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IEE: Thailand: Solar Power Project

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IEE: Thailand: Solar Power Project Environmental Impact Assessment Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 43936 May 2010 Proposed Loan and Administration of Grant for Solar Power Project (Thailand) (Cofinanced by the Clean Energy Fund under the Clean Energy Financing Partnership Facility) Prepared by Natural Energy Development Company (NED) The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. ABBREVIATIONS AC – alternative current ADB – Asian Development Bank DC – direct current EGAT – Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand EHS – Environmental, health and safety EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan ESA – environmental and social assessment IEE – initial environmental examination IFC – International Finance Corporation IPs – Indigenous Peoples NED – National Energy Development Company PEA – Provincial Electricity Authority PCB – polychlorinated biphenyl PV – Photovoltaic TSP – total suspended particulates WEIGHTS AND MEASURES oC – degree Celsius dB(A) – average A-weighted decibels ha – hectare km – kilometer kV – kilovolt kVA – Kilovolt ampere m – meter m2 – square meter mm – millimeter MV – megavolt MW – megawatt CONTENTS Page A. Introduction 1 B. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 1 C. Description of the Project 1 1. Project Scope and Layout 1 2. Construction 4 D. Description of the Environment 4 1. Project Location 4 2. Physical Environment 4 3. Biological Environment 5 4. Socioeconomic Environment 5 5. Historical and Cultural Value 5 E. Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures 5 1. Impact during Construction 5 2. Impact during Operations 6 3. Decommissioning 6 F. Social Impact 6 G. Institutional Requirements and Environmental Management Plan 7 H. Public Consultation and Disclosures 7 I. Findings and Recommendations 8 J. Conclusions 8 1 INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION A. Introduction 1. The Natural Energy Development Company (NED) has initiated a solar power plant project to be located on about 176 hectares of land (about 1,100 rais1) about 200 kilometers (km) north of Bangkok in Wang Plerng Subdistrict, Khok Samrong District, Lopburi Province. The project is designed to have a gross generation capacity of 73 megawatts (MWp) of direct current. The alternating current output will be about 57.9 MW, of which about 2.9 MW will be consumed internally and the remaining 55 MW will be sold to the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) through a 115 kilovolt (kV) transmission line to a Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) substation about 15 km away. The project is categorized as Environment B based on its anticipated insignificant impacts and construction is expected to begin in the second quarter of 2010 and will take about 24 months to complete. 2. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment does not require an environmental impact assessment for solar power projects. Nevertheless, NED commissioned a local consulting firm2 to undertake an environmental and social assessment (ESA) of the project to ensure that the project will be absolutely environmentally sound and acceptable to the local communities. The ESA was conducted from August 2009 to early December 2009. This initial environmental examination (IEE) document summarizes the findings and conclusions of the ESA and was prepared for the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in full compliance with its Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) for category B 3 projects and the World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (EHS guidelines). B. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 3. Environmental impact assessment is not required for solar power projects in Thailand. However, environmental aspect was reviewed in the project feasibility study report and the ESA and NED held public consultation meetings on 31 August 2009, 16 September 2009 and 02 October 2009 as required by the Thai constitution. This IEE summarized the salient aspects of the study and public consultation, to meet ADB’s requirement. C. Description of the Project 1. Project Scope and Layout 4. The project will involve minor civil works, the installation of about 542,000 solar photovoltaic panels and associated power equipment, and the construction of a control building. Table A7.1 presents the salient features of the project; Table A7.2, land use by the project facilities; Figure A7.1, a flow diagram of solar power generation; and Figure A7.2, the layout of the project facilities. 1 The rai is a Thai measure for land area. One rai is 1,600 square meters, and one hectare is 6.25 rais. 2 Greener Consultant Co. 3 Category B projects are judged to have some adverse environmental impact, but of lesser degree or significance than that of category A projects. 2 Figure A7.1: Solar Power Generation Diagram 12Transmission-km 115 kVA Transmissionline to Line to PWAsubstation substation PVPV -ThinThin Film film Switching Switching and DC-AC and metering invertersDC-AC Inverters Metering 250 kVA BreakerBreaker 400 VAC. 3 φ DC AC Transformer ControllersLoading Controllers Transformer DataData Monitoring and monitoringAcquisition Figure 1- Solar Power Generation Diagram AC = alternative current; DC = direct current; KVA = kilovolt ampere; PV = photovoltaic; Source: Natural Energy Development Company. Table A7.1: Salient Technical Features of the Project Item Description Solar panels -number About 542,000 panels, amorphous silicon, photovoltaic thin film -dimensions of each panel Rectangular, 1 m by 1.4 m -inclination 10 degrees -working life 25 years Loading Controllers 28 stations Direct current–alternating current 250 kW, 220 units Inverters Transformers 1.25 MVA 1 unit, 2.5 MVA 27 units and 60 MVA 1 unit Substation One 22 kV / 115 kV substation Control building 1 building Transmission line 115 kV, 15 km Km = kilometer; kV = kilovolt; kW = kilowatt; m= meter; MVA = megavolt ampere. Source: Natural Energy Development Company 3 Table A7.2: Land Use of the Project Site Total Area Used Land Use (rais) % of Total Solar cell area 721 65.5 Loading controllers 1 0.1 Transformers 1 0.1 One 22 kV / 115 kV substation 3 0.3 Control building 1 0.1 Green area 113 10.3 Roads and vacant space 260 23.6 Total 1,100 100.0 kV = kilovolt. Source: Natural Energy Development Company. Figure A7.2: Layout of Project Facilities Scale Meter Symbol Solar panels Control building Loading controllers 22 kV / 115 kV Substation Transformer Green area Road Fence Source: Natural Energy Development Company. 4 2. Construction 5. The project will involve site preparation (with minimum disturbance to existing land forms), the construction of small solar panel foundations, the installation of solar panels, the construction of one control building, the construction of one 22 kV/115 kV substation, the construction of inspection roads and drainage systems, the laying of electrical cables, the installation of control systems, and the construction of a 115 kV transmission line on the corridor of an existing 22 kV transmission line. These construction works are minor and will take place over the vast project site. Figure A7.3 presents a tentative construction bar chart. Figure A7.3: Construction Schedule Months Construction Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1. Site preparation and foundation works 2. Construction of solar PV panel supports 3. Construction of inspection roads and drainage 4. Construction of buildings 5. Electrical calding works 6. Installation of solar PV panels 7. Installation of power dispatch system 8. Installation of control system 9. System testing Source: Natural Energy Development Company . D. Description of the Environment 1. Project Location 6. The project site covers 1,100 rais (about 176 hectares) of privately owned agricultural land, located next to Rural Road No. 3014 and surrounded by agricultural land. The project site has no irrigation system and is used mainly for planting cash crops, particularly cassava and maize, and also eucalyptus trees. Some parts are unattended land covered by grasses, bushes, and shrubs. 2. Physical Environment 7. The project site has a humid tropical climate with annual average temperatures ranging from 23.6°C to 33.7°C, average annual rainfall of 1,123.8 millimeters, and annual average relative humidity of 71%. Soil in the project site is of low to medium fertility. The project site is in a low-seismic-risk region. 8. Surface water at the project site is drained by two small, unnamed natural watercourses. One watercourse traverses the western part of the project site in a south–north direction, and drains water into a natural canal. Another watercourse traverses the eastern part of the project site in a south–north direction, and drains water into another canal. 9. The project site still has good environmental quality as it has no nearby industries or urban communities. The two watercourses in the project site are still virtually unpolluted, as indicated by the low levels of biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and oil and grease. The dust level in the ambient air, measured as total suspended particulates (TSP), is 5 still lower than the national standard of 0.33 mg/Nm3 (24-hour average). Ambient noise levels in the three nearest communities are below the national standards 24-hour not exceeding 70 dBA per 24 hours, and maximum not exceeding 115 dBA. 3. Biological Environment 10. The project site is not located in or near a sensitive ecosystem. An ecological survey of the project site confirmed the absence of unique or ecologically significant flora and fauna. The nearest wildlife sanctuary, Sublanka, is about 60 km away. 4. Socioeconomic Environment 11. The project site has no communities. Two subdistricts, Wang Plerng and Khao Laem, are within a 5 km radius of the project site. Wang Plerng has 13 villages with a total population of 7,536 living in 1,963 households (April 2009 records). Khao Laem has 8 villages with a total population of 3,298 living in 940 households (April 2009 records).
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