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Project Responder: National Technology Plan For Project Responder: Project Responder National Technology Plan for Emergency Response to Catastrophic Terrorism National Technology Plan for Emergency Response to Catastrophic Terrorism April 2004 Prepared by Hicks and Associates, Inc. for The National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism and the United States Department of Homeland Security April 2004 Project Responder National Technology Plan for Emergency Response to Catastrophic Terrorism Edited by Thomas M. Garwin, Neal A. Pollard, and Robert V. Tuohy April 2004 Prepared by Hicks and Associates, Inc. for The National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism and the United States Department of Homeland Security Supported under Award Number MIPT106-113-2000-002, Project Responder from the Oklahoma City National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) and the Office of Domestic Preparedness, Department of Homeland Security. Points of view in this document are those of the editors and/or authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of MIPT or the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ii PROJECT RESPONDER Executive Summary Executive Summary Purpose and Vision – Project Responder • Response and Recovery The National Memorial Institute for the • Emergency Management Preparation and Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) in Oklahoma Planning City focuses on “preventing and deterring terror- ism or mitigating its effects.” Since April 2001, • Medical Response MIPT has supported Hicks & Associates, Inc. in developing a National Technology Plan for • Public Health Readiness for Biological Agent Emergency Response to Catastrophic Terrorism, Events pursuant to a guiding vision: • Logistics Support Emergency responders should have the capability to prevent or mitigate terrorist use of chemical, biolog- • Crisis Evaluation and Management ical, radiological, nuclear, or high explosive/incen- • All-Source Situational Understanding diary (CBRNE) devices and emerging threats. • Criminal Investigation and Attribution In addition to the specifics of CBRNE devices and emerging threats, responders need to be pre- • Mitigation and Restoration for Plant and pared to deal with the catastrophic scale of effects Animal Resources that these threats may produce; thus a need for technologies to rapidly coordinate and integrate response capabilities from multiple local, Strategy for Responder Capability regional, state, and federal organizations and dis- Improvement ciplines is implicit in this vision. Developing a technology plan to fill gaps in responder capability is important but it will not The plan focuses on technology investment to be enough by itself to actually increase emergency improve capabilities within twelve National responder capability across the nation. In many Terrorism Response Objectives (NTROs) that areas, responder capabilities are limited more by cover the anticipated scope of emergency respon- resources and gaps in organizational capability ders’ requirements for dealing with chemical, than by technology. biological, nuclear, radiological, and explosive/ incendiary attacks on the homeland:1 Organizations responsible for improving respon- der readiness for catastrophic events need to • Personal Protection and Equipment develop a strategy for implementing the technol- • Detection, Identification, and Assessment ogy plan and assuring the successful transition of new technology into the hands of emergency • Unified Incident Command, Decision responders. Those organizations should consider Support and Interoperable Communications the lessons learned by other agencies who have 1 The National Terrorism Response Objectives resulted from a series of eight workshops and dozens of field interviews with over 125 emergency responders, a number of related groups established to focus on terrorism response, and 135 experts in key technology fields from across govern- ment, industry, and academia. iii PROJECT RESPONDER managed similar activities, together with the technology development should improve respon- unique characteristics of responder organizations. ders’ capabilities to deal with all types of catastro- phes, whether man-made, natural, or accidental. The following ten imperatives capture the main elements of an implementation strategy that Response Technology Objectives – A empowers responders and meshes the need for a National Agenda for Research and research and development program led by the federal Development government with the decentralized nature of respon- der procurement decision-making: Each NTRO chapter in this plan presents tech- nology roadmaps made up of new initiatives to • Establish and exploit appropriate responder close gaps in responder capabilities. The building collaborative environments. blocks for the roadmaps are Response Technology Objectives (RTOs). The RTOs recommend pro- • Focus federal, industrial, and non-profit grams for the federal government to adopt (in investment on the most pressing needs articu- addition to current efforts), and most are linked lated by responders. to the prioritized needs of emergency responders. The 48 RTOs described herein include descrip- • Insist on affordable end-products. tions of the objective and its goals, the payoffs • Leverage existing federal, state, and local gov- that will result from the RTO, challenges that ernment investment and infrastructure. will be encountered while pursuing the RTO, and milestones and metrics by which developers • Where possible, include terrorism response can structure a program and gauge its progress. capability into upgrades of normal duty cloth- Taken as a whole, the 48 RTOs may be consid- ing and equipment. ered a research and development agenda for improving emergency response capabilities. • Achieve continual improvement through spiral development and evolutionary deployment. Each RTO also includes rough budget estimates and a programmatic timeline. The different • Emphasize open architecture, interoperability, budgets represented in the 48 RTOs sum to a and proactive involvement in establishing total of nearly $3.5 billion, over six years. appropriate standards and testing. However, these totals are neither definitive nor comprehensive. The cost and schedule estimates • Identify existing commercial and government assume the continuation of currently pro- advanced technologies for integration into grammed efforts in related areas and assume innovative solutions to meet responder needs. effective leveraging of those programs. • Quicken the maturation and deployment of Furthermore, the estimates are based on top- advanced technology products, innovative down expert judgment rather than a detailed concepts and eventual capabilities through bottom-up plan. More precise estimates would modeling and simulation, demonstrations and require knowledge of the actual budgetary and effective commercialization. institutional environment in which the work is to be carried forward. Finally, these estimates con- • Focus investment in strategic research areas to centrate on needed technology research and provide future opportunities. development: they do not include costs for establishing standards, third party testing and Furthermore, although the vision and resultant evaluation, acquisition, training, maintenance, plan are for response to catastrophic terrorism, and the myriad other actual costs that will be technology development to increase responder encountered in increasing the capabilities of state capability should aim, when possible, for and local responders. What these estimates do increases in “all-hazards” capability. That is, provide is a minimum threshold investment in iv PROJECT RESPONDER Executive Summary research and development that the nation must decontamination, administer prophylaxis, take pursue, if it is to have the option of increasing antibiotic, “suit up” or don mask. response capabilities consistent with the goals, needs, priorities, and technology objectives • Stand-off Radiation Detection and Identification – described herein. Develop affordable, robust radiation detectors for stand-off discrimination and identification The RTOs, grouped by National Terrorism of nuclear weapons and dirty bombs. Sensors Response Objective, are: must be capable of networked operation and detecting unshielded nuclear weapons in vehi- Personal Protection and Equipment (PPE) cles moving at highway speeds. • Body Protection – Devise new concepts for • Integrated Remote Detection of CB Agents – improved body protection and create the basis Develop and demonstrate compact, low-cost, for prototypes. The ultimate goal is to pro- reliable sensor technologies and/or systems for vide the basis for a one-suit-meets-all-goals wide area, remote detection of airborne clouds system. and plumes of biological and chemical agents. • Respiratory Protection - Oxygen Available – Such systems should be able to reliably detect Discover and demonstrate new materials and and accurately characterize threat aerosol filter and mask designs to achieve longer dura- clouds at ranges of up to 1 kilometer. tion, lighter weight, with effectiveness against all toxins, low breathing resistance, and a cost • Portable Stand-off Container Inspection – of less than $300 per unit. Develop and demonstrate compact, non- contact, non-intrusive sensor technologies • Respiratory Protection - Oxygen Deficient – and/or systems for detection of biological and Discover new air storage concepts and chemical agents in sealed containers. Such improved materials for self-contained breath-
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