vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page i The Encyclopedia of VAMPIRES, WEREWOLVES, and OTHER MONSTERS vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page ii The Encyclopedia of VAMPIRES, WEREWOLVES, and OTHER MONSTERS Rosemary Ellen Guiley FOREWORD BY Jeanne Keyes Youngson, President and Founder of the Vampire Empire The Encyclopedia of Vampires, Werewolves, and Other Monsters Copyright © 2005 by Visionary Living, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guiley, Rosemary. The encyclopedia of vampires, werewolves, and other monsters / Rosemary Ellen Guiley. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4684-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4381-3001-9 (e-book) 1. Vampires—Encyclopedias. 2. Werewolves—Encyclopedias. 3. Monsters—Encyclopedias. I. Title. BF1556.G86 2004 133.4’23—dc22 2003026592 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Photo on previous page: A vampire bat looms above a wrought iron gate in Père-Lachaise Cemetery. (Author’s collection) vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page v For David and Janet Hale vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page vi vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page vii s s CONTENTS FOREWORD ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi INTRODUCTION xiii ENTRIES A– Z 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 339 INDEX 345 vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page viii vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page ix s s FOREWORD by Jeanne Keyes Youngson, Ph.D. Founder of the Vampire Empire Of all the creatures in our mythologies and demonologies, wonderful stories about ballet. He was a real delight and a the vampire reigns as the most fascinating. Most people most appreciative audience for the movies Bob took such knowledgeable about vampires do not start out with the great care to choose. intention of becoming experts. The vampire does, how- The Count Dracula Fan Club was an immediate suc- ever, have a way of getting into your bloodstream and cess, and word about the society spread like wildfire. We staying there. At least that is what happened to me many soon had a long mailing list for our newsletter and almost years ago. from the beginning I heard from people who asked all I did not just wake up one morning and decide to start kinds of questions about vampires, wanted to tell me they the world’s first Dracula fan club. It happened over a period thought they had become a vampire, or wanted to know of time—and it certainly has been an incredible journey. how they could become one. Sometimes they wanted me to This is how it happened: In the early 1960s, I was an set them up with other blood-drinkers—as though the animation filmmaker living in New York City with my hus- club was some sort of dating service. One woman wanted band, Robert Youngson, who had won two Oscars for his to marry a vampire and start her own dynasty! The letters films The World of Kids and This Mechanical Age. We were still come in, many of them these days from prison inmates movie mavens and went as often as time permitted. Those who are desperate for pen pals. And two men on death row were the days of Brides of Dracula, Horror of Dracula, and inquired about becoming vampires so that they could live Dracula, Prince of Darkness, which I was particularly drawn on as undeads following execution. to, perhaps because I had loved Stoker’s Dracula so much. I started collecting Dracula, vampire, and horror mem- In 1965 I went on my first trip to Romania and learned orabilia in 1965 and continued amassing a huge collection, firsthand about the Wallachian voivode, Vlad Tepes. The which, I hoped, I could incorporate into a museum when guide talked about this national hero nonstop and I, of the time was right (1990, as it turned out). course, remembered Harry Ludlam mentioning him in A In 1974 Robert died suddenly and unexpectedly. Actor Biography of Dracula: The Life Story of Bram Stoker. I sup- friends in London offered me their flat, and I jumped at the pose the combination of these factors was what started me opportunity to live abroad. I had their apartment on Pall thinking about starting a Dracula society—which I did as Mall for four years and later sublet a house in Cambridge, soon as I got back to New York. The original Count Dra- England, for four more years. I commuted between the cula Fan Club was born on June 25, 1965, and, as it turned United States and England during this time, which meant I out, more people than I realized were as interested in the could have two active club headquarters, one in the States Prince of Darkness as I was. and one in Britain—the best of all possible worlds. Robert had a large office at 1 Fifth Avenue, and we had One of the first things I did once I got to London was a lot of movie get-togethers where we showed films on his join the British Dracula Society, and in 1974 I accompanied 16-mm projector. One of our regular guests was Edward them on their first trip to Romania. The journey was, in a Gorey, who later did the sets and costumes for John Bad- way, a turning point in my life, when I realized that my soci- ham’s Dracula, starring Frank Langella. Gorey always came ety had far more potential than I had originally thought. laden with gifts and balloons, sometimes with a bag of his Shortly thereafter I gave up filmmaking and turned my latest books. Both Robert and I loved his wry humor and complete attention to running the Count Dracula Fan Club. ix vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page x x The Encyclopedia of Vampires, Werewolves, and Other Monsters Through the years, I expanded the society, adding new with many writers and reporters, I was most impressed with divisions, which served several niche interests. I gave inter- Rosemary’s knowledge, professionalism, and thoroughness views, spoke at conferences, and fielded innumerable media in research. Vampires Among Us became a must-read for requests. The public’s appetite for vampires became as insa- vampire fans, and I have no doubt that this encyclopedia tiable as the vampires’ own blood lust. By 2000, it was obvi- will be met with the same enthusiasm. Rosemary has com- ous that the Count Dracula Fan Club had grown beyond piled an encyclopedia of astonishing scope and depth, from Stoker’s Count and far beyond being “just” a fan club. Vam- little-known folklore to arts and entertainment, to role- pires and Dracula had hit the big time in all respects and playing in social cultures. Simply put, the book is fascinat- had become a potent force in entertainment, literature and ing and fun. No matter where you open it, you will find the performing arts, and as pop icons. I renamed the society something amazing. It is also a substantial compendium of the Vampire Empire at the turn of this century, a title I information, an indispensable and very accessible tool for thought more befitting our extensive modus operandi. anyone who undertakes research on vampires and were- Along the way, I have had the privilege of traveling wolves, whether for academic study, for books and articles, around the world, and I have met many terrific people, or for novels and entertainment. some of whom have become important parts of the Vampire There is always something new to learn about the vam- Empire and the entire vampire field as well as close personal pire and his cousin, the werewolf. The Encyclopedia of Vam- friends. One of these persons is Rosemary Ellen Guiley. pires, Werewolves, and Other Monsters is a top pick, an I met Rosemary in 1989, when she contacted me for her important contribution to this ever-growing field. first book on vampires, Vampires Among Us. Having worked vamps_fm[fof]_final pass 2/2/09 10:06 AM Page xi s s ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply grateful to Jeanne Keyes Youngson, my dear I am indebted to the help, knowledge, and advice of friend and the founder of the Vampire Empire (formerly the numerous experts and scholars in the study of vampires, Count Dracula Fan Club), for her generous help in provid- Dracula, Bram Stoker, and werewolves. Among them are ing information and numerous pieces of art and for writing Elizabeth Miller, arguably the foremost scholar on Stoker the foreword. Many hours were spent in the Vampire and Dracula; David J. Skal, film critic; Les Daniels, author Empire archives and library. I met Jeannie in the late 1980s, and expert on horror and fantasy comics; Robert Eighteen- when I started work on my first book on vampires, Vampires Bisang and Margaret L.