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Survey of Sources : Literary and Archaeological Sub Title Survey of Sources 룂좾鲾ರಗಳ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ Programme 咾ರ್ಯ响ರ ಮ BA Subject 풿ಷರ್ History and Archaeology Semester �ಕ್ಷ貾ವ鲿 III University 풿ಶ್ವ 풿ದ್ಯಾ ಲರ್ Karnatak University, Dharwad Session ಅವ鲿 2 Title : Survey of Sources : Literary and Archaeological Sub Title: Archaeological sources Learning Objectives To expose learners different sources to the study of History Session Out Comes Students will understand the Importance of the Archaeological sources to reconstruct History Archaeological Sources • Archaeology means study of material remains. • Archaeological sources are as essential as literary sources. • Archaeological sources are classified as Archaeological Sources Epigraphy Numismatics Monuments (Inscriptions) (Coins) Important Inscription 1. Bagapalli Inscription of Harihara-I 1336- Establishment of Vijayanagara Empire 2. Nellur Copper Plate (Changalpet district) of Harihara I 1339 – titles of Harihara I Raj Rajadhiraj Parmeshwara. 3. Shravanabelagola Inscription of Bukkaraya -II-1368 A.D. it gives information of Religious Conflicts between Jainas and Vaishnavas. 4. Bitragunt (Nellur district) 1356. about five Sangama brothers and genealogy of Sanagam dynasty. 5. Channarayapattana (Hasan district) inscription of Harihara II describes about the Bukkaraya after his victory he made Vijaya as his capital. Important Inscription……. 6. Chikkaballapur Inscription of Devaraya-II--1432 A.D it stated about the marriage system of that period. 7. Shrirangam inscription of Devaraya II 1434- Vijayanagara geneology and the Taxation system of Sangama dynasty. 8. Devulpalli (Chittor district) inscription of Narsimha II 1504- Salva dynasty. 9.Kandiyan Tandal (North Arcot) inscription of Virnarsimha 1507- Tuluva dynasty, geneology and achievements of Narsimha . 10. Hampi (Bellary district) inscription of Krishnadevaraya 1510- it is in Sanskrit & Kannada language it states about donartiongiven by Krishnadevaraya at the time of coronation and the relation between Gajapti ruler of Orissa and Krishnadevaraya. Important Inscription……. 11. Amravati (Guntur district) Sanskrit inscription 1515-16 it is in Sanskrit, it states about the Expansion policy, wars and achievements of Krishnadevaraya. 12. Bahmani’s incriptions. Bidar inscription which kept at ASI Bidar reveals the founation of Bahmani Kingdom by Alluaddin Hasan Bahman shah. 13. Arabic, Urdu & Persian inscription of Adilshahi’s of Bijapur Found in the deferent districs of Karnataka which gives information about the donation to Masjids & Dargas made by Adil Shahi’s. Numismatics (Coins) • Numismatics- Study of Coins. • Coins issued by the Delhi Sultanate. • Iltutmish issued Silver Tanka of 175 grains. • Bulban- Gold Tanka of 175 grains. • Muhammad Bin Tughluq : Dinar gold coin of 200 grains, Adali a Silver coin 140 grains & in 1329-30 Copper coins (Token currency system) Edward Thomas describe him as “ A prince of Moneyers”. • Firoz Shah Tughluq issued Jital- Adha (half Jital) Bikh (quarter Jital) which was mixture of Copper & Silver. These coins gives information of economic condition, name of the king, date and the religious belief. Coins of Delhi Sultanate Coins of Vijayanagara Empire Gold Silver & copper cions issued by Vijayanagar rulers 1. Pagoda/Varaha Gold Coin 2. Varaha – The Varaha also called Honnu, 3. Gadyan / Pan- Gattivarah, Doddavarha and Shuddhavarah. the Vijayanagara coins contain picture of Elephant, Lion, on the reverse side Umamaheshwari, Laxminarayan, Balkrishna, Hamum. It also contain the name of the kings. Coins Gold/Silver/Copper Coins of Bahamanis and Adil Shahis . Bahamnis were issued gold silver and copper coins. Tanka Gani and Falus. These coins throws light on Name & titles of Kings. Adil Shahis of Bijapur were issued gold coin Honnu or Hana, & Lari a silver coin. Sikandar Adil Shah issued Copper coin. These coins speaks Adilshahis were followers of Shia faith. Monuments • Monuments: means buildings / structures of Medieval period, that are useful to reconstruct the history. • They includes Forts, Wells, Tanks, Palaces, Temples, Public Buildings, etc. • They were built by Kings and his subordinate officials for public purposes, throw light on different aspects such as Engineering skills, technology, social, economic and religious conditions of the past Monuments of Delhi Sultanates . Aibak was a patron of Art, built two Masjids 1. Quwat-Ul-Islam Masjid at Delhi. 2. Dhai Din Ka Jhonapar at Ajmer. He started the construction work of Qutub Minar in Delhi. After the name of famous Sufi saint Khawja Qutabuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki. This was completed by Iltutmish Monuments of Delhi Sultanates……… • Iltutmish built Hauz-i-Shamsi, Shamsi- Idgah near Qutub Minar. Jami Masjid at Badaun, Atarkin-ka- Darwaza at Nagaur. • Balban built Red palace and his own tomb at Delhi. • Allauddin Khilji built Palace of thousand pillars, Hauz-i-alai or Hauz-i-Khas at Siri city founded by him. Jamait Khana Masjid at the shrine of Nizamuddin Auliya. & Alai Darwaza at the Qutub Minar. Monuments of Delhi Sultanates……… • Ghiyasuddin Tughluq founded new city Tughluqabad buit his own tomb and Palace. • Muhammad Bin Tughluq constructed new city Jahanpanah near old Delhi and built Adilabad fort. • Firoz Shah founded new city Kotla Firoz Shah built Palace & fort. These monuments speaks about the development of Indo-Islamic style of architecture and helps the historians to reconstruct the history of Delhi Sultanate Monuments of Delhi Sultanates Monuments of Vijayanagara Empire . Vijayanagara rulers constructed Religious and non religious monuments. a)Religious Monuments : Ramaswami Temple Virupaksha Temple, Vittalswami Temple at Hampi. Vidyashankar Temple Sringeri, Virabhadra Temple Lepakshi, etc. b) Non Religious Monuments : Lotus Mahal, Aane Aalaya (Elephants stable) Forts, Watchtowers, Palaces etc. Monuments of Vijayanagara Empire Monuments of Bahamanis and Adil Shahi’s • Bahmani’s wer built forts, Palaces, Mahals, Mausoleums, Madarasa and Masjids. • Muhammad Shah built Jami Masjid at Gulburga in 1367 AD. Muhammad Gawan Built Madarsa at Bidar. Other monuments Janana Mahal, Takt Mahal, Rangeen Mahal, Bara Gumbaz etc. They wer developed Saracenic style of Art. • Adil Shahi’s of Bijapur were built Gol Gumbaz, Ibrahim Roza Bara Kaman, Jumma Masjid, Asar Mahal, Mehtar Mehal, Sangeet Mahal, Taj Bavadi, Chand Bavadi, etc. Multiple Choice Questions 1. What was the subject matter of Shravanabelagola Inscription. a) Religios conflict b) War c) Victory d) Administration 2. Who Built Alai Darwaza ? a) Aibak b) Allauddin c) Jalauddin d) Firoz 3. Varaha was the coin of which metal ? a) Gold b) Silver c) Copper d) Bronze 4. Who Built Madaras at Bidar . a) Muhammed Gawan b) Hasan Gangu c) Ibrahim II d) Muhammed Shah I. 5. Which monument called as the Taj of the Deccan a) Gol Gumbaz b) Ibrahim Roza c) Bara Kaman, d) Jumma Masjid MCQ’s Answers 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B References Book : • V.D.Mahajan: History of Medieval India • Mehta J.L. : Advance Study in the History of Medieval India, Vol- 1(1000-1526), • L.P. Sharma : History of Medieval India 1000- 1740, • 哆 ಸದ್ಯ�ವ: ಮ飍ಾ 볁ಗೀನ 뒾ರತ飍 ಇ邿ಸ .
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