' $
Some visualization challenges from SNA
Vladimir Batagelj University of Ljubljana Slovenia
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation In conjunction with Graph Drawing 2005 September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland
& version: November 6, 2015 / 02 : 03% V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA I-2
' $ Outline 1 Some Examples...... 1 13 Networks...... 13 15 Types of networks...... 15 20 Large Networks...... 20 21 Pajek ...... 21 23 Analysis and Visualization...... 23 25 Representations of properties...... 25 35 Large networks...... 35 39 Dense networks...... 39 44 New graphical elements...... 44 46 Dynamic/temporal networks...... 46 51 Challenges...... 51
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 1
' $ Some Examples
The use of networks was introduced in sociology by Moreno developing the sociometry (1934, 1953, 1960). An overview of visualization of so- cial networks was prepared by Lin Freeman(1,2). The Ars Electronica 2004 in Linz, Austria gave special attention to networks by the exhibition Lan-
Moreno guage of Networks (1,2,3,4).
Some of the following examples are from the Gerhard Dirmoser presentation at AE’04.
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 2
' $ Moreno: Who shall survive?
K: 1: 2:
3: 4: 5:
6: 7: 8:
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 3
' $ Saint Nicolas
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 4
' $ Context
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 5
' Jeremy Deller: History of the world, 1997 $
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 6
' $ Bureau d’etudes: Governing by networks, 2003
Deep Space Network -DSN
CALEA redefines the ave Eme rnet Rese A cell-phone's Sim card W rg te a telecommunications industry’s d e n rc Nordnet can be located thanks obligation to assist law enforcement n n I h u c GWEN Ground Wave y Japan Verio 4 o y Netw Tracking & Data r G to one of the 30,000 in executing lawfully authorized r ? Emergency Network ce o # a RSN r r VERIO N a
k t A E o
G T p Relay Satellite Syst. TDRSS
base stations of the M e
electronic surveillance. In 1991, the - u
e The Ground Wave Emergency Network (GWEN) S
n largest global website hosting p
t ? D
LF/UHF w p
GSM network or to one FBI held a series of secret meetings provides survivable connectivity to designated bomber a NTT
S l Telstra
e I
? P company p
o N traffic exchange via BBN (Genuity)
e r
of the satellites used by with EU member states to persuade and tanker bases. The system is in sustainment. GWEN N r e
t
k D Global One (cable) R n survivable I
the GPS (Global G them to incorporate CALEA into ( is designed as an ultra-high powered VLF [150-175
# ESSAIM G space
network W omm traffic exchange Positioning System) E C u N European law. The meetings ) kHz] network intended to survive massive broadband space y n probe x ic included representatives from destructive interference produced by nuclear EMP. probe a a NTT l t Galaxy Communicator is an open source partnership Glob o State of Japan owns 66% al Canada, Hong Kong, Australia and GWEN is Scheduled to be Replaced by SCAMP in a ? ) S r architecture for constructing dialogue systems. y G M s S t the EU. At these meetings, an FY99 SITA (www.sita.com) G e This work is funded by the Defense Advanced ( m National ebone The network is made up of more than s international technical standard for
f Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the
n LYCOS
o
o
r Reconnaissance Office
i 1,700 circuits representing a consolidated
t surveillance, based on the FBI’s M Alluets- United States Government. The DARPA
a OSINT c o
i charged with transmission capacity of around 1,400
b Feucherolles n CALEA demands, was adopted as
i Communicator program will provide the next u l
e Dome COMINT
m (fr) OSINT (Intelligence, Not Information.) can help DoD in C
m managing American A ( Megabits per second and includes over o F C the "International Requirements for (fr) generation of intelligent conversational SP ra Spain spy satellites such as (Communication two ways: (1) crisis support; and (2) support to on- N n Swiss Interception." Mutzig interfaces to distributed information. The goal A c 13,000 managed routers. Total traffic over Intelligence) going operations, bringing to bear in both cases the R e PATHWAY NSA communications (fr) Black Bird, Rhyolite, ? ) the network grew to 272 trillion characters, governing best and most relevant open sources to respond to is to support the creation of speech-enabled T KH-11 and KH-12, or Telefonica server furnishing a fast, efficient, nt de MITRE interfaces that scale gracefully across up by 55% in the year.The network now has SITA ephone co me s Furet. cyberspace established DoD needs with OSINT rather than just ICANN certified domain registrar tel m high-security network for the e co Corporation Research over 176,692 user connections. Nortel t m Kourou p n IMINT modalities, from speech-only to interfaces that p u u t surveillance information. OSINT includes global geospatial data Biochemical & Passport Switches increased to reach over e n ECHELON system (Guyane fr) o r c i r ô (usa gov) DNA-Based include graphics, maps, pointing and gesture. r c (Imagery and global logistics information. a l Chairman of the Board of Trustees 3700 nodes across the network in 2001. e G e Nanocomputers t t Hong- (http://communicator.sourceforge.net) i s n o Morwenstow Intelligence) i SITA has over 10,000 IP routers online and TELEFONICA n Kong
COMINT r MASINT s
o a
t (uk) over 400 customers of SITA IP services. The In 2001, Telefonica offered
( d
C ?
d Yakima Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) is
r e
i
A network consistently achieves core 700 telecommunications services to nearly 50
o a c
L SAIC: 41,000 employees, an annual turnover of 5.5 billion dollars, 620
d
(usa) - a collective term bringing together disparate
E National
n Humint
n STERIA é
A availability of 99.99%. SITA maintains antennas countries and had its own installations in 20
a
a million dollars profit in 1999. The company's major client is the American
t
)
l
r Orange s
e Reconnaissance (Human intelligence elements that do not fit within the
F n
c
o government, 79% of total turnover comes from the Pentagon. Among the 150,000 units of customer premises countries. It had constituted one of the c
m o m t
-
Sugar r
i Office definitions of Signals Intelligence, Imagery
)
H q Intelligence) SAIC's achievements: digital cartography of the USA and digital early R
C E u equipment in the air transport industry, largest international support networks for e C VHF L s G Grove E O ( (usa gov) Intelligence, or Human Intelligence. These disparate CO by networks 20 warning system for environmental data; security system for Defense 4,77 through 170 service delivery facilities AIR M its activities, in particular a transatlantic N (sept. 2003) (usa) elements consist of intelligence activities and Department computers; installation of computerized decision-making and worldwide. World's first airport shared submarine cable going all around Latin National Weather Service Cooperative SIGINT technologies such as acoustic intelligence; radar transmission systems for oil conglomerates such as BP Amoco; France ? Observer Program-Modernization COOP-M I cooperation computerization of the American reserve army mobilization system; check-in system, CUTE. World's first America. Telefonica claims that its network N (Signals intelligence; nuclear radiation detection; infrared http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/coop treaty design and installation of transmission systems between command posts France 16,9 partnership to support the implementation of carries 80% of the world's Spanish- Intelligence) intelligence; electro-optical intelligence; radio electronic visa authorization, with ETAS. The COOP network comprises nearly 12,000 COMINT T and combatants (Defense Information Systems Network); design of C4I France language Internet content. (source: OCED,
frequency, unintentional radiation; materials, effluent, command centers for naval and space warfare; modernization of the Visas for Australia are processed using listening E BULL 2001)
sites across the United States and Puerto # INTELSAT and debris sampling; and electro optical and spectro- space-based mapping networks of the National Imagery and Mapping Telecom R Veridian ETAS.
Rico. The network was established in 1890 to OSINT radiometric sources. Agency; surveillance of the execution of nuclear non-proliferation M
collect temperature, precipitation and other C treaties; design of training and simulation equipment for F-15 and F-16 Noos
E (Open Source DARPA/ ? Bill Owens
meteorological data for climate applications E pilots; design of satellite sensors and observation equipment for NASA;
T VERIDIAN GenBank
Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) UK-USA/ECHELON P Intelligence) served as the deputy chief of Naval
related to agriculture and water resources. S creation of the largest criminal information database for the FBI (with Human
T GenBank, the world's DNA sequence
In the years after World War II, the notion and the Y Operations for Resources, Warfare UKUSA is the secret signals intelligence I files on 38 million suspects); etc. Augmentation of O COOP-M will improve the network's spatial P-M ( S O u N repository, was developed at Los Alamos profession of electrical engineering underwent a density, distribution, communications and O sa agreement, set up in 1947, that divided In the period of 1992-1995 alone, the SAIC hired 198 former colonels Reasoning TECSI has strategic Requirements and Assessments, commander # GenBank Rand Standford Biological transformation and expansion. New concepts, C ) the world into five regions to be watched and generals of the US armed forces. Among its administrators, the SAIC through relationships TECSI wanadoo of the U.S. Sixth Fleet, senior military National Laboratory (LANL) and later processing capabilities. "Ultimately the 12000 MASINT Patterning with SAIC # Immarsat Corporation Research Computer thoughts, ideas, inventions, and fields of study were over by Australia, Canada, New Zealand, (Measurement & has had the former Defense secretaries William Perry and Melvin Laird, (HARP) Global Integrity Corp. assistant to Secretaries of Defense Frank transferred to the National Library of (usa) Institute Laboratory network will have new automated sites UKUSA and the former CIA directors John Deutch and Robert Gates. ? Medicine. Chromosome-sorting capabilities born within the profession or were brought in from temperature, precipitation, soil-moisture and Britain and America. Australia DSD - Signature Intelligence) Department president, chief operating officer and vice chairman SAIC Carlucci and Dick Cheney (source : (usa) (usa) other fields of study and absorbed as part of a new Defense Signals Directorate. Canada (USA, New Zel., Aus, www.teledesic.com) developed at LANL and Lawrence river-level sensors; near real-time data climatic data UK, Germ., Taiwan) of Energy-DOE Livermore National Laboratory enabled the self. Who would have thought that a theory of network CSE - Communications Security sy collection, quality control and dissemination; ium ste development of DNA clone libraries information would emerge from an engineering Establishment. New Zealand GCSB - id m (usa gov) automated flashflood reporting; and Ir via 17 coopération for representing the individual chromosomes. laboratory; that an electrical hypothesis, that is, the interactive data terminals to collect both New Zealand's Government certplus Windows NT 4.0 hypothesis that all our perceptual, intellectual, and ? NSA 30 These libraries were a crucial resource in automated and manual observations," said Communications Security Bureau. UK NSA agency in charge of COMINT (Truman Memorandum , 24 octobre 1952) France Tavistock American emotional experiences are states of electrical activity finance enome genome sequencing. Don Boucher, senior staff meteorologist and GCHQ - Government Communications Iridium (usa gov) n G P Institute Society in the central nervous system, would dominate the Head Quarters. USA NSA - National Defense Bill a ro the Aerospace system architect for the Satellite LLC wireless Science Application m je Human Genome Project (usa & uk) for Information close ? Gemplus Owens u c neural sciences; that the abstract notion of Security Agency Internat. Corp. t Cybernetics project. (source : www.aero.org) Systems Agency USA H Project goals were to (usa) computation would find its manifestation in electrical (DISA) (SAIC) # Teledesic - identify all the approximately 30,000 devices that, by integrating new insights from CNRI (NSF (usa gov) ET - U genes in human DNA, CNRI was created as a N S semiconductor physics, evolved into machines of such F A S project GENOA II 26 Microsoft - determine the sequences of the 3 billion complexity that one could be tempted to make not-for-profit ? ) N ? chemical base pairs that make up human comparison of these machines with their creators? organization to provide DNA, leadership and funding "After the fiasco of the automatic vote- 0,9 One spoke and even speaks today of electronic 24 - store this information in databases, brains; one spoke of mentality in machines and still for research and Global Information High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) Program count during the American presidential - improve tools for data analysis, asks: "Can machines think?"(www.ece.uiuc.edu) development of the g System election, Unisys Corp aims to associate in G Infrastructure Commission (GIIC) - transfer related technologies to the private Father of National Information on P itself with Dell Computer Corp and ti S The GIIC is a confederation on Infra sector, and Infrastructure. i - ti s Microsoft Corp to create a new voting the Internet 3.39 MHZ and s N of chief executive officers of a tr USA - address the ethical, legal, and social issues o A m u USA P ? r c system." Unisys will propose the overall 6.99 MHZ # BLOCK II/IIA/IIR V the National Coordinator firms that develop and t Celera (ELSI) that may arise from the project. The l o Keith W. S f u system, Dell will supply the computers, and a Standart Positionning for Security, Infrastructure
T deploy, operate, rely upon, r Genomics Human Genome Project ends in 2003 with
b n
A System (SPS) CIVIL Protection and I e Microsoft, the programs. (12/01/2001)
Uncapher Robert Chairman o
l R Counter-Terrorism and finance information and Dell Computer Silicon the completion of the human genetic
CEO l ( G
Kahn G President positioning Precise Positionning communications technology a Corporation Graphics sequence.
b
System (PPS) US ARMY infrastructure facilities. I
I SAIC/NBII Unisys Corp. IBM, Compaq, DuPont, and major
o Corporation for American Alaska, network C
l evaluate the most 100 pharmaceutical companies are among those National National USA ) Unisys notes that it has Research Science Climatic weapons Falcon Air Force Base, Colorado, USA pentagone G effective worked on voting interested in the potential for targeting and high frequency active auroral gov. owned sat. Department tion alternatives for technology for applying genome data. (source : Network Solutions Inc (NSI)/SAIC Initiatives Foundation (usa gov) rma Inf USA Vice-President research program (HAARP) fo ra integrating decades, and www.ornl.gov) domain names are always registered in the (CNRI) (NSF) US navy of Defense-DOD n s World I tr geographic u Information Cray developed electronic databanks of the SAIC-NSI. And even if, officially, e s c information (usa gov) t Technology Research, voting systems in Motorola the "client" data associated with the domain names n u Unisys e r and Services systems Brazil, Italy and Costa f
Champ Mitchell e Inc. Nicolas Naclerio, head of Motorola's Biochip e President, Network Solutions remains confidential, it is the SAIC-NSI information . Alliance data/information Corp. Rica. (source: AFP) Systems Unit, former executive at Darpa
Champ VeriSign maintains more than 10 internet D served as vice chairman of the system that retains responsibility and technical control origin (WITSA) on the Web. Motorola's biochip technology will use the finance committee for the Mitchell over the data banks of names and name servers. million Internet addresses. VeriSign Defense National Biological Information Infrastructure election campaign of President used to have a government- Advanced results of the Human Genome Project. George H. W. Bush. (source : Network Solutions Inc (NSI) (NBII) www.verisign.com) approved monopoly over wholesale Alaska, Research World Information Network Solutions is the world's leading registrar, and retail sales of .com names. (…) USA Project Agency The NBII is a broad, collaborative USA with more than 6.5 million net registrations. Network (DARPA) Defense program to provide increased access to Technology and In 1998, the Commerce Department, Services Alliance Solutions registers the majority of Web addresses which maintains control of the HIPAS High Power Auroral (usa gov) Information Infrastructure data and information on the nation's Stimulation Observatory 2,100,000 computers connected to biological resources. The NBII links (WITSA) USA worldwide through various channels including nearly Internet's authoritative "root server," joint project Network 3 USA MOTOROLA 220 companies in over 30 countries in its Premier picosatellites almost 10,000 local area networks, diverse, high-quality biological The World Information Associates, 4 chairman and chief Olof commissioned the nonprofit ICANN Inc. executive officer program and over 30,000 companies in its Affiliate themselves linked to approximately databases, information products, and Technology and (network Lundberg ICANN certified domain registrar to inject competition into the The Aerospace one hundred national or analytical tools maintained by NBII Services Alliance IBM Program. (1-August-2003, addressing sector. The root server is NASA security) 1,7 Xerox international networks. (WITSA) is a consortium 4 Network www.internic.net/registrars/registrar-2.html) the master list of Net addresses Corporation (usa gov) partners and other contributors in world leader in network corp TIA, Total Information government agencies, academic of 50 information Solution ending in "top-level" domains (us gov) Senior Advisor security and ? Verisign Awareness Program institutions, non-government organizations, technology (IT) industry availability, help secure Inc. (NSI) 100 including .com, .net and .org. (source USIA PDG massive domestic formatio and private industry. NBII partners and associations from the networks of major 1,7 Tony : washingtonpost.com, Wednesday, (usa gov) NASA's Global In n 1,8 Navarra DGSE surveillance system l In collaborators also work on new economies around the Fortune 500 companies. September 4, 2002) Change Master a fr Louis V USA Bernard (fr) ic a standards, tools, and technologies that world. WITSA L. Chairman President g s Own McAfee Security, Gerstner CORE Directory (GCMD) t Schwartz and CEO # Globalstar o r make it easier to find, integrate, and members represent Jr United States Information Agency (USIA) l u the leader in anti-virus 3,3 In November 2000, ICANN approved seven and the NBII o c 4,9 2,1 Loral Space & i apply biological resources information. over 90 percent of the 3,2
t software 3,9 10,6 Liberty Media BND u
new TLDs. Six of them, .info, .museum, .biz , The USIA was established to achieve US foreign Program cooperate B 9,8
r world IT market. Communications l (www.nbii.gov) Globalstar
(Germ) policy by influencing public attitude at home and e
.aero, .coop and .name have been launched, (Sw in the development a Corp
N (
i n provider of global
R ss N
E abroad using psycho-political policy strategies. The o UK
) i
the other one is expected to follow quickly. Information Assurance of standardized B
C t
I mobile satellite a
ICANN certified domain registrar I
and Survivability USIA Office of Research and reference service ) CORE members offer registration services under ? metadata N George 80 telecommunications most of these newly created TLDs. CORE is also technologies prepares data on psychological factors and descriptions of Herbert Institute of 1,7 services, offering a .us and .cn accredited registrar and many National Institute Laboratory for propaganda problems considered by the Policy biological data sets ex-director Walker for Research in IP V6 Computer Science, Electrical Planning Board in formulating psycho-political both voice and data CORE CORE members offer to their customers .us and Computing Massachusetts and Electronic Bush 2,2 services from .cn registrations. (www.corenic.org) and Automation Institute of information policies for the National Security Barclays Technology MIT Engineers ex-director # Skybridge virtually anywhere in CORE is a Registrar accredited by the Internet INRIA (FR) IEEE National Security Council. 21 (USA) ex-Director of over 100 countries Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers funded by Advisor to the ex-director Plc President of the CIA around the world by investor (ICANN) and currently operates as a registrar IEEE the United States ex-director for .com, .net, .org, .biz , .info , .name domain INRIA 380 000 members in 150 CIA
funded funded by Clarence names.(www.corenic.org) public establishment of a countries. Produces 30% of the (usa gov) was floated as a possible 3,7 scientific and technological world's published literature in ex-Director E. Briggs Clarence E. Briggs III eb Conso CIA Director in 1995 Fidelity nature (EPST) W rt electrical engineering, of the CIA III e iu Robert Abigail Johnson owns 25% Sprint France military service during Operation Juste Cause in d m computers and control ex-Director of i the CIA Edward C. Johnson 3 owns 12% USA 10 Panama and Desert Storm in Irak World Wide Web Consortium W James R. Schlesinger Gates ( technology (www.ieee.org) Honorable Corp. mbe W Nu rs d Commissioner on the CEO, Chariman and president of AIT A (W3C) l 3 Diana
ed u r funded by U.S. Commission on Alcatel C Board USA (http://aitcom.net) n th In October 1994, Tim o Zbigniew Henry A. James National Security/21st Lady
g o ) Sam R. James
i W Century s r Berners-Lee, inventor of the Internet Engineering Task Force Brzezinski R. Dougan IANA - Root zone: i Kissinger Brandes Investment s t Nunn Woolsey Member Homeland y The Internet Engineering Task Schlesinger
A Web, founded the World Security Advisory SWIFT/UNISYS 9,9 administrators of the 240 cc (
t
I Force (IETF) was created to Council Partners, L.P
A e Wide Web Consortium
In 1989, more than 1,53
TLD (codes ISO ".de" ".fr" ...) n
N 3 5,8
r (W3C) at the Massachusetts serve as a forum for
e 300 million A
www.iana.org/cctld/cctld- t g Stee ring FMR Corp. Matrics - RFID
) n
n Institute of Technology, i r e T technical coordination by I er in e as international Carlyle Group ICANN certified domain registrar whois.htm e g in k contractors for DARPA (Fidelity Investments) For more than two years, a team of former National Laboratory for Computer n g F Electronic voting machines-USA financial transactions 11th largest defense i G Americas II Cable System n o contractor Security Agency scientists has eschewed the Internet Science [MIT/LCS] in g E working on ARPANET, US A wide variety of automatic r r were made via 3,3 Board
Advanced Internet n o Member c boom in favor of a simpler task: building a better radio t
Defense Data Network Member
E e Advanced collaboration with CERN, u counting systems are used in the Tyco Submarine Systems e
Technology/nameIT Member SWIFT, which had
t
p frequency identification chip known as RFID. Now the
n
( (DDN), and the Internet core r
e
where the Web originated, I USA. In the 2000 presidential ank three switching International Ltd., and Alcatel
Internet E F
( e b
190 000 domain Names n r i company, Matrics, is ready to launch, and it's doing so
t n I
T r Carlyle
E gateway system. e
with support from DARPA and Member election only 1.6% of voters used t a n
F e
S centers equipped I Submarine Network Systems
t Member n USA
in 137 countries ) n Technology G with a $14 million investment from venture capital firms
n I I The Internet Engineering Task the European Commission. ) conventional paper ballot slips. c with Unisys (www.ait.com) e ia group Novak Biddle Venture Partners, The Carlyle Group, build Americas II Cable System Force is an informal, self- 9.1% used direct electronic d computers in Maurice Society organized group whose i l “Hank” Polaris Venture Partners and Venturehouse Group. (8,000 kilometers) (source : t ( Member registration, 18.6% used lever type T Belgium, the Greenburg soutient financièrement e IS Matrics (http://www.matricsrfid.com) closed the deal in TECT members contribute to the w 7,601 r www3.sprint.com) ICANN Accredited Registrar na rn O HI UR Center for voting machines, 27.3% used Netherlands and State Street ed m C US a n es e C R E Strategic and d December, but has chosen to lay low until its product is ig t B engineering and l .com" ".org" ".net" & A optical readers and 34.3% used n s O Virginia. s n ) International r 2002 launched. What the company promises is a cheaper, T
I A Corp. n Conseiller technological development of s
www.internic.net a E punched cards. The Federal Election o R Studies Government
u
a N
certified r D Board 4 administrateur smarter version of the RFID tag, which could be
m R the Internet. It is the major (CSIS)
o E Commission (FEC) has the task of
(
c
W I f T
b A N attached to virtually any product that needs tracking, I B
t
domain ) organization involved in the Matrics
. IP e AIG maintaining the standards to be r
clearing i p o
domain r (American International from DVDs in a video store to engine turbines in an
r o
s development of USA
registrar met by these balloting systems. n
o names f Group)
( airport hangar. Ideally, a cheap RFID could replace the c
-
I specifications for the new
network S y
C Voting on the Internet is also being
t
t Deputy
W 3
e A ubiquitous UPC bar codes on consumer goods because it
e
members from IAB and IESG Internet standards. The IETF i n I
N looked into carefully. Thus, for c F
r Chairman
T o
e S
N can track more information. t designed by Nomcom and Yawar
) 2 n is atypical to the extent that i approved by ISOC (Board of earc example, Internet voting trials were Director Trustees). es h T it was built up through a staged in four counties of California Director Shah JP Morgan t R a Director AT&T e s series of events, without any Council on the Future of in the weeks leading up to the investor n k Director Chase 4 Father of r rmation F statutory framework or fo Technology & Public Policy e In S election in November 2000. Internet Chairman o y
the Internet t n s r administrative board, without n t
e e voting was also tried out in Alaska I
c h m United e ? 2,2 any members or admissions g (in January 2000, organised by the n
-
e Kingdom
procedures. (source: Steve S
Vint h company VoteHere) and in Arizona
I
c The Address Supporting police S O Vint Cerf Cerf Coya, Executive Director, S (March 2000, organised by 3,97 AT&T Organization (ASO) ting rgan IP network or iz senior vice IETF, www.isoc- Election.com). André ? 21,2 ? world's premier created by Icann in August 1999, p a gfsi.org/ietf/tao.html) Martin Bank of Royal Bank John Deutch communications and p ti address president MCI Worldcom Inc. Organization Roelants Citigroup ASO manages IP adresses u o for Economic Read Nova Scotia of Canada This retired CIA Director information services company. S n Dr. Vinton Cerf is known as a "Father of the Internet" for his work with Board members Co-operation and 0,7 50 s from the Clinton ( The company has annual Dr Sang Hyon Kyong (serves as s A the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency Development
e Administration currently IP S revenues of more than $52
r (DARPA) where he played a key role in the development of the (OECD) 5 O Clearstream
Governor of International Council d eurojust sits on the board at # Eutelsat SA # Hispasat billion and 130,000 d
for Computer Communication ) Internet and Internet-related data packet and security technologies. School of International A Citigroup, the nation’s employees. (1998) (ICCC), Member of the Board of (www.ed.gov) OTAN Information second largest bank, The term Internet is first coined (1974) by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in enfopol Warfare John 7,15 90 million customers Multilingual Internet Names a paper on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). On January 1st, Jaap Deutch which has been 100 ? Consortium (MINC), and Chairman g Or # Eurodac Tom Royal Bank Arianespace rtin gan (1983) every machine connected to ARPANET switched to TCP/IP. ABN AMRO Kamp repeatedly and overtly Concert of the Board of Asia-Pacific po iz of Scotland involved in the p a On 11 December 2000, the icial N Turner ex- t Transatlantic Business Dialogue ud etw Bank Advanced Networking Korea u i J o Group documented laundering S o Member States adopted Council n r Executive Established in 1995, the Transatlantic Business Enfopol A massive a k (APAN-Kr) Consortium. He was l n ? e ( European Vice of drug money. o Dialogue is undoubtedly the most far-reaching regulation no. 2725/2000 p ? E ( eavesdropping J o # Astrium c r Minister of Information and N P President Nora Slatkin, retired
concerning the creation of u
o )
protocol S international alliance between corporations and E
Communication and Vice Minister t system capable of Commission Sate street
O CIA Executive Director 50
o "Eurodac." The objective is to police France
r states. Unlike other lobby groups, it acts as a intercepting all
of Communications in the ) ALILEO P establish a system for the network G also sits on Citibank’s government of South Korea mandate for the U.S. government and the European mobile phone calls, France board. UK Commission to work meticulously to identify ‘barriers Internetcomparison of fingerprints of # Eutelsat (probably connected to CIA). He rting asylum applicants and illegal ? Linda was on the technical staff at Bell po Or to transatlantic trade’ - in effect, any regulation or communications, HSBC up ga immigrants and facilitate the Smith 2,55 EADS (European Laboratories and Argonne National S n policy proposal that does not fit the corporate fax messages and Bank plc Jacques- Aeronautic s iz application of the Dublin BT (british e agenda on either side of the Atlantic. The 150 pagers throughout positioning Philippe BNP Laboratory in the US) a OL ( Defence and m t large corporations in the Business Dialogue have convention which makes it OP TE network Telecom) i Europe. R C 4,98 Lyman Chapin (founding trustee of o S Marson a U Space Co) possible to determine the State E ) Trans-European Paribas n managed to delay, weaken or even dismantle a
the Internet Society; served as N Networks
(
G responsible for examining the ? Directorate Entreprise
c wide range of environment and consumer-protection
chairman of the Internet i France N
r asylum application. (TENs) Directorate President and CEO, 1,5 ? e regulations, including a planned EU ban on
Architecture Board (IAB) and the S via
n
O (source: police BNP Paribas
e marketing of animal-tested cosmetic products.The Atos Origin
ANSI and ISO standards groups ) Securities Services G Daimler TABD played a key role in the launch of the new http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/le network Board of Euroclear responsible for Network and Chrysler WTO round of trade negotiations in Qatar last Transatlantic g/en/lvb/l33081.htm) Transport layer standards, and Business was a principal architect of the RIPE NCC November. Post-September 11, EU and US arms Dialogue Germany producers have taken a leading role in the TABD ion Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 2700 members izat -CE rd N and a new working group to find ‘ways to a model and protocols. Serves to the d 1,5 n s capitalize on... the new awareness of the European E éen R a Committee t
NATO Science Committee's p IPE u
o S
r Telecommunic. r
N importance of the security sector’ http:// o Europeene Deutsche u r
networking panel) E C p
Standards o 1,5
e
C f
P www.tabd.org a des Postes
e
I Institute n
e
Mouhamet Diop, Africa t
C t Bank
( i o Internet Security Systems m x E (ETSI) m et Telecom. (Mouhamet Diop is AfriNIC u u (CEPT) European ISS - Internet Security Systems - IP r a o ?
observer at the ASO address e Regional Space p
s Internet hosts the X-Force, a kind of elite e
é Registry Agency council, Executive committee on the )
R Internet corps for world information Steering committee of AfriNIC. A.B. Colin Security security. This company, specializing IC (À Graduated in 1993, from Business riN fric CEN/ISSS - Information Society Standardization System "Buzzy" Powell Systems in computer protection, is credited f a) ERCIM -European Research Consortium ? School ESSEC, France. built the A for Informatics and Mathematics Krongard with more than 60,000 clients most famous national IP-based worldwide, including 21 of the 25 network in the (neo-liberal country) IP WIPO - Word ISO - International WTO # TC278 # WS/MEET USA USA largest American banks, but also Senegal) Regional International Road transport Tracking and tracing the current 10 of the largest global merican Internet Intellectual Organization World A & Registry telematics position or status of goods under Ecole de Guerre tin for Telecommunications transport telecommunications operators and a C Property Trade French Economique A.B. "Buzzy" Krongard L a Standardization 35 governments, without forgetting ( r Union (ITU) Nortel Global i Organization Organization The current Executive b the White House and the FBI. Since C Government Networks I b Crossing IP # WS/DIR Director of the Central e July 1998, the US Army employs
N Regional # WS/FINREAD a
C Internet Intelligence Agency is n Board the ISS to protect all its world
Registry Directories and Specifications for a secure IC A
) L naming issues card reader for bankcard the former Chairman of bases. In 2001, the ISS recorded payments the investment bank A.B. 830 million alerts.(Le Figaro APNIC WIPO Internet Domain Name Process Brown and former Vice Entreprises, June 3 2002) 700 member organizations. -IEC/JT Chairman of Banker’s ISO C1 across 39 economies of the C # CEN/TC224 # WS/DISTINC ID Centre Trust (owned by America Online region. Within the APNIC I. C. Cards Common data and formatting Electronique Deutsche bank) LACNIC - LATIN AMERICAN AND (Asia/pa rules for identifying a smart card, America Online USA IC cif membership, there are also five the smart card holder and de l'Armement CARIBBEAN INTERNET N ic P ) National Internet Registries (NIRs), CELAR 35 million members ADDRESSES REGISTRY A AOL in Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, Cable & Bell Atlantic BOARD OF DIRECTORS IP Contracting States Time Warner Regional and Indonesia. The NIRs perform Austria Liechtenstein Oscar Messano, CHAIRMAN n Patent Wireless Corp. Internet ea O Luxembourg Registry analogous functions to APNIC at NetAid p r Belgium Germán Valdez, SECRETARY ONU o g CompuServe r a Swtzerland Monaco a national level and together u n Foundation E i Netherlands
Hartmut Glaser TREASURER s Cyprus a
e Compuserve
represent the interests of more t Portugal
h Germany i
o Fabio Marinho T
than 500 additional n Denmark Sweden 2 million members Raimundo Beca Spain UK Raúl Echeberría, EXECUTIVE organizations. Finland Bulgaria France Czech Republic DIRECTOR - CEO Turkey Slovak Republic (source: http://lacnic.net) ARIN - USA Greece Estonia 5,4 Yahoo ARIN is located in Chantilly, By agreement with the World Intellectual Property Ireland 2,8 David Jerry Virginia, United States. Its service Organization (WIPO) the EPO acts as International Italy As of July 2003, Yahoo owns Filo Yang (U region incorporates 70 countries, Searching and International Preliminary Examining Overture, Fast/Alltheweb, RIN SA) Authority. (source: http://www.european-patent- Yahoo! A covering North America, South office.org/) For the last few years the European Patent European AltaVista, and Inktomi 9 America, the Caribbean, and Office has, contrary to the letter and spirit of the existing Patent # The Regional Industrial # Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) African countries located south of law, granted about 30,000 patents on computer- Office Property Programme (RIPP) IP implementable rules of organisation and calculation (EPO) The European Patent Office finances itself by fees from the patents which it Regional the equator. ARIN currently (programs for computers). Now the European patent grants. It is free to use a certain percentage of these fees. Since the 1980s the Internet movement wants to change the law so as to legalise this 8 Registry consists of more than 1500 practise and remove all barriers to patentability. EPO has illegally lowered the standards of technicity, novelty, non-obviousness members. Within the ARIN region, Programmers are to lose their freedom of expression and FICPI (International # The EC-ASEAN Patents & and industrial applicability and abolished examination quality safeguards so as to there are two national delegated the control over their copyrighted work. Citizens are to be Federation of Trademarks Programme (ECAP) increase the number of granted patents by more than 10% and the license tax on barred from independently developing their preferred Intellectual Property Director 3,53 registries, located in Mexico and forms of communication. (source: Attorneys) the industry by 26% per year. As an international organisation, the EPO is not Matt Brazil. http://swpat.ffii.org/index.en.html) subject to criminal law or taxation. The local police's power ends at the gates of Cuts # EPO Common Software the EPO. High EPO officials have inflicted corporal injury on their employees and 2 100 Unicode Consortium (2003) AIPPI e Conso Full (Corporate) Members then escaped legal consequences by their right to immunity. The work climate ex-employee google Verizon od rti Numerous studies, particularly the reports of ic u within the EPO is very bad, leading to several suicides per year. The quality of n m Adobe Systems, Inc. the national groups in the AIPPI (International Larry Michael U Apple Computer, Inc. examination reached a relative high in the 80s but has after that been (Lawrence) Association for the Protection of Intellectual deteriorating, partly because the EPO had to hire too many people too quickly Moritz Basis Technology Corporation Property) have pointed out that there is no Page Government of India - Ministry for too low wages. Examiners who reject patents load more work on themselves legal obstacle to the application of the without getting more pay. Examiners are treated by the EPO management as a of Information Technology patent system to computer software. Thus, AIPPI (International Government of Pakistan - Association for the kind of obstacle to the corporate goal of earning even more patent revenues. The after consulting with all its national groups, Protection of high-level employees of the EPO owe their jobs to political pressures from within National Language Authority the AIPPI has taken a position in favor of Intellectual Property Hewlett-Packard national patent administrations and do not understand the daily work of the Director via Sequoia Capital eliminating the exclusion of computer software office. The EPO has its own jurisdictional arm, consisting of people whose career is IBM Corporation from patentability. (source: Justsystem Corporation controlled by the EPO's managment and its internal climate. The national organs http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/ that are supposed to supervise the EPO are all part of the same closed circle, thus Microsoft Corporation en/indprop/comp/michelet.pdf.) Oracle Corporation guaranteeing the EPO managment enjoys feudal powers in a sphere outside of PeopleSoft, Inc. any constitutional legality, and that whatever they decide is propagated to the RLG national administrations and lawcourts. SAP AG Sun Microsystems, Inc. Sybase, Inc.
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 7
' $
Valdis Krebs: Terrorists / Ryze Blog Tribe
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 8
' $ Collins: Sociology of Philosophy
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 9
' $ Alfred Barr
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 10
' $
Barcelona / Peter Davies – Joseph Beuys: Text painting
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 11
' Cronotopos – Barcelona $
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 12
' Lombardi’s networks $
Mark Lombardi (1951-2000) transformed business relations into art.
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 13
' Networks $ A network is based on two sets – set of vertices (nodes), that represent the selected units, and set of lines (links, ties), that represent relations between units. They determine a graph. A line can be directed – an arc, or undirected – an edge. Additional data about vertices or lines can be known – their prop- erties (attributes). For example: Alexandra Schuler/ Marion Laging-Glaser: Analyse von Snoopy Comics name/label, type, value, . . . Network = Graph + Data The data can be measured or computed.
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 14
' $
Networks / Formally A network N = (V, L, P, W) consists of:
• a graph G = (V, L), where V is the set of vertices, A is the set of arcs, E is the set of edges, and L = E ∪ A is the set of lines. n = card(V), m = card(L)
•P vertex value functions / properties: p : V → A
•W line value functions / weights: w : L → B
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 15
' $ Types of networks Besides ordinary (directed, undirected, mixed) networks some extended types of networks are also used:
• 2-mode networks, bipartite (valued) graphs – networks between two disjoint sets of vertices.
• multi-relational networks.
• temporal networks, dynamic graphs – networks changing over time.
• specialized networks: representation of genealogies as p-graphs; Petri’s nets,...
The network (input) file formats should provide means to express all these types of networks. All interesting data should be recorded (respecting privacy).
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 16
' Deep South $
Classical example of two-mode network are Southern women (Davis 1941). Davis.paj. Freeman’s overview.
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 17
' Temporal networks $
In a temporal network the presence/activity of vertex/line can change through time. Two types of descriptions of temporal networks are used – based on presence and based on events.
Moody: Drug users in Colorado Springs, 5 years
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 18
'Multi-relational temporal network – KEDS/WEIS $
% Recoded by WEISmonths, Sun Nov 28 21:57:00 2004 % from http://www.ku.edu/˜keds/data.dir/balk.html *vertices 325 1 "AFG" [1-*] 2 "AFR" [1-*] 3 "ALB" [1-*] 4 "ALBMED" [1-*] 5 "ALG" [1-*] ... 318 "YUGGOV" [1-*] 319 "YUGMAC" [1-*] 320 "YUGMED" [1-*] 321 "YUGMTN" [1-*] 322 "YUGSER" [1-*] 323 "ZAI" [1-*] 324 "ZAM" [1-*] 325 "ZIM" [1-*] *arcs :0 "*** ABANDONED" *arcs :10 "YIELD" *arcs :11 "SURRENDER" *arcs :12 "RETREAT" ... *arcs :223 "MIL ENGAGEMENT" *arcs :224 "RIOT" *arcs :225 "ASSASSINATE TORTURE" *arcs 224: 314 153 1 [4] 890402 YUG KSV 224 (RIOT) RIOT-TORN 212: 314 83 1 [4] 890404 YUG ETHALB 212 (ARREST PERSON) ALB ETHNIC JAILED IN YUG 224: 3 83 1 [4] 890407 ALB ETHALB 224 (RIOT) RIOTS 123: 83 153 1 [4] 890408 ETHALB KSV 123 (INVESTIGATE) PROBING ... 42: 105 63 1 [175] 030731 GER CYP 042 (ENDORSE) GAVE SUPPORT 212: 295 35 1 [175] 030731 UNWCT BOSSER 212 (ARREST PERSON) SENTENCED TO PRISON 43: 306 87 1 [175] 030731 VAT EUR 043 (RALLY) RALLIED 13: 295 35 1 [175] 030731 UNWCT BOSSER 013 (RETRACT) CLEARED 121: 295 22 1 [175] 030731 UNWCT BAL 121 (CRITICIZE) CHARGES 122: 246 295 1 [175] 030731 SER UNWCT 122 (DENIGRATE) TESTIFIED 121: 35 295 1 [175] 030731 BOSSER UNWCT 121 (CRITICIZE) ACCUSED
Kansas Event Data System KEDS
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 19
' Size of Networks $ The size of a network/graph is expressed by two numbers: number of vertices n = |V| and number of lines m = |L|. 1 In a simple undirected graph (no parallel edges, no loops) m ≤ 2 n(n − 1); and in a simple directed graph (no parallel arcs) m ≤ n2. The quotient γ = m is a density of graph. In large networks more intuitive density mmax ¯ 1 P 2m measure is the average degree d = n v∈V deg(v) = n . Small networks (some tens vertices) – can be represented by a picture and analyzed by many algorithms (UCINET, NetMiner). Also middle size networks (some hundreds vertices) can still be represented by a picture (!?), but some analytical procedures can’t be used. Till 1990 most networks were small – they were collected by researchers using surveys, observations, archival records, . . . The advances in IT allowed to create networks from the data already available in the computer(s). Large networks became reality.
Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 20
' $ Large Networks Large network – several thousands or millions of vertices. Can be stored in computer’s memory – otherwise huge network. Usually sparse m < Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 21 ' Pajek $ Large networks are too big to be displayed in details; special algorithms are needed for their analysis. Pajek is a program, for Windows, for anal- ysis and visualization of large networks hav- ing some ten or houndred of thousands of vertices. In Slovenian language pajek means spider. The latest version of Pajek is freely available, for noncommercial use, at its home page: http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/pajek/ Book: W. de Nooy, A. Mrvar, V. Batagelj: Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek, CUP, 2005. Amazon. ESNA page. Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 22 ' $ Main design goals The main goals in the design of Pajek are: • to support abstraction by (recursive) decomposition of a large network into several smaller networks that can be treated further using more sophisti- cated methods; • to provide the user with some powerful visualization tools; • to implement a selection of efficient subquadratic algorithms for analysis of large networks. With Pajek we can: find clusters (components, neighbourhoods of ‘important’ vertices, cores, etc.) or patterns (motifs) in a network, extract vertices that belong to the same clusters and show them separately, possibly with the parts of the context (detailed local view), shrink vertices in clusters and show relations among clusters (global view). Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 23 ' Analysis and Visualization $ I agree with Seokhee that network drawing is an iterative process that combines analysis and visualization. Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 24 ' Some comments $ While the technical graph drawing problems could ask for a single ’the best’ picture, the social network analysis is a part of data analysis. Its goal is to get insight into the structure and characteristics of a given network, but also how it influences related social processes. What is the goal: exploration of network data (layout editor), presentation of the obtained results (layout viewer), . . . ? What is a GD result: picture or layout ? What is the medium of the result: static picture on ’paper’, interactive layout, . . . ? What kind of user will use the result: simple, advanced, . . . ? Most methods are ’paper’ oriented. In larger/denser networks there is often too much information to be presented at once. A possible answer are interactive layouts where the user controls what (s)he wants to see. Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 25 ' $ Representations of properties Properties of vertices P and lines W can be measured in different scales: numerical, ordinal and nominal. They can be input as data or computed from the network. In Pajek numerical properties of vertices are represented by vectors, nominal properties by partitions or as labels of vertices. Numerical property can be displayed as size of vertex (figure), as its coordinate; and a nominal property as color or shape of the figure, or as a vertex label. We can assign in Pajek numerical values to links. They can be displayed as value, thickness or grey level. Nominal vales can be assigned as label, color or line pattern (see Pajek manual, section 4.3). Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 26 ' $ James Moody: Display of properties – school Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 27 'Douglas White: relinking marriages among the Aydinli $ Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 28 ' Sociograph $ Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 29 ' Lothar Krempel $ Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 30 ' FAS: The scientific field of Austria $ Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 31 ' $ FAS: Austria’s most important Companies Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 32 ' Katy Borner¨ : Text analysis $ Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 33 ' $ Ulrik Brandes: Discourse network Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 34 ' Jeffrey Johnson: St Marks food web $ Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 35 ' $ Large networks The simplest solution would be to take very large ’paper’. The standard solution is abstraction – clustering. We could also introduce different new graphical objects representing typical parts of network, LOD. The other possibility is dynamic navigation through network: visualization of the neighborhood with indications of position in the global network (darker/brighter background – distribution of neighbors) complemented with a global map. Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 36 ' Big picture, V. Batagelj, AE’04 $ subnetwork (n = 5952, m = 18008) of the symmetrized Edinburgh Associative Thesaurus Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 37 ' $ Big picture thrust synthetic telegram syringe signal whiskey studies white collar feminine produced comprehend legion ghoul spooky totter and lime wrap praise wilderness toga roman water wings cobweb wizard rangers celtic particularly orthopaedic rayon loom remove swotting working works muslin beware rack noah ark kit soaring shudder sod industrious coup d'etat silly bitch camera trench towers lent sleeping bag wind-screen priestess oz gauze rot quartered upwards retained pied willingly tie-pin understand wants slick weaver thicker collar taken succeed studying journalism strips topical spoil ruin offend worker mixer slabs masculine foreign lungs apparition pious petroleum paste stole witch sceptre spider web lipstick jill downwards piper gladly appendix tests especially bind whale spanner satin optics magician ghost pattern shears brussel sprout vocation intestines simon sipping slaked simplicity wiper mitre orb groan spiders halved chairs tables kept needs jamb thinner tie weave volume hazard wound twist sat mobile lick catastrophy powerful niagara seats hardness softness stubborn hated belfry nylon cravat render showing printing woven occupied conjurer topic option made nuclear mosaic lining brussels sprouts jack putty robust lime dew wire washing up palate sugars condition shrug kilt flounder obstinate plays theatres australia sort shove apparent obvious since harmed injure alien pale moan porpoise tied loved quenched learner sixteen necessities surgeon knot push cowboys trick wooden selectionrisk choice forthwith lambs reactor levi pope quench slake strong sallow newcastle screw screwdriver complain grumble izzy tartan whilst solving lo objection overruled revenue bats beginner type emigrate tug puncher precise rasp print rigid recently press patient naval silk triumph flying injury harm lay porcelain morrow jug ox disaster plug spark mesh liquid olive rod sacked cordial behold mule inland moorland heads tails possessed woolly timid shy rocket exact unlucky pull papers meths indians material spotted already ground painful litre created shepherds hut ewes strand jeans keg bitter thirst famine pang weak solid remedy samson delilah coals pool saturn planet mars jupiter dizzy during outside feed preserved fastener ladders harder softer slowest scotia owned fifteen venice source accurate stiff lately file instantly knitting winner hurt injured drip lens holiness swimming spa while starved inside turnip textile cain fuel shearing facile hunger lip venus heath ted fastest slower strain stress sitting yarn filter roofs operation accept 13 port unsure herald then explosion hurting liquor dry martini flock herd cinch pangs feeble juvenile cure hopper easter pier lakes gorilla smartie solved hungry rum wanted milligan snakes easier swede hump precarious tack supply yacht fears receive plastic uncertain vines grapes immediately hoarse loser ouch facility shepherd shed slash breakable licking pleat pleats chimpanzee famished zip straw gallon fragile possessing having dad dangerous faster sorts enquire demand navigation proffer offer abel 14 june launching harpoon now population lovers certainty fold groin wider goats sheep bleat cattle hard easy catholic delinquent vodka sip fluid holst shoulders skirt ape problem solve groceries starving needed swoop bugs bunny mum writer kinds profession flats paddle hopes provide literature fabric scratch itch rave rant draught boys simple swallow shoulder learnt horns monkey gut fascinating spike germs camel cider treasure deadly consulate postcard request maisonettes schooner soon strap july nous chez cup baa crew cuts fleece difficulty complex gulp wallpaper taste-bud epaulettes taught anthropoid tackled replenished bacteria trove unsafe text book mythology ask to be jib yield give donate gave cloth saucer when at once sure disk severe sons broader cotton stopper girls difficult protestant brown ale trodden thorn snog gibbon tarzan intestine pests chinese syrup throwing bondage tested statistics erupt or not to be empire disc toothache article wool soft sank hug aunt perfect boost greek hindered hornpipe folder tea-cup starched revolve flocks lenses guts tricky somerset foam foggy kiss fudge offside utensils implement tool lime juice tried unexpected wrongs twos superficial capone auntie uncle onward vessels stopped or not editor stamp houses waste times guardian overtake take given spacious sunset sunrise certain player record robe daughters flesh sport fang glasses shakes buttons ass tongue grease sunny serf slave attempted ones popeye newsagent wriggling sufferer reel dank meadow rained jungle jumping practice key-hole merchant august teacup crawly creepy falling whine inn thieves glandular protein insects homeward newt spinach tse tung origin pops rover pullover jumper hoyle legend donated extinct knickers select failed agony floor lino put placed snip pins decay tooth incisor soak robbers lips embrace pole ruins nibble dinner solution servant larva spawn volcano unhealthy al leaping weld private eye fred dwellings memoir writing seaman pass newspaper handkerchief groove worm spectacles reach attain damp hymn donkey sink kitchen servility pans signature tops padlock sweater homes myth include factory find out choose suffer needles corduroy moisture windsor cops douse fever starve flirt gagged bound frog troubled terrified surface godliness o.k. all right stupendous raise scrape sent indirect magazine lock slug ed tar heave anchor fail presented emery exclude quest fibre fell pain scouts guides diving sever braces cows bilge wet drawbridge fortress mouth drown tummy kippers sugar lumps seascape aided recipe tadpole smut pots cleanliness journal injection passed torture weeds bulls guiness helped valid wonderful direct lethal slack key hinges knob grip aground news pocket look for search pick tales ceiling windows erosion arid castle kings drought tremble float fishing gel talons infective morals strawberry next to vein wits flux funnels shipment mast steward sailing require until definite egg-shaped damsel distress glow stairs gash scissors trousers trews soil nip dry task toffee tray disregard ignore plankton creamy landscape silica housemaid toad croak ethics mao snipe wholesome jugular bored stationerypulp infliction herds raining alkali reeling solder wit fantastic britain loose knocker door handle wag prow cruise sailor bulletin clip tissue need wounded unharmed endure composition stories discomfort steps wick scissor cut shave cozy bullocks dehydrated martini england falls drinking boyfriend girlfriend rights eagle malady illness ail ailing tinned maid latter cripple unreal talking nova tight slams destiny captain secure join spasm candle crease creases desert queens confession thunder lightning planets netting cuisine appears electric apes monkeys flour um ease ache gasp parched indisposed jacket filled roam unwell adjacent staying speaking sarcasm kangaroo pouch hinge enter tail liner wreck matelot paper necessity image safe vintage ounce mutiny carver blade razor pitcher imbibe hanger sheepskin dragon agriculture leak golden personality digest vicarage raising seems meander wander nausea worried anxious mod rocker er wheel chair nit fabulous great marvellous close doors keys fate oars want reflections essay bounty suffering flue headache delicate sheath follicle blades earth breath frothy swim menu treacle civil jersey siphon soda ill crew tiredness phoney invalid sender pod pea slip slide sailors shut ship document mirror puppet quid discovery fork quake fur thistle plunge dive jangle jingle tasty sickness disease rugger poorly sick ports nearby open knock dock deck boat gazette reflect ink wine employment danger sunday migraine spoon knife wig curlers cropping shampoo pinch tap booze drink bowler mink dilute dog-collar character welfare feast refectory peas mosquito health puke neater hatch locks vessel quarto desire chimney casks thirsty eats tidier pubic potatoes closeness sooner oath masts ended closed ajar lift funnel fairies vine anguish humid nationality british hair consume eat wing vital silence broker nauseous spew placard haemorrhoids neurology paws latest swear liners began elevator cargo dingy canoe ferry reflection blob devalued pound dagger stab comb lager trickle coca-cola bar snack fields coat scythe tunnel contract goal oesophagus french kraut state nation bluebottle kite lump nazi nauseating slime elevate snarl growl at devalue busy broom sweep coif flood german magic wand oar grape mersey larder scones stock pond proper strike odontology near later earlier commenced started hold driving berth weapon sail vest pants pen heather cloak drinker brush bottles brew wards hat sickle eating fly concord jet fishes fitness eaters healthy sssh from home polo industry harbours ships begun director scribble lung cancer sword string cement cable beards wavy pub ale saloon currants tigers sole kipper dolphin ate pantry trim shush spuds absent tablet turtle virile fountain meadows leagues crane still rear afar away afterwards finished exams error sharpener jive carpenter ply froth cap fin food plane bomber frightened pebbles sandy toast grime shin nigh far gone with the wind mint docks ever ready pole vault grasp came rigging girders heap tropic bitten refill cartridge shaggy occupation blimey daily indigestion carving local brewing pint splash shower ripple instant cafe goalie shark bait plaice roe restaurant nuisance quiet yachts boats sharpen patience study pill ceremony planks bouncer crypt rugby lions aeroplane squalor hush snap jagged mistake meal flight beach quiescent untruth piles distant although upper going coming lying at last battery pencil poodle dance cor descending warning concrete throat sore beer hops arrows mineral infirmary tea football spiral net fish grub cater airport lake pest marmalade poster errant baron artificial ink-pot went decks moment finals corrugated ferrite reading scotch terrain haystack leash job teak carpentry tonic water ward coffee league soccer appetite spitfire scared dirt filth silent noiseless aluminium thread pup work wood recline antimony foundry bitch ripples crackle pilot preserve tart stork methylated spirits penultimate lower pillow-case playing chivalry hang done contain final matches boxer filings pile blunder puppy draw arduous cork plank splinter tankard keg bows h2o pump topper language miners mines staircase diet cod chips mackerel nourishment chef cook tomato screech sand pebble paddy southern noisy huff higher snoring knight suspend whisky passive knit needle barking toil isles career procure nurse whistle barrels taps china scuttle fearful toothbrush paw sketch timber mutton ram butty margarine rarely lies true gulf nap mentioned fag finally conclude ending scrap cuddly steel iron brace crayon dog bark dimension acquire get beadle cottage barrel shutter alcoholic reservoir hospital headgear english blend miner depth fired gill skate meals prime sauce judo thither hither tarts jam serene nightmare truth honesty hammock nightmares sleeping armour finish dentists active sew setter hound discover canals clear sawdust sills patients coal porridge life-boat irish northern dentistry biter bottle buns obtain lie fantasies waking beginning end token cox crate sill channel fill oats kettle fib false untrue dreams dreaming fleet metal ore fables monger teeth fangs switzerland pet puss rash concentrate ascending achieve raisins shorter tumbler window boiling soiree afternoon almoner balmy wave breaker field turn minister sausage pasture lamb ewe karate loaves dough jar loaf butter bawl peacefulspread falsehood gospel snooze kittens said dentist lace cruiser handler kitten find button thatch slate matron canon rector digestion stew slumber aesop pane cutlet chop bye scooters begin start accomplish detective fillings gums semi cat detect bear glass mad crazy shore fried fact persian stale marge depths calm detector deceit dream lighter de plume former either finality terminally dental perspire detached brick encounter dung lose win edge panther shear ribbon longer ledge clergy evening cans oceanography bamboo shoots fiction milkmaid axminster boil pork dinners bakery bread seagull parrot polly slumbers doze into pin seek abroad tiles alcohol wishers morning churches atlantic sane insane conclusion producer numerous meet manure pussy brighton choppy carpet underlay pastry crusts worth placid perjury reverie cheat sleep stated or george farther silky how flint godmother sweat prick lofty mortar subject precipice cliff sodium bolts nuts alcoholism well window pane perspex bishop future berserk home rule caramel pidgeon weep cry sob baker crumb value soften foresee pineapple fantasy after ashtray visual gallows weeding hide claws truck ambulance fiddler roof parson vicar present ocean pacific blackpool crumbs snore genuine real bricks ales curtain gnat harry royce deceive mantis before results nom plaything foil not quite colon states united low high bow cosy thing drowning slippers whimper vacant udder crests hatter mask breakfast drape pelmet wail crust harden rolls preying previous cigarettes audio name hanging alert snug exam barn length cushion hall drop pissed deacon altar curate past foretell sea coast tower cornflakes hue fiddle baking nimble shout unite actual else many incredible several tile enamel spires gift insect castles plum rummy gin clergyman waves proceed praying lover cigars fume swift wake coma complete edition slippy manchester ledger arrow object breadth width residence void coventry pew kirk evensong priest cartilage shanties taste flavour whisk frighten anxiety convalescence fahrenheit deep profound slice yell grains of course hater tobacco bedtime bureau toy depart washington d.c. skip warm gain twain mark barns sloshed boozed clanger frame picture moo commerce breakwater ribbons concern ha violin naturally pillowslip and few wall taylor mower index afraid diverse centigrade sought tag awake lend leave stack paint nothingness canterbury cathedral buzz effect cause salt water fret worry shallow fascist smoking lung cancer smoke rest fags beds letter envelope et office whether regulation rule exception row residing hop centimetre caution airy fairy leap liz bag wary loss outboard hay mat inebriated drunk soot gloss portrait church steeple tang score breakers necessary mistress seldom scare fear terror of fact fathoms scream tranquil pheasant lemon cigarette fracture darts brim lawn terrify cropper viola basin images stub aim mail pipe repose asleep borrow occurence polythene wriggle profit sober stoned empty cassock sergeant major matter unlike wheat partridge bad habit label cosine pillows sheet but rope abandon uneven rough smooth living shelf on break jump stitch learn petrol dart cellar tent artist calf spire methodist congregation profile planetarium lawns pointed essential often fright dread birthdays astonishment amazementbellow hitler cereal murmur chuck initially fetch off cache motor bale animal stomach cow parent knee master frequent vegetarian trade room parish amaze astonish market pictures leaving limit cigar hose happening abrasive choke thong squirm bedsit camping canvas chapel minor blunt cakes hood frequently broth pottage sine sheets post posted correspondence skipping connect first beg abate carry nearly squares shatter reader hurdle barges messing teach educate mileage esso board dolls wheels full bull pints unladen jigsaw puzzle crossword mists grass sharp doctors soup stodgy log edinburgh puff exclaim peck throw fling mattress gasoline shake milking tears vitamin c aircraft road works next astray sky-line second prevent almost library about accident spirit lots bathroom beak surprise festival raspberry pairs horizon ash-tray bedroom bed backward forward event last bring care leather circles fuck books cookery conjurors alimentary canal bicycles duodenal camp patterson churn reply congregate knives stealing shaving green alley omelette robin hen cormorant pudding stodge horror lagoon sludge postman doctor's letters silencer ironing nearer closer in milk conditioning forks pastures nurses quacks salty crow plaintive oh la la divan dose ulcer crystal minute binder secretary mexico ornament weights measures foremost medicine where scrawl write read book novel vehicle not out cleaner nut muck scrambled egg nest bird thrush chaff ostrich alike morbid napping groom bride consciousness parcel grab safety slow down scent around coagulate puppies manhole cover cabin driver lorry sewing machine floyd carton pilfering question response bells washer bowling ireland laid mince suet presents gifts whisper grain pyjamas smash stop circa rally peptic frock out breathe air lunatic starling fowl package ball boiled lagging however happen hour continent almond referee yolk timer finch crop nevertheless trotted handed alphabet flagstones arrive nude recount novels reference text author crag amen ventricle mass production garage cubs pink fizzle dairy jaw answer cello fools asylum candlestickmaker republic butcher sparrow blackberry apricot coke caked mud squelch different same identical slept take place cuff stethoscope elf snatch omit discontinue come halt pause yard car jeep land brake bubble clothe dress asked belly bounce bat vacuum brigade falcon feathers letter-box pillow cord bikes query unit ants atmosphere limb baked beans gull eater kneecap ahead eighteen occur link umbilical fist sidewalk pavement sometimes have to get set go desist biting laughing pages page transplants throb seatbelt worst traffic light leeks acid astronaut sphere idiots eggs firth tub bath infernal sold meat budgerigar osprey custard blueberry claw talon chick grates in front brisk trial tablets nineteen nil too much harmony tenth clutch hire onyx rolling stones best bone burning cricket haggis reap pow brakes drive jeffreys nappies dressing-gown nothing leek doubtful babies distance never always occasionally get ready locket something also led purple smokes ninth transplant heart tanker oil amethyst sticks inebriating piston beetroot scarlet wales these those wax twelve hens rug flame loaded bought leg cage petrel usually mix sow similar similarity dubious behind tribulation dwell pills galore not at all ado mauve bran wheel ford stone marrow wane eleven dozen umpire forth arm beater raw veal scotland strudel peppery snort wow chain spinning interesting pie harvest cranny remainder jury farm van ever nought everything cast as well collide crash cardiac notice crimson kitty fit pears apples amputation trouser dolly starlings birds dirtier juicy highland snail pack judge live dolittle doctor quack sneeze sometime measure hoist zero common market sign target hostel barrow spoke tyre paving mason hole anthill toenail red chloride licence haze bearing netball game epilepsy bacon chickens bake hearth amputate quality sweety apple grapefruit crumbly friendly plough anything blanket comfortable span bridge quantity pig remaining rapid medic various all rice trotter limp nook left prescription hay fever cough breed chatter everyone or nothing aces drain youth comforts midst better improve talked spare bouts mole orifice decorate chalet colour azure heat fog smog epileptic contention grate lemons oranges cinders burger biscuit digestive amount core juice jaffa amiable easel hog fitted lag exist die tractor duck bicycle bean as dealt cerebrum bleed adolescence keep waggon panda basketball other flowing impediment glucose reddish cake thigh budgie pear in hand boxing lead right correct physician consultant vendor seller spear canasta address home worse toenails communist thames burn dripping curried transport fruit orange avenue firs forestry jelly commission mire strive cha expire stall stains personally velocity talk coroner metre deal cards brain of humour bleeding retain bungalow barge mouse poppies himself blue cloud mist burst estuary speech fire coo annoy ham ebb tide joint succulent simultaneous discussion hearse bald scarf bonfire chess alternative bay sweetness sugar icing bagpipes keeper citrus persevere wrong spine winter summer section killed bereavement sentry clouds flow pip tangerine woods hedge rome shouting hypothalamus dozy matchbox very desk inanimate suicide action diamond tumour brawn instead screws commons semi-detached cranium nape casualty herself tot fete tune negroes negro sky chalk articulation hudson severn orator oration honey blaze flames ember mousse cadbury's caged cloister steak trees shrubs surgery acceleration speed haste chat speak blithe fingertips company limited trap squeak spring river sweet finder peel shock extinguish hesitation swiftly dawdle quick gossip tries graves discuss athlete dead death life fatal reflex say manner saver nails manor house skull balloon negress arson colours ankle dove juices pips forest italy resort hasty incorrect greatest back beard guard touch feel sandal granite plaster roads streets stifling head neck down settle midlands melody africa black blackboard waiting collapse brook stream dee speaker caster spoonful hailer loud chocolate corned beef seeker departs autumn feathered attic elms orchard alive giraffe sour gradual slow evidence hearsay extremely attempts and again blouse coffin burial rock fall rivulet hive rainbow tomatoes stroganoff bush bushes locution bias khaki churchyard stubble freeway wrath shooting looked died mortality funeral being human crying clot bible scripture tidings mansion mitten day try nigger mellow respond tumble decline arrest logs warmth sound abatement fry's sprain roast painting leaves loft shrub twins leafy front corpse lodging construct mortgage hot shrunken fingers up sit ascend white blanco cane diabetic stump peeling chicken slowly yellow jaundice warrant din noise avon owner predicate fast irritation hired hurry hasten coarse continue perfume shirt eve coffins road insurance tortoise shell haemorrhage beatitude therapy boulder box piping rise bees bee sting biscuits doves umbrella cherry ash below pigeon cringe rage anger exhaustion debate saw birth sniff mourn build chill cold glove digits stand night descend attempt brown corner bodied exclamation police cherries bitter cookies fir foliage cracker tinsel monastery hawthorn martin karl icy thumbs marriage evergreen happenings events exhausted watchman lion-tamer crook divorce meek monk incidents remembering information if club golf clubs links sleepy circumstance adam fifth tarmac policy middle centre blood donor anatomy scalpel total icicle shiver candles vase ring trigger hyde park explode capable 999 mild beet root wasp wedding deafening decibel daisies buttercups elbow rain leaf nun picking powder average proof fury ire pomp third fourth gore cardboard capital hand fed week shooter able illuminations oak elm branches christmas ducks above marx lettuce transfusion freeze misdeed forgetting moped bike tired yawn bumpy body relate freezing flowers bell theme engagement bullet gun firearm choir tanned zoology peaches strawberries stripes shotgun reverend mackintosh fig rowan drakes knees nippy bash thump struck sprint argue concur sleepiness snuff go back return come back street encore trooper navy plasma anaemic race sum gardens bandit turning sticky lights animals feather cliffs tree chestnut habit seconds gala rodents deliver result three-legged estate palm baton zoo pot rat salad acorn convent heavens rung mushroom lieutenant consequence alarm poplar who quickly confinement pedal rungs disagree weary what barracks regiment haemoglobin fable narrate mile built cool allotment menstrual shot pistol bout ugliness impossible botany tinker clotted stars milky way cosmology calamity rodent crawl creeper minutes stingy sluggish hit agree dispute rats fatigue fatigued apart giver binding arithmetic relay inch garden carnations rang rifle glue statue pollen cream bumble-bee council segment twig thicket pop group hollow glade cross-country anew again soldier transform concede coniferous pine osborne prejudice colonel hours springs stud ladder miss toadstool pride separate detatched taker soldiers sums shoe foot furlong constructed clock nostrils possible maple bough mean rapidly judicial cycle mice at all regard been army story tell william casterbridge bouquet transition period holster range bud change alter stick adhere tailor boiler song astronomy galaxy compartments daddy jane limbs prickly creep wept output branch vacation willing ivy holly wait amok run belong from repeat enlist may april dictionary time liberty devon john poker trot stallion shorts least sock boulders pimple gelding runner throbbing portion dash abide most rocking has salvation tale mayor slipper temperature petals shop actions boom hockey suit singer mummy shares legs arms creature input ness holiday apple pie liver miserly lente mare ride filly sprinter perambulate according look dot enrol prodigy peninsula city america pax arrange words o'clock clocks aquiline bang cave cavern cowslips broken probable sing cornwall blossom cabbage trumpet cooker cob president lollipop to gentle freedom star constellation flee sap smack stable walk observe bred romper stay squint stink newyork belt buckle assistant early nose bore station stocks holidays fuzz spot gas whore american law-court east intermediate kingdom gallop carriage belonging ahoy argument ally players stench mayoress non-violence thermometer rocks beetle armies girl atomic baggage feasible ditty senior platform locomotive vacations drivers loch high-speed imply kennedy poke pony see born troops island giggle pitt london rifleman boy dam bluebell malt vinegar likely queue broad celebrity curry willow solitary horses hoof horse refuse place acquaintance remain corps smell acquired obtained blow tornado mould yank west hooves foal stroll promenade there everybody communicate recognize perceive foe together graph chastity shoot au pair late nostril train distribute oxygen hydrogen rail monks hobby jockey fragrance castaway country town peace tranquillity chair geology angel got visage man woman games bomb napalm luggage forsyte bus conductor narrow junior cloudy technology freight morse code char thermodynamics harlot acne kidney laugh jest alderman brine wide confide rider amble will shall was is location shine breeze alone recognise lodge colleague friend comrade darn blinds fireside crescent sun salt saga rails compartmentwind raffle friar tube warden spots meter gnu gonzales ridden rode saddle bridle subtraction here companionship tock tick odour chuckle joke village radish boot war table abbey shit ray face features in-law atom pepper science railway ticket lady traffic drake miser ripe smile shanty existence westminster actress saline conducted fare inspector criminology quilt female quarrel mourning cavalry be add subtract amuse ville point religion moon blown willows measles mini-skirt livery trotting harness mane avoid shod isn't it enemy buddy aquaintance pail bucket chew maths algebra crags toe heel vietnam bulbs lantern rising beast beauty expression seasoning moss express engine bugle cried gentleman tuck imbecile garlic stool greenhouse plants onions pickles riding addition fortnight companion rush cubic communists tanks ejector neon mother leaver boss costume circus clown beneath cauliflower ludwig signalman male sombre blokes promise injustice cart in addition conception conditioned member provost hatred grin corns cactus bottomless tan rays loveliness steam diesel firework exchange remittance gong performance parking lomond photosynthesis speedy necklace observed neigh shaft grave among both chewing gum love loathe palms hands currency seat bench lamps blacksmith anvil chisel father matrimony waving blast lichen armchair stalk blew ligament fame onion railroad seen not me listen pal neighbour next door breeds stair case blister bloke comic battle forwards under corn fool engaged married gale hilly lone stare gaze ramble hiding grief dead-end yourself cherish affair feet panning torch pit today amusing teller impressionism strip tease beads epsom go to has not thyself you hear carry on match buying selling dearest bit nappy cradle hate loath conjunctivitis gloves chiropody confectionery light plant to-day mallet hammer middle-aged digit ware funny circular theatre over obese single furry fortune economy hash pickle snub lean lumps tenderness cortex paris yesterday thumb spherical flakes plump quietly wrist idiot heard hastings backwards axe hearer thank mound sledge double ken salts joined magistratelistener justice court data sorrow ego self they sitter passion emotion dislike toes sweets plated dark aspidistra nanny snow fat cruel garter gorge save hart stockings wee intake timing slim broadcast hasn't me because height route of cake baby cot resurrection charge eyes inches blisters bulb tomorrow scape billy nail finger alchemy benign accordion damn charm circumference faculty arts lard softly watch tempest storm and on mate france feature cube oxo chopper affection film physics wealthy thin skinny decker hurricane narrows magistrates themselves know divide multiply excuse slothful myself oneself we stature pansies christ pupils chocolates lamp darkness brightness daffodils kind goat chemistry classical round circle flake thick fizzy displease accounts wages overdraft pay tights denude solar system everywhere jester affirm nearest us why guide scout piece pram laughter like bunch manufacturer annoyance entrance exit gold advice cinema twentieth century basement diagonal dense cower dover bold hook tongs rotten chase combat trafalgar millionaire switch considerate play holy skiing spindly debts greeted smelling ourselves perceived radio inspect extra bliss indolent lazy idle must them tantrum facts crucify jesus glitters lampshade toys 20th square bargain rich zebra coffer singing geese sacred striped pathway listened wireless hunt are fragment mantel aggression mirth prefer uniform brilliant europe path glitter bloom shadows clamber films movies organic melt orchestra dean crossing lemonade north disturbance fund bank bills goose i counter hostile christianity way glacier chopin art inherited drama sale pursue daughter cuts disappear generous slush pop fizz grant reward booty gander position abrupt halifax anywhere follow more son lair not burden blazer climber crucified silver birmingham aster stem glacial concerto oblong poor south owing purse bribe guilty towel pledge did definitely ice age does maiden naked struggle fight clever cross pilfer rob roy burglar hall-mark beam flower decade act hearing aid co-operation octaves music rectangle brave stags deer payment twit noises am intelligent berg level gallery serenade such sly fewer computer didn't ice skates organ money endlessness december november fox programme bare figures convenience load crucifix glisters brum petal geranium perform mozart clash bid fearless cheshire finance wage spent verdict innocent minster sounds underground sprinted less premium ballet own possess have pets vanish stark conflict furious numbers cub nick theft steal thief robber stamen bull ring entry milk bottle help assist choral bach drum ban cowboy bracelet cubism corporal punishment edam cheque homo climb women valiant cheese fee ran were examine lodgings fair bright crocus daffodil hyacinth let isosceles coins allowance invest loot walked strolled scaffolding thou edifice bond james arcade certainly amusement repetition public conveniences maker sapiens skating top base semibreves allow cylindrical auction apartment crime buses crap expenses mart infinity others architecture consider reconsider once upon a time between angry gentlemen pyramid glimmer fetched bent den tamer cop kennels steep hill men summit counterpoint bidder fairy tale unicorn dime cheddar cash neighbours york rescue thieve rink brahms nickel till paths noun verb digs thee construction wolf pansy shining monotonous lass lad permit smashed flat due earn lily theirs retard mine punch for opposing ecstasy cogitate contemplate annoyed sect tigress tiger crooked chin eye shiner cats iris consumer communism merchandise peak mount floe bottom lid notes chief sculpture cost dollar felony triangle macaroni bill salary encountered gambling permission unkind site against think ponder courts gents ladies egypt vanity menstruation ant slope flower-pot space indian cent spend met mates old age wink pox pronoun architect appear chemist careful lion dogs young custody price retail refund owed piggy bank gap not nice granted ours yours thine erected kith dong building jubilation ja no anti seem imagine legislate deed miles her sight roar class goods mountain everest climbing persons crowds backside boring symphony pulse ellipse prosperous dollars squaw compel national account buffalo pan friends wings structure meditate law black eye him obey command vision parents atheist belief leisure dustbin beethoven force micro constable trams pension retreat retaliate truly believing consent ding opposed bones buttercup lioness antique rabble tuner piano forte cents famous poverty gent needy banks owe shilling kin only mind scarce joy yes slaughter solicitor lawyer barrister martial defend heavy indication order glad elated agent tulip god paternal sterling people mob accumulate county dull drab beat stretch kane coerce anthem small billion loan paid shillings horrid hothouse mercenary thrift leader his hers ancient new masses creator meeting spice unpleasant pleasure disobey part tiny my concept indeed happiness column weighty skeleton compound pleased leo perforation deity abdicate roses keyboard straight parallel petite wagon prize saving nasty receipt economics worlds professor seeing squadron aye feeling do don't dancer fun social happy joyful daisy attack craving old aged almighty ageless worship rhythm sonata dim crowd dreary defeat arse citizen folk jumps dunce honk francs debt pence darwin repay erect lifting rare handsom calendar calculation turban entire whole farce line large gastric lonely trek uncommon big somewhere ways destroy test laden roars primary elastic cleanse dipper evolution uphill sighted advance absent-minded nobody somebody idea means ping pong cabby taxi dispense sensation ear nelson celebration party mournful unhappy contentment unearth archaic ageing noon minus snowdon peer collect gather education half wicked dodgems brass heating central doubles badminton little flu ho shakespeare wealth packet grating pounds diffraction downhill sixpence upright imperative accordance cocktail cheerfulness gay contented lashes decrepit fellow demi india motors university campus lines expense stupid anybody should sisters lobe sad hell kong judgement school quarter elephant accountant spades your their notion really actually tomb amnesia cab brothers set neither tory oh weight prawn miserable armed shovel age outdated divine hong headmasterfailure evil band triad tennis trunk tidy neat horn policeman stormy bob snooty crisp inspiration with gramme get-together groovy morose ammunition guns years spade dig plus lord leavers cars good-bye hello college pusher flog bars one triplet poison toot silly coin ounces inferior conservative huge strategy our thought check media mass kill occurs nor labour gram ton fornicate ridge arthur throne cole racquet unjust unfair this reaction nowhere boggle ought without free cannot shaker ago teacher pupil excavation era eyelid 10 heaven comprehensive grammar spelling success achievement darling goodbye association spoken decimal drugs bubbles two three trio wipe clean enormous riches snob peeler heathen pagan flip superior melancholy content rifles create defence chaos business tins orbit unity daft foolish bobby pennies weather triste television judy that ideas examination reveal hounds happens within gunpowder make unload adult reign russia king lear costly dear word meaning thirty racket mucky bog potato flop whom arrival innocence legal rabbits slay rip ends lanky pray scales can grown plot orphan kid brought commandment borough humans classes prefect gazer pair of a kind four generation spotless rags loo foolhardy shopping list blight pin-stripe enemies tall sex glum napkin havoc husband actor beneficent rose bosom breast gazers dust hills mountains guilt manufacture grown-up monarch martyr saint departure show indicate hares tear compulsory hike kneel tin enjoyment surely gender masturbation amends child lucky spouse pure cheap forty suds couple dwarf flush dirty filthy inner prosper hundred spud smith's frying what's plan solitude u tape hitch odds brief opener soul masturbating disorder 9 spoilt royalty queen wife dandelion number count good bad manners dale chaste soap cancerous growth five quartet massive million thousand notorious penny crisps farthing date grew each distaste minimum fornication unclean searching refused natural contemplating scheme loneliness ample recorder short decree decrease mating burrow brat chap universe globe stage days nights reagents honours expensive jottings grand moth purchase bin anonymous tim prepared z motion demonstrate busby homicide forget recollect obligatory glee long gained found hoar frost dumb rabbit sandals infant fortunate every six ten archaeology elizabeth majesty de gaulle peg chrysalis celebrated colder hotter detergent bachelor climate soiled outer toilet infamous tax spree the b unpleasantness lather vast hare garbage pity thoughts movement murder forgive would bruises increase reproduce maniac laces adults wear props exceptionally blues lotus warmer buy stations steady ready rocky y essence vanilla indefinite article looking unnatural thinking incomplete variety matt societies remember doesn't could maximum credible maze discovered lost unhappiness forces deaf playground offspring cherubs seven 18 children ears crown world clothes-line corridorsdoer pregnant weeks degree pakistani jailor spinster clink featuring cabbage-white butterfly flutterby duckling dump perhaps squash sits a borne prosperity rubbish everlasting sequence series unfinished memory womb dejected bastard fray annihilate bolognese drag once coronet chart geometry excellent coral possibly trains ridiculous income pieces shame meditation perpetual sufficientenough suggestion quo gladness month labyrinth chemical paradise hearing-aid spaghetti shoes glare epoch angels twice atlas goes polar bear greet greens wash devil trinity corral reef drug ugly elusive sell blows lavatory probably maybe known stands smuggle romantic strange even illegitimate eight 19 kids madam quinine starring he foreigners unknown senseless contraband year shape bits sues suffice hence so mend illegitimacy ager boots forlorn upon a time group park nonsense sister vigour shrews oral therefore status longing odd weasel healer eternal socks lids ninety 20 clothes fashion fashionedhelper satan particle sentence nice phrase grotesque elopement recital affluence railways coons spending highest disgrace aah stanza adequate recall torn delight forgotten neuter stoat fierce envy nine charles panorama map comes banner sir apex tit pauper gravity she brother wogs per cent futile useless lowest ben contraceptive ooh thus wordsworth positive couldn't homosexual satisfy jonathan vivid heels admit charming view panoramic garment broke geography contours jutland succour beautiful stuff flatten trivial fortitude immaterial harold wilson sadism masochism verse poem poet plenty negative release 1968 peculiar queer repair grieving kinky goliath march teen ferocious sneak confess avarice greed prince garments hinder monarchy storage washing mainland pores shade sun-tan prison methedrine pleasant metric hiss solar pilgrim gosh bonny unimportant incognito strength irrelevant consist taming poetry elect opinion bountiful declare phallus let go unbound gratify erotica faire calcium modern greyhounds caress grow germanium poisonous breathtaking royal emblem history wed elan cell lovely unmarried system pretty luck golly faeces clyde agitate weakness grandpa rules statesmanpolitician finite prose ah nursery than saliva running 1969 liberal expect david protest optimism hope honest gloom togs pegs penniless flag intentions junction form jazz captive tyrant jail larger newton progress abuse trip excursion sanction unready unprepared grandma misuse confirm consideration infinite transmit aft rhyme rhymes oppose symbol regret weird walking please thanks tacks lust savoir carried brows iniquity faith district cities towns venetian snake vista quarantine garb lessons flagpole union jackmode jewels graft skin lecture inmate improbably export chance treble muscle horrible stir shirts ties totally dogfish comprise regulations fore vote poll spit loth unusual maturity mid-way nursery school holy ghost tempo laundry dermis lotion prisoner warder bigger ski articles things boo insignificant twin outing rhodesia catfish customs temper ripped apology sorry yearn opposite received pessimism wild pretender merry twenty locus regal questions molehill gaol objects possibility opportunity ablative dative beggars unemployed visible goodness thank you heeled quaint sin urban schoolroom rattle reptile wardrobe months hexagonal answers pensionsterribly give out convict tip violins stocking unlikely attractive leaps wholesale thoroughly completely follower disciple hoop nosy positively nisi merci thankful metres enquiries princess tricolour laundrette epidermis size knocks deltoid terrible awful assume presume dole forgot gracious grateful signpost invisible stroke frank family individual coon patriotism octopus chest hemp penthouse hostage sputnik neath saves vale import la parker negativelyexcise surmise oops aches woo remembered suburb turkish anticipate masturbate wish glittering gleam reason tickle folks shooters mountaineeringmethod marry drawer power quadruped harpsichord glen giant choosers a daisy yards narcissus horrific prisoners valley majority pains rather contrary personalstore private carbonate title motive sparkle lizard person reports snooker sari sense seventh suite satellite minority satiate unforgivable tame planning shimmer thrill long time polite wog prayer welcome virgin mushrooms shines fiendish sixth whip lash corrosion rust fiasco imprisonment warehouse no see well mannered stranger department excitement foreigner toadstools gleams Pajek Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 38 ' Michael Blum $ Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 39 ' $ Dense networks Dense(r) networks with more than 15 vertices usually can’t be clearly presented. For such networks a more appropriate display is using ma- trix representation. Properly reordering vertices can reveal patterns in corresponding matrix display. Matrix representation can be supplemented with display of properties of vertices. It is also compatible with shrinking/ expanding with respect to a given hierarchy (see papers1,2). There are different approaches how to determine good orderings: weak, strong components; topological sort in acyclic networks; special heuris- tics (Reverse Cuthill-McKee); seriation and clumping (Murtagh, 1985); clustering; blockmodeling. Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 40 ' $ Snyder & Kick’s World trade network / n = 118, m = 514 Pajek - shadow 0.00,1.00 Sep- 5-1998 Pajek - shadow 0.00,1.00 Sep- 5-1998 World trade - alphabetic order World Trade (Snyder and Kick, 1979) - cores afg uki alb net alg bel arg lux aus fra aut ita bel den bol jap bra usa brm can bul bra bur arg cam ire can swi car spa cha por chd wge chi ege col pol con aus cos hun cub cze cyp yug cze gre dah bul den rum dom usr ecu fin ege swe egy nor els irn eth tur fin irq fra egy gab leb gha cha gre ind gua pak gui aut hai cub hon mex hun uru ice nig ind ken ins saf ire mor irn sud irq syr isr isr ita sau ivo kuw jam sri jap tha jor mla ken gua kmr hon kod els kor nic kuw cos lao pan leb col lib ven liy ecu lux per maa chi mat tai mex kor mla vnr mli phi mon ins mor nze nau mli nep sen net nir nic ivo nig upv nir gha nor cam nze gab pak maa pan alg par hai per dom phi jam pol tri por bol rum par rwa mat saf alb sau cyp sen ice sie dah som nau spa gui sri lib sud sie swe tog swi car syr chd tai con tha zai tog uga tri bur tun rwa tur som uga eth uki tun upv liy uru jor usa yem usr afg ven mon vnd kod vnr brm wge nep yem kmr yug lao zai vnd afg alb alg arg aus aut bel bol bra brm bul bur cam can car cha chd chi col con cos cub cyp cze dah den dom ecu ege egy els eth fin fra gab gha gre gua gui hai hon hun ice ind ins ire irn irq isr ita ivo jam jap jor ken kmr kod kor kuw lao leb lib liy lux maa mat mex mla mli mon mor nau nep net nic nig nir nor nze pak pan par per phi pol por rum rwa saf sau sen sie som spa sri sud swe swi syr tai tha tog tri tun tur uga uki upv uru usa usr ven vnd vnr wge yem yug zai uki net bel lux fra ita den jap usa can bra arg ire swi spa por wge ege pol aus hun cze yug gre bul rum usr fin swe nor irn tur irq egy leb cha ind pak aut cub mex uru nig ken saf mor sud syr isr sau kuw sri tha mla gua hon els nic cos pan col ven ecu per chi tai kor vnr phi ins nze mli sen nir ivo upv gha cam gab maa alg hai dom jam tri bol par mat alb cyp ice dah nau gui lib sie tog car chd con zai uga bur rwa som eth tun liy jor yem afg mon kod brm nep kmr lao vnd Alphabetic order of countries (left) and rearrangement (right) Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 41 ' Contracted clusters – international trade $ Pajek - shadow [0.00,1.00] usa can cub hai dom jam tri mex gua hon els nic S. America cos pan col ven ecu per bra bol par chi arg uru uki ire net bel lux fra swi spa por wge ege pol aus hun cze ita mat alb yug gre cyp bul rum usr fin swe Europe nor den ice Africa mli sen dah nau nir ivo gui upv lib sie gha tog Asia cam nig gab car chd con zai uga N. America ken bur rwa som eth saf maa mor alg tun liy sud egy irn tur irq syr leb jor isr sau yem kuw afg cha mon tai kod kor jap ind pak brm sri nep tha kmr lao vnd vnr mla phi ins aut nze Australia L. America usa can cub hai dom jam tri mex gua hon els nic cos pan col ven ecu per bra bol par chi arg uru uki ire net bel lux fra swi spa por wge ege pol aus hun cze ita mat alb yug gre cyp bul rum usr fin swe nor den ice mli sen dah nau nir ivo gui upv lib sie gha tog cam nig gab car chd con zai uga ken bur rwa som eth saf maa mor alg tun liy sud egy irn tur irq syr leb jor isr sau yem kuw afg cha mon tai kod kor jap ind pak brm sri nep tha kmr lao vnd vnr mla phi ins aut nze Snyder and Kick’s international trade. Matrix display of dense networks. n(Ci,Cj ) w(Ci,Cj ) = n(Ci) · n(Cj ) Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 42 ' Generalized Blockmodeling $ A blockmodel consists of structures obtained by identifying all units from the same cluster of the clustering C. For an exact definition of a blockmodel we have to be precise also about which blocks produce an arc in the reduced graph and which do not, and of what type. Book: P. Doreian, V. Batagelj, A. Ferligoj: Generalized Blockmodeling, CUP, 2004. Amazon. Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 43 ' Island ’Dona Macabra’ from IMDB $ Gonzalez, Gibran Langlands, Rob Fernandez, Emiliano Janitors, The Cardona, Renan Arenas, Mathieu Misterio del latigo negro, El Cabello, Antonio Tesoro de Morgan, El Del Degan, Davide Noriega, Leonardo J. Calles, David Triboulet Blanco, Tomas (I) Tehtaan varjossa Villate, Victor Trevino, Alejandro Lupo und der Muezzin Aroza, Diego Gomez, Martha Primo Baby Buendia, Jorge Villarreal, Juan Antonio Tierra y mar del noroeste Velasco, Gary Lopez, Bruno Suenos atomicos Soler, Cote Busquets, Enrique Tu Hau Frank, Constanze Segarra, Carol Monja alferez, La Martinez, Pablo (V) D'Org, Olga Silencio roto de Anda, Rafael Frauscher, Richard Rayo de luz, Un Obregon, Julia Escobar, Valeria Roldan, Celia Hoy canto para ti O'Farril, Alfredo Zea, Kristi Todo un caballero Rueda, Enrique Martin Fierro Barreiro, Jose Parra, Aleksandr Perez, Jose A. (I) Sor Juana Inez de la cruz Camargos, Glaucia Marti, Adam Lopez, Celso Isla Isabel Deray, Sara Dona Macabra Wimer, Homero Calvo, Ricardo Madre padrona Delholm, Kirsten Morales, Lucy Pajek Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 44 ' $ New graphical elements To improve the pictures new graphical elements could be introduced: • Almost clique or bipartite complete graph could be replaced by the circle/quadrangle with the inverse drawing of missing edges. • ’multiedges’ Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 45 ' $ Core based layout I. Alvarez-Hamelin, L. DallAsta, A. Barrat, and A. Vespignani: k-core decomposition: a tool for the visualization of large scale networks arXiv:cs 0504107 Graphical representation should be simplified into icon omitting details. Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 46 ' $ Dynamic/temporal networks There are different types of temporal networks: • networks with implicit time dimension: genealogies • (recorded) sequence of time slices: Sampson’s monks • (recorded) sequence of events changing the network: KEDS • online networks: They rule Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 47 ' Temporal networks / September 11 $ Steve Corman with collab- orators from Arizona State University transformed, using his Centering Resonance Anal- ysis (CRA), daily Reuters news (66 days) about September 11th into a temporal network of words coappearance. This net- work was a challange network for Viszards 2002 session. Pictures in SVG: 66 days.(SVG viwer) Every year (from 2002) we have at the Sunbelt conference a Viszards session presenting solutions of Viszards group to a visualizations of selected network or type of networks. Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 48 ' $ They Rule Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 49 ' MusicPlasma $ Musicvine Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 50 ' $ Networks from the Internet Internet Mapping Project. Links among WWW pages. KartOO, TouchGraph. Derived from archives of E- mail, blogs, . . . , server’s logs. Cybergeography, CAIDA. KartOO network Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L % V. Batagelj: Some visualization challenges from SNA 51 ' $ Challenges • Visualization of properties • Drawing/display styles • Interactive layouts, common format(s) ? • Matrix layout, generalized blockmodeling of large networks • Additional graphical elements to improve layouts • Visualization (and analysis) of multi-relational networks • Visualization (and analysis) of dynamic/temporal networks • Visualization of dense acyclic networks (genealogies, citation net- works) Workshop on Network Analysis and Visualisation, September 11, 2005, Limerick, Ireland & L L S L G L S L L %