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The Effect of Iranian Architecture on Islamic Tourism

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DOI: 10.21276/sjet Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology (SJET) ISSN 2321-435X (Online) Sch. J. Eng. Tech., 2017; 5(5):203-206 ISSN 2347-9523 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Research Article The Effect of Iranian Architecture on Islamic Tourism Asieh Mirshekari Department of Architecture, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tbariz, Iran *Corresponding author Asieh Mirshekari Email: [email protected] Abstract: Tourism is a wide, massive and growing industry in culture and economy of the world that includes almost all aspects of a community. Today, tourism as one of the most important industries for sustainable development, especially in Islamic tourism created a great opportunity for Iranian metropolises and architecture as the most social human art is related with the space around the human and always includes an expression of life style of people and manifestation of the culture of its time. Accordingly, it has a multi-dimensional role in the creation of tourist attraction. Since the attraction of tourists results in international attention to our country as well as economic development and recognition of Iranian culture and civilization and since Iran has a high position in terms of richness of Iranian Islamic traditional architecture and has high potentials that if it is well supported, it can attract many tourists. Keywords: Architecture, Iranian architecture, Islamic tourism, tourism. INTRODUCTION TOURISM INDUSTRY In today's world, tourism becomes one of the Tourism is now the first industry in terms of ways of earning for countries and many countries seek source of income in the world, and has a very rapid to develop their capacities to attract more tourists, the growth in recent years and could improve its position to West introduced tourism with unconditional essentials the highest levels [5]. and freedoms to the world that providing some of which is prohibited by Islamic law and what is today neglected The development of the tourism industry in among types of tourism in the twenty-first century is Iran as a way to get rid of single-product economy and Islamic tourism, so that in today's world, the need for diversification of income sources, should be further this type of tourism is strongly felt. considered by planners and policymakers [6]. One of the factors affecting the Islamic tourism Tourism as one of the physical, spiritual and is Islamic architecture. Islamic architecture as the most innate needs plays an important role in many aspects of direct expression of Islamic culture has always been his life and it is considered in all divine religions considered one of the most important factors in Islamic especially Islam. Islam is a way of life, not merely a tourism. religion [10]. Islam is a comprehensive religion that addressed all aspects of human existence, both physical Architecture in the Islamic world is considered and mental aspects, and presented certain guidelines for one of the biggest effects of manifestation of an artistic all his needs. In view of Qur'an, tourism is not only fact in the material body. Historically, architecture is desirable, but also God considered it one of the great the first art that could adjust itself with Islamic concepts blessings that one should be grateful for it, and should and was welcomed by Muslims. Islamic architecture not be neglected. can be identified as one of the most successful architectural practices in world history and it seems that ISLAMIC TOURISM Islamic architectural pattern was more successful in Religion is an important cultural factor for the attracting tourists than contemporary architecture by research because it is one of the influential social identifying the buildings and urban spaces. institutions and has a significant effect on the attitudes, perceptions, values and behavior of people. In addition, Available online at http://saspublisher.com/sjet/ 203 Asieh Mirshekari et al., Sch. J. Eng. Tech., May 2017; 5(5):203-206 religion as one of the most important cultural forces has thousand years BC to the present day presented specific a great effect on human behavior. examples which are scattered from Syria or Levant to North India and China and the Caucasus. Professor Muslims who make up about a quarter of the Pope says, "Iranian buildings are varied ranging from world's population are one of the largest group of peasant hut and coffee houses, and pavilions to the most tourists in the world and the market of Muslim tourists magnificent buildings that the world has seen, in terms is one of the most important tourism markets in the of religious and target. Iranian architectural works are world. It is an unknown market that gradually goes to religious [1]. change into significant areas in the industry and change many infrastructures and reveal its effect on hotels, PRINCIPLES OF IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE restaurants, airlines and food industry, entertainment Principles of Iranian architecture are: inward- and even religious places more than before [11]. looking, avoiding idleness, humanization, self- sufficiency and structural rigidity. Iran with a history of several thousand years, is one of the top ten attractive countries in terms of Inward-looking: One of the beliefs of Iranian tourism in the world [9]. Factors such as geographic people is the personal life and its privacy that this location, climatic diversity, rich culture and history and introverted the Iranian architecture. Iranian architects other effective factors provided a proper atmosphere for with organizing buildings around one or more yards, the emergence of various forms of tourism in Iran. and isolated building from the outside world and only a Nowadays, it is considered as one of the most attractive vestibule connected the two. Avoiding idleness: tourist areas in the world. Due to the richness and Architectural Iran tried not to do fruitless work and they importance of religious foundations in Iran, one of the avoided waste. most important tourist attractions are religious sites, shrines and holy sites that attracts a large number of Humanization: Humanization means tourists every year. Since among Iranians, the most respecting the proportionality among the organs of important identity is religious and national identity, if building and human organs and attention to his needs in any issues is related to the identity is confirmed and construction. In Iran like other places, architecture is an welcomed by public [2]. art related to life. Iranian architect took the height of doorways to the size of people and adorned the orifice IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE so that brought the sunlight and moonlight into the The architecture of each country and nation house arbitrarily. identifies the physical aspect of civilizations and a model for other cultures. Iran is the paradise of Self-sufficiency: Iranian architects tried to archaeologists with over 6000 years of history. bring required materials from the nearest places and Architecture in countries with ancient history and constructed the buildings so that they didn’t need the culture, is considered as one of the important materials from other places and only relied on foundations of civilization. Iran with a history of themselves. The construction work was done faster and several thousand years of civilization, has architectural the building was more consistent with the nature around solutions. Unique historical monuments, various and materials were always available at the time of religious buildings and historical hills show the effect of reconstruction and modernization. different civilizations in shaping the civilization of Iran. For example, it is believed that in the formation of Structural rigidity: structural rigidity refers to Persepolis, elements from civilizations such as Egypt the static knowledge, technologies of building and and Mesopotamia were involved. Unique urban recognizing materials. Architects considered the buildings as Choghazanbil, Shushtar hydraulic systems, building rigidity very much, and knew that it was not Nooshijan temples at 20 km West of Malayer, Citadel isolated from beauty. They achieved sizes for covers, of Bam, buildings of Iranian mosques, which are very orifices and gaps that were all based on structural unique, hills, such as Teppe Zagheh, Ganjdareh, Ali rigidity [4]. Kosh, Godin Tepe, Hegmataneh, Baba Khan Hills etc., and temples, Hindu temples, undergrounds, such as the Iran's monuments can be categorized as underground city which are in Samen and Nanaj and follows based on the architectural style: Kasb villages in Malayer, and many other items that are all representative of Iranian traditional architecture. It Prior to Persian, Persian, Parthian, Khorasani, they are identified and introduced, they have many Razi, Azari and Esfahani. capabilities and can attract specific tourists. Perhaps the ancient Iranian architecture which in its new form can In this division, four Khorasani, Razi, Azari best introduce the Islamic architecture in terms of art and Esfahani are the Islamic practices and emerged and its effect on ancient Iranian civilization, at least five Available online at http://saspublisher.com/sjet/ 204 Asieh Mirshekari et al., Sch. J. Eng. Tech., May 2017; 5(5):203-206 followed by changes after the arrival of Islam in Iran changes in architecture was first began at Tehran and [3]. continued to elsewhere in Iran. IRANIAN - ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE CONCLUSIONS
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