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The Baekje Historic Areas As Cultural Landscapes 12 38 K O R E A N HERITAGE 가을 autumn 2015 | Vol. 8 No. 3 가을 AUTUMN 2015 Vol. 8 No. 3 Vol. ISSN 2005-0151 KOREAN HERITAGE Quarterly Magazine of the Cultural Heritage Administration KOREAN HERITAGE 가을 AUTUMN 2015 On the Cover This Five-story Stone Pagoda at Jeongnimsa Temple Site (National Treasure No. 9) is part of the recently inscribed Baekje Historic Areas World Heritage Site. The five-tired body stands erect on its low, narrow foundation stone. The entasis expressed in the stone pillars of the first tier and the thin raised manifestations of the roofs are features borrowed by this stone pagoda from the preceding wooden examples. It does not simply mimic timber architecture, however, but creatively applies these elements to engender an aesthetic and solemn posture. Alongside the Stone Pagoda of Mireuksa Temple Site (National Treasure No. 11), this is one of only two stone pagodas remaining from Baekje. The images shown on the back are some of the artifacts excavated from the Baekje Historic Ar- eas: from the left, a sarira reliquary from the stone pagoda of Mireuksa Temple Site, the Stone Guardian from the Tomb of King Muryeong (National Treasure No. 162), the Gold Diadem Ornaments of the Queen Consort of King Muryeong (National Treasure No. 155), and the Great Gilt-bronze Incense Burner of Baekje (National Treasure No. 287). KOREAN HERITAGE is also available on the website (http://English.cha.go.kr) and smart devices. 04 | 05 CONTENTS Korean Heritage in Focus The Young Guardians of World Heritage Program 04 47 Korean Heritage for the World 08 A Personal Note on the Inscription of 08 the Baekje Historic Areas The Baekje Historic Areas as Cultural Landscapes 12 38 Aesthetic Beauty of Buddhist Images from Baekje 20 Secrets of a Directional Diagram from 24 King Muryeong’s Tomb An Integrated Understanding of the 28 24 Performing Arts of Baekje 04 Exploration of Korean Heritage Historic Houses and the Life Inside 32 Hangeul, Korea’s Foremost Cultural Brand 38 Traditional Korean Bows and Arrows 42 12 20 42 Cultural Heritage Administration Headlines CHA News 46 CHA Events 48 32 28 Korean Heritage in Focus 06 | 07 Since 2011, the Cultural The Young Guardians of World Heritage Administration has been partnering with the Heritage Program Korean National Commission for UNESCO to operate the Text & Photos by Lee Heung-u, Honorary Director of the Haeban Association of Culture Lovers Young Guardians of World Heritage program. Under this effort, activity plans by undergraduate or graduate student volunteers for promotional activities at World The Saeomdaom team and voluntary students for Gyeonggi Province Heritage sites throughout the country are selected based on an evaluation of their creativity and feasibility. This year, 126 student volunteers were selected and divided into 30 teams of three to five people each. Each team implements its respective volunteer programs in one of the four World Heritage districts of the country. The Haeban Association of Culture Lovers was commissioned with the task of overseeing the six teams, consisting of 28 students in total, allocated to the district of Seoul and the surrounding areas. The 2015 World Heritage Guardian Youth Camp was held from July 18–21 at the Ganghwa Royal Youth Hostel on Ganghwa Island, Incheon, as the first leg of this year’s Haeban Association of Culture Lovers program. During the camp, the six teams enjoyed field trips to three World Heritage sites—the dolmen sites on Ganghwa, Namhansanseong Fortress, and Hwaseong Fortress—and revised their initial activity plans based on this investigation. Afterwards, they began independently pursuing their respective activities; just a few informal meetings take place during the process, and an interim check-up meeting in September assembles all 126 volunteers. A final evaluation takes place in November where the activities of the 30 teams are examined. The activities and plans of the association’s six teams as of late August of this year are presented below. The Odongtongtong team found that traffic access to the dolmen sites can be difficult, and produced a distribution map of dolmens. They have also created promotional souvenirs, including postcards, bookmarks, and fans. The Light of Culture team originally attempted to integrate the dolmen sites with a nearby historical beacon structure, but later shifted their direction more toward a focused promotion of the dolmens: the team has been holding a dolmen quiz contest at the charity bazaar Songdo Good Market, and distributes wristbands to interested young people and middle- and high-school students from their alma maters. Activities and activity plans of World Heritage guardians Korean Heritage in Focus 08 | 09 The You & I team has been pondering promotional activities for Namhansanseong World Heritage program is the ability to gaze back on life through the lens of heritage Fortress. It is planning to identify an old traffic path marked on a historical map and activities. It allows volunteers to appreciate their genuine value as both an essential open a one-day market for residents to sell local products. component and a representation of the history of humanity, the earth, and the universe. The Saeomdaom team is planning to produce both promotional leaflets for the Participating in this program, university students, who are often discouraged by the Haenggung royal temporary residence in Hwaseong and video clips for distribution high barriers to entry into the world after school, come to discover the energy, passion, through social media. and vitality dormant within themselves, and emerge ready to courageously explore a The Jangyongyeong team conducted a survey on public awareness of Hwaseong wider world. I believe this to be an absolutely worthwhile and rewarding effort. Fortress on August 3 in front of Suwon Station and found that surprisingly little is known about the heritage. In cooperation with Suwon Jigi School, the team has been carrying out education programs for elementary school students and implementing a promotional campaign at Kyonggi University. The Dolmens’ House team had initially planned to perform activities in connection with the Dolmen Festival and create promotional compact disks (CDs) and leaflets, but discovered that the festival has actually been abolished and that similar advertising materials are already being produced by the Dolmen Appreciation Association. The team now plans to focus on promoting tourist routes around the dolmen sites. The volunteer activities performed by these student participants are contributing to their discovery of their personal identities and worth. Scientists tell us that the universe came into being about 13.7 billion years ago, the earth about 4.6 billion years ago, a living creature with DNA about 3.5 billion years ago, and the present humanity about 130,000 years ago. An awareness of the history of the universe and of humanity helps us to more fully understand the present. From the moment of birth, humans constantly expand their realm of experience and perception. These student volunteers are well on their way to pushing back the boundaries of their minds and selves beyond their immediate families and surroundings and on to heritage sites in other areas. While busy with academic studies and job-seeking, they have deliberately taken out the time to learn more about themselves and the world around them through activities at the Ganghwa dolmen sites, Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, and Namhansanseong Fortress. The Haeban Association of Culture Lovers is a non-governmental organization aimed at promoting a love for places, culture, and humanity in general. Since its establishment in 1994, the association has implemented a broad range of activities: the protection of modern heritage located around Jayu Park in Incheon associated with Japanese colonial rule; holding forums on the issue of culture; leading field trips to local cultural sites; publishing books; developing tourist paths for viewing modern heritage in Incheon; cultivating heritage guardians; transforming a former storage area into an art village; and saving household belongings from areas subject to redevelopment to establish a museum. At the core of the Young Guardians of Korean Heritage for the World 10 | 11 It was in the evening of May 4 of this year as I was just about to leave the office A Personal Note on the Inscription that my phone started blowing up. It began with a call from the Cultural Heritage Administration notifying me that a recommendation on the inscription of the Baekje of the Baekje Historic Areas Historic Areas on the World Heritage List would soon be submitted. I had long been awaiting this moment, but there was no time to digest its meaning; my mind Text by Lee Hae-moon, Chief of Heritage Team, Baekje Historic Areas Conservation and Management Foundation immediately started racing toward the imminent strategy meetings. With Yonhap Photos by Cultural Heritage Administration News Agency’s initial report on a the high likelihood of the inscription of the Baekje sites on the UNESCO list being followed by a series of news stories taking a similar tone, I received a continuous chain of congratulatory calls and requests for interviews. After a long journey of nearly a decade, I finally felt secure that the Baekje Historic Areas would make it. On that night I finally received confirmation that the recommendation made by one of UNESCO’s advisory bodies, the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), was proposing the inscription of the property on the World Heritage List. The news of the positive recommendation was a call for rediscovering the cultural and historic values of an ancient Korean civilization that had been denied its proper regard in the centuries since the Baekje Kingdom (18 B.C.–A.D. 660) fell to a Silla- Tang alliance in 660. It was also a relief for the local residents who wholeheartedly sought well-deserved recognition for the heritage of the place they had lived their entire lives.
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