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Modernist Women Writers and Spirituality a Piercing Darkness Modernist Women Writers and Spirituality A Piercing Darkness Edited by elizabeth anderson, andrew radford, and heather walton Modernist Women Writers and Spirituality Andrew Radford • Heather Walton • Elizabeth Anderson Editors Modernist Women Writers and Spirituality A Piercing Darkness Editors Andrew Radford Heather Walton University of Glasgow University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK Glasgow, UK Elizabeth Anderson University of Stirling Stirling, UK ISBN 978-1-137-53035-6 ISBN 978-1-137-53036-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-53036-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956652 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: © A. T. Willett / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. London The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book emerged from a symposium on Modernist Women Writers and Spirituality held at the University of Stirling in May 2014. The editors gratefully acknowledge the support of the School of Arts and Humanities and the Division of Literature and Languages at the University of Stirling. We would also like to thank Andrew Miller, Tom Kowalski and Juanita Green and her colleagues at the Iris Murdoch Building. The Scottish Network of Modernist Studies provided publicity assis- tance, and particular thanks are due to Matthew Creasy (University of Glasgow). The Palgrave external reader who read our original proposal and sam- ple chapter offered searching and subtle feedback regarding the scope of the project. Finally, we gratefully thank the Society of Authors as the liter- ary representative of the estate of Virginia Woolf for permission to quote from the Monks House Papers. v CONTENTS Introduction: The Intricate Persistence of Strange Gods 1 Elizabeth Anderson, Andrew Radford, and Heather Walton Radical Unorthodoxy: Religious and Literary Modernisms in H.D. and Mary Butts 21 Suzanne Hobson Directing Modernist Spirituality: Evelyn Underhill, the Subliminal Consciousness and Spiritual Direction 39 Jamie Callison Stevie Smith’s Serious Play: A Modernist Reframing of Christian Orthodoxy 55 Gillian Boughton Faith in Ruins: Fragments and Pattern in the Late Works of Rose Macaulay 69 Heather Walton Jane Harrison’s Ritual Scholarship 95 Mimi Winick vii viii CONTENTS Antiquarian Magic: Jane Harrison’s Ritual Theory and Hope Mirrlees’s Antiquarianism in Paris 115 Nina Enemark Childish Things: Spirituality, Materiality and Creativity in Mary Butts’s The Crystal Cabinet 135 Elizabeth Anderson Spectral Poetics in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves 153 Sheela Banerjee The Queer Movements of Ecstasy and Asceticism in Hungerheart: The Story of a Soul and Madeleine: One of Love’s Jansenists 169 Ellen Ricketts Dora Marsden and the “WORLD-INCLUSIVE I”: Egoism, Mysticism and Radical Feminism 185 Steven Quincey-Jones What Lies Below the Horizon of Life: The Occult Fiction of Dion Fortune 201 Andrew Radford What Words Conceal: H.D.’s Occult Word-Alchemy in the 1950s 219 Matte Robinson Afterword: Modernist Women Writers and Spirituality 237 Lara Vetter Bibliography 247 Index 273 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Elizabeth Anderson is a research fellow at the University of Stirling. She is the author of H.D. and Modernist Religious Imagination (Bloomsbury 2013). Her current work involves modernist women writers, spirituality and material culture. Sheela Banerjee is a visiting lecturer at Queen Mary University of London. She is completing her monograph, The Modernist Ghost: The Supernatural Aesthetic of T.S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf. Gillian Boughton has taught in the University of Durham since 1994 and is cur- rently teaching and writing as an Honorary Fellow in the Department of Theology and Religion and a Fellow of St John’s College, Durham. Her interests lie in main- stream English literature engaging with agnosticism and theological modernism from around 1880 to 1940. Jamie Callison is a PhD research fellow on the “Modernism and Christianity” project at the University of Bergen and the University of Northampton. He also holds a research fellowship at the Oxford Centre for Christianity and Culture, Regent’s Park College, Oxford. His thesis is entitled: “Converting Modernism: Mystical Revival, Christian Late Modernism and the Long Religious Poem in T.S. Eliot and David Jones.” Nina Enemark recently received her PhD from the University of Glasgow. Her research focuses on the modernist engagement with myth and ritual, specializing in the work of Hope Mirrlees and Jane Ellen Harrison. Suzanne Hobson is Senior Lecturer in Twentieth-Century Literature at Queen Mary University of London. She is the author of Angels of Modernism: Religion, Culture, Aesthetics 1910–60 (Palgrave Macmillan 2011) and co-editor of The Salt ix x NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Companion to Mina Loy (Salt 2010). She has published widely on the topic of religion and modernism and is currently working on a project about unbelief in fiction between the wars. Steven Quincey-Jones teaches in the School of English and Drama and works as a researcher for the Centre for Poetry at Queen Mary University of London. His PhD thesis considered the impact of egoism on the work of T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound and Herbert Read, and he is currently preparing a chapter for publication on Read’s egoist roots. Andrew Radford lectures on twentieth-century and contemporary Anglo- American literature at the University of Glasgow, UK. He is the co-editor of Franco-British Cultural Exchanges: Channel Packets (Palgrave, 2012). He has con- tributed a range of articles and book reviews to Victorian Studies, Nineteenth- Century Contexts and the Journal of American Studies. He is currently researching the life and experimental fiction of the interwar author Olive Moore. Ellen Ricketts is a final-year PhD candidate at the University of Hull and is com- pleting her thesis on the rise of the lesbian Bildungsroman from 1915 to 1928. Her article “The Fractured Pageant: Queering Lesbian Lives in the Early Twentieth Century” was published in 2015 through Peer English, and she is the author of an additional forthcoming publication on the subject of lesbian literature in the early twentieth century. Matte Robinson is Assistant Professor at St Thomas University, Fredericton, where he teaches American literature specializing in modernism. His recent publications include The Astral H.D.: Occult and Religious Sources and Contexts for H.D.’s Poetry and Prose and a co-edited scholarly edition of H.D.’s Hirslanden Notebooks. Lara Vetter is Associate Professor of English at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, where she teaches modernism, poetry and American literature. She is the author of Modernist Writings and Religio-scientific Discourse: H.D., Loy, and Toomer, editor of H.D.’s By Avon River, and co-editor of Approaches to Teaching H.D.’s Poetry and Prose and Emily Dickinson’s Correspondences. Heather Walton is Professor of Theology and Creative Practice at the University of Glasgow and Co-director of the Centre for Literature, Theology and the Arts. Her works include: Not Eden (SCM Press, 2015), Literature, Theology and Feminism (MUP, 2014), Writing Methods in Theological Reflection (SCM Press, 2014) and Imagining Theology: Women, Writing and God (T and T Clark: 2007). She is Executive Editor of the Oxford University Press (OUP) journal Literature and Theology. Mimi Winick is a PhD candidate in English at Rutgers University. Her disserta- tion, “Studied Enchantment: Historical Fiction, Comparative Religion, and the Imaginative Use of Scholarship in Britain, 1862–1941”, explores scholarship as an agent of enchantment in British literary culture. Introduction: The Intricate Persistence of Strange Gods Elizabeth Anderson, Andrew Radford, and Heather Walton Virginia Woolf, in her essay “Montaigne”, represents the “soul” as “all laced about with nerves and sympathies which affect her every action” (Woolf 1929, 56). Attempts by Woolf and other female authors to map the “soul” as the essence of being reveal dynamic tensions between main- stream institutional religion and women’s felt sensation, so throwing into relief critically overlooked intersections
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