIGIOUS CONSCIOUSNESS 333 (C. Glock & R. Bellah eds. 1976). 3. -
Eileen Barker the Cult As a Social Problem
Eileen Barker The cult as a social problem Book section Original citation: Originally published in Barker, Eileen (2010) The cult as a social problem. In: Hjem, Titus, (ed.) Religion and social problems. Routledge Advances in Sociology . Routledge, New York, USA, pp. 198-212. ISBN 9780415800563 © 2010 The Author This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/50874/ Available in LSE Research Online: November 2013 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s submitted version of the book section. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Page 1 of 13 The Cult as a Social Problem Eileen Barker Jesus was undoubtedly a problem – as were the early Christians, Mohammed and the early Muslims, and Wesley and the early Methodists. Today, L. Ron Hubbard and the Church of Scientology, Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam, Li Hongzhi and Falun Gong; Osama bin Laden and Al Qaida have all been considered a threat not only to their individual followers but also to the very fabric of society. -
The Anti-Cult Ideology and FECRIS: Dangers for Religious Freedom a White Paper
The Anti-Cult Ideology and FECRIS: Dangers for Religious Freedom A White Paper Luigi Berzano University of Torino, Italy Boris Falikov Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia Willy Fautré Human Rights Without Frontiers, Brussels, Belgium Liudmyla Filipovich Department of Religious Studies, Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine Massimo Introvigne Center for Studies on New Religions, Torino, Italy Bernadette Rigal-Cellard University Bordeaux-Montaigne, Bordeaux, France Torino, Italy: Bitter Winter, 2021 1. The Anti-Cult Ideology In 2020, the USCIRF (United States Commission on International Religious Freedom), a bipartisan commission of the U.S. federal government, identified the anti-cult ideology as a major threat to international religious liberty (USCIRF 2020). The anti-cult ideology, or anti-cultism, is based on the idea that “religions” and “cults” are different. “Cults,” it claims, are not religions, although they may falsely claim to be religious. While religions are joined freely, “victims” join “cults” because of the latter’s coercive practices. International terminology needs a preliminary clarification. The derogatory English word “cult” should not be translated with “culte” in French, and similar words in other languages. As scholars of religion have noticed from decades, the French word having the same derogatory meaning of the English “cult” is “secte,” rather than “culte.” “Cult” should be translated with “secte” in French, and in turn “secte” should be translated with “cult”—not with “sect,” which does not have the same negative meaning (for example, the different mainline Buddhist schools are often referred to in English as “Buddhist sects,” with no negative judgment implied). -
Contributors
CoNTRIBUTORS JOLANTA AMBROSEWICZ-JACOBS is a researcher and lecturer at the Centre for European Studies of the J agiellonian University in Cracow. A native ofVllnius, she holds an M.A. and Ph.D. from the Jagiellonian University. She was a Fellow at the Center for the Study of Human Rights at Columbia University (1996), at the Simon Wiesenthal Center in New York ( 1997), and at the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs (2000-200 1 ). Ms. Ambrosewicz-Jacobs is currently co-chair ofthe working group "Education for Tolerance" of the OSCE/ODIHRAdvisory Panel of Experts on Free dom of Religion or Belief. She is a member of the European Consortium for Political Research's Standing Group on Extremism & Democracy and is involved in numerous educational projects that focus on social, ethnic, and religious prejudices, intercultural edu cation, and politics of reconciliation. Her areas of research and publications focus on the evaluation ofeffects ofeducation on attitudes, mechanisms ofxenophobia, and intolerance. ABDELFATTAH AMORis Chair of the United Nations Human Rights Committee. He was appointed United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief in 199 3. Mr. Amor is currently based at the faculty of juridical, political, and social science at the University ofTunis and has worked as a higher education lecturer since 1979. ARCHBISHOP DR. ANASTASIOS (YANNOULATOS) OF TIRANA AND ALL ALBANIA is Professor emeritus of the University ofAthens and a Corresp. Member of the Academy ofAthens. He studied Theology at the University ofAthens and History of Religions at the Universities of Hamburg and Marburg, Germany, with the Alexander von Rumbold scholarship. -
St. Thomas on Deprogramming: Is It Justifiable?
The Catholic Lawyer Volume 39 Number 2 Volume 39, Summer-Fall 1999 Article 2 Number 2-3 St. Thomas on Deprogramming: Is it Justifiable? Catherine Wong Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/tcl Part of the Catholic Studies Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Catholic Lawyer by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ST. THOMAS ON DEPROGRAMMING: IS IT JUSTIFIABLE? INTRODUCTION The anti-cult movement' began with families' and estab- lished religious groups" response to the significant and alarming rise in the number of new religious cults3 in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s.4 The process of deprogramming is 1 The anti-cult movement is a national movement, a response to the "simultane- ous emergence of the array of diverse new religious movements." ANSON D. SHUPE, JR. & DAVID G. BROMLEY, THE NEW VIGILANTES: DEPROGRAMMERS, ANTI-CULTISTS, AND THE NEW RELIGIONS 28 (1980). Shupe and Bromley note that the anti-cult movement is motivated by two distinct ideologies, the secular/rational and the re- ligious/theological. They employ two distinct metaphors to describe the social and psychological threats that cults impose upon individuals. See id. at 59-60. Belief in these differing metaphors led to advocacy of conflicting remedies for the cult prob- lem. See id. at 59. For example, those who believed that cultists were victims of de- ception "duped by virtue of their human weaknesses," rejected deprogramming as a solution. -
WEBINAR Freedom of Religion from the USCIRF Report On
WEBINAR Freedom of Religion From the USCIRF Report on Persecutions in Russia to Violations in Europe held on January 29, 2021 The webinar presents and discusses the recent annual USCIRF report, by the Policy Analyst Jason Morton, on the violations of religious freedom worldwide. The report has confirmed the concerns of LIREC, and other NGOs, for the persecution against religious minorities as Jehovah’s Witnesses, in Russia and elsewhere, carried out by some controversial anti-cult organizations. This is a problem that LIREC formerly brought to the attention of OSCE/ODIHR in 2013, when Italy was the object of recommendations due, precisely, to these associations’ legal and media-related activism. On the one hand, the USCIRF Report will hopefully allow for a greater international engagement in support of human rights in those areas; on the other hand, however, some anti-cult organizations like FECRIS (European Federation of Centers for Research and Information on Sectarianism), whose methods and purposes have been censured by the US commission, keep on carrying out its activities undisturbed in Europe. Index RAFFAELLA DI MARZIO, Director of the Center for Studies on Freedom of Religion Belief and Conscience (LIREC) Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3 LUIGI LACQUANITI, Former Deputy in Italy (2013 to 2017) Greeting address .....................................................................................................................................