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Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: P51337-001 December 2020 India: Tamil Nadu Industrial Connectivity Project Mayiladuthurai to Thiruvarur (SH23) Prepared by Highways and Minor Ports Department (TNHD), Government of Tamil Nadu for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 November 2020) Currency unit = Indian rupee/s (Re/Rs) Re1.00 = $0.0133 $1.00 = Rs74.1311 ABBREVIATION AADT - Annual Average Daily Traffic AAQM - Ambient air quality monitoring ADB - Asian Development Bank AMSL - Above Mean Sea Level ASI - Archaeological Survey of India BDL - Below detectable limit BGL - Below ground level BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand BOQ - Bill of quantity CGWA - Central Ground Water Authority CKICP - Chennai Kanyakumari Industrial Corridor Project CO - Carbon monoxide COD - Chemical oxygen demand CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board CSC - Construction Supervision Consultant DFO - Divisional Forest Officer DG - Diesel generating set DO - Dissolved oxygen DPR - Detailed project report E&S - Environment and social EA - Executing agency EAC - Expert Appraisal Committee EFP - Environmental Focal Person EHS - Environment Health and Safety EIA - Environmental impact assessment EMOP - Environmental monitoring plan EMP - Environmental management plan FIU - Field Implementation Unit FRL - Finished Road Level GHG - Greenhouse gas GIS - Geographical information system GOI - Government of India GRC - Grievance redress committee GRM - Grievance redress mechanism HFL - Highest flood level IA - Implementing Agency IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IMD - Indian Meteorological Department IRC - Indian Road Congress IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature LHS - Left hand side LPG - Liquefied petroleum gas MOEFCC - Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change MoRTH - Ministry of Road Transport and Highways N, S, E, W, NE, - Wind Directions (North, South, East, West or SW, NW combination of Two directions like South West, North West) NGO - Non-governmental organization NH - National Highway NOC - No Objection Certificate NOx - Oxides of nitrogen PAP - Project Affected Persons PAs - Protected Areas PCR - Public Community Resources PCU - Passenger Car Units PD - Project Director PM - Particulate Matter PIU - Project Implementation Unit PPE - Personal protective equipment PPT - Parts per trillion PUC - Pollution Under Control R & R - Rehabilitation and Resettlement RHS - Right hand side ROB - Road Over Bridge ROW - Right of way SEIAA - State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority SH - State highway SO2 - Sulphur Dioxide SOI - Survey of India SPCB - State Pollution Control Board SPL - Sound Pressure Level SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter SPS - ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 ST - Scheduled Tribes TA - Technical assistance TDS - Total dissolved solids TNRSP - Tamil Nadu Road Sector Project TSS - Total Suspended Solids ZSI - Zoological survey of India WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dB(A) – A-weighted decibel ha – hectare km – kilometer µg – microgram m – meter MW (megawatt) – megawatt PM 2.5 or 10 – Particulate Matter of 2.5 micron or 10 micron size NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... I I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 A. PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 1 B. NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OF PROJECT ROAD ............................................................................ 1 C. BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT REPORT ........................................................................................ 2 D. OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................... 2 E. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR IEE STUDY ..................................................................................... 3 F. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT .......................................................................................................... 5 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................................................. 7 A. NATIONAL (INDIA) ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FRAMEWORK ................................................................ 7 B. SOCIAL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OF INDIA AND TAMIL NADU .................................................. 11 C. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND RELEVANCE TO THE PROJECT ........................................................ 11 D. PROJECT STANDARDS .................................................................................................................. 12 E. ADB’S SAFEGUARD POLICY STATEMENT REQUIREMENTS .............................................................. 12 F. CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................................................ 12 III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 13 A. TYPE AND FEATURES OF PROJECT ROAD ...................................................................................... 13 B. LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ROAD ................................................................................................ 14 C. ENGINEERING SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS ............................................................................... 16 D. DESIGN STANDARDS .................................................................................................................... 16 E. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT ........................................................................................................... 23 F. CONSTRUCTION CAMP ................................................................................................................. 33 G. PROJECT COST ........................................................................................................................... 33 H. CONSTRUCTION PACKAGING AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...................................................... 33 I. PROJECT BENEFITS ..................................................................................................................... 34 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................... 35 A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 35 B. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................. 37 C. COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES IN PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA ................................................ 57 D. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................... 57 E. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................. 66 V. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................... 71 A. WITH PROJECT’ AND ‘WITHOUT PROJECT’ SCENARIO .................................................................... 71 B. LOCATION AND ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................... 74 C. DESIGN DECISION CONSTRAINTS FOR VARIOUS ALTERNATIVES ..................................................... 81 D. ALIGNMENT MODIFICATIONS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ........................................ 81 E. ALTERNATIVES FOR MINIMIZATION OF TREE CUTTING .................................................................... 81 F. ENGINEERING/TECHNOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................. 82 VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ......................... 83 A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 83 B. SCREENING OF IMPACTS .............................................................................................................. 88 C. TYPICAL POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS ........................................................................................ 92 D. IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................... 92 E. IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT...................................................................................... 107 F. IMPACTS ON SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................ 110 G. PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES ......................................................................................
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    CENSUS OF INDIA, 1971 SERIES 19 TAMIL NADU PART X-A DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK village and Town Directory THANJAVUR K. C HOC K A II N GAM of the Indian Administratire Service DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS. TAMIL NADU AND PONDICHERRY. 1972 jo Ang o 0 I I­ oj (/) L __________ -- o~~ ~ .., ~• II II II I .... ,: I·0 - -----_-----""- _...;.. -- CONTENTS Page No. Preface ... v Part-A VILLA GE AND TOWN DIRECTORY Introductory Note: vii-xiii (I) Village Directory ••• Amenities and land use Appendix-I Land use particulars of NOD - city urban area (Non-Municipal area) Appendix-II Abstr<lct showing Educationa), Medica1 aad other amenities available in Taluks. Alphabetical Jist of Villages. 1. Sirkali Taluk ... 2 -13 2. Mayuram ,. 14:- 35 S. Kumbakonam ,. 36 - 54 4:. Nannilam .. 55 - 84 5. Papanasam .. ... 85 -108 6. Thanjavur .. 109-134: 7. Orthanad 135-152 " ... 153 -172 8. Mannargudi .. '" 9. Nagapattinam .. - 173-190 191-210 10. Thiruthuraipundi " 11. Pattukkottai '0 211-234 12. Peravurani .. - 235-251 13. Arantangi ,. - 252-282 iv Page No. (II) Town Directory Statement: I - Status. Growth History and FunctIOnal Category of Tov.ns. 286 - 291 II - PhysIcal Aspects and Location of Towns, 1969. 292-297 lIt - Municipal Finance, 1968- 69 298-30:1 IV - Civic and other amenitle", 1969 304-309 , , V- Medical, Educational. Recreational and Cultural Facll.t1es in Towns. 1969 310 315 .. VI - Trade. Commerce. Industry and Banking, 1969 316- 321 ,. V/I- Population by rehgion. 1971 322-327 Maps f'i!'.trict map of Thanjavur Frontispiece PRf:FAGE It has been the practice since 1951 to publish for each District a Census Hand­ book, contaming the Census Statistics for each village and town in the Distnct together wIth certain administrative statistics collected from the various Departments of the State Government.

  • THIRUVARUR DISTRICT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT THIRUVARUR DISTRICT Introduction

    THIRUVARUR DISTRICT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT THIRUVARUR DISTRICT Introduction The old integrated Thanjavur district was trifurcated into three districts, namely, Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts. GEOGRAPHY The district is situated between 10.200 and 11.070 of the Northern latitude. The district is bounded on the East and North by Nagapattinam district on the South by Palk Strait and on the west by Thanjavur district. Though Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts are collectively called the Delta districts, Thiruvarur district is in the heart of the delta districts. The Cauvery is the chief river of the district, fostering agriculture and Tamil culture for ages together. It is a very small district with a total geographical area of 2097.09 Sq. Km. This constitutes just 1.6% of the area of the State. At present, this district comprises of seven revenue taluks viz., Thiruvarur, Kudavasal, Mannargudi, Needamangalam, 1 Thiruthuraipoondi, Nannilam and Valangaiman taluks and ten blocks of Thiruvarur, Nannilam, Koradachery, Kudavasal, Valangaiman, Needamangalam, Mannargudi, Kottur, Thiruthuraipoondi and Muthupettai. Out of the total geographical area of 2097.09 sq km, the net area under crop is 1,50,900 hectares. TOPOGRAPHY Thiruvarur can be divided into three regions from the topography and flora point of view. They are the alluvial regions land areas. The areas on the banks of rivers and canal in the form of narrow strips. The lateritic region: This region contains mostly thorny scrub jungles, tropical thorn forests and tropical dry evergreen forests. The coastal regions: This zone contains causurina plantations, mangrove scrub, mangrove forest and southern thorn scrub jungle.