Historia De Cataluña History of Catalonia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Historia De Cataluña History of Catalonia Historia de Cataluña History of Catalonia 1.1. Los orígenes de Cataluña El territorio de la actual Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña ha estado ocupado desde tiem- pos Paleolíticos, aproximadamente 450.000 años. Durante el Neolítico se desarrolló la agricul- tura y la ganadería y con la llegada de las civilizaciones griega y fenicia en el s. IV a.C. se fue configurando la cultura Íbera. Cuatro siglos más tarde, se fundaron las ciudades de Tarraco- Tarragona y Barcino- Barcelona. Anteriores a estas fundaciones, en el s. III a.C., ya son enclaves importantes Emporión (Ampu- ries, Girona) y Rhodes (Rosas, Girona). 1.1. Origins of Catalonia. Humans have inhabited the land currently known as Catalonia ever since the Lower Paleolithic period, 450.000 years ago. The spread of agriculture and husbandry, beginning in the Neolithic period, changed the shape of the land. Later on, the arrival of Greek and Phoenician societies in the 7th century B.C. led into the development of Iberian culture. In the 1st century B.C, Tarraco-Tarragona and Barcino-Barcelona were founded after the arrival of the Roman Army to Emporion (Gerona) in the 3rd century. 4 1.2. El mundo medieval en Cataluña (S.IX-XVI) Frente a la expansión de Al- Andalus, hacia el año 710, se forman los primeros condados catalanes localizados en la actual provincia de Gerona y que pertenecían a la llamada Marca Hispánica. En el siglo X los Condados Catalanes alcanzan la suficiente importancia económica para independizarse del Imperio y se unen bajo la hegemonía de la Casa de Barcelona. Las nuevas relaciones feudales, la unión con la Corona de Aragón y la conquista de los te- rritorios del sur en poder islámico van conformando el concepto de nación bajo una misma lengua, el Catalán. Comienza así un periodo de gran esplendor económico y cultural. 1.2. The Middle Ages in Catalonia (9th- 15th century) In 710 A.D. when the Muslim Army had conquered the Visigoth Kingdom and Al-Andalus came into being, in the northern part of Catalonia, the Catalan Counties were formed, protected by the Carolingian Empire. These counties were located along the Hispanic March, the southern frontier of Empire. In the 10th century the counties had achieved enough economic power to become in- dependent from the Empire and decided to unite together under the hegemony of the Count of Barcelona. Feudalism, the joining to the Kingdom of Aragon and the conquest of territories in the south con- trolled by the Muslims, began to build the idea of a nation related by the use of one single lan- guage: the Catalan language. 1.3. “Once de Septiembre de 1714” (XVI-XVIII) Durante la Edad Media y el imperio de los Austrias, Cataluña sigue manteniendo su propia identidad junto a su organización política y administrativa a través de Las Cortes Catalanas. Sin embargo, los conflictos son constantes debido a las políticas de carácter centralista que se imponen desde Castilla. La Guerra de Sucesión (1705-1716) vuelve a enfrentar a Cataluña con la corona de Castilla. Los catalanes están a favor del archiduque Carlos de Austria y en contra del nuevo rey de origen francés, Felipe V. La derrota del 11 de Septiembre de 1714 tiene como principal consecuencia la abolición de las constituciones e instituciones catalanas. 5 1.3. “September 11th 1714” (16th-18th century) During the Middle Ages and the Austrian-Habsburg Empire, Catalonia kept its unique identity and its own political and administrative organization from Castile through its Parliament. However, the conflicts with the neighboring nation were constant in this period due to the tendency to cen- tralism imposed by Castile. The Succession War (1705-1716) confronted again Catalonia and Castile. This time the reason was the support that Catalans gave to the Austrian Archduke Charles and against the new French king, Philip V. The defeat of the Catalans on September 11th 1714 had its more drastic consequence in the aboli- tion of the Catalan constitutions and Parliament. 1.4. “El Renacimiento catalán” (S.XIX-XX) A principios del siglo XIX Cataluña comienza a constituirse como una potencia industrial en España gracias a sus recursos hidráulicos y a la inversión británica. Las industrias textiles y químicas comienzan a cambiar el perfil de Cataluña, que pasa de ser una sociedad princi- palmente agraria a otra muy industrializada. Con este cambio surge una nueva clase social: la burguesía industrial, con alto poder adquisitivo pero pocas cotas de poder político. Este nuevo marco económico y cultural favorece la formación de corrientes políticas propias. A finales de siglo, federalismo y proteccionismo dan paso al estallido político del naciona- lismo que culminará en la proclamación de la República Federada Catalana en 1934. 6 1.4. Catalan Renaissance (19th-20th century) Catalonia began to industrialize in 1830. Steam-powered mills brought from England and indus- trial villages shaped a new economic model based on the textile industry and chemicals, bringing with it changes in the region’s society. The rise of the cities went hand in hand with the emergence of a new social group: the industrial bourgeoisie that had lots of financial resources but no power- decision making. This new economic and cultural framework gave rise to new currents of political thought. Federalism and protectionism gave way to nationalism that developed at the end of the century, leading to the proclamation of the Federal Republic of Catalonia in 1934. 1.5. La Cataluña actual (1980- ) Tras los años de la Guerra Civil (1936-1939) y la Dictadura Franquista (1939-1975) es con la restauración de la democracia (1978) cuando Cataluña consigue sus más altas cotas de au- togobierno con el Estatuto de Autonomía declarado en la Constitución Española. A través de la Generalitat, órgano de gobierno de Cataluña, se ha internacionalizado su economía, siendo la primera comunidad autónoma en inversión extranjera y destino turísti- co. A pesar de ello, Cataluña es la cuarta comunidad con más desigualdades de España con altas tasas de desempleo, dificultad de acceso a la vivienda y drásticos recortes en políticas sociales. 1.5. Catalonia in the last decades. (1980- ) It is with the establishment of the Democracy in 1978 when Catalonia achieved the highest levels of self-government protected by the Statute of Autonomy declared in the Spanish Constitution. The Generalitat, the governmental body for Catalonia, has implemented important policies con- cerning the promotion of the region. Along these years, Catalonia has become the autonomous region that ranks highest in terms of attractiveness among foreign companies and as tourist destination. However, Catalonia is the fourth region in social inequality and in the last years has endured high rates of unemployment, insufficient access to housing and severe cutbacks in social policies. 7 2. Patrimonio Cultural Cultural Heritage 2.1. El mundo medieval catalàn. Durante la Edad Media la relación con el imperio Franco hace que se abran rutas comercia- les extendiéndose con ellas las influencias de los estilos artísticos del Imperio Carolingio: el Románico, en los siglos XI-XII, y a partir del siglo XIII, el Gótico. Ejemplos de Románico Catalán encontramos en el valle de Boí (Sant Climent de Taüll) y en los Monasterios de Ripoll (Gerona) y Poblet (Tarragona). El arte Gótico se desarrolla principalmente en ciudades como Barcelona donde encontramos ejemplos religiosos como la iglesia de Santa María del Mar o la Catedral de Barcelona, y de arquitectura civil, como los palacios de la calle Montcada. Es en este periodo de esplendor cultural cuando comienza a configurarse la lengua catalana escrita. Los primeros textos catalanes son jurídicos, Greuges de Caboet a finales del s.XI, y religiosos, las Homilías de Organyà a finales del siglo XII. 8 2.1. Catalonia and the Medieval years. During the Middle Ages, the relation between the Carolingian Empire and the Catalan Counties was constant, being Catalonia strongly influenced by the artistic styles that existed in the Empire: The Romanesque style in the 11th and 12th century and later the Gothic style in the 13th century. Catalan Romanesque examples are found in the Valley of Boi (Sant Climent de Taüll) and in the monasteries of Ripoll (Gerona) and Poblet (Tarragona). Gothic art developed mainly in cities like Gerona or Barcelona. We find nowadays in Barcelona religious examples like the church of Santa Maria del Mar and the Cathedral of Barcelona, as well as civil architecture examples in the palaces of Montcada Street in Barcelona. It is in this cultural splendor when it began to set the written Catalan. The first Catalan texts are a legal collection of writings called the Judges of Caboet from the late 11th century and the religious Homilies of Organyà at the end of the 12th century. 2.2. “Renaixença” y Modernismo. A finales de siglo XIX y principios del XX el Modernismo ya se ha extendido por toda Europa convirtiéndose en el estilo favorito de las ciudades industrializadas. En este momento Barce- lona está sufriendo un cambio radical gracias a la Exposición Universal de 1897. La influencia de Paris es notable en el nuevo urbanismo, la pintura y la arquitectura. Entre sus artistas más conocidos destacan Ramon Casas, Santiago Rusiñol, Anglada i Camarasa, Josep Pinós i Comes y los hermanos Joan Llimona y Josep LLimona, este último en escultura. La arquitectura modernista catalana desarrolla los conceptos arquitectónicos del Art No- veau basados en la Naturaleza pero con una identidad decorativa propia, donde destacan los temas históricos catalanes. Entre los arquitectos más conocidos encontramos a Puig i Cada- falch, Muntaner y Gaudí. Llevados por este romanticismo y deseo de libertad que recorre la Europa del s. XIX, la bur- guesía catalana vuelve la vista a la época medieval, recuperando las historias y leyendas olvi- dadas de la mitología catalana.
Recommended publications
  • Structural Assessment of a Roman Aqueduct “Pont Del Diable” in Tarragona by F.E.M
    Structural assessment of a roman aqueduct “Pont del Diable” in Tarragona by F.E.M. Jaume FABREGAT1, Anna ROYO1, Agustí COSTA 2, Gerard FORTUNY3, Josep LLUÍS4. (1)Architecture Student, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. [email protected], [email protected]. (2) Pd.D., Student, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. (3) Pd.D., Informatics Engineering and Mathematics Department, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. (4) Pd.D., Construction Department, ETSAR, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain. Abstract The object of study is a roman aqueduct which construction was ordered by Emperor Augustus the first century b.C. in Tarraco, a city in the north of Spain, today known as Tarragona. The city was declared Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2000, some restoration works were planed since then and those concerned the aqueduct as well. The restoration work consisted of a landscape performance and a physical and mechanical review of the aqueduct state in order to reinforce it if it was required. The landscape performance had the responsibility to rehabilitate a green area. Its direct relation with the River Francolí makes it a performance of great interest for the city, since it is its most important green corridor. The study analyzes the entire structure of the bridge considering several load cases. The purpose is to obtain data about the structure physical and mechanical behavior. With this information we will reach several conclusions concerning deformation and stress parameters. Hypothesis of load cases will take into account weathering effects since these would have changed stone properties through the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Archaeological Research at Asturica Augusta
    Proceedings of the British Academy, 86, 371-394 Recent Archaeological Research at Asturica Augusta VICTORINO GARCfA MARCOS & JULIO M. VIDAL ENCINAS Iunguntur iis Asturum XXII populi divisi in Augustanos et Transmontanos, Asturica urbe magnifica (..) (Pliny NH 3.28). OVERTHE LAST 10 YEARS, as the result of the delegation of the management of cultural affairs to the Autonomous Community of Castilla y Le6n, uninterrupted rescue excavations have taken place in the town of Astorga, Roman Asturica Augusta (Vidal 1986a and 1986b; Garcia and Vidal1990; Vidal et al. 1990, 259-63; Garcla and Vidal 1993; Tab. Imp. Rom. 1991, 27-9; Vidal 1993, 309-12; Fernhndez 1993, 227-31; Garcia 1994). At the same time, rescue excavations have also taken place at Le6n, although on a smaller scale, the camp of the Legio VI1 Gemina (Vidal 1986c; Miguel and Garcia 1993). A total of more than 50 building sites have been subject to archaeological investigation, ranging from simple watching briefs to more-frequent open-area excavations. In some cases the excavated remains have been preserved beneath newly constructed buildings and incorpor- ated into public spaces' (Figure 1). From all of this somewhat frenetic activity an enormous body of histori- cal information has been derived, which has still to be studied in depth? Nevertheless it allows a new picture to be presented of one of the least well-known of the towns of Roman Spain? Literary sources Asturica Augusta is mentioned in classical literature on a number of occasions. The earliest reference, cited at the beginning of this paper, is by Pliny the Elder (AD 23-79), procurator of the province of Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis at around AD 73, during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian.
    [Show full text]
  • Demography Roman Spain
    CARRERAS MONFORT C. A new perspective for the demographic study of Roman Spain. Revista de Historia da Arte e Arqueologia n.2, 1995-1996; pp. 59-82. A NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR THE DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ROMAN SPAIN César Carreras Monfort* * Universitat Oberta de Catalunya e-mail: [email protected] In the last years, there has been an increase in the number of demographic studies of ancient societies, with the main aim to recognize the internal organization of the populations and, to some extent, how the resources of a territory determined patterns of distribution [Gallo, 1984; Parkin, 1992]. Actually, within the limits of the Roman society, these studies allowed us to revise again basic concepts such as the relationship between the urban and rural world [López Paz, 1994], or even, to discuss about the degree of urbanism that supposedly it is accepted for the Graeco-Roman world. The demographic analyses on the Roman period were recently favoured by a better knowledge now, of the urban perimeters of ancient Roman cities, and the patterns of rural distribution; thanks to the contribution of either the urban archaeology and the rural field-surveys [Barker, 1991] and cadastres studies [Chouquer and Favory, 1991]. Furthermore, the important contribution of papyrology also stands out, since they supply information on demography, which despite being basically about Roman Egypt, it can be extrapolated to other provinces [Hombert and Preaux, 1952; Bagnall and Frier, 1994]. These new documental evidences allow us to carry out a new estimate, from another viewpoint, of the population in a very particular province such as Roman Spain, and also they become a headway in the detailed study of population patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Costa Daurada Costa Daurada (Nou Format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 1
    Coberta 20/11/12 14:28 Página 1 Generalitat de Catalunya Government of Catalonia Ministry of Enterprise and Labour Catalonia Costa Daurada Costa Daurada (nou format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 1 Catalonia Costa Daurada Costa Daurada (nou format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 2 Alt Camp Baix Camp Baix Penedès Costa Daurada (nou format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 3 Conca de Barberà Priorat Tarragonès Costa Daurada (nou format) GB 21/11/12 17:32 Página 4 Costa Daurada, the Aroma of the Mediterranean Bathed by the Mediterranean Sea, these lands are dressed with a sauce made from almonds). All named after the fine golden sand of their beaches. washed down with red wines from the Priorat, A coastline that stretches from the seaside towns Conca de Barberà, Tarragona and Montsant of L’Hospitalet de l’Infant to Cunit – to the south regions, or the more refined white wines from the and to the north of Tarragona – and a hinterland Penedès region. that rises towards the Prades Mountains. Tarragona, the capital city of these lands, was a If you enjoy the sea and like nature activities, here very important centre in the Middle Ages, though you will find not only long beaches but also sheer the city particularly stands out for its Roman past. cliffs that drop to the sea, from which many routes Some of the 2,000-year-old Roman ruins have and paths climb. You will be able to wander been preserved, and the Archaeological Ensemble through the coastal mountains, explore the Serra of Tarraco has been designated a World Heritage del Montsant mountain range and the Prades Site by UNESCO.
    [Show full text]
  • A Propósito Del Conventus Emeritensis: Consideraciones Geográficas, Arqueológicas Y Culturales
    A PROPÓSITO DEL CONVENTUS EMERITENSIS: CONSIDERACIONES GEOGRÁFICAS, ARQUEOLÓGICAS Y CULTURALES UPON THE CONVENTUS EMERITENSIS: GEOGRAPHIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS Saúl MARTÍN GONZÁLEZ 1 Universidad Complutense RESUMEN: En el siguiente trabajo intentamos arrojar luz sobre el significado del conventus Emeritensis como entidad propia dentro del contexto de la Lusitania y aún, de la totalidad de la Hispania romana. Creada durante las reformas administrativas augústeas, sorprende la configuración de un vasto espacio sin aparente personalidad propia, que aglutina múltiples espacios geográficamente diferentes del Centro-Occidente peninsular. El hecho de que en el Bajo Imperio su capital, Augusta Emerita, fuese designada como centro de la Diocesis Hispaniarum en detrimento de otras urbes importantes como Tarraco o Cartago Nova , no hace sino aumentar el aparente enigma. PALABRAS CLAVE: Conventus Emeritensis , Lusitania , Augusta Emerita , Vettonia , periodo orientalizante , Romanización ABSTRACT: In this paper we try to bring some light upon the conventus Emeritensis as entity in the Lusitanian and, widely, also the own Roman Spain contexts. Created by the Augustan reformation, this astonishing huge extension unifies several geographically different territories without any apparent pattern. In fact, at the Dominate the capital city of this territory, Augusta Emerita, was designed as the core of the Diocesis Hispaniarum above main centers as Tarraco or Cartago Nova; thus this enigma is encouraged. KEYWORDS: Conventus Emeritensis , Lusitania , Augusta Emerita , Vettonia , Orientalizing period , Romanization The Hispania Ulterior Lusitania, the most Western province in the Roman Empire, was the main innovation within the administrative reformations ordered by Octavius Augustus, possibly at the 13 B.C. 2, by his second coming to Iberia.
    [Show full text]
  • Tarraco Tardorepublicana
    TARRACO TARDOREPUBLICANA Late Republican Tarraco LUIS AMELA VALVERDE Grupo CEIPAC. Universidad de Barcelona RESUMEN: El presente artículo aborda la problemática de la posición de la ciudad de Tarraco (Tarragona) duran- te el enfrentamiento entre cesarianos y pompeyanos (49-44 a.C.), que finalizaría en la conversión de la población en una colonia romana. Análisis de los datos anteriormente conocidos (citas de las fuentes literarias y epígrafes en honor a Pompeyo Magno y Mucio Escévola), así como los nuevos estudios obtenidos a partir de la publicación de nuevos epígrafes. ABSTRACT.This article approaches the problem of the position of the city of Tarraco (Tarragona) during the con- frontation between Caesareans and Pompeians (49-44 BC), ending in the conversion of the city in a Roman colo- ny. Analysis of previously known information (quotes from literary sources and inscriptions in honor of Pompey the Great and Mucius Scaevola), as well as new studies obtained after publication of new inscriptions. Tarraco, Scipionum opus sicut Carthago phoenorum (Plin. HN 3, 21), fue la principal base romana en Hispania en tiempos de la conquista. Se encontraba tan solo a cinco días de navegación de Roma1 y, por el valle del Francolí, se accedía valle del Ebro. Tarraco era junto a Carthago Nova, a finales de la Re- pública, una de las ciudades de Hispania más destacadas desde un punto de vista económico, político y administrativo2; quizás esta población fuese la capital de la provincia de la Hispania Citerior a partir del año 197 a.C.3, como mostraría 1 Blázquez, 1975, 93 niega que Tarraco tuviera mal puerto, como afirma Estrabón (Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Tarragona Spain Travel Guide City Routes
    TARRAGONA SPAIN City Routes Photo credit: Plaça de la Font © Manel Antolí (RV Edipress) courtesy of Tarragona Tourism BY JACKIE DE BURCA TARRAGONA SPAIN City Routes - Travel Inspires Table Of Contents Roman Route: Tàrraco – UNESCO World Heritage 2 Site Since 2000 Tarragona Medieval Route 5 Tarragona Modernist Route 8 Welcome to Travel Inspires Unique Family Travel 12 Guides SIGN UP FOR NEW GUIDES 12 Tarragona City Routes - Travel Inspires TARRAGONA SPAIN City Routes - Travel Inspires Maqueta de la Tàrraco Romana – Model of Roman Route: Tàrraco – UNESCO Roman Tarraco – Antiga Audiencia, Plaça del World Heritage Site Since 2000 Pallol, 3 – This is a detailed model of what Tarraco was like at its peak. Tàrraco was founded in 218 BC, and this was the capital of the Roman Empire in Hispania Citerior. This was the Romans logistical base Muralles – Walls – Avenida Catalunya, Phone: here, and covered an impressive space of 60 977 245 796 to 70 hectares, which included its own circus, a Roman amphitheatre, the provincial forum, amongst many other elements. In 2000 this was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and below is a breakdown of the Tarragona Roman Route. The Walls (Archaeological Promenade) © Manel Antolí (RV Edipress) 3500 metres of walls were built in the 2nd century BC, of which around 1100 metres remain today. The Passeig Arqueològic is the highlight of the remaining wall, which Plaça del Fòrum (Forum Square) © Alberich borders with the old quarter of Tarragona. Fotògrafs Unusual megalithic foundations are revealed in these very well preserved sections. Please note: In Tarragona city, on Mondays all monuments are closed except for the Model Temple – Temple – Pla de la Seu of Roman Tarraco, the Cathedral and Diocesan Museum The construction of the Roman circus and provincial forum had gained the city Follow in the footsteps of the Romans, and monumental status in the second half of the nd out about life during the Roman Era.
    [Show full text]
  • Un Nuevo Documento Sobre Los Minicii De Tarraco
    199 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert UN NUEVO DOCUMENTO SOBRE LOS MINICII DE TARRACO JAVIER ANDREU PINTADO* ÒSCAR CURULLA FERRÉ** PEDRO OTIÑA HERMOSO*** RESUMEN El presente trabajo da a conocer una inscripción funeraria romana hallada recien- temente en la parte alta de la ciudad de Tarragona y que, por su contenido, ofrece algunas luces respecto de una de las familias mejor conocidas de la elite no sólo de Tarraco sino del conuentus Tarraconensis: los Minicii y también sobre los liberti de la colonia. Se ofrece lectura de la pieza y breve estudio prosopográfi co de los individuos en ella referidos, con algunas hipótesis de interpretación sobre sus relaciones fami- liares y medios de promoción. Palabras clave: Epigrafía, inscripción funeraria, Minicii, elite local, libertos. El pasado mes de diciembre, y en el contexto de los trabajos de se- guimiento arqueológico desarrollados por la empresa Némesis fueron localizados en la C/Granada y como material de relleno dos piezas de piedra de Alcover -calcárea de extraordinario pulimento pero que, en cualquier caso, no alcanza las prestaciones del mármol- ajustables en- tre sí constituyendo una placa de hasta 54,5 centímetros de largo, 37 centímetros de alto y 6,5 centímetros de grosor con texto epigráfi co en sus dos caras. Éste, en capitales cuadradas de buena época -lo que, * Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia - Facultad de Geografía e Historia - Departamento de Historia Antigua - Pº Senda del Rey, 7, 5ª planta - 28040 Madrid. ** Némesis SCCL - C/Cavallers, 6 baixos esq.
    [Show full text]
  • Modim 2018 – PROGRAM
    MoDIM 2018 – PROGRAM THURSDAY, 25 OCTOBER 2018 08:30 – Registration (ongoing through the day) 09:00 – Opening Session 1: Characterization of materials for dating. Chairperson: Gilberto Artioli. 09:30 – Keynote lecture by Gilberto Artioli, “Radiocarbon dating of complex mortars: can we assess the chances of successful dating?” 10:30 – Asscher et al., “Characterization of ancient mortars by combined XRD, NMR and FTIR techniques” 10:50 – Coffee break 11:10 – Ricci G. et al., “The castle of Cannero, Lake Maggiore, Italy: an insight into XIV-XVI century mortar techniques and their bearing on the radiocarbon dating of complex mortars” 11:30 – Poduska et al., “Assessing the feasibility of electrophoretic separation of CaCO3 polymorphs for archaeological applications” 11:50 – Hayen and Boudin, “Historic mortar characterisation, useful tools for sample selection and data interpretation of mortar dating” 12:10 – Válek et al., “Radiocarbon dating potential of lime binders used in Prague in Medieval Period” 12:30 – Lunch break at the Archéopôle d'Aquitaine 14:00 – Michalska et al., “How various carbonate components can affect the pretreatment protocol in radiocarbon dating of mortars” Session 2: Radiocarbon dating. Chairperson: Elisabetta Boaretto. 14:20 – Keynote lecture by Elisabetta Boaretto, “Radiocarbon dating of archaeological carbonate materials: difficulties, new directions and applications” 15:20 – Coffee break 15:40 – Caroselli et al., “Radiocarbon dating of dolomitic mortars from the Convent Saint John, Müstair (Switzerland): first results” 16:00 – Ringbom et al., “Delayed hardening in dating mortar” Poster session (16:20-18:00) Barrett and Reimer, “Mortar Dating: The use of FTIR and TGMS for screening samples and understanding variation in dating results” Barta et al., “Roman building I.
    [Show full text]
  • Tarragona's Superyacht Marina
    THE HOME Marina Port Tarraco in the heart of the Mediterranean OF GIANTS E U R O P E Tarragona’s Superyacht Marina Bilbao Cannes 295 NM Monaco Viareggio Saint Tropez 431 NM Barcelona 273 NM S P A I N 46 NM Corsica Rome Lisboa Madrid TARRAGONA 356 NM 41º 05’ N 1º 14’ E Valencia Ibiza 107 NM 118 NM Mallorca Sardinia 102 NM 340 NM Mediterranean sea Gibraltar www.porttarraco.com Muelle de la Costa, Tinglado 3 43004 Tarrragona - Spain +34 977 244 173 [email protected] Marina Port Tarraco is a deep-water marina in Tarragona • ISPS code compliance • Internet and satellite TV • Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) • Closed circuit television 24-hour security (Spain) designed to provide superyachts with the highest • 33 berths from 45 to 160 metres in length • Exclusive customer service quality services and offers 33 berths between 45 and 160 • More than 9 metres average draft • Commercial and leisure area • Total basin area of 150,000 m2 • Commercial rental space metres with a 24-hour security service. • Waiting dock of 140 metres in length • Storage rooms • Electrical outlets up to 1,600 amps at 400 V • Waste pickup MARPOL certificate The Marina is created and equipped to offer managers, captains and crews without any • 6,600 V / 2,000 VA electrical connection • Berthing assistance on arrival and departure absolute privacy and security protocols to ensure limitation. A variety of specialized companies can for superyachts • Fitness centre personalized services to any kind of superyacht provide services and supplies to all the superyachts • Wastewater discharge at each berth • Courtesy van with driver available on the market today, their owners, that are moored in Marina Port Tarraco.
    [Show full text]
  • Cities, Towns and Villages Escape to Catalonia and Allow Yourself to Be Captivated Index
    Cities, towns and villages Escape to Catalonia and allow yourself to be captivated iNDEX Catalonia, waiting to be discovered 3 Cities, towns and villages for everyone 4 escape to cities and towns with character 6 Solsona 10 Girona 16 Manresa 22 Terrassa 28 Vic 34 Vilafranca del Penedès 40 Montblanc 46 Reus 52 Tarragona 58 Tortosa 64 Lleida 70 FaLL in LoVe with charMinG towns 76 Beget 80 Castellar de n’Hug 84 Santa Pau 88 Taüll 92 Calella de Palafrugell 96 Pals 100 Peratallada 104 Mura 108 Rupit 112 Prades 116 Siurana 120 Montsonís 124 en roUte throUGh cities, towns and ViLLaGes 128 On the trail of Gaudí 132 Follow in the footsteps of creativity 134 Messages from the Middle Ages 136 A walk along millenary borders 138 Discover the path to your inner self 140 Pursue inspiration 142 More information 144 cataloNia, waitiNg to be discovered Getting to know Catalonia seems easy. It is a region that can be crossed from north to south by car in less than four hours, but the recommendations contained in these pages go beyond a whirlwind trip. We invite you to discover the character and charm of our cities, towns and villages. You will get to know medium sized cities and even small towns that have their own personality. Most of them have been home to different cultures and have had various moments of splendour, embodied in their architecture and also in the character that makes them unique. We are talking about traditions, culinary delights or relatively modern hobbies, such as jazz music or circus shows, which flourish inexplicably, almost magically, in a particular city.
    [Show full text]
  • SEAT Tarraco Production Starts in Wolfsburg
    October 17, 2018 SEAT Tarraco production starts in Wolfsburg → SEAT brand flagship rolls off the production line in Wolfsburg together with Volkswagen models → Synergies within the Group-wide production network allow efficient production → Production of the SEAT model is in line with Pact for the Future Wolfsburg – For the first time in about 20 years, Volkswagen’s Wolfsburg plant is producing a model of another Group brand: the SEAT Tarraco. The Spanish SUV, which was designed and developed in Barcelona, exploits the synergy effects of the MQB production platform. In Wolfsburg, the Spanish model will roll off the production line together with the Volkswagen models Tiguan and Touran. The step towards multi-brand production will boost the capacity deployment of Volkswagen’s main plant. The production of the Tarraco in Wolfsburg is part of the Pact for the Future concluded by the company and the Works Council at the end of 2016. The pact is a far-reaching timetable for improving the economic viability of the Volkswagen brand and placing the company on a firm footing for the future Press Contact Volkswagen Communications Torsten Cramm Spokesperson Volkswagen Wolfsburg Phone: +49 5361 9-22880 [email protected] SEAT Communications Cristina Vall-Llosada Head of Corporate Communications Members of the board and of the management of The new flagship of the SEAT brand is being produced Phone: +34 93 708 53 78 both group brands were accompanying the at the Wolfsburg plant together with the Volkswagen [email protected] production start of the SEAT Tarraco together with models Tiguan and Touran.
    [Show full text]