Study on the Industrial Implications in Europe of the Blurring of Dividing Lines Between Security and Defence
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
15-06-10 Study on the industrial implications in Europe of the blurring of dividing lines between Security and Defence (Contract no. SI2. 516182) Final Report Content Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 18 Context ........................................................................................................................................... 18 Concept .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 23 1. The blurring of missions between security and defence ..................................................... 29 1.1. Traditional scope of the security and defence sectors in Europe ..................................... 29 1.2. The process of blurring between security and defence: the rise of new risks .................. 31 1.3. The blurring of missions between security and defence ................................................... 35 1.3.1. A taxonomy of current defence and security missions .............................................. 36 1.3.2. Blurring trends within defence missions .................................................................... 41 1.3.2.1. Crisis management ............................................................................................................ 41 1.3.2.2. Support to civil protection ................................................................................................ 46 1.3.3. Blurring trends within security missions .................................................................... 48 1.3.3.1. Protection against terrorism and organised crime ........................................................... 48 1.3.3.2. Border security .................................................................................................................. 50 1.3.3.3. Critical infrastructure protection ...................................................................................... 52 1.3.4. Common functions in the blurred area ...................................................................... 53 1.3.4.1. Detection, identification and authentication .................................................................... 56 1.3.4.2. Situation Awareness and Surveillance .............................................................................. 57 1.3.4.3. Risk assessment and modelling......................................................................................... 57 1.3.4.4. Communication ................................................................................................................. 58 1.3.4.5. Information management ................................................................................................. 59 1.3.4.6. Positioning and localisation .............................................................................................. 60 1.4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 60 2. Technological aspects of the blurring of dividing lines between security and defence ........ 63 2.1. Technology - definition and classifications ........................................................................ 64 2.2. National programmes ........................................................................................................ 66 2.3. Identifying areas of technology blurring and the origin of technologies .......................... 72 2.4. Technologies with applications across defence and security missions ............................. 78 2.5. Specificities of technologies driving the blurring ............................................................... 81 2.5.1. Generic technologies are critical to defence and civil security applications .............. 81 2.5.2. European industry has strong capabilities in some technology areas ....................... 82 2.6. Emerging technologies ....................................................................................................... 84 2.7. The extent of transfer of technology from defence to security ........................................ 87 2.8. The extent of transfer of technology from security to defence ........................................ 90 2.9. Societal resilience............................................................................................................... 92 2.10. Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 95 3. Characteristics of demand in the blurred area between security and defence .................... 97 3.1. Structural differences in demand between the security and defence sectors ................. 97 3.1.1. Defence demand in the blurred area between the two sectors ................................. 98 3.1.2. Security demand in the blurred area between the two sectors ............................... 103 3.1.2.1. Public security customers ............................................................................................... 103 2 3.1.2.2. Private security customers .............................................................................................. 113 3.2. The effect of institutions and regulations ........................................................................ 117 3.2.1. Procurement rules in the defence and security sectors ........................................... 117 3.2.1.1. Defence Procurement ..................................................................................................... 118 3.2.1.2. Public security procurement ........................................................................................... 120 3.2.1.3. The EC defence package and the process for blurring .................................................... 121 3.2.2. The role of standardisation in shaping the defence and security markets .............. 124 3.2.2.1. Standardisation for defence............................................................................................ 124 3.2.2.2. Standardisation for security ............................................................................................ 126 3.2.2.3. Standardisation for the blurred market? ........................................................................ 130 3.2.3. Impact of the Lisbon Treaty ..................................................................................... 132 3.3. Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 134 4. Characteristics of supply in the blurred area between the defence and security sectors ... 137 4.1. A fragmented supply base ............................................................................................... 137 4.2. The approach of defence origin companies in the blurred area ..................................... 141 4.2.1. General structure of defence origin companies ....................................................... 141 4.2.2. Different approaches towards the blurred area between the sectors ..................... 142 4.3. The approach of security companies in the blurred area ................................................ 159 4.3.1. Overview of security suppliers.................................................................................. 159 4.3.2. Security suppliers’ approaches towards the blurred area ....................................... 163 4.4. Technology-driven industry consolidation ....................................................................... 167 4.5. Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 169 5. Opportunities and challenges for industry ....................................................................... 172 5.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 172 5.1.1. The Limits of blurring ............................................................................................... 172 5.2. Opportunities and challenges in defence markets .......................................................... 176 5.2.1. The defence capability development processes ....................................................... 176 5.2.2. Impact on industry ................................................................................................... 181 5.3. Opportunities and challenges in security markets .......................................................... 184 5.3.1. Security market estimates ........................................................................................ 186 5.3.2. Public versus private security markets ..................................................................... 187 5.3.3. Impact on industry ................................................................................................... 189 5.4. Conclusions .....................................................................................................................