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1 Use it create mind maps Fill in my knowledge gaps and make and plaster it on my wall How do I make the best the connections between my learning use of my knowledge

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3 Contents page -Y8 K0

Subject Page Number Maths 5-6 English 8-9 Science 10-19 RE 20-21 Music 22-23 IT 24-25 Geography 26-27 History 28-30 French 31-32 Art 32-35

4 Year 8 – Maths – Autumn 2

Unit 4 – negative numbers Unit 5 – equations

No. Question Answer Example No. Question Answer Example 6.1 What is a variable? A letter used to represent an Price of rental is £c unknown number e.g. x 4.1 What is a positive number? Any number greater than 1,2,3,4 zero 6.2 What is a term? Each part of an expression e.g. 2x; 4; Underline the terms:

4.2 What is a negative number? Any number smaller than -1, -2.5, -55.8 2 2x + 4y zero 𝑥𝑥 6.3 What is the constant? The number on its own Underline the constant: 4.3 A positive x a positive is a… Positive 3 x 3 = 9 Y = mx + c 6.3 What is an expression? A mixture of numbers and letters Circle the equation: 4.4 A positive x a negative is a… Negative 3 x -2 = -6 e.g. 2x + 5 3x+4 = 10 2x+3y

4.5 A negative x a positive is a… Negative -2 x 5 = -10 6.4 What is an equation? Two expressions equal to one Circle the equation: another e.g. 2x + 5 = 10 4.6 A negative x a negative is a… Positive -3 x -4 = 12 3x+4 = 10 2x+3y 6.5 What is a coefficient? The number in front of the variable e.g. 2x (2 is the coefficient of x)

6.6 What does substitute mean? Replace the variable with a number Evaluate 3a + 2 if a=5

6.7 What does solve mean? Find the variable Solve:

3x+2 = 11 6.8 What are like terms? Terms that have the same letter and Collect the like terms: same index e.g. and 2 2 3a+4a-5a 2𝑥𝑥 5𝑥𝑥 6.9 What does simplify mean? Collect the like terms e.g. + Simplify: = 2 2 2 2𝑥𝑥 + 5𝑥𝑥 7𝑥𝑥 2 2 6.10 What is the nth term? An algebraic expression giving the 2𝑥𝑥Find the5𝑥𝑥 nth term for rule to find any number in a the following sequence: sequence 3,7,11,15,19 6.11 What is the term (in a sequence)? The numbers in a sequence Find the 10th term for the following sequence:

3,7,11,15,19

6.12 What does consecutive mean? Next to e.g. 5 and 6 are consecutive Find 3 consecutive numbers that add to make 75.

24,25,26 6.13 What is a linear sequence? A sequence that increases or Find the5 next 2 terms for decreases by the same amount the following sequence: between terms 3,7,11,15,19 Unit 1 – Large and Negative Numbers

1 Integer A whole number. -7, 4, 0, 2, 19, 897 It can be negative or positive. 2 Decimal A number with a decimal point in it. 4.5 It can be positive or negative -4.5 3 Place Value The value of where the digit is within the 5300 number. The value of the 3 is 300 4 Digits The symbols we use to write a number. 456 has 3 digits

5 Place value The names of the columns tell us the Columns value of the digits.

6 Picturing 21 is 2 tens and 1 one numbers

7 Ordering Putting a list of numbers in order. Ascending order: Ascending is from smallest to greatest. 7, 13, 45, 78, 124 Descending is from greatest to smallest. Descending order: 567, 67, 42, 16, 3 9 Partitioning Splitting a number up.

10 Reading Start at the decimal point and work your 1,256 large way up the place value chart to find the One thousand, two hundred and numbers. value of each digit up to 1,000. fifty six 11 Comparing We use these symbols 3 < 6 numbers = Equal to 3 is less than 6 < Less than > Greater than 6 > 3 Greater than or equal to 6 is greater than 3 Less than or equal to ≥ 12 Positive ≤Numbers that are greater than zero. 5 is positive 5. numbers

Negative Numbers that are less than zero. - 5 is negative 5. 6 1 Numbers 3 ROMEO AND JULIET- Y10 – HT1 - Context Key themes

Duelling and the concept of honour: Maintaining the honour of your family name was hugely important at the time. If you were challenged to a  violence & hate duel and you refused, as told in Saviolo’s fencing guide, you would be deemed a coward, thus damaging your honour and the status of your CONFLICT: between warring households; within families;  secrecy family. within friendship groups; and between members of the  youth vs age communities. This conflict results in violence; violence  individual vs society/religion Role of women in a patriarchal society: Elizabethan England was a society controlled by men. Women were seen as the weaker sex & were opens the play in scene one and it also concludes the play  order vs chaos expected to be meek & mild, and most importantly, obedient to their fathers & later their husbands. Guidebooks for women were even written with the deaths of the two lovers.  appearance vs reality by men such as William Gouge and Juan Luis Vives.  Internal conflict Arranged marriages: Marriages amongst the wealthy were arranged by parents in order to match or improve social standing. However, in  family  Paternal practice, parents did try to choose someone their child liked and was happy to marry. Secret marriages such as that between the young Romeo LOVE: Romeo and Juliet are willing to give everything for  marriage  Petrarchan and Juliet would have been both illegal and shocking. their love. But it is also chaotic and destructive, bringing  sex  Unrequited death to friends, family and to themselves. The Italian setting of the play: The play is set in Italy, which was known for its warring states. It is also a Catholic country, in contrast to England,  Maternal  Platonic where it was performed, which was Protestant. Shakespeare play on the stereotype of Italians being lustful and hot-tempered. FATE: It is Romeo and Juliet's determination to struggle against fate in order to be together, whether in life or death, that shows the power Significant character Symbolises Key quotes of their love A young Montague. Initially not How conforming to the “O brawling love, o loving hate”(1.1) interested in violence, only love. He is expectations of a toxic society “Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs”. (1.1) passionate and sensitive, yet impulsive. can lead to one’s downfall, “O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright.” (1.5). Romeo despite attempts to remain “my lips, two blushing pilgrims” (1.5) Key scenes and quotes separate from it. “call me but love and I’ll be new baptised” (2.2) “She hangs upon the cheek of night / As a rich jewel on an Ethiop’s ear” (2.2) S1: Prince threatens to kill any more Montagues or Capulets who fight. Romeo is lovesick for Rosaline. S2: Paris asks Capulet if he can marry Juliet. A young Capulet. Naïve and sheltered How the acceleration through “I’ll look to like, if looking liking move”(1.4) A S3: Lady Capulet tells Juliet about Paris and the party which he is at the beginning, Juliet develops into a youth to avoid societal “If he be married, my grave is like to be my wedding bed”. (1.5) C coming to. strong, defiant character. expectations can also “My only love sprung from my only hate.” (1.5) Juliet T S4: Mercutio and Romeo arrive at Capulet’s party to see Rosaline. accelerate one towards death. “Swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon” (2.2) 1 Romeo feels uneasy. “swear by thy gracious self, Which is the god of my idolatry” (2.2) S5: Romeo sees Juliet for the first time and falls in love. Tybalt sees “And all my fortunes at thy foot I’ll lay / And follow thee my lord throughout the world” (2.2) Romeo, but before escaping, Romeo asks Juliet’s name. They are both shocked to learn that they have fallen in love with their enemy. Friend to both Romeo and Juliet, also Unreliability of the “turn thy household’s rancour to pure love” (2.3) Friar expert with potions & herbs. Is paternal/moral leader in “these violent delights have violent ends” (2.6) Lawrence consumed by grief when they die, and contrast to the expectations of “Hold, daughter, I do spy a kind of hope” (4.1) S1: Romeo sneaks into the Capulets’ garden. S2: Romeo sees Juliet on her balcony and they pledge their love to guilt for his poor guidance. him. A one another and agree to marry. C S3: Romeo asks Friar Lawrence to marry him to Juliet. Like a mother/confidante to Juliet. Atypical maternal love and “she was weaned – I never shall forget it” (1.3) “ T Often says inappropriate things. bawdy humour which “Go girl, seek happy nights to happy days” (1.3) S4: As Mercutio, Benvolio and Romeo joke about love, Romeo gives Nurse foreshadows tragic and “Then, since the case stands now as it doth, / think it best you married with the county (3.5) Nurse a message for Juliet. 2 irresponsible advice. S5: Nurse (slowly) tells Juliet where Romeo will meet her to marry. S6: They marry. Juliet’s father. Prudent and caring but How the protective yet “My child is yet a stranger in the world” (1.2) expects respect. possessive role of a father “Out you green sickness carrion! Out you baggage! (3.5) Capulet S1: Tybalt comes looking for Romeo, who won’t fight him as they conflicts with the expectations “Death lies on her like an untimely frost / Upon the sweetest flower (5.5) are now family. Mercutio fights Tybalt and dies, at which point of a patriarchy. Romeo kills Tybalt. A S2: Juliet waits in bed for Romeo, but Nurse comes and tells of how Romeo’s close friend. Witty, bawdy, “If love be rough with you, be rough with love / Prick love for pricking” (1.4) C Romeo is to be banished for killing Tybalt. cynical and hot-headed. Can be seen as How even those who detach “Good King of Cats, nothing but one of your nine lives”” (3.1) T potentially the most destructive themselves from love and fate “a plague o’ both your houses!” (3.1) S3: Romeo finds out that he is banished, and goes to see Juliet. Mercutio 3 character in the play – his death is the can be destroyed by its effects. S4: Capulet arranges for Paris to marry Juliet. turning point at which catastrophe S5: Romeo leaves the next morning, and Juliet flees to Friar begins. Lawrence when told that she is to marry Paris.

Romeo’s cousin. Tries to keep the How kindness and pacifism are “Part fools! / Put up your swords , you know not what you do.” (1.1) S1: Friar Lawrence makes a potion to make Juliet appear dead for 42 peace and keep Romeo’s mind off of rendered obsolete in the face “Compare her face with some that I shall show / And I will make thee think thy swan a crow” (1.1) A hours. Benvolio Rosaline. His absence from the tragic of conflict and fate. “Tybalt, here slain, whom Romeo’s hand did slay” (3.1) C S2: With the plan and potion, Juliet tells her father she will marry element of the play emphasises the T Paris. lovers’ hopelessness and isolation. S3: Juliet drinks the potion. 4 S4: Nurse is sent to wake Juliet. Juliet’s mother. Has a formal How the focus on status and “Here in Verona, ladies of esteem / Are made already mothers” (1.3) S5: Nurse and the Capulets mourn Juliet’s ‘death’. relationship with her daughter – Nurse class can distance one from “Read o’er the volume of young Paris’ face / And find delight there writ in beauty's pen” (1.3) “I being the more maternal figure in family and remove the wish that the fool were married to her grave” (3.5) Lady A S1: Romeo hears about Juliet and buys poison to join her in death. Capulet Juliet’s life. protective maternal relationship between mother C S2: Friar Lawrence tries, and fails, to tell Romeo hat Juliet is not and daughter. T really dead. S3: Romeo arrives to the grave, kills Paris, then7 kills himself by Tybalt Juliet’s cousin. Obsessed by family How the obsession with “Peace? I hate the word” (1.1) 5 Juliet’s body. When she awakens, she kills herself with Romeo’s honour; quick to draw his sword. Hates honour can lead to self- “To strike him dead I hold it not a sin” (1.5) dagger. The families mourn together and vow to end the conflict. Montagues. destruction. “Thou wretched boy, that didst consort him here / Shall with him hence (3.1) ROMEO AND JULIET- Y10 – HT1 - Context Key themes

Duelling and the concept of honour: Maintaining the honour of your family name was hugely important at the time. If you were challenged to a  violence & hate duel and you refused, as told in Saviolo’s fencing guide, you would be deemed a coward, thus damaging your honour and the status of your CONFLICT: between warring households; within families;  secrecy family. within friendship groups; and between members of the  youth vs age communities. This conflict results in violence; violence  individual vs society/religion Role of women in a patriarchal society: Elizabethan England was a society controlled by ….. Women were seen as the ……. sex & were expected opens the play in scene one and it also concludes the play  order vs chaos to be meek & mild, and most importantly, ……… to their fathers & later their husbands. Guidebooks for women were even written by ….. such as with the deaths of the two lovers.  appearance vs reality William Gouge and Juan Luis Vives.  Internal conflict Arranged marriages: Marriages amongst the wealthy were arranged by ………s in order to match or improve social standing. However, in practice,  family  Paternal parents did try to choose someone their child liked and was happy to marry. Secret ………… such as that between the young Romeo and Juliet LOVE: Romeo and Juliet are willing to give everything for  marriage  Petrarchan would have been both illegal and shocking. their love. But it is also chaotic and destructive, bringing  sex  Unrequited death to friends, family and to themselves. The Italian setting of the play: The play is set in ……., which was known for its warring states. It is also a Catholic country, in contrast to England,  Maternal  Platonic where it was performed, which was Protestant. Shakespeare play on the stereotype of Italians being lustful and hot-tempered. FATE: It is Romeo and Juliet's determination to struggle against fate in order to be together, whether in life or death, that shows the power Significant character Symbolises Key quotes of their love A young Montague. Initially not How “O brawling love, o loving hate”(1.1) interested in violence, only love. He is ……………………………………………… “Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs”. (1.1) passionate and sensitive, yet impulsive. …………………………. “O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright.” (1.5). Romeo “my lips, two blushing pilgrims” (1.5) Key scenes and quotes “call me but love and I’ll be new baptised” (2.2) “She hangs upon the cheek of night / As a rich jewel on an Ethiop’s ear” (2.2) S1: Prince threatens to kill any more Montagues or Capulets who fight. Romeo is lovesick for Rosaline. S2: Paris asks Capulet if he can marry Juliet. A young Capulet. Naïve and sheltered How the acceleration through “I’ll look to like, if looking liking move”(1.4) A S3: Lady Capulet tells Juliet about Paris and the party which he is at the beginning, Juliet develops into a youth to avoid ………. “If he be married, my grave is like to be my wedding bed”. (1.5) C coming to. strong, defiant character. ……... “My only love sprung from my only hate.” (1.5) Juliet T S4: Mercutio and Romeo arrive at Capulet’s party to see Rosaline. “Swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon” (2.2) 1 Romeo feels uneasy. “swear by thy gracious self, Which is the god of my idolatry” (2.2) S5: Romeo sees Juliet for the first time and falls in love. Tybalt sees “And all my fortunes at thy foot I’ll lay / And follow thee my lord throughout the world” (2.2) Romeo, but before escaping, Romeo asks Juliet’s name. They are both shocked to learn that they have fallen in love with their enemy. Friend to both Romeo and Juliet, Unreliability of the “turn thy household’s rancour to pure love” (2.3) Friar ………………., and guilt for his poor paternal/moral leader in “these violent delights have violent ends” (2.6) Lawrence guidance. contrast to the expectations of “Hold, daughter, I do spy a kind of hope” (4.1) S1: Romeo sneaks into the Capulets’ garden. S2: Romeo sees Juliet on her balcony and they pledge their love to him. A one another and agree to marry. C S3: Romeo asks Friar Lawrence to marry him to Juliet. Like a Atypical maternal love and “she was weaned – I never shall forget it” (1.3) “ T …………………………………………………………… bawdy humour which “Go girl, seek happy nights to happy days” (1.3) S4: As Mercutio, Benvolio and Romeo joke about love, Romeo gives Nurse ………………………………………………. foreshadows tragic and “Then, since the case stands now as it doth, / think it best you married with the county (3.5) Nurse a message for Juliet. 2 irresponsible advice. S5: Nurse (slowly) tells Juliet where Romeo will meet her to marry. S6: They marry. Juliet’s father. Prudent and caring but How the protective yet “My child is yet a stranger in the world” (1.2) expects respect. possessive role of a father “Out you green sickness carrion! Out you baggage! (3.5) Capulet S1: Tybalt comes looking for Romeo, who won’t fight him as they conflicts with the expectations “Death lies on her like an untimely frost / Upon the sweetest flower (5.5) are now family. Mercutio fights Tybalt and dies, at which point of a patriarchy. Romeo kills Tybalt. A S2: Juliet waits in bed for Romeo, but Nurse comes and tells of how Romeo’s close friend. Witty, bawdy, “If love be rough with you, be rough with love / Prick love for pricking” (1.4) C Romeo is to be banished for killing Tybalt. cynical and hot-headed. Can be seen as How even those who detach “Good King of Cats, nothing but one of your nine lives”” (3.1) T potentially the most destructive themselves from love and fate “a plague o’ both your houses!” (3.1) S3: Romeo finds out that he is banished, and goes to see Juliet. Mercutio 3 character in the play – his death is the can be destroyed by its effects. S4: Capulet arranges for Paris to marry Juliet. turning point at which catastrophe S5: Romeo leaves the next morning, and Juliet flees to Friar begins. Lawrence when told that she is to marry Paris.

Romeo’s ………………………….. How kindness and pacifism are “Part fools! / Put up your swords , you know not what you do.” (1.1) S1: Friar Lawrence makes a potion to make Juliet appear dead for 42 …………………………………………………….. rendered obsolete in the face “Compare her face with some that I shall show / And I will make thee think thy swan a crow” (1.1) A hours. Benvolio ………. of conflict and fate. “Tybalt, here slain, whom Romeo’s hand did slay” (3.1) C S2: With the plan and potion, Juliet tells her father she will marry T Paris. S3: Juliet drinks the potion. 4 S4: Nurse is sent to wake Juliet. Juliet’s mother. Has a formal How the focus on status and “Here in Verona, ladies of esteem / Are made already mothers” (1.3) S5: Nurse and the Capulets mourn Juliet’s ‘death’. relationship with her daughter – Nurse class can distance one from “Read o’er the volume of young Paris’ face / And find delight there writ in beauty's pen” (1.3) “I being the more maternal figure in family and remove the wish that the fool were married to her grave” (3.5) Lady A S1: Romeo hears about Juliet and buys poison to join her in death. Capulet Juliet’s life. protective maternal relationship between mother C S2: Friar Lawrence tries, and fails, to tell Romeo hat Juliet is not and daughter. T really dead. S3: Romeo arrives to the grave, kills Paris, then8 kills himself by Tybalt Juliet’s cousin. Obsessed by family How the obsession ………. “Peace? I hate the word” (1.1) 5 Juliet’s body. When she awakens, she kills herself with Romeo’s honour; quick to draw his sword. Hates ……….... “To strike him dead I hold it not a sin” (1.5) dagger. The families mourn together and vow to end the conflict. Montagues. “Thou wretched boy, that didst consort him here / Shall with him hence (3.1) Versatile Vocabulary: Year 8 Questioning the foundations of society: questioning rules, stories and patterns 1.Fate is the things that will If you have free will, you can happen in the future. do what you want and you 2.Fate is the power that controls fate free will have power over what everything; it can’t be stopped. happens.

Module 1: Romeo and Juliet To be in turmoil is to be in a Tranquillity is a state of calm state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty. turmoil tranquillity

Reverence for someone or If you treat someone or something is a feeling of great something with scorn, you respect for them. reverence scorn show contempt for them.

If there is excess, there is more If something is in moderation, than is necessary. the amount is reasonable; not excess moderation extreme

To objectify someone is to treat If you value someone, you them as an object. think that they are important objectify value and you appreciate them.

To subvert something like a rule If you conform, you behave in or expectation means to destroy the way that you are expected its power by going against it. subvert conform or supposed to behave.

Module 2: Romantic Poetry Something that transcends If you capitulate, you stop normal boundaries goes beyond resisting and do what them. transcend capitulate someone else wants you to do. If you describe something as If you describe something as sublime, you mean that it has a banal, you do not like it wonderful quality that affects sublime banal because you think that it is so you deeply. ordinary that it is boring. Something that is intangible is If something is tangible, it can not physical; it can’t be be felt, seen or noticed; it is measured. intangible tangible physical.

Awe is the feeling of respect and If you have contempt for amazement that you have when someone or something, you you are faced with something awe contempt have no respect for them. wonderful and frightening. Profane behaviour shows Someone who is pious is very disrespect for a religion or religious and moral. religious things. profane pious

If you describe a person, or their If you are sated with Module 3: Gothic Fiction appetite for something, as something, you have had voracious, you mean that they voracious sated more of it than you can enjoy want a lot of something. at one time. Natural behaviour is shared by If you describe something as all people or all animals of a unnatural, you mean that it is particular type and has not been natural unnatural strange because it is different learned. from what you expect. If you say that a person or Restraint is calm, controlled, society is decadent, you think and unemotional behaviour.

that they are interested mainly decadent restraint in pleasure. Degradation is the process of Elevation is the process of something becoming worse or lifting something up so that weaker, or being made worse or degradation elevation it’s seen as better or more weaker. important.

9

01. Reactivity Series

What happens when metals Their atoms lose outer shell electrons to reacts? form positive ions

Why are some metals more More reactive metals more easily lose reactive than others? electrons from the outer shell

Name the list of metals put in The reactivity series order of their reactivity.

Name the two non-metals that Carbon and hydrogen are often included in this series.

How can we determine how Reacting it with water/oxygen/acid reactive a metal is?

02. Displacement Reactions

Why are some metals more More reactive metals more easily lose reactive than others? electrons from the outer shell

What do we call a reaction in Displacement reaction. which a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a compound.

What happens if a metal that is No reaction will take place. less reactive is mixed with a metal compound containing a more reactive metal?

10 How can we determine how - Reacting it with water/oxygen/acid reactive a metal is? - Reacting it with an ionic compound and seeing if a displacement reaction occurs

03. Extracting Metals

Define ore. Rocks containing metal compounds

How do we get pure metals Extract the metal by heating the ore with from ore? carbon, which displaces the metal from the metal compound.

Can we extract all metals from No, only metals that are less reactive than their ores? carbon can be extracted by heating with carbon.

How are unreactive metals In the Earth’s crust as the pure elements. found in nature?

Why can a metal that is more Carbon will not displace the more reactive reactive than carbon not be metal. extracted using carbon?

04. Rates of Reactions (EXT)

What must happen for a Particles must collide with enough energy. reaction to take place?

What do we call the minimum Activation energy amount of energy particles needs to react when they collide?

11 What is the frequency of How often the particles collide (bump into collisions a measure of? each other).

Which 4 factors affect the rate Temperature, surface area, concentration of reaction? and pressure (in gases).

What will an increase in any of An increase of the rate of reaction. the four factors cause?

05. Rate of Reaction - Concentration Practical (No Key Knowledge)

06. Thermal Decomposition and Catalysts

What do we call a chemical which A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction, without being used up, itself?

Explain what specific means when Each catalyst only increases the rate referring to catalysts. of a particular reaction.

How does a catalyst change the rate A catalyst increases the rate of a of a reaction? reaction.

State why catalysts are used in Reactions can take place at lower industry to save fuel. temperatures requiring less energy.

What do we call a reaction where a Thermal decomposition. single reactant is broken down into simpler products by heating?

07. The Structure and Composition of the Earth

Name the 4 mains layers that make The crust, the mantle, the outer core up the Earth and the inner core.

12 Name the 3 types of rock found in Igneous, metamorphic, and the crust sedimentary.

Define tectonic plate Broken up sections of the crust and upper mantle that move slowly.

Describe the composition of the Crust - Cold, thin, brittle rock. crust, mantle and core. Mantle - Hot, solid rock. Core- Solid (inner )and liquid (outer) sections of the metals nickel and iron.

Define Continental Drift The slow movement of tectonic plates due to the transfer of heat energy in the mantle.

08. The Rock cycle

Name the processes which Weather and erosion break rocks down on the earth’s surface

Name the processes where Compaction and cementation rocks particles are pressed to form sedimentary rocks

Describe how rocks Under heat and pressure underground are changed into metamorphic rocks

Describe how rocks are Underground rocks are heated and form transformed into igneous rocks magma, cooling magma forms igneous rocks

13 Name the process where rocks Uplift are pushed upwards by rocks forming underneath

09. Sedimentary Rock

Define Sedimentary Rocks Rocks formed from the broken remains of other rocks that become joined together

Name the 5 stages of 1. Weathering/erosion  2. deposition  sedimentary rock formation 3. sedimentation  4. compaction  5.cementation

Describe the properties of Made up of rounded grains and minerals sedimentary rocks forming layers.

Describe how fossils form in Animals and plants become trapped in the sedimentary rock sediments as the rock forms, turning the remains to rock

Give 4 examples of Limestone, Sandstone, Chalk and Shale. sedimentary rock

10. Metamorphic Rock

How are rocks turned into Heat and pressure metamorphic rocks?

Give three examples of Marble, slate, gneiss metamorphic rocks

What metamorphic rock do Limestone  Marble (building material) limestone and shale become? Shale  Slate (Tiles)

Describe the properties of Hard, with either crystalline bands or very metamorphic rock. fine grained, thin layers of rock.

14 Explain why fossils aren’t found Heat and pressure damages any fossilised in metamorphic rock. plant or animal material

11. Igneous rocks

Describe how igneous rocks when magma cools and solidifies are formed.

Describe extrusive igneous Lava cools quickly, outside the surface of rocks. the earth and forms small crystals.

Give 2 examples of extrusive Obsidian and basalt igneous rocks.

Describe intrusive igneous Lava cools slowly beneath the earth’s rocks surface and forms large crystals

Give 2 examples of intrusive Granite and gabbro igneous rocks.

12. Fossil Fuel Formation

Name the three fossil fuels. Crude oil, coal and natural gas.

Why are fossil fuels considered They take millions of years to form. a non-renewable resource?

What are fossil fuels made The remains of dead plants and animals. from?

What are the conditions High temperature and high pressure. required for fossil fuels to form?

15 What are fossil fuels used for? Petrol, diesel and plastics.

13. The Earths Atmosphere

Name the 3 most abundant Nitrogen, oxygen, argon gases in the Earth’s atmosphere

Give the percentage of 78% nitrogen in the atmosphere

Give the percentage of oxygen 21% in the atmosphere

Describe the early Similar to Mars or Venus. atmosphere. Lots of CO2 and no O2

How was oxygen introduce Plants evolved and carried out into the atmosphere photosynthesis

Humans are increasing the Burning fossil fuels amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by…

14. Climate Change

What do we call the increase Global Warming in average global temperatures, due to increases in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

Name the 3 greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide, water vapour, methane.

16 Name 4 human activities that 1) Burning fossil fuels (H2O, CO2), 2) increase greenhouse gas levels Deforestation (less CO2 removed), 3) in the atmosphere. Dumping waste in landfill (methane), 4) Agriculture (methane).

Name 5 effects of climate 1) Extreme weather, 2) Droughts change: 3) Ice caps melting, 4) Rising sea levels/flooding, 5) Loss of habitats

15. The Greenhouse Effect

What type of radiation does Short wavelength radiation such as visible the sun emit? light and UV.

What type of radiation does Long wavelength infrared radiation. the earth emit?

What are the three Carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases? Methane (CH4) Water vapour (H2O)

What radiation do greenhouse Long wavelength infrared radiation given gases absorb? out by the Earth

What is the greenhouse The gradual warming of the Earth due to effect? absorption of thermal energy by greenhouse gases.

16. Carbon Cycle

What is the role of the carbon The carbon cycle returns carbon from cycle in nature? organisms to the atmosphere as CO2 to be used by plants in photosynthesis.

17 How does photosynthesis Plants absorb CO2 for photosynthesis so affect the carbon cycle? reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere

How does respiration affect Releases CO2 so increases CO2 levels in the the carbon cycle? atmosphere

How does combustion affect Releases CO2 so increases CO2 levels in the the carbon cycle? atmosphere

How does decaying matter Most decaying matter is returned to the affect the carbon cycle? atmosphere via decomposition. However, some is converted into fossil fuels.

How does feeding affect the Feeding does not add or remove carbon carbon cycle? from the cycle, but passes it from organism to organism.

17. Recycling

What are the ways of reducing Reduce the use of limited resources/ the use of limited resources? recycle them/ reuse them

What are some examples of Metals, glass, building materials, clay products that are produced ceramics and most plastics from limited raw materials?

State the impacts of using Depleting energy sources/ landfill space limited resources. taken up/ environmental impacts/ quarrying or mining uses energy.

What do we define using an Reusing object for the same specific function, more than once as?

What do we define taking the Recycling waste materials from one

18 product to make a whole new one.as?

19 Year 8 RE Knowledge Organiser

1. Key terms 2. Siddhartha’s life 3. Key facts

Bodhi The tree the sat beneath when he The founder of was enlightened. Born a prince. Buddhism was

. A holy man told his dad Siddhartha would either be a great Siddhartha Buddha An enlightened being, also the title given leader or a holy man. Gautama to the first Buddha Siddhartha Gautama . He left the palace to find out the answer to a key question Buddhism ‘why do people suffer?’ began in India Buddhism Religion of Buddhists . He went on a mission to find the answers which involved Buddhists do making wrong decisions for example starving himself. . One day he sat under the and had an experience he not believe Buddharupa Statue of the Buddha. called enlightenment. there is a God Dukkha This word describes all suffering, whether All Buddhists it is very bad suffering or only slight are aiming to become To understand the truth about life Enlightenment 5. and Magga enlightened . Everyone suffers all of the time in many different ways. Buddhists go to . Suffering is caused by wanting (craving) things. Four Noble Truths The four things Buddhists believe applies the to . To stop suffering you have to stop craving things. to all people and all life worship . If you follow the teachings of the Buddha you will stop craving and Meditate Thinking deeply, usually to concentrate on therefore stop suffering. All Buddhists a religious thought . Buddha’s teachings are about living the (Magga). will mediate . Precept Moral guidelines followed by Buddhists. Buddha did not believe that people needed a luxurious life and he also Buddhism is said that people should not punish themselves but take only what they Worship An act to show respect. older than need. Christianity . Buddhists also follow the Buddha’s example of meditating in order to 4. Dukkha: Suffering help them clear their mind and not become distracted.

. Buddhists believe that everyone suffers all of the time. . In life people crave things to stay the same and not change because everything in this life is impermanent. 6. Theories of Suffering . When things change, we suffer for example when we get . Suffering helps you develop as a person elderly we suffer. . Suffering allows people to do good things . There are many examples of physical suffering in the world . Christians believe that God has given humans free will. such as when people are ill. . Muslims believe that suffering is part of God’s test.

20 What does Dukkha mean to Buddhists?

What do Buddhist believe about suffering?

Can you provide 3 examples of suffering in the world?

How do Buddhist suggest you can escape suffering in this world?

What is the “middle way?”

What are the benefits of experiencing suffering?

What is the ultimate goal of Buddhist?

What is the purpose of Buddhist meditating?

How do you find calmness?- for example Buddhist meditate. 21 Section 1 – Musical Concepts in Blues Lyrics The words to a poem or song. Structure How the music is organised. Binary Form Music with two different sections. Chord More than one note played at the same time. Chord How the chords are organised within the

Progression song. Autumn 2

12 Bar Blues A style of Blues named after the chord - progression. The chord progression lasts Section 2 – Blues Music Features 12 bars and uses three chords. Walking Bass A type of bass ostinato that moves up and down a scale. Scat-Singing A type of singing where the lyrics are nonsense. Improvisation Creating music without planning – making it up on the spot. Syncopation Shifting the emphasis off the main beats of the music.

Backbeat A drumbeat with the snare 22 emphasising beats 2 and 4. Year 8 Music Year Section 3 – Musical Concepts in Blues (part 2) Tone Two notes separated by one other note Semitone Two notes next to each other Conjunct Small gaps (steps) between notes Disjunct Larger gaps (leaps) between notes Scale A set of notes ordered by pitch. Blues Scale A scale containing 6 notes, the middle note being a “Tritone”. Autumn 2 Tritone Two notes that are three tones apart. - Section 4 – Ornamentation Ostinato A repeating pattern of notes. Pitch Bend Change the pitch of a note. Glissando A continuous slide between two notes. Portamento A slide between two notes. Trill Quickly swap between two notes. Pedal Note Sustain or return to a note throughout.

A very quick note played just before23 a main Acciaccatura Tritone note. Year 8 Music Year OALP ICT DEPT Year 8 Revision: Computational Thinking & Algorithm Design

Computational Thinking Pseudocode Flowchart Symbols

Computational Thinking:

Decomposition:

Pattern Recognition:

Abstraction:

Algorithm Design:

Variables Boolean Sequence Selection Looping

24 25 KS3 Geography Knowledge: Climate Change RECENT GLOBAL WARMING LONG TERM CLIMATE CHANGE

How have global Over the past 800,000 years How has global More recently the earth’s temperature has temperatures the earth’s climate has temperature shown a rapidly warming trend, with changed over the past fluctuated with periods of changed since average temperatures continuing to grow. 800,000 years? warm weather and periods 1860? of colder weather. More specifically… In 1883, the average temperature was 13.5°C, whereas in 1960 the average More specifically….. 300,000 years ago, temperature had risen t 14.0°C. By 1985, the average global average temperature had risen to almost temperatures were 4°C 14.4°C. warmer than today, where as approximately THERMOMETER • Average global temperatures have risen 420,000 years ago, average global temperatures were 9°C colder than today. RECORDS by 0.8°C in the last 100 years. • Most of the warming has occurred recently. • In the last 35 years, average temperatures have risen by 0.5°C. • The 20 warmest years on record have all come since 1995. HISTORICAL RECORDS Historical documents show that temperature changes have resulted in periods of history where the • The five warmest years on record have come since 2010, with 2016 being the warmest year yet. earth was colder than today (glacials) and warmer than today (interglacials). During the Little Ice Age, Napoleon’s army froze to death. SATELLITE IMAGES Arctic ice cover has decreased since the 1970s. It has reduced by approximately 4% and has halved in thickness in many places. PAINTINGS Paintings from 1677 show that the Thames was previously frozen over! SEA LEVEL RISE Rises in temperature and melting ice sheets has resulted in a rise in sea levels.

NATURAL CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE HUMAN CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Solar output The Greenhouse A sunspot is dark patch on the sun that appears from time to time. Every 11 years the A) Humans produce greenhouse gases, which create a blanket Effect number of sunspots changes from very few to lots to very few again. around the earth. B) Sunlight travels to earth as shortwave radiation. Lots of sunspots = warmer Very few sunspots = cooler C) Sunlight bounces off the earth’s surface as long-wave radiation. This reflected sunlight is trapped in the earth’s • During 1645–1715 there were very few sunspots. During this time, there was a very atmosphere by the greenhouse gases = earth heats up. cold period known as the ‘Little Ice Age’. D) Some heat does manage to escape.

Volcanic How does human activity = greenhouse gases? Activity Violent volcanic eruptions blast lots of ash, gases (e.g. sulphur dioxide) and liquids into the atmosphere. Major volcanic eruptions lead to a brief Methane Cows produce a methane when they fart, belch and poo. Methane is a greenhouse gas that traps period of global cooling. This is because the ash, gases and liquids can longwave radiation in the earth’s atmosphere. block out the sun’s rays, reducing the temperature. • Pinatubo 1991 eruption = world temperatures fell by 0.5°C for Humans are to The world’s population is rising and countries are becoming more developed = there are more people and a year. blame because…. more families that have money to spend on food (e.g. meat) = rising demand for meat = more animals farmed = more methane produced. Orbital Orbital change refers to changes in how the earth moves round the sun. It Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is the greenhouse gas that people are most worried about, as it is the one we are adding Change affects how close the earth is to the sun and therefore how much energy we to the atmosphere fastest. get from the sun. When the earth is very close to the sun, it is warmer.  Fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil) are burnt to make energy = carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. When the earth is further away from the sun, it is cooler.  Humans drive cars, which release carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane into the atmosphere. • Eccentricity: how the earth orbits the sun. Every 100,000 years the orbit 26 changes from circular to elliptical (egg-shaped). This affected how earth Humans are to Rising population and more developed countries = increased demand for electricity = more carbon dioxide is to the sun. blame because… produced. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE Sea level rise due to melting ice Extreme weather (drought) = Pests & diseases: mosquitoes Habitats will be lost Pests & diseases: an increase of 2°C Extreme weather (hurricanes). In sheets = flooding in low lying crops will die = famine. A love hot weather. Global due to extreme will mean more pests = more crops 2017 there were 83 storms and 42 Extreme weather events = increase in countries (Bangladesh). 80% of famine occurred in Somalia warming will = 90 million weather associated will die. E.g. wheat yields losses will hurricanes. This was above refugees as people are forced to leave people exposed to river flooding (2008-9) where 258,000 died people will be exposed to with climate increase by 46% in countries such as average. Climate change will result their homes due to famine or flooding. live in developing countries. due to a lack of food. malaria by 2030. change. China. in more hurricanes in the future.

CASE STUDY OF HOW CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTS LICS: BANGLADESH FLOODS Location: Southern Asia, along the Tropic of Cancer. It neighbours Burma, India and the Indian Ocean. • It’s low altitude (<10m above sea level) and long coastline (580km) makes it vulnerable to sea level rise. How has climate change increased flooding ? • The Himalayas lie to the north of Bangladesh. The ice and snow melts in the summer, which then rushes down into the rivers in Bangladesh. This occurs more due to increased temperatures. • Bangladesh is prone to cyclones and monsoonal rains which bring a huge amount of rain. Due to climate change, these storms will occur more often. • 1000 people died • 7 million homes destroyed • Hospitals flooded Primary effects • 400,000 factories closed down. • Fields were flooded. 2/3rds of the country was flooded. • Roads and railways were flooded. • Dead bodies spread disease and illness • 30 million people homeless. • Temporary hospitals did not have the necessary equipment or medicine. Secondary effects • Many people losing their jobs. • 700,000 hectares of crops were destroyed. • Blocked transport routes mean that aid could not reach victims.

1. Over the past 800,000 years the earths climate has….. 8. Identify 3 ways humans are contributing to the global warming. 2. We know this from…… 9. Explain how a rising population is worsening the problem. 3. Since 1860 the climate has……. 10. Give 2 effects of climate change. 4. Evidence that suggests global warming is……… 11. One way global warming will affect extreme weather is that there will be….. 5. The 3 natural causes of climate change are….. 12. Name the case study example for flooding. 6. More specifically orbital change refers to….. 13. Identify 2 primary effects. 7. The greenhouse effect is……….. 14. Identify 2 secondary effects.

27 What was the Holocaust? Knowledge Organiser

• Who was Leon Greenman, a British Jew? How did Nazis remove Jewish influences? ( just some) • Married Else van Dam in 1935 & both moved to Holland Key words • Else cared for her 80 yr old gran & Leon commuted to London. 1933 –Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany Holocaust - the systematic murder of Europe's Jews by the • 1940 – son Barney was born 1933 -Jewish Lawyers banned from practice in Germany. Nazis and their collaborators during SWW – IWM definition 1933 - & non Aryan children to have separate play March 1940 - Nazis invaded and occupied Holland Shoah – A Hebrew word for the Holocaust. • 1933 – Mass boycott of Jewish shops. • Jews subject to restrictions – eg. not allowed to work, wear star Genocide -deliberate killing of a large group of people, 1935 -Jews excluded from choirs, orchestra’s especially those of a particular nation or ethnic group. • 1942 – Leon goes to collect their British passport from friends 1935 -race studies becomes part of the school curriculum and exam Aryan – Nazis used this word to describe their ideal race. • Discovers they destroyed it – visits British consulate for help 1935 -Jews banned from going hiking in groups of more than 20. Ubermenschen – Nazis used this word for master race • Oct 1942- middle of night they are taken to Westerbork camp 1935 - Nuremburg laws – Jews had their citizenship removed and Untermenschen – Nazis used this word for sub human race • Jan 1943 – family are moved East to Auschwitz. marriage and sexual relations between Germans and Jews illegal Einsatzgruppen – mass murder by SS killing squads. • Else & Barney are gassed immediately. 1936:- Jews banned being vets, surgeons, doctorate and journalists 1938 – Jewish passports have to be stamped with a J. 1938 - Passports belonging to Jews whose emigration is undesirable How did the Nazis persecute other groups? Timeline: are to be confiscated. – eg) members of political groups, journalists 1933 – sterilisation law – for those regarded disabled. 1938 -Kristallnacht – Goebbels organised mass vandalism of Jewish 1934 – Gestapo order local police to draw up ‘pink lists’ of gay men. homes, properties, synagogues and businesses. 20,000 Jews sent to 1935 – Jehovah Witnesses sent to prison & concentration camps 1939 – Jews not allowed out after 8pm 1935 – Law against homosexuality widened to “appearing gay.” What was the Jewish population of Europe in 1933? 1939 -Jewish emigrants are not allowed to take their valuables . 1935-38- Roma forced into camps Germany: Less than 0.75% of the German pop was Jewish. 500,000 1939 -Jews removed from all medical professions. 1936 – Roma included in Nuremburg laws – lost citizenship Majority of Jewish families were totally assimilated, spoke German. 1939 - Jews can be evicted from their homes without a reason. 1936 – office for the suppression of the Gypsy nuisance – sterilisation Jewish communities found in towns but mostly in large cities 1936 – Office for combating abortion and homosexuality They were reform Jews – not as traditional. Been here 1600 years. 1937-39 – persecution of gay men worsens – secret raids & no trial Poland about 10% of the pop was Jews, around 3,300,000 people. 1937 – sterilisation of black men The Nazis occupied Poland -1st Sept 1939 - until May 1945. 1939 – preparing for the genocide of the Poles – 1.8 million + victims Yiddish was their first language at home. Jews has been here 800 years 1939 – The euthanasia programme – 170,000 victims + Most Jewish families here lived in small towns or shtetls 1939-40 –preparing for the deportation of the Roma – 30,000+ Jewish families were orthodox and quite traditional here – Ashkenazi 1940 –Roma deported out of Germany to Nazi occupied Poland Norway: About 0.05% of the pop was Jewish – 1400 people 1940 – Himmler orders castration of gay men who have +1 partner There had been a Jewish community here for 80 years 1941 – preparing for mass murder in the Soviet union Young community, the 3 synagogues were named in Norwegian. Jews were at the heart of early (20th European culture 1941 – Mass murder of Roma – part of the Einsatzgruppen – 100,000 Concentrated in 2 cities, most from E Europe. All were Ashkenazi or Marc Chagall was a leading artist men, women & children are shot dead into mass graves orthodox Jews. 1942-3 – 5007 Roma killed from ghetto conditions and death squads Ida Rubinstein was a top ballerina and actress 1942 – Hitler orders all Roma to be sent to Auschwitz, surviving Roma are Greece: Approx 1.25% of the population were Jews, around 73,000. Gustav Mahler –Europe’s leading music composer Jews had lived here for over 2,200 years killed in the gas chambers on the night of 2-3 August. Croatian Fascists & Ladino, Yevani, Italian and Greek were spoken by the Jews here. Albert Einstein – World famous mathematician & Romanians collaborate in the persecution of the Roma, 1000s more victims. They were made up of Romainot Jews and Sephardi Jews scientist 1943 – SS begin extermination through work policy – Affects the28 Jewish, Sigmund Freud – World famous Psychologist Roma, Ukrainian, Poles ,Czechs, homosexuals and Germans. What was the Holocaust? Knowledge Organiser

What was the Holocaust? Who were the victims of the Nazis vast What was life like in the Ghettos operation of genocide? Jews – An estimated 6 millions Stages 1 1933-39 , eg. the Nazi remove Jewish influences from society Ghettos had to set up a Judenrat, a Jewish council that Soviet prisoners of war – over 3 million + Nuremburg laws removing their German citizenship & banning marriages & would be responsible for enforcing German orders. Soviet civilians – 2 million + relationships with Jews. Kristallnacht saw over 100 Jews killed in 1938. By 1939 over The largest ghetto was in Warsaw. It was completed in Nov Polish civilians – over 1 million half of the Jewish population in Germany have left. (250,000+) 1940. The ghetto had 3 metres high wall with barbed wire. Men, women and children with mental and March 1941 – 445,000 inhabitants – a third of the cities physical deformities. 70,000-170,000 Stage 2 1939 –The Nazi occupy Poland, where 10% of the population are population – in just 2.4 % of its area. On average 15 people Gypsies – over 200,000 Jews, over 3.3 million. They change their strategy. Jews are forced from their live in a small apartment. By 1941, 7 per room. These Political prisoners – unknown properties and moved into over 1000 ghettos across Eastern Europe, awaiting for a conditions lead to disease. Autumn 1941 - 900 cases of Resistance fighters – unknown Deportees – unknown later move to a “reservation” which never happened. severe infection – fatal without antibiotics. typhus – Over Homosexuals – Estimates are 15,000+ Stage 3 1941- The Nazi invade the Soviet Union – Hitler talks of removing 140,000 died here of the poor living conditions. “hostiles” –The Einsatzgruppen killing squads of Jews and other groups deemed to be “subhuman” began on an industrial scale. It involved the SS with locals. About 1000 The Lodz ghetto was the second largest in Poland. men. The victims were forced to build large pits before they met their fate. Between It was a huge labour camp and essential to Germany, autumn and winter of 1941 – over 1 million Jews were victims of this. The Babi Yar making the Reich with garments, shoes and other is just 1 massacre from many more. necessary goods, particularly for the military. But the work conditions were excruciatingly cruel for the Stage 4-- Autumn 1941 Top secret Operation Reinhard begins, managed by 20-35 Jews. By the end of 1941, Jews from Austria, officers. The new weapon of terror was gas and the first death camps were created in Czechoslovakia, Luxemburg and Germany were brought to wooded areas, away from towns. Trains brought Jews from ghettos, they would be Lodz, along with more than 5,000 Gypsies. How do we know about the Holocaust? stripped and gassed in showers immediately after arrival. Over 1.7 million Polish In total, more than 200,000 people would pass through Many survivors have spoken of their Jews were murdered in camps like Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka. There was little the Lodz ghetto. Approximately 45,000 people died of memories. The Nazis also documented a lot evidence because there were no survivors. The ash from the crematoriums was used starvation, cold and emaciation here. but many of those who didn’t survive at as fertilizer. Any records were from a few who escaped. The Nazis flattened the land great risk left records to ensure we would by 1944 and converted it to farm land. By 1942 ghettos began to be liquidized and their find out. inhabitants were unknowingly forced into cattle Emanuel Ringelblum – hid records Stage 5 – January 1942 – Heydrich organises the “Final Solution” at the Wannsee trucks to death camps. When rumours leaked out underground in the Lodz ghetto. conference in Berlin where the Nazis agree to the coordination of mass murder of uprisings did appear in the ghettos like Warsaw. Wladyslaw Szilpman – “The Pianist” wrote a Jews across Europe. Many death & slave labour camps were set up, Auschwitz was book of his experience in Poland from 1939- the most notorious because over 1.1 million Jews were killed here. Historian 45. Christian Browning estimated “In March 1942 – 80% of all those killed in the Internationalists historians argue that mass murder was planned Ziggy Shipper – Auschwtiz survivor Holocaust were still alive, just 11 months later, February 1943 80% of them were from the beginning in 1933. Functionalist historians believe it was Hannah Lewis – watched her Mum29 killed at already dead. (over 4 million) not planned and developed as the Nazi advanced across Europe. Adampol concentration camp. 1. How many Jews lived in Germany in 1933? 2. Explain 2 ways the Nazis removed Jewish influences. 3. Who was Albert Einstein? 4. What does the term genocide mean? 5. What does the term Aryan mean? 6. What was the Holocaust? 7. Describe operation Reinhard 8. How many Jews were forced to live in the Warsaw Ghetto? 9. How many Jews and people from the Soviet Union did the Nazis kill? 10. How do we have evidence of the Holocaust?

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31 Key Information that I learnt Year 8 Aboriginal Art Facts about Aboriginal Culture Art Techniques—such as the dot technique How to create a tonal drawing Keywords Definition I can create a composition utilising features of Aboriginal Art I can use observational skills to replicate and recreate images and subject matter Technical Control Yo u ca n use skills effectively

Study an image carefully Observe Techniques and Media Aboriginal Existing in a land from the earliest times Indigenous Naturally occurring in a place Mark Making Dot painting Culture Ideas/customs of a particular society Dream time The story of creation Watercolour Pencil Crayon

Use of symbols to represent ideas Symbolism Oil Pastels Biro Colour Colour is reflection of light

The darkness or lightness of a colour Value • Mary Oliver Art that will • Original Keringke artist. Traditional Beliefs passed form generation to generation • Her artwork features fine details and inspire me clean lines and the use of mirror Texture Surface quality of an object that we sense Mary Oliver imaging. through touch Dot paintings • Her colours are very earthy and Animals organic. Interpretation A creative representation or way of explaining Aboriginal artworks painted in acrylic are a beautiful Mark making The way you create marks using media blend of traditional and contemporary. The dot technique gives the painting an almost 3D effect and a sense of movement and rhythm. Many people Blend The smooth transition from one element to the 32 next comment that the paintings look alive and that they literally seem to jump out at you Mark making is a term Using grid drawing you used for the creation of will create an accurate different patterns, lines, copy of a gecko eye. textures and shapes. This Geckos are seen as may be on a piece of lucky in Aboriginal paper, on the floor, culture and also a giant outside in the garden or gecko is believed to on an object or surface bring thunderstorms.

1. Choose 3 Keywords and write an Aborigines are indigenous people living in Australia. explanation as to what they mean. A recent data states that the Aboriginal people make 2. Can you explain which media you enjoyed up just 2% of the whole population of Australia. They using most and what advice would you are considered to be the descendants of the first group of humans that migrated out of Africa give to someone else using it? thousands of years ago. These people have different 3. Can you recall two key features of art, culture, storytelling and a strong spiritual belief. Aboriginal Art? 4. Which piece of art you created has been Aboriginals believe that the Dreamtime was way your most successful and why? back, at the very beginning. The land and the people were created by the Spirits. They made 5. Can you recall 4 earth colours used in the rivers, streams, water holes the land, hills, their art? rocks, plants and animals. It is believed that the 6. To create darker shades, what sort of Spirits gave them their hunting tools and each pencil pressure is needed? tribe its land, their totems and their Dreaming. 7. What are geckos seen as being? The Aboriginals believed that the entire world Natural was made by their Ancestors way back in the 8. How do you create a successful dot very beginning of time, the Dreamtime. The Colours technique? 33 Ancestors made everything. DEFINITIONS: THE 8 FORMAL ELEMENTS OF ART •Line – a mark or stroke made with a material. •Tone – the application of light, medium and dark colours (often to create a 3D or realistic effect). •Colour – the use of effect of pigment in a picture. •Shape – a flat outline without tone (appears to be 2D). •Form – a 3D object (or an image which appears to be 3D). •Texture – the qualities of a surface and how it feels e.g. rough. smooth, etc. •Pattern – a decorative design, often showing a repeated image or shape. •Composition​ - the layout, or arrangement of details in an image.

DEFINITIONS: KEY TERMS FOR THIS UNIT •Distortion​ - the appearance of an image being twisted, bent, crooked or exaggerated. •Manipulate – to handle, change, or make adjustments to something. •Cubism – an art movement developed in the early 20th century. •Art movement – a style in art that is particular to a time and place. •Still Life – inanimate objects represented in art. •Symbolism​ - representing deeper meanings using images or objects. •Complementary colour theory​ - pairs of colours opposite each other on the colour wheel, used for contrast e.g. blue and orange. The pairs always include one warm colour and one cool colour. •Narrative – a sequence or story. •Satire – to expose or ridicule someone or something using humour and sarcasm. •Collaborative Art – art made together by two or more people. •Collage – using different images or pieces and putting them together in a composition (usually made 34 by cutting and sticking). Year 8 Art Autumn 2 Knowledge Organiser Keyword Self-test column Definition Symbolism A particular mark, word or image used to represent something else.

Collaboration To work together on one piece of work.

Commentary To provide an extended explanation of a particular point, often to make someone else realise something. Satire The act of exposing somebody for their negative character traits (through written work or a created image). Zeitgeist A general trend of thought or feeling about a particular time.

Caricature An exaggerated, negative depiction of someone.

Lampoon (verb) To ridicule or mock a person or people.

Fold along this line 35 to test yourself.