DOCSLIB.ORG

Structural Assessment of a Roman Aqueduct “Pont Del Diable” in Tarragona by F.E.M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Structural Assessment of a Roman Aqueduct “Pont Del Diable” in Tarragona by F.E.M Structural assessment of a roman aqueduct “Pont del Diable” in Tarragona by F.E.M. Jaume FABREGAT1, Anna ROYO1, Agustí COSTA 2, Gerard FORTUNY3, Josep LLUÍS4. (1)Architecture Student, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. [email protected], [email protected]. (2) Pd.D., Student, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. (3) Pd.D., Informatics Engineering and Mathematics Department, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. (4) Pd.D., Construction Department, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. Abstract The object of study is a roman aqueduct which construction was ordered by Emperor Augustus the first century b.C. in Tarraco, a city in the north of Spain, today known as Tarragona. The city was declared Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2000, some restoration works were planed since then and those concerned the aqueduct as well. The restoration work consisted of a landscape performance and a physical and mechanical review of the aqueduct state in order to reinforce it if it was required. The landscape performance had the responsibility to rehabilitate a green area. Its direct relation with the River Francolí makes it a performance of great interest for the city, since it is its most important green corridor. The study analyzes the entire structure of the bridge considering several load cases. The purpose is to obtain data about the structure physical and mechanical behavior. With this information we will reach several conclusions concerning deformation and stress parameters. Hypothesis of load cases will take into account weathering effects since these would have changed stone properties through the years. Furthermore the aqueduct will also be analyzed when affected by horizontal loads. By superimposing the entire cases we will highlight the weak points of the aqueduct. This could help taking relevant decisions in order to reinforce the zones detected as well as streamline the restoring process. Keywords: Structural Assessment, F.E.M., Aqueduct, Weathering, Heritage. 1. Introduction Aqueducts are a sample of the Roman Empire engineering resources. Water engineering had been widely developed in times of the Roman Empire. They had conquered most of the land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, and at their step they funded the most important cities which began as a military campus and have remained until today. These were located thoroughly in strategic and favorable places. Several parameters were considered for their set up. Topography, vision range and resources like freshwater were taken into account, parameters such as these formed the basis for a new urbanism which would help developing a new civilization over the rest. Tarragona is one of these cities which origin goes back to these times. Even though there is awareness of the presence of previous cultures in this site (Phoenician, Iberian,...), Romans were the ones who decided the nowadays city location. Moreover, they are responsible of its urban planning structure which considered as well the incoming canalizations of the aqueducts in order to provide the city with freshwater. The water supply was effectuated by 2 aqueducts; they brought water from the River Francolí and from the River Gaià respectively. From these two hydrological structures just remain a few traces and stones. However, as these water webs were studied from a topographical point of view, sometimes, 676 romans were forced to build big structures to cross valleys they couldn’t save in any other way. These great constructions had survived through the years because of their size and consistency. It is a structure of this nature in which we have focused on our analysis. 2. Aqueduct physical and mechanical description 2.1 Physical description The aqueduct was built in order to save a distance of 217m and a depth of 27m of a valley named “Vall de les Ferreres”(Fig.1). It is said that the name of the Valley rises from the idea of the shape of the bows recalling yellow bright horseshoes. The equilibrium of the structure is based on download arches. The bridge was built up with ashlars, superposing stones without any adding material. On the other hand, the bases of some of its pillars are widened to the contact with the ground. And there, in the basis they may be provided with a matrix of concrete which function is to fill the structure and promote its monolithic behavior. We can say that the structure of the bridge has survived until today due to stress compression. The more weight the aqueduct had, the more stable it would be. Ashlars had variable sizes. The bigger ones were placed at the bases whereas the smallest were placed at the top. Furthermore as can be imagined, there were other singular pieces specially sliced, and modeled. These are the belonging to the arches and the capitals. As can be seen in Fig. 1 the bridge is composed of 11 arches in the base and 25 in the first level. 2.2 Material Parameters Most of the stone used in the construction of public buildings and spaces of the city was taken from the Mèdol Quarry, located 6 km far from the aqueduct. However, recent studies have reached new evidence that the aqueduct was built with a stone coming from a quarry that used to be immediately under it. This seems to be logic since the pillars of the bridge rises on visible rocky foundations (Fig.2). IGC (Institut Geològic de Catalunya) studies have detected that the area where the bridge stands corresponds to a kind of sandstone “Calcarenita escullosa”(Fig.3). Fig. 1. Avobe Fig. 3. Left Fig.2. Up. Fig. 1: 2D Plans for the aqueduct model. Fig. 2: Image of the base of a pillar in contact with the ground. Fig. 3: Image taken from de IGC data base. NMe - Local Stone. This is a sedimentary rock. It may contain fossils and be quite soft but on the other hand may be well cemented and resistant. Its color changes as the weathering processes advance. In its origin, the color may have been pink and white but it can turn to grey or yellow depending on its composition. The porosity degree is high; this is a reason why it might be a rock which can be easily sliced. In consequence rock density is neither high. It is 24 kN/ m3 approximately. This affects directly to the results of the tests required to get the value of the resistance compression of the rock. So as to prove this resistance to compression we proceed to make a stress analysis. Its purpose is to compare the resistance of the stone of the bridge and the resistance of the rocks found in its surroundings. This way we could see how much the weathering processes have affected the stone of the structure. Data was obtained in the same place. The device used to help the analysis being developed was a Schmidt Hammer (Fig. 4). It had to be found a reliable stone in the surroundings which could be used 677 as a basis. The same had to be done with the bridge, looking for a surface not too damaged to carry out the test. Fig 4. Fig 5. Fig 6. Fig 4: Schmidt Hammer while making the stress analysis to the local stone. Fig 5: Local Limestone Stone. Fig 6: Stone of the bridge under weathering process. Table 1: A 30 31 32 36 36 37 38 38 40 41 42 42 43 43 44 45 45 46 47 50 40,2 B 0 0 14 14 14 14 14 18 18 18 18 19 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 26 22,6 B* 0 0 0 1 1 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 14 14 16 16 12,9 A: Local Stone. Found in the surrounding of the bridge. B: Weathered stone of the bridge. B*: Weathered stones of the bridge. It fades with the touch of the hand. Table 1: Data obtained with the Schmidt Hammer. Table 2: Table 3: SH Direction Density Resistance to value Test (kN/m3) Compression (MPa) A 40,2 24 kN/m3 70 MPa B 22,6 21 kN/m3 27 MPa B* 12,9 16 kN/m3 16 MPa A: Local Stone. Found in the surrounding of the bridge. B: Weathered stone of the bridge. B*: Weathered stones of the bridge. It fades with the touch of the hand. Fig 7. Table 2: Compression Stress Resistance. Table for Schmidt Hammer. Table 3: Resistance to compression values. Fig 7: Weathering adverse effects on the stones of the bridge. Once a reliable surface is detected, we proceed to do several tests in order to get an average result. The results of the tests gathered with the ones obtained by the Schmidt Hammer, are shown in Table 1. These values correspond to the value for the rebound of the hammer when applied perpendicularly to a surface. The lower 50% of the results are not taken into account, and the average is obtained with 678 the other 50% of the higher values. The Table 2 is used in order to determine the uniaxial resistance to compression of the stone. This Table relates the value gotten from the Schmidt Hammer with the density (kN/m3) of the rock so as to get the uniaxial resistance to compression (MPa). Results for tests uniaxial resistance to compression are shown in Table 3. It is shown that local stone presents higher results in comparison with the weathered one. These results could be associated to the starting properties of the stones of the bridge just being cut. The values in the second and third cases are not higher, as they belong to weathered stone tests.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recent Archaeological Research at Asturica Augusta
    Proceedings of the British Academy, 86, 371-394 Recent Archaeological Research at Asturica Augusta VICTORINO GARCfA MARCOS & JULIO M. VIDAL ENCINAS Iunguntur iis Asturum XXII populi divisi in Augustanos et Transmontanos, Asturica urbe magnifica (..) (Pliny NH 3.28). OVERTHE LAST 10 YEARS, as the result of the delegation of the management of cultural affairs to the Autonomous Community of Castilla y Le6n, uninterrupted rescue excavations have taken place in the town of Astorga, Roman Asturica Augusta (Vidal 1986a and 1986b; Garcia and Vidal1990; Vidal et al. 1990, 259-63; Garcla and Vidal 1993; Tab. Imp. Rom. 1991, 27-9; Vidal 1993, 309-12; Fernhndez 1993, 227-31; Garcia 1994). At the same time, rescue excavations have also taken place at Le6n, although on a smaller scale, the camp of the Legio VI1 Gemina (Vidal 1986c; Miguel and Garcia 1993). A total of more than 50 building sites have been subject to archaeological investigation, ranging from simple watching briefs to more-frequent open-area excavations. In some cases the excavated remains have been preserved beneath newly constructed buildings and incorpor- ated into public spaces' (Figure 1). From all of this somewhat frenetic activity an enormous body of histori- cal information has been derived, which has still to be studied in depth? Nevertheless it allows a new picture to be presented of one of the least well-known of the towns of Roman Spain? Literary sources Asturica Augusta is mentioned in classical literature on a number of occasions. The earliest reference, cited at the beginning of this paper, is by Pliny the Elder (AD 23-79), procurator of the province of Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis at around AD 73, during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian.
    [Show full text]
  • Demography Roman Spain
    CARRERAS MONFORT C. A new perspective for the demographic study of Roman Spain. Revista de Historia da Arte e Arqueologia n.2, 1995-1996; pp. 59-82. A NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR THE DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ROMAN SPAIN César Carreras Monfort* * Universitat Oberta de Catalunya e-mail: [email protected] In the last years, there has been an increase in the number of demographic studies of ancient societies, with the main aim to recognize the internal organization of the populations and, to some extent, how the resources of a territory determined patterns of distribution [Gallo, 1984; Parkin, 1992]. Actually, within the limits of the Roman society, these studies allowed us to revise again basic concepts such as the relationship between the urban and rural world [López Paz, 1994], or even, to discuss about the degree of urbanism that supposedly it is accepted for the Graeco-Roman world. The demographic analyses on the Roman period were recently favoured by a better knowledge now, of the urban perimeters of ancient Roman cities, and the patterns of rural distribution; thanks to the contribution of either the urban archaeology and the rural field-surveys [Barker, 1991] and cadastres studies [Chouquer and Favory, 1991]. Furthermore, the important contribution of papyrology also stands out, since they supply information on demography, which despite being basically about Roman Egypt, it can be extrapolated to other provinces [Hombert and Preaux, 1952; Bagnall and Frier, 1994]. These new documental evidences allow us to carry out a new estimate, from another viewpoint, of the population in a very particular province such as Roman Spain, and also they become a headway in the detailed study of population patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Historia De Cataluña History of Catalonia
    Historia de Cataluña History of Catalonia 1.1. Los orígenes de Cataluña El territorio de la actual Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña ha estado ocupado desde tiem- pos Paleolíticos, aproximadamente 450.000 años. Durante el Neolítico se desarrolló la agricul- tura y la ganadería y con la llegada de las civilizaciones griega y fenicia en el s. IV a.C. se fue configurando la cultura Íbera. Cuatro siglos más tarde, se fundaron las ciudades de Tarraco- Tarragona y Barcino- Barcelona. Anteriores a estas fundaciones, en el s. III a.C., ya son enclaves importantes Emporión (Ampu- ries, Girona) y Rhodes (Rosas, Girona). 1.1. Origins of Catalonia. Humans have inhabited the land currently known as Catalonia ever since the Lower Paleolithic period, 450.000 years ago. The spread of agriculture and husbandry, beginning in the Neolithic period, changed the shape of the land. Later on, the arrival of Greek and Phoenician societies in the 7th century B.C. led into the development of Iberian culture. In the 1st century B.C, Tarraco-Tarragona and Barcino-Barcelona were founded after the arrival of the Roman Army to Emporion (Gerona) in the 3rd century. 4 1.2. El mundo medieval en Cataluña (S.IX-XVI) Frente a la expansión de Al- Andalus, hacia el año 710, se forman los primeros condados catalanes localizados en la actual provincia de Gerona y que pertenecían a la llamada Marca Hispánica. En el siglo X los Condados Catalanes alcanzan la suficiente importancia económica para independizarse del Imperio y se unen bajo la hegemonía de la Casa de Barcelona.
    [Show full text]
  • Costa Daurada Costa Daurada (Nou Format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 1
    Coberta 20/11/12 14:28 Página 1 Generalitat de Catalunya Government of Catalonia Ministry of Enterprise and Labour Catalonia Costa Daurada Costa Daurada (nou format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 1 Catalonia Costa Daurada Costa Daurada (nou format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 2 Alt Camp Baix Camp Baix Penedès Costa Daurada (nou format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 3 Conca de Barberà Priorat Tarragonès Costa Daurada (nou format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 4 Costa Daurada, the Aroma of the Mediterranean Bathed by the Mediterranean Sea, these lands are dressed with a sauce made from almonds). All named after the fine golden sand of their beaches. washed down with red wines from the Priorat, A coastline that stretches from the seaside towns Conca de Barberà, Tarragona and Montsant of L’Hospitalet de l’Infant to Cunit – to the south regions, or the more refined white wines from the and to the north of Tarragona – and a hinterland Penedès region. that rises towards the Prades Mountains. Tarragona, the capital city of these lands, was a If you enjoy the sea and like nature activities, here very important centre in the Middle Ages, though you will find not only long beaches but also sheer the city particularly stands out for its Roman past. cliffs that drop to the sea, from which many routes Some of the 2,000-year-old Roman ruins have and paths climb. You will be able to wander been preserved, and the Archaeological Ensemble through the coastal mountains, explore the Serra of Tarraco has been designated a World Heritage del Montsant mountain range and the Prades Site by UNESCO.
    [Show full text]
  • A Propósito Del Conventus Emeritensis: Consideraciones Geográficas, Arqueológicas Y Culturales
    A PROPÓSITO DEL CONVENTUS EMERITENSIS: CONSIDERACIONES GEOGRÁFICAS, ARQUEOLÓGICAS Y CULTURALES UPON THE CONVENTUS EMERITENSIS: GEOGRAPHIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS Saúl MARTÍN GONZÁLEZ 1 Universidad Complutense RESUMEN: En el siguiente trabajo intentamos arrojar luz sobre el significado del conventus Emeritensis como entidad propia dentro del contexto de la Lusitania y aún, de la totalidad de la Hispania romana. Creada durante las reformas administrativas augústeas, sorprende la configuración de un vasto espacio sin aparente personalidad propia, que aglutina múltiples espacios geográficamente diferentes del Centro-Occidente peninsular. El hecho de que en el Bajo Imperio su capital, Augusta Emerita, fuese designada como centro de la Diocesis Hispaniarum en detrimento de otras urbes importantes como Tarraco o Cartago Nova , no hace sino aumentar el aparente enigma. PALABRAS CLAVE: Conventus Emeritensis , Lusitania , Augusta Emerita , Vettonia , periodo orientalizante , Romanización ABSTRACT: In this paper we try to bring some light upon the conventus Emeritensis as entity in the Lusitanian and, widely, also the own Roman Spain contexts. Created by the Augustan reformation, this astonishing huge extension unifies several geographically different territories without any apparent pattern. In fact, at the Dominate the capital city of this territory, Augusta Emerita, was designed as the core of the Diocesis Hispaniarum above main centers as Tarraco or Cartago Nova; thus this enigma is encouraged. KEYWORDS: Conventus Emeritensis , Lusitania , Augusta Emerita , Vettonia , Orientalizing period , Romanization The Hispania Ulterior Lusitania, the most Western province in the Roman Empire, was the main innovation within the administrative reformations ordered by Octavius Augustus, possibly at the 13 B.C. 2, by his second coming to Iberia.
    [Show full text]
  • Tarraco Tardorepublicana
    TARRACO TARDOREPUBLICANA Late Republican Tarraco LUIS AMELA VALVERDE Grupo CEIPAC. Universidad de Barcelona RESUMEN: El presente artículo aborda la problemática de la posición de la ciudad de Tarraco (Tarragona) duran- te el enfrentamiento entre cesarianos y pompeyanos (49-44 a.C.), que finalizaría en la conversión de la población en una colonia romana. Análisis de los datos anteriormente conocidos (citas de las fuentes literarias y epígrafes en honor a Pompeyo Magno y Mucio Escévola), así como los nuevos estudios obtenidos a partir de la publicación de nuevos epígrafes. ABSTRACT.This article approaches the problem of the position of the city of Tarraco (Tarragona) during the con- frontation between Caesareans and Pompeians (49-44 BC), ending in the conversion of the city in a Roman colo- ny. Analysis of previously known information (quotes from literary sources and inscriptions in honor of Pompey the Great and Mucius Scaevola), as well as new studies obtained after publication of new inscriptions. Tarraco, Scipionum opus sicut Carthago phoenorum (Plin. HN 3, 21), fue la principal base romana en Hispania en tiempos de la conquista. Se encontraba tan solo a cinco días de navegación de Roma1 y, por el valle del Francolí, se accedía valle del Ebro. Tarraco era junto a Carthago Nova, a finales de la Re- pública, una de las ciudades de Hispania más destacadas desde un punto de vista económico, político y administrativo2; quizás esta población fuese la capital de la provincia de la Hispania Citerior a partir del año 197 a.C.3, como mostraría 1 Blázquez, 1975, 93 niega que Tarraco tuviera mal puerto, como afirma Estrabón (Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Tarragona Spain Travel Guide City Routes
    TARRAGONA SPAIN City Routes Photo credit: Plaça de la Font © Manel Antolí (RV Edipress) courtesy of Tarragona Tourism BY JACKIE DE BURCA TARRAGONA SPAIN City Routes - Travel Inspires Table Of Contents Roman Route: Tàrraco – UNESCO World Heritage 2 Site Since 2000 Tarragona Medieval Route 5 Tarragona Modernist Route 8 Welcome to Travel Inspires Unique Family Travel 12 Guides SIGN UP FOR NEW GUIDES 12 Tarragona City Routes - Travel Inspires TARRAGONA SPAIN City Routes - Travel Inspires Maqueta de la Tàrraco Romana – Model of Roman Route: Tàrraco – UNESCO Roman Tarraco – Antiga Audiencia, Plaça del World Heritage Site Since 2000 Pallol, 3 – This is a detailed model of what Tarraco was like at its peak. Tàrraco was founded in 218 BC, and this was the capital of the Roman Empire in Hispania Citerior. This was the Romans logistical base Muralles – Walls – Avenida Catalunya, Phone: here, and covered an impressive space of 60 977 245 796 to 70 hectares, which included its own circus, a Roman amphitheatre, the provincial forum, amongst many other elements. In 2000 this was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and below is a breakdown of the Tarragona Roman Route. The Walls (Archaeological Promenade) © Manel Antolí (RV Edipress) 3500 metres of walls were built in the 2nd century BC, of which around 1100 metres remain today. The Passeig Arqueològic is the highlight of the remaining wall, which Plaça del Fòrum (Forum Square) © Alberich borders with the old quarter of Tarragona. Fotògrafs Unusual megalithic foundations are revealed in these very well preserved sections. Please note: In Tarragona city, on Mondays all monuments are closed except for the Model Temple – Temple – Pla de la Seu of Roman Tarraco, the Cathedral and Diocesan Museum The construction of the Roman circus and provincial forum had gained the city Follow in the footsteps of the Romans, and monumental status in the second half of the nd out about life during the Roman Era.
    [Show full text]
  • Un Nuevo Documento Sobre Los Minicii De Tarraco
    199 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert UN NUEVO DOCUMENTO SOBRE LOS MINICII DE TARRACO JAVIER ANDREU PINTADO* ÒSCAR CURULLA FERRÉ** PEDRO OTIÑA HERMOSO*** RESUMEN El presente trabajo da a conocer una inscripción funeraria romana hallada recien- temente en la parte alta de la ciudad de Tarragona y que, por su contenido, ofrece algunas luces respecto de una de las familias mejor conocidas de la elite no sólo de Tarraco sino del conuentus Tarraconensis: los Minicii y también sobre los liberti de la colonia. Se ofrece lectura de la pieza y breve estudio prosopográfi co de los individuos en ella referidos, con algunas hipótesis de interpretación sobre sus relaciones fami- liares y medios de promoción. Palabras clave: Epigrafía, inscripción funeraria, Minicii, elite local, libertos. El pasado mes de diciembre, y en el contexto de los trabajos de se- guimiento arqueológico desarrollados por la empresa Némesis fueron localizados en la C/Granada y como material de relleno dos piezas de piedra de Alcover -calcárea de extraordinario pulimento pero que, en cualquier caso, no alcanza las prestaciones del mármol- ajustables en- tre sí constituyendo una placa de hasta 54,5 centímetros de largo, 37 centímetros de alto y 6,5 centímetros de grosor con texto epigráfi co en sus dos caras. Éste, en capitales cuadradas de buena época -lo que, * Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia - Facultad de Geografía e Historia - Departamento de Historia Antigua - Pº Senda del Rey, 7, 5ª planta - 28040 Madrid. ** Némesis SCCL - C/Cavallers, 6 baixos esq.
    [Show full text]
  • Modim 2018 – PROGRAM
    MoDIM 2018 – PROGRAM THURSDAY, 25 OCTOBER 2018 08:30 – Registration (ongoing through the day) 09:00 – Opening Session 1: Characterization of materials for dating. Chairperson: Gilberto Artioli. 09:30 – Keynote lecture by Gilberto Artioli, “Radiocarbon dating of complex mortars: can we assess the chances of successful dating?” 10:30 – Asscher et al., “Characterization of ancient mortars by combined XRD, NMR and FTIR techniques” 10:50 – Coffee break 11:10 – Ricci G. et al., “The castle of Cannero, Lake Maggiore, Italy: an insight into XIV-XVI century mortar techniques and their bearing on the radiocarbon dating of complex mortars” 11:30 – Poduska et al., “Assessing the feasibility of electrophoretic separation of CaCO3 polymorphs for archaeological applications” 11:50 – Hayen and Boudin, “Historic mortar characterisation, useful tools for sample selection and data interpretation of mortar dating” 12:10 – Válek et al., “Radiocarbon dating potential of lime binders used in Prague in Medieval Period” 12:30 – Lunch break at the Archéopôle d'Aquitaine 14:00 – Michalska et al., “How various carbonate components can affect the pretreatment protocol in radiocarbon dating of mortars” Session 2: Radiocarbon dating. Chairperson: Elisabetta Boaretto. 14:20 – Keynote lecture by Elisabetta Boaretto, “Radiocarbon dating of archaeological carbonate materials: difficulties, new directions and applications” 15:20 – Coffee break 15:40 – Caroselli et al., “Radiocarbon dating of dolomitic mortars from the Convent Saint John, Müstair (Switzerland): first results” 16:00 – Ringbom et al., “Delayed hardening in dating mortar” Poster session (16:20-18:00) Barrett and Reimer, “Mortar Dating: The use of FTIR and TGMS for screening samples and understanding variation in dating results” Barta et al., “Roman building I.
    [Show full text]
  • Tarragona's Superyacht Marina
    THE HOME Marina Port Tarraco in the heart of the Mediterranean OF GIANTS E U R O P E Tarragona’s Superyacht Marina Bilbao Cannes 295 NM Monaco Viareggio Saint Tropez 431 NM Barcelona 273 NM S P A I N 46 NM Corsica Rome Lisboa Madrid TARRAGONA 356 NM 41º 05’ N 1º 14’ E Valencia Ibiza 107 NM 118 NM Mallorca Sardinia 102 NM 340 NM Mediterranean sea Gibraltar www.porttarraco.com Muelle de la Costa, Tinglado 3 43004 Tarrragona - Spain +34 977 244 173 [email protected] Marina Port Tarraco is a deep-water marina in Tarragona • ISPS code compliance • Internet and satellite TV • Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) • Closed circuit television 24-hour security (Spain) designed to provide superyachts with the highest • 33 berths from 45 to 160 metres in length • Exclusive customer service quality services and offers 33 berths between 45 and 160 • More than 9 metres average draft • Commercial and leisure area • Total basin area of 150,000 m2 • Commercial rental space metres with a 24-hour security service. • Waiting dock of 140 metres in length • Storage rooms • Electrical outlets up to 1,600 amps at 400 V • Waste pickup MARPOL certificate The Marina is created and equipped to offer managers, captains and crews without any • 6,600 V / 2,000 VA electrical connection • Berthing assistance on arrival and departure absolute privacy and security protocols to ensure limitation. A variety of specialized companies can for superyachts • Fitness centre personalized services to any kind of superyacht provide services and supplies to all the superyachts • Wastewater discharge at each berth • Courtesy van with driver available on the market today, their owners, that are moored in Marina Port Tarraco.
    [Show full text]
  • Cities, Towns and Villages Escape to Catalonia and Allow Yourself to Be Captivated Index
    Cities, towns and villages Escape to Catalonia and allow yourself to be captivated iNDEX Catalonia, waiting to be discovered 3 Cities, towns and villages for everyone 4 escape to cities and towns with character 6 Solsona 10 Girona 16 Manresa 22 Terrassa 28 Vic 34 Vilafranca del Penedès 40 Montblanc 46 Reus 52 Tarragona 58 Tortosa 64 Lleida 70 FaLL in LoVe with charMinG towns 76 Beget 80 Castellar de n’Hug 84 Santa Pau 88 Taüll 92 Calella de Palafrugell 96 Pals 100 Peratallada 104 Mura 108 Rupit 112 Prades 116 Siurana 120 Montsonís 124 en roUte throUGh cities, towns and ViLLaGes 128 On the trail of Gaudí 132 Follow in the footsteps of creativity 134 Messages from the Middle Ages 136 A walk along millenary borders 138 Discover the path to your inner self 140 Pursue inspiration 142 More information 144 cataloNia, waitiNg to be discovered Getting to know Catalonia seems easy. It is a region that can be crossed from north to south by car in less than four hours, but the recommendations contained in these pages go beyond a whirlwind trip. We invite you to discover the character and charm of our cities, towns and villages. You will get to know medium sized cities and even small towns that have their own personality. Most of them have been home to different cultures and have had various moments of splendour, embodied in their architecture and also in the character that makes them unique. We are talking about traditions, culinary delights or relatively modern hobbies, such as jazz music or circus shows, which flourish inexplicably, almost magically, in a particular city.
    [Show full text]
  • SEAT Tarraco Production Starts in Wolfsburg
    October 17, 2018 SEAT Tarraco production starts in Wolfsburg → SEAT brand flagship rolls off the production line in Wolfsburg together with Volkswagen models → Synergies within the Group-wide production network allow efficient production → Production of the SEAT model is in line with Pact for the Future Wolfsburg – For the first time in about 20 years, Volkswagen’s Wolfsburg plant is producing a model of another Group brand: the SEAT Tarraco. The Spanish SUV, which was designed and developed in Barcelona, exploits the synergy effects of the MQB production platform. In Wolfsburg, the Spanish model will roll off the production line together with the Volkswagen models Tiguan and Touran. The step towards multi-brand production will boost the capacity deployment of Volkswagen’s main plant. The production of the Tarraco in Wolfsburg is part of the Pact for the Future concluded by the company and the Works Council at the end of 2016. The pact is a far-reaching timetable for improving the economic viability of the Volkswagen brand and placing the company on a firm footing for the future Press Contact Volkswagen Communications Torsten Cramm Spokesperson Volkswagen Wolfsburg Phone: +49 5361 9-22880 [email protected] SEAT Communications Cristina Vall-Llosada Head of Corporate Communications Members of the board and of the management of The new flagship of the SEAT brand is being produced Phone: +34 93 708 53 78 both group brands were accompanying the at the Wolfsburg plant together with the Volkswagen [email protected] production start of the SEAT Tarraco together with models Tiguan and Touran.
    [Show full text]