DOCSLIB.ORG

Religious Totalism: Gentle and Ungentle Persuasion Under the First Amendment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Religious Totalism: Gentle and Ungentle Persuasion Under the First Amendment Alabama Law Scholarly Commons Articles Faculty Scholarship 1977 Religious Totalism: Gentle and Ungentle Persuasion under the First Amendment Richard Delgado University of Alabama - School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.ua.edu/fac_articles Recommended Citation Richard Delgado, Religious Totalism: Gentle and Ungentle Persuasion under the First Amendment, 51 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1 (1977). Available at: https://scholarship.law.ua.edu/fac_articles/403 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Alabama Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of Alabama Law Scholarly Commons. RELIGIOUS TOTALISM: GENTLE AND UNGENTLE PERSUASION UNDER THE FIRST AMENDMENT* RICHARD DELGADO** TABLE OF CONTENTS I. REGULATION OF RELIGION-BASED PROSELYTIZING: FIRST AMENDMENT LIMITATIONS ............................... 9 A. THE STATE'S INTEREST ................................................. 10 1. Harms to the Individual.......................................... 10 a. Precipitationof psychiatric and physical disorders... 10 (i) Psychiatricdisorders ................................. 10 (ii) Guilt, suicide, and self-mutilation................. 16 (iii) Maturationalarrest ................................... 17 (iv) Physicaldisease and injury ......................... 19 b. Impairment of autonomy ................................... 21 2. SocietalHarms .................................................... 25 a. Harm to the family as an institution...................... 26 b. Conflict with social and legal norms ..................... 31 c. Potentialforviolence ................................. 33 d. Aftereffects of the cult experience-socialimpact .... 35 B. THE CULT'S INTEREST .................................................. 36 1. Honesty and Sincerity ............................................ 38 a. Deception in the recruitmentprocess ..................... 38 * The author gratefully acknowledges the support afforded him by the Program in Law, Science & Medicine at Yale Law School, where a portion of the research leading to this Article was completed. In addition, thanks are due the following individuals for assistance rendered at different points during the preparation of the manuscript: Professor Michael H. Shapiro, University of Southern California Law Center, who discussed the problem of brainwashing with me and made many trenchant comments and suggestions; Dr. Robert Jay Lifton, Professor of Psychiatry, Yale Medical School, who helped me to understand the psychology of totalism; and Professor William Powers, University of Washington Law School, who made a number of suggestions in connection with my treatment of consent and identity change. Throughout this Article, reference to confidential sources has been indicated by omitting names or reducing names to initials. Other sources containing confidential information have been retained on file with the author. For the protection and privacy of the individuals concerned, the author assumes sole responsibility for the content of interviews granted and letters sent or forwarded to the author and other confidential material on file with the author. ** Assistant Professor of Law, University of Washington. B.A. 1960, University of Washington; J.D. 1974, University of California, Berkeley. 2 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 51:1 b. Deception in other areas .................................... 41 c. Insincerity arisingfrom an admixture of secular andreligious aims ............................................. 42 (i) Politicalobjectives ..................................... 42 (ii) Economic aims ......................................... 44 2. Centrality-TheRequirement of a Core Belief ............. 46 3. Promotion of Values Fundamental to the First Amendment ......................................................... 47 4. Correspondencewith SocietalNorms ........................ 48 II. PATERNALISM AND CONSENT-LIMITATIONS ON THE DECISION TO JOIN BASED ON VOLUNTARINESS .... 49 A. TRADITIONAL FACTORS ................................................. 50 1. Coercion and Duress ............................................. 50 2. Deception............................................................ 52 3. Physicaland Mental Debilitation.............................. 53 4. Abuse of a FiduciaryCapacity ................................. 53 B. FACTORS PECULIAR TO RELIGIOUS CULTS .......................... 54 1. Manipulationof Knowledge and Capacity .................. 54 2. Segmentation of the JoiningProcess .......................... 55 C. ASSESSING VOLUNTARINESS: IDENTITY CHANGE AND THE ACQUIESCENT INDOCTRINEE ........................................... 57 III. THE BOUNDS OF INTERVENTION-PRINCIPLES OF EXCLUSION AND INCLUSION ....................................... 62 A. ON DRAWING THE LINE ................................................. 63 B. THE CULT INDOCTRINEE SYNDROME: TYPE I AND TYPE II ERROR ............................................................ 69 IV. REMEDIES .................................................................... 73 A. PREVENTIVE REMEDIES ................................................. 73 1. Identification ....................................................... 73 2. "Cooling-off"Period............................................. 74 3. PublicEducation .................................................. 74 4. Prohibitionof Proselytizingby CertainGroups ............ 75 5. Licensing ............................................................ 76 6. Request forRescue ................................................ 77 B. POST-INDUCTION REMEDIES ........................................... 78 1. Self-Help and Deprogramming................................. 78 a. The defense of necessity .................................... 83 b. Assessment of deprogramming........................... 85 2. Conservatorshipand Guardianship ........................... 88 3. A Contract-BasedRemedy-Mutual "Reassessments". 91 4. Remedies Against the Cult or Cult Leaders ................. 92 a. Civil remedies ................................................. 92 (i) Tort actions ............................................. 92 (ii) Actions for the return of money or objects donated to the cult ..................................... 94 b. Criminalremedies ........................................... 95 CONCLUSION ............................................................... 97 1977] RELIGIOUS TOTALISM Charges that religious or pseudo-religious organizations abuse mind control techniques have become increasingly insistent in recent years. If behavior- control technology is powerful enough, when applied by the state, to raise constitutional "right to treatment"' and "right against treatment" 2 issues in cases involving prisoners and mental patients, it is not surprising that these same techniques, which have also proven of interest to criminal and extrem- ist groups and to belligerents during wartime, generate similar controversy 3 when utilized by these latter groups. "Brainwashing" has been asserted as a defense to charges of violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice by American prisoners of war following the Korean conflict.4 In the last few years, it has also made its 1. Cf. Knecht v. Gillman, 488 F.2d 1136, 1140-41 (8th Cir. 1973) (setting out procedures under which inmates may consent to aversion type therapy (drug-induced vomiting)); CAL. PENAL CODE §§ 2670-2680 (West Supp. 1977) (setting forth conditions under which prisoners and other institutionalized persons may consent to organic treatments); CAL. WELF. & INST. CODE §§ 5325-5326 (West Supp. 1977) (same); Shapiro, Legislating the Control of Behavior Control: Autonomy and the Coercive Use of OrganicTherapies, 47S. CAL. L. REV. 237,311-15, 326 n.309 (1974) (examining the concept of capacity necessary for informed consent and discussing the right to treatment) [hereinafter cited as Shapiro, Legislating Control]. The right to treatment has been derived from a number of constitutional rights, including autonomy and freedom of mentation, id. at 255-76, the eighth amendment, Martinez v. Mancusi, 443 F.2d 921, 923 (2d Cir. 1970), and due process or equal protection, see Rouse v. Cameron, 373 F.2d 451, 453 (D.C. Cir. 1966); Comment, A Jam in the Revolving Door: A Prisoner'sRighttoRehabilita- tion, 60 GEO. L.J. 225, 237-43 (1971). For those statutes relating to the goals of particular institutions, see id. at 236 n.76. Cf. National Comm'n for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Research Involving Prisoners: Report and Recommenda- tions 9 (draft, June 23, 1976) (prisoners may consent to or refuse medical treatment). 2. See, e.g., CAL. PENAL CODE § 2670 (West Supp. 1977); Shapiro, Legislating Control, supra note 1, at 316-20; Wexler, Reflections on the Legal Regulation of BehaviorModification in InstitutionalSettings, 17 ARIz. L. REV. 132 (1975); cf. Kaimowitz v. Department of Mental Health, No. 73-19434-AW (Wayne County, Mich., Cir. Ct. July 10, 1973) ("involuntarily detained mental patients cannot give informed and adequate consent to experimental psychosurgical procedures on the brain"). See generally Gobert, Psychosurgery, Conditioning, and the Prisoner'sRight To Refuse "Rehabilitation," 61 VA. L. REV. 155, 179-96 (1975). 3. This Article focuses on the problems posed by extremist religious sects not engaged in activity clearly criminal; a future Article will treat the problem
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Social Norms and Social Influence Mcdonald and Crandall 149
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Social norms and social influence Rachel I McDonald and Christian S Crandall Psychology has a long history of demonstrating the power and and their imitation is not enough to implicate social reach of social norms; they can hardly be overestimated. To norms. Imitation is common enough in many forms of demonstrate their enduring influence on a broad range of social life — what creates the foundation for culture and society phenomena, we describe two fields where research continues is not the imitation, but the expectation of others for when to highlight the power of social norms: prejudice and energy imitation is appropriate, and when it is not. use. The prejudices that people report map almost perfectly onto what is socially appropriate, likewise, people adjust their A social norm is an expectation about appropriate behav- energy use to be more in line with their neighbors. We review ior that occurs in a group context. Sherif and Sherif [8] say new approaches examining the effects of norms stemming that social norms are ‘formed in group situations and from multiple groups, and utilizing normative referents to shift subsequently serve as standards for the individual’s per- behaviors in social networks. Though the focus of less research ception and judgment when he [sic] is not in the group in recent years, our review highlights the fundamental influence situation. The individual’s major social attitudes are of social norms on social behavior. formed in relation to group norms (pp. 202–203).’ Social norms, or group norms, are ‘regularities in attitudes and Address behavior that characterize a social group and differentiate Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, it from other social groups’ [9 ] (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Security Report & Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention Program
    Annual Security Report2020 & Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention Program / Fire Safety Report LOCATION: Ottawa, Kansas Annual Security Report INTRODUCTION For further information on notice of non-discrimination, please contact: Kansas City Office Ottawa University was founded in 1865 after receiving a 20,000-acre land grant of Kansas prairie from the Ottawa Indians in recognition of the service Office for Civil Rights provided by early Baptist missionaries. Ottawa University continues to serve U.S. Department of Education on the frontier of learning through innovative, high-quality, personalized One Petticoat Lane programs of study. 1010 Walnut Street, 3rd floor, Suite 320 Kansas City, MO 64106 Ottawa University is a comprehensive, not-for-profit coeducational institution affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA. Ottawa’s educational mission brings together residential campuses in Ottawa, Kansas and Sur- Telephone: 816-268-0550 prise, Arizona; and adult campuses in Overland Park, Kansas; Phoenix, FAX: 816-268-0599; TDD: 800-877-8339 Arizona; Brookfield, Wisconsin; as well as online. Email: [email protected] Ottawa University is committed to providing a safe and secure environment for students, faculty, staff and guests to all its campuses. CAMPUS SAFETY AND SECURITY The Annual Security Report (“ASR” or “Report”) is prepared each year by the Ottawa University is committed to providing student, faculty, staff, and Associate Vice President of Compliance and his or her designees, working in visitors with as safe and enjoyable a college experience as possible. Your collaboration with local security officials and local police as necessary. The safety is a joint effort between students, faculty, staff, local police and/or Associate Vice President of Compliance, working with the designees from on-site security, and you.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Resilience & Confronting Risk In
    BUILDING RESILIENCE & CONFRONTING RISK IN THE COVID-19 ERA A PARENTS & CAREGIVERS GUIDE TO ONLINE RADICALIZATION POLARIZATION AND EXTREMISM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION LAB (PERIL) PERIL brings the resources and expertise of the university sector to bear CONTENTS on the problem of growing youth polarization and extremist radicalization, through scalable research, intervention, and public education ideas to PARENT & CAREGIVER GUIDE 3 reduce rising polarization and hate. WHAT IS ONLINE RADICALIZATION? WHY SHOULD YOU CARE? 4 SOUTHERN POVERTY LAW CENTER NEW RISKS IN THE COVID-19 ERA 5 The SPLC seeks to be a catalyst for racial justice in the South and RECOGNIZING WARNING SIGNS 6 beyond, working in partnership with communities to dismantle white UNDERSTANDING THE DRIVERS 7 supremacy, strengthen intersectional movements, and advance the ENGAGE AND EMPOWER 9 human rights of all people. RESPONDING TO HATE 11 HOW TO GET HELP 12 APPENDIX: STAYING ALERT TO SITES, PLATFORMS AND APPS FREQUENTLY EXPLOITED BY EXTREMISTS 17 ENDNOTES 19 CREDITS 20 ILLUSTRATIONS BY CLAUDIA WHITAKER PARENT & CAREGIVER GUIDE Who is this guide for? We wrote this guide with a wide Whether you live with a young person, or work virtually range of caregivers in mind. with youth, radicalization to extremism is something we all should be concerned about. Extremists looking Caregivers living with children and young adults. This to recruit and convert children are predatory. Like all includes parents, grandparents, foster parents, extended forms of child exploitation, extremist recruitment drives families, and residential counselors who are the a wedge between young people and the adults they would guardians and caregivers of children and youth living typically trust.
    [Show full text]
  • Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults
    Pepperdine Law Review Volume 7 Issue 3 Article 6 4-15-1980 Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults Joey Peter Moore Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr Part of the First Amendment Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Joey Peter Moore Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults , 7 Pepp. L. Rev. Iss. 3 (1980) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr/vol7/iss3/6 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Caruso School of Law at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pepperdine Law Review by an authorized editor of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults Since the horror of Jonestown, religious cults have been a frequent sub- ject of somewhat speculative debate. Federal and state governments, and private groups alike have undertaken exhaustive studies of these "cults" in order to monitor and sometimes regulate their activities, and to publicize their often questionable tenets and practices. The author offers a compre- hensive overview of these studies, concentrating on such areas as recruit- ment, indoctrination, deprogramming, fund raising, and tax exemption and evasion. Additionally, the author summarizes related news events and profiles to illustrate these observations,and to provide the stimulusfor further thought and analysis as to the impact these occurrences may have on the future of religion and religiousfreedom. I. INTRODUCTION An analysis of public opinion would likely reveal that the exist- ence of religious cults' is a relatively new phenomenon, but his- torians, social scientists and students of religion alike are quick to point out that such groups, though cyclical in nature, have simi- 2 larly prospered and have encountered adversity for centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • TECHNICAL APPENDIX to ENDING CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE and EXPLOITATION: a REVIEW of the EVIDENCE • 2020 About the Authors
    TECHNICAL APPENDIX TO ENDING CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE • 2020 About the authors Lorraine Radford is Emeritus Professor of Social Policy and Social Work at the University of Central Lancashire, UK; Debbie Allnock is Senior Research Fellow at the International Centre, University of Bedfordshire, UK; Patricia Hynes is Reader in Forced Migration in the School of Applied Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, UK; Sarah Shorrock is Research Officer at the Institute of Citizenship, Society & Change at the University of Central Lancashire, UK This publication has been produced with financial support from the End Violence Fund. However, the opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the End Violence Fund. Published by UNICEF Child Protection Section Programme Division 3 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 Email: [email protected] Website: www.unicef.org © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) December 2020. Permission is required to reproduce any part of this publication. Permission will be freely granted to educational or non-profit organizations. For more information on usage rights, please contact: [email protected] Cover Photo: © UNICEF/UN0156399/Haque Click on section bars to CONTENTS navigate publication 1. Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 4 Background and Purpose...................................................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • Mcgraw, Davis Move to Positions
    i • • ; COURT 3 President Vows Use Of WEEK-END • c- ■ EDITION (read the i cz ,\.iz NEWS Troops To Bar Anarchy" WHILE IT IS NEWS By DAYTON MOORE United Press International FIRST WASHINGTON. - (UPI) - President EiseriKSvVef'’'Biade-it <5- IN YOUR abundantly clear Wednesday that he àgàin would use-federal MEMPHIS WORLD troops to enforce court-ordered public school integration-if-it STAND AR.D was necessary to avoid "anarchy." VT The President told his news con­ ference the federal government VOLUME 28, NUMBER 18 - MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1958 PRICE SIX CENTS must and will enforce court inte­ gration rulings if the states fail to do so. He said his feelings “are exactly as they were” last fall when he ordered paratroopers and federal­ ized National Guardsmen to main­ M tain order at newly-integrated Cen­ tral High School at Little ‘ Rock,- Ark. Although he did not specifically By LOUIS LAUTIEfc- Wife On Vacation mention the use of troops, Eisen- Lower made it perfectly clear that, WASHINGTON, D C. — (NNPA) he would use then! again as a-last — While top Government officials resort in Little Rock or any other’ declined Tuesday to comment on At Time Of Death the decision in the Little Rock case, >• locality where violence and mob rule threaten public, order. the position of the Jpstioe Depart-* meat was ferreted out of a- speech The President opened his news V made earlier this summer by Assis? Of Frisco Porter by reading a prepared statement tant Attorney General W. Wilson BY JEWEL GENTRY It which he said was aimed at an­ White.
    [Show full text]
  • The Davidians of Waco
    THE DAVIDIANS OF WACO BY VANCE FERRELL THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY -THE DAVIDIANS OF WACO * Who was David Koresh? * Where did he come from? * How could he take control of the minds and bodies of nearly 150 people? * Why did they let him do it? IN THIS BOOK, YOU WILL FIND THE ASTOUNDING STORY OF THIS STRANGE ORGANIZATION. * How it started over 60 years ago, by a man that a European nation expelled. * The strange reason they moved to Waco in 1935. * The terrible crisis which developed from 1955 to 1962. * The blood feud between two men in the 1980s—out of which Koresh emerged as the leader. * His food and munitions preparations to withstand an attack by the world. * In detail: the astonishing events of February 28, 1993, when the Waco raid shocked America into forgetting for a day the twin towers blast of two days earlier. * Clear evidence that, from its beginning, the Shepherd's Rod/Davidians have not been connected with the Seventh-day Adventist Church. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 - The Houteff Years - 1 ...................................... page 1 The Rod in Southern California 1929-1942 Houghton Starts the Rod ....................................... page 2 The Meetings Begin .............................................. page 3 2 - The Houteff Years - 2 ...................................... page 7 The Rod in Waco, Texas 1935-1955 Changing the Name to Davidian .......................... page 10 3 - The Rod In Waco, Texas - 3 .......................... page 12 The Florence Houteff Years 1955-1962 The 1955 Time Prophecy.....................................page 14 The 1959 Gathering ............................................ page 17 Florence Steps In—And Closes It .... page 18 4 - The Roden Years - 4 ..................................... page 25 The Branch In Riverside And Waco 1962-1983 5 - The Howell/Koresh Years - 5 ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Persuasive Communication and Advertising Efficacy for Public Health Policy: a Critical Approach
    Persuasive communication and advertising efficacy for public health policy : A critical approach. Vincent Coppola, Odile Camus To cite this version: Vincent Coppola, Odile Camus. Persuasive communication and advertising efficacy for public health policy : A critical approach.. 2009. halshs-00410054 HAL Id: halshs-00410054 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00410054 Preprint submitted on 17 Aug 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Communication Research Persuasive communication and advertising efficacy for public health policy: a critical approach For Peer Review Journal: Communication Research Manuscript ID: CR-09-118 Manuscript Type: Original Research Article Persuasive communication, Pragmatics, Social advertising, Health Keywords: communication Our study is at the juncture of two themes largely investigated by researchers in communication, namely persuasion and pragmatics. First, we recall some tenets of these two topics. In particular, we refer to the dual process theories of the persuasion and the inferential model of pragmatics. Second we develop the argument that studies in persuasive communication have been undertaken Abstract: until now within the Encoding/Decoding paradigm without considering enough the main ideas of the pragmatics and intentionalist paradigm about communication and language.
    [Show full text]
  • Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults Joey Peter Moore
    Pepperdine Law Review Volume 7 | Issue 3 Article 6 4-15-1980 Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults Joey Peter Moore Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr Part of the First Amendment Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Joey Peter Moore Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults , 7 Pepp. L. Rev. 3 (1980) Available at: http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/plr/vol7/iss3/6 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pepperdine Law Review by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Piercing the Religious Veil of the So-Called Cults Since the horror of Jonestown, religious cults have been a frequent sub- ject of somewhat speculative debate. Federal and state governments, and private groups alike have undertaken exhaustive studies of these "cults" in order to monitor and sometimes regulate their activities, and to publicize their often questionable tenets and practices. The author offers a compre- hensive overview of these studies, concentrating on such areas as recruit- ment, indoctrination, deprogramming, fund raising, and tax exemption and evasion. Additionally, the author summarizes related news events and profiles to illustrate these observations,and to provide the stimulusfor further thought and analysis as to the impact these occurrences may have on the future of religion and religiousfreedom. I. INTRODUCTION An analysis of public opinion would likely reveal that the exist- ence of religious cults' is a relatively new phenomenon, but his- torians, social scientists and students of religion alike are quick to point out that such groups, though cyclical in nature, have simi- 2 larly prospered and have encountered adversity for centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Thecultphenomenonhowgroup
    Authors: Mike Kropveld Executive Director Info-Cult Marie-Andrée Pelland Doctoral Student in Criminology Université de Montréal Translated by: Natasha DeCruz Gwendolyn Schulman Linguistic Landscapes Cover Design by: Philippe Lamoureux This book was made possible through the financial support of the Ministère des Relations avec les citoyens et de l'Immigration. However, the opinions expressed herein are those of the authors. The translation from the French version (Le phénomène des sectes: L’étude du fonctionnement des groupes ©2003) into English was made possible through the financial support of Canadian Heritage. ©Info-Cult 2006 ISBN: 2-9808258-1-6 The Cult Phenomenon: How Groups Function ii Contents Contents ....................................................................................................................... ii Preface .......................................................................................................................viii Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: History of Info-Cult.......................................................................................3 Cult Project................................................................................................................3 Description.............................................................................................................3 Cult Project’s objectives.........................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • The Ideology of the John Birch Society
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1966 The Ideology of the John Birch Society Max P. Peterson Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Peterson, Max P., "The Ideology of the John Birch Society" (1966). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7982. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7982 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THEIDEOLOGY OFTHE JOHN BIRCH SOCIETY by Y1ax P. Peterson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTEROF SCIENCE in Political Science Approved: Major Professor Head of Department Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 1966 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to Dr. Milton C. Abrams for the many hours of consultation and direction he provided throughout this study. To Dr. M. Judd Harmon, I express thanks, not only for his constructive criticism on this work, but for the constant challenge he offers as a teacher. A very special thanks is given my wife, Karen, for her countless hours of typing, but first and foremost for the encouragement, u nderstanding, and devotion that she has given me throu ghout my graduate studies. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter I. The Background and Organization of the John Birch Society 4 The Beginning 4 The Symbol 7 The Founder 15 Plan of Action 21 Organizational Mechanics 27 Chapter II.
    [Show full text]
  • False Imprisonment, Religious Cults, and the Destruction of Volitional Capacity
    Valparaiso University Law Review Volume 25 Number 3 Spring 1991 pp.407-454 Spring 1991 He Who Controls the Mind Controls the Body: False Imprisonment, Religious Cults, and the Destruction of Volitional Capacity Laura B. Brown Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Laura B. Brown, He Who Controls the Mind Controls the Body: False Imprisonment, Religious Cults, and the Destruction of Volitional Capacity, 25 Val. U. L. Rev. 407 (1991). Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr/vol25/iss3/4 This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by the Valparaiso University Law School at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Valparaiso University Law Review by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Brown: He Who Controls the Mind Controls the Body: False Imprisonment, NOTES HE WHO CONTROLS THE MIND CONTROLS THE BODY: FALSE IMPRISONMENT, RELIGIOUS CULTS, AND THE DESTRUCTION OF VOLITIONAL CAPACITY The pressures and stresses of life in modem society can overwhelm all of us at times. The competing demands on time and financial resources created by marriage, family, and career responsibilities are becoming increasingly difficult to balance. I At one time or another, each of us may secretly wish that our lives were less stressful and demanding. 2 At such times, we might be tempted to abandon pressing responsibilities to explore an alternative lifestyle.3 Yet, few of us would be willing to give up our ability to choose to return to our former lives as part of the bargain.
    [Show full text]