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A Commentary on the Prose Preface and Epigrams 1-20 of Martial Book 12

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A Commentary on the Prose Preface and Epigrams 1-20 of Martial Book 12 Durham E-Theses A Commentary on the Prose Preface and Epigrams 1-20 of Martial Book 12 CARSON, KEIRAN,DESMOND How to cite: CARSON, KEIRAN,DESMOND (2018) A Commentary on the Prose Preface and Epigrams 1-20 of Martial Book 12, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12530/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 A Commentary on the Prose Preface and Epigrams 1-20 of Martial Book 12 A dissertation submitted in October 2017 to the Department of Classics of Durham University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. by Keiran Desmond Carson “The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without the author’s prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged.” 1 Abstract: This PhD thesis provides a commentary for the prefatory epistle and the opening twenty epigrams of Martial Book 12. The texts will be analysed through an interpretative method and focus will be placed upon intra- and intertextual references in order to orientate the work within the broader framework of Ancient literature. Beyond the concentration upon literary allusions, attention will be paid to metrical and philological concerns in order to distinguish Martial’s particular techniques and innovations from conventional or generic usages. Each text will be accompanied with a translation and an introductory essay, which will focus upon the structure, style and content of the text, in order to provide a clear and unambiguous interpretation for each work. A supplementary thematic essay will also be supplied, when it is necessary to pursue particular points that cannot be catered for in the lemmatised entries or the initial essay on the content and structure of each text. 2 Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. 4 12 Preface ……………………………………………………………………… 11 12.1 ……………………………………………………………………………… 28 12.2(3) …………………………………………………………………………... 36 12.3(4) …………………………………………………………………………… 53 12.4(5) …………………………………………………………………………… 62 12.5(2) ………………………………………………………………………….... 70 12.6 ……………………………………………………………………………….. 79 12.7 ……………………………………………………………………………..... 89 12.8 ………………………………………………………………………………. 99 12.9 ………………………………………………………………………………. 110 12.10 …………………………………………………………………………….. 121 12.11 …………………………………………………………………………….. 129 12.12 …………………………………………………………………………….. 142 12.13 …………………………………………………………………………….. 153 12.14 ……………………………………………………………………………. 159 12.15 ………………………………………………………………………….… 172 12.16 ……………………………………………………………………………. 182 12.17 ………………………………………………………………………….... 190 12.18 …………………………………………………………………………… 201 12.19 …………………………………………………………………………… 220 12.20 …………………………………………………………………………… 225 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………. 232 3 Introduction This PhD thesis, an interpretative commentary on the prefatory epistle and the initial twenty epigrams in Martial’s twelfth Book, is intended to serve as the impetus for a much more ambitious project; viz. a complete commentary to Martial’s final book. The work’s origin lies in a select commentary, comprising epigrams 42-46(7), from Book 12, which formed my M.A. thesis (Durham 2014). The need for a commentary upon Martial’s final book is immediately apparent: it is the only work of Martial that lacks a published commentary for the Book in its entirety.1 Aside from analyses of certain individual epigrams offered in selective commentaries, the only full scale treatment of Book 12 currently available is Bowie’s unpublished, and now somewhat dated, thesis (1988). There is, however, a more recent work, which offers commentaries for the preface and the opening thirty-three epigrams, written in Italian by Craca (2011), but there is no extended treatment of Book 12 in English subsequent to Bowie. The aim of this thesis is to offer an interpretative commentary for the pieces selected. Close attention will be paid to intra- and intertextual usages within this commentary. Another objective will be the cataloguing and interpretation of technical details (especially metrical issues), as such matters are fundamental to the appreciation of Martial’s style and purpose. Since in Martial’s scoptic poems, the humour is frequently hitched to and corroborated by a dissonant or jarring rhythm at the conclusion, the commentary will be employed to elucidate the achieved effects. Another concomitant feature of the interpretative approach selected, will be the provision of introductory essays prior to the lemma entries. These essays, effectively practical criticisms, will be used to furnish an overall evaluation of the content, structure, and style of each poem; bibliographical references will also be supplied and, where required, a supplementary thematic overview. The methodology adopted necessarily entails certain attendant problems. Although it serves admirably for the shorter epigrams, the interpretative process, in the case of a long epigram, necessitates either the production of an incredibly lengthy commentary or a somewhat selective one. Therefore the latter approach has been selected. For certain commentaries 1 Limiting the scope to the most important editions, the list of published commentaries for other individual books would include the following: Book 1: Citroni (1975) and Howell (1980); Book 2: Williams (2004); Book 3: Fusi (2006); Book 4: Moreno Soldevila (2006); Book 5: Howell (1995) and Canobbio (2011); Book 6: Grewing (1997); Book 7: Galán Vioque (2002); Book 8: Schöffel (2002); Book 9: Henriksén (2012); Book 10: Damschen and Heil (2004); Book 11: Kay (1985); Xenia: Leary (2001); Apophoreta: Leary (1996); Liber Spectaculorum: Coleman (2006). There are also several selective commentaries, which offer treatments for certain individual epigrams across the corpus, among which are included: Paley and Stone (1898); Stephenson (1914); Watson and Watson (2003); and Williams (2011). Finally, to compensate for certain deficiencies in Damschen and Heil’s treatment of Book 10, see the extended analyses of the long epigrams from Book 10, offered by Buongiovanni (2012) and also the unpublished Cambridge thesis on a series of poems from the same book, completed by Jenkins (1981). 4 (12. pr., 12.2(3), 12.18) the lemmatised element has had to omit certain entries that may be viewed as desirable in order to keep the commentaries within an acceptable scale. This approach is requisite if an interpretative framework, with its consequent extended length, is to be maintained across all the poems within this ambit. Given the scope of the PhD thesis, it was instantly evident that a satisfactory commentary for the book in its entirety would not be practicable.2 As this was the case, there were two options available: the work could include either a selection of epigrams from Book 12 (chosen either on a thematic, metrical, or random basis) or concentrate upon a consecutive series of poems from the book. Although both options have their attractions, the second was deemed most appropriate, since Martial is the only epigrammatist from antiquity whose work is transmitted in the order the poet himself selected.3 Thus investigations in the interplay between neighbouring epigrams - even the overarching architectural arrangement of a book, or a series of books - can be undertaken in Martial’s work with a certain degree of confidence; indeed it seems, at times, positively encouraged by the poet. Although this overriding concern to retain some semblance of the artistic structure Martial imposed on Book 12 has dictated the choice, it must still be acknowledged that the very act of an abridged treatment necessitates certain unfortunate omissions.4 2 It is true that Bowie (1988) did provide a complete commentary for Book 12 for his Oxford PhD thesis. This was no mean achievement. Nevertheless, such facility comes at the price of a thorough interpretation and the appreciation of the niceties each epigram contains. It is also to be pointed out that since Bowie’s period, scholarly works upon Martial - in the form of commentaries, monographs, and articles, - have been voluminous. 3 Most epigrams are, of course, transmitted in anthologies and florilegia, names which attest to their selected condition and incorporated status. Although attempts can be made to try and piece together and arrange the disparate epigrams of the Greek and Latin anthologies into authorial cycles, and in some cases book forms (e.g. Kay’s (2006) allocation of Anthologia Latina 78-188 to a single [anonymous] poet, or Seneca’s, Luxorius’, and Symphosius’ poems from the same anthology), the very nature of such anthologies suggests that poems may well be omitted to satisfy the broader requirements of the florilegium itself. Indeed, in the Anthologia Graeca, the problem is increased twofold, since earlier anthologies (e.g. Meleager’s “Garland”; Phillip’s collection; Strato’s “Musa Puerilis”) are obviously
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