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Investigating the Effect of Sustainable Patterns of Iran's Traditional Architecture in Sustainable Development

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Investigating the Effect of Sustainable Patterns of Iran's Traditional Architecture in Sustainable Development European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2015; www.european-science.com Vol.3, No.3 Special Issue on New Trends in Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Urban Studies ISSN 1805-3602 Investigating the Effect of Sustainable Patterns of Iran's Traditional Architecture in Sustainable Development Ali Khaki1, Seyyed Ashraf Sadat2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran; 2MSc in Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran Abstract The valuable experiences of the past have always been the main investment of scientists and inventors in disentangling the problems and move towards a better future, and the inter-generational transmission of past experiences has improved and strengthened the sense of reliance and has created a sustainable identity. Sustainable architecture is one of the most important trends of contemporary architecture. This trend is considered as a logical response to the issues raised in the industrialization era and it results from our ancestors confirmation corresponding with their time features and capabilities. Thus, the concept of sustainability or any other concept that comes in to the literature should be interpreted in accordance with the customs of the country, so that it is possible for society and culture to understand it. In Iranian architecture, stability issues have been associated with aesthetic, cultural and social issues and considering the interaction between these three categories can be a good solution for the design and construction of future buildings. In this article, we describe the logical and indigenous techniques. Given the nature of research in this study, it is discussed in the context of analytical-descriptive and cross sectional studies in bibliotheca. The results suggest that most of the issues raised in modern architecture are in compliance with traditional architecture in different ways and it reflects the true impact of culture, beliefs and traditions of Iranian people on the constructions and architecture of the past. Recreating these principles in accordance with modern architecture will create new approaches in contemporary architecture of Iran. Keywords: sustainability principles, traditional architecture of Iran, climate, energy Introduction Traditional architecture is filled with items, some of which may sometimes be discovered and used. The basis for this mystical architecture is its dynamism and efficiency, a valuable architecture whose fruits are buildings that are immortalized. Sustainable architecture is based on environmental notes and the design and construction with regional materials. Its purpose is to design sustainable buildings with the approach to reduce environmental damages and utilization of renewable energies and nature. Sustainable architecture includes a mixture of aesthetic, environmental, social, political, ethical and stable values. Further, pondering the basis of traditional architecture will reveal the fact that the concept of sustainability is rooted in old methods and ancient cultures and is practiced in order to honor and respect the nature and the environment. Today, the complicated relations between man and his surrounding environment have caused basic changes and transformation and the creation of different functions in the atmosphere of traditional houses. Sustainable architecture is to create coordination and harmony with nature and regional and environmental conditions and at the same time to devise a design that would be responsive to the tastes and the needs of the residents that has always been the basis for the architects' work in the past; but the sudden disruption of this creative trend of architecture and consequently taking faster and easier designs to apply, stressing on the other aspects by modern architecture, have forced us to forget all the environment-friendly methods. Therefore, it is of grave necessity to approach the 191 Special Issue on New Trends in Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Urban Studies history of the architecture of this land with openness and excavation, learn from it and utilize its theoretical backgrounds in today's architecture and construction techniques. In Heidegger's view, technology is a certain form of connecting and bonding between man and the world. Technology in the past was trying to give order to nature while also keeping and safeguarding it, but today's technology which is established based on the new sciences, it sometimes trying to disturb and conquer nature. New sciences regard nature as a network of calculable forces that provide energy and in this approach, the divine identity and its role as a guide and sign for the correct lifestyle and reaching for the supernatural is neglected. Today's human beings not only have had few developments regarding the understanding of nature's spiritual aspects, but they more often had a downtrend. These two aspects enable us to divide the human's relation with nature into four main different stages (Shojaei, 2014). In the subject related to sustainable and stable energy and its continuum, sustainable architecture, the fact that buildings should interact with their surrounding context and natural environment has turned into a matter of course. The important subject in this matter is the way this interaction takes place and the methods that are used in recent years and Iranians have enjoyed them with special sets of skills by applying these special necessities in the optimized use of natural resources and energies especially the sun and the wind and the harmony with the region. In this study, the subjects of sustainable development and designing with an approach to the diversity in Iran's traditional architecture, the devised notions applied by the residents of this country for the maximum utilization of natural energies, with the idea that these notions could be sources for inspiration and patterns for future designs are pointed out (Talaei, 2011). Significance of the study In accordance with the challenges the world faces today and also the crisis of the lack of identity that has become an epidemic to today's architecture of our country, it is necessity to pay more attention to the ideas, thoughts and traditional buildings construction methods that will cause the safeguarding of the environment and will help create a physical and mental peace of the residents (Qofrani, 1990). The main challenge facing today's architects in the world is the disruption of the relation between regional architecture and modern demands. It is necessary to analyze the utilized methods in the endemic buildings of each region as a symbol for stable and sustainable solutions and then they should be coordinated with the today's modern concepts and thoughts by the use of technological developments of this age. Now, because the Iranian historical identity (in all of aspects of life, including architecture) is forgotten in the cities of this country, the meaning of being Iranian is seldom found. With regard to this matter, the environment and the energy consumed in the buildings are the significant issues in the cities and villages. Today, because of the modern life standards are followed by everyone, heating welfare through the utilization of non-fossil fuels is not an easy task. Generally, speaking after thousands years of men's encounter with nature, their knowledge of these type of energy is not only insufficient, but also the practical information of "thermophysical" features of construction materials and particles has not evolved yet. In any case, aside from all of these issues, today houses need to be built in the minimum amount of space that would satisfy the welfare needs of human beings in all seasons. With regard to the mentioned matters, the subject of static sustainability in the past is less discussed and the utilization of these patterns can be effective in reaching a structural sustainability in today's houses (Razjoyani, 1997). With the analysis of Iranian architecture, we will realize that the symbols of the cultural values of the Iranian society are evident in the construction of their residential environments and this construction is an indication of the identity, cultural values and the beliefs of this society in a way Openly accessible at http://www.european-science.com 192 Ali Khaki, Seyyed Ashraf Sadat that the Iranian architecture, like the culture of the Iranian society is welcoming and is an inductor of a sense of belonging, the union of the composition and an even unity, the coordination of dimensions with function and structural sustainability (Asghari Moghadam, 2004). Objectives of the study Now the time has come to approach Iran's architecture, not only as historical and ancient buildings and sites but as buildings whose undying lively essence can inspire contemporary architects and artists. Therefore, it is necessary to understand Iran's traditional architecture as a mature display of formed sustainable architecture. Also, the analysis of the devised methods in traditional and regional architecture, with the goal to optimize energy consumption especially when the utilization of solely clean natural energies was dispensable, would be of great benefit for today's architects. With the developments of the technology, the practiced methods in the past can be coordinated with the needs and conditions of today and the optimized and effective utilization of clean energies are used for safeguarding the environment (Saremi, 1997). Research questions • Is Iran's
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