TPN NEWSLETTER July 2020

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

TPN NEWSLETTER July 2020 TPN NEWSLETTER July 2020 Migration 101 One of our Tigrayan sisters in Yemen waiting in line to be counted by smugglers Source: InfoMigrants 2019 According to the United Nations International Office for Migration (IOM), a migrant is defined as … any person who is moving or has moved across an international border or within a State away from his/her habitual place of residence, regardless of: (1) the person’s legal status; (2) whether the movement is voluntary or involuntary; (3) what the causes for the movement are; or (4) what the length of the stay is ... According to estimates from 2019, there are approximately 272 million migrants globally, comprising about 3.5% of the world’s population. There are two main categories of migrants to keep in mind: (1) those that are forced to leave home; and (2) those who do so by choice. Forced migrants may be fleeing conflict, persecution, and/or natural disasters. Voluntary migrants on the other hand might leave their homes in search of educational or economic opportunities. Another important distinction to keep in mind is that there are those who migrate regularly and those that migrate irregularly. Regular migrants are those with the documentation necessary to travel accordance with “the laws, regulations, or international agreements governing the entry into or exit from the State of origin, transit or destination.” The many others who migrate irregularly are often left with less visible means of travel making them particularly vulnerable to trafficking and other dangers. Many of us in the Tigrayan diaspora are a product of one of the previous waves of forced migration from Ethiopia. While we understand the many challenges that face those who migrated to North America, Europe and other parts of the industrialized world, it is important to remember that many of our brothers and sisters sometimes face additional complexity in their host countries. Tigrayans who migrated to parts of the world where immigration policies may be more restrictive are often living and working in dire and sometimes unsafe conditions. In some cases, while their host country (i.e., the countries in which they are living and working) may be peaceful, they do not have the opportunity of citizenship and the rights and protections that would be afforded as a result. Others, like our brothers and sisters currently in Yemen, are living in harrowing circumstances due to the overall political and economic climate in their host countries. As many of you know, there are approximately 45,000 Tigrayans currently languishing in prisons or on the streets in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and in Yemen. Among them are people from other parts of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia. For those in overcrowded prisons, the risk of infectious disease is high and many people are reported to have died. This is particularly concerning in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges are particularly difficult for women and it has been reported that many are giving birth in detention. In addition to those in prisons, there are people who are trapped on the border between the two countries (primarily in Yemen) that are in desperate need of food, shelter and medicine. Due to the ongoing conflict, some of those in Yemen were wounded or perished because they were caught in the crossfire. Many women are reported to have been raped. International Organizations are reported to have difficulty accessing them due to the armed conflict. While our brothers and sisters are asking for the Ethiopian government for their immediate repatriation home with the support of international organizations, to date, the Ethiopian administration is refusing to do so. It is argued that this may be due to and/or fanning the flames of ethnic tension. So what can we do in light of all of these challenges? Let’s begin by addressing their immediate needs while a more sustainable solution is identified by donating to this gofundme. Community News Fundraiser for Migrants in Yemen & Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Learn more about the fundraiser and support the 45,000 brothers and sisters that are currently trapped in Yemen and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that are stranded and in dire need of our help by sharing the link and donating here. Vote for Gebre-egziabher Gebre! One of the male finalists for the SOS Children’s Villages International’s Hermann Gmeiner 2020 Award is Gebre-egziabher Gebre. Gebre-egziabher is an SOS alumni. from the SOS Children’s Village in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Please read his amazing story, watch his video and VOTE for Gebre-egziabher Gebre here. The deadline for voting is July 23, 2020. Let’s all come together and make sure our fellow brother Gebre- egziabher takes the award home by voting and sharing the link with others. Have community news to share? Send us the information at [email protected]. TPN News and Events History of Tigray Teleconference On June 27th, the Tigray Community Forum’s Identity Committee successfully hosted its first teleconference on the History of Tigray. The discussion was led by our distinguished guests Dr. Ghelawdewos Araia and Prof. Zeresenay Alemseged, and moderated by our very own Dr. Tsega Gebreyesus and Senaye Gebre-Michael. The purpose of the call was to equip and inform American raised and/or born Tigrayans on their rich history and identity. The discussion was amazing and extremely informative. For those of you who couldn’t join the call, you can watch the full recording posted on YouTube here. Please note that this was just the first session of many, and that it will be an ongoing program to learn the nuances and debates involved in the history of Tigray in order to inspire the next generation of Tigrayan archaeologists and historians to question and further explore the history of Tigray. TPN Atlanta Career Presentations The TPN Atlanta Chapter compiled presentations from several Tigrayan professionals that provided insight into their careers. Due to COVID-19 concerns, a scheduled career fair was cancelled, so members came together to record presentations to share virtually with the community. Watch the TPN Atlanta Chapter’s Career Presentations on YouTube here. Guest speakers hailed from a number of different fields including the Media, Technology, Health, and the Military. You’ll learn so much about different careers in each field by listening so tune in! Contact the TPN Atlanta Chapter at [email protected] with any questions. Spotlight of the Month Each month, we will highlight a Tigrayan professional or business. To nominate someone you know, email [email protected] with the subject line “Spotlight Nomination." Meet this month's spotlight: Rahel Haile Tell us about your current profession/interests/pursuits? My name is Rahel Haile and I am currently the Human Resources Coordinator at The Child and Family Therapy Center of Denver. I received my undergraduate degree in Psychology and am currently pursuing a graduate degree in Industrial Organizational Psychology. My ultimate goal is to open a consulting firm here in the United States and hopefully establish a solid Mental Health Therapy Center in Tigray. What led you to this path and what keeps you going? Both my community and family have been such a great support team. They are the ones who keep me motivated and remind me why I entered the field of psychology and mental health. What is the biggest lesson life has taught you so far? The biggest thing that life has taught me is to always have a positive attitude and remain optimistic. It allows me to turn negatives into positives and helps me understand that although life isn’t perfect, perception is everything. What do you do for fun and to recharge? I’m very much a social butterfly and love to be surrounded by people with positive energy and good vibes. I love to spend time with my girlfriends, have brunches, and shop! Trivia: Our People What is the total population of Tigray? Last month's Trivia: When was the Tigrinya language established? The origin of the Tigrinya language, a direct descendant of Ge’ez, is debated in the literature. Some historians argue that the language was spoken in Axum by the second half of the first millennium after the Common Era (CE). Others argue that the oldest written evidence of the Tigrinya language is in customary laws found in Akele Guzai (modern day Eritrea) dating back to the 13th century. Despite the debates, one thing is clear. The descendants of the Geez-speaking people (modern day Tigrinya-speakers and the Tigre of Eritrea) developed one of the oldest alphabets in the world that remains the written script used in Ethiopia and Eritrea to this day. Tigrinya Word of the Month ስደተኛ Tigrinya pronunciation: sidetegna Definition: a person living outside of their homeland The Tegaru Professionals Network (TPN) is a collective of professionals, educators, leaders, and dedicated community members aspiring to make a positive impact on the growth and development of Tigrayans throughout North America. Support our mission by becoming a member! Follow us @tegarupn on Instagram, and like Tigray Communities Forum on Facebook. TPN depends on memberships dues to sustain its mission and programming. Keep us going by submitting your dues on time monthly. We also accept one-time donations to fund our programming and services. Thank you for your support. 1234 Tigray Lane Atlanta, GA 30318 Add us to your address book You may unsubscribe if you prefer not to receive future emails from us | Privacy Policy.
Recommended publications
  • The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961) Nikolaos Biziouras Published Online: 14 Apr 2013
    This article was downloaded by: [US Naval Academy] On: 25 June 2013, At: 06:09 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Journal of the Middle East and Africa Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujme20 The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961) Nikolaos Biziouras Published online: 14 Apr 2013. To cite this article: Nikolaos Biziouras (2013): The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961), The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 4:1, 21-46 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2013.771419 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Tigrinya Literature
    ASPECTS OF TIGRINYA LITERATURE (UNTIL 1974) BY HAILTJ HABTU Thesis submitted for the degree of M*Phil® at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London* June* 1981* ProQuest Number: 10673017 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673017 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 6 - 1346 ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to study the origin and deve­ lopment of Tigrinya as a written language-a topic that has so far received little scholarly attention. As time and the easy accessibility of all the relevant material are limiting factors,this investigation is necessarily selective. Chapter One takes stock of all available writing in the Tigrinya language frcm its beginning in the middle of the last century up to 1974. Chapter Two briefly investigates the development of writ­ ten Tigrinya to serve varying functions and ends and the general direction that its development took. Chapter Three provides a glimpse of the breadth and variety of literature incorporated in the Eritrean Weekly News published in Asmara by the British Information Services frcm 1942 to 1952.
    [Show full text]
  • Read the Paper (Adobe PDF) (Chapter from "Unfinished Business
    Background to war - from friends to foes Martin Plaut Introduction The war that broke out between Ethiopia and Eritrea on 6th May 1998, and was finally concluded by a peace treaty in the Algerian capital, Algiers, on 12th December 2000 can be summarised in a paragraph. The neighbouring states, previously on good terms, were involved in a skirmish at the little known border town of Badme. The town lies in an inhospitable area towards the western end of the one thousand-kilometer border separating the two countries, not far from Sudan. The initial clash escalated dramatically. The conflagration spiraled out of control, and resulted in all-out war along the length of border. The international community, including the United States, Rwanda, the Organisation of African Unity, the United Nations and the European Union attempted to end the hostilities. They met with little success. Eritrea made initial gains on the battlefield, including taking Badme, but the frontlines soon solidified. After a month of fighting President Bill Clinton managed to persuade both sides to observe a temporary truce in order to allow further diplomatic efforts. However, these failed to bear fruit, and in February 1999 Ethiopia successfully re-captured Badme. Despite heavy fighting in May that year, Eritrea was unable to re-capture the area. For almost a year diplomats unsuccessfully sought to end the conflict, but to little effect. In May 2000 a frustrated Ethiopia launched its largest offensive of the war, breaking through Eritrean lines in the Western and Central sectors, and advancing deep into Eritrean territory. Having re-captured Badme and other land it had lost, and under considerable pressure from the international community, Ethiopia halted its advance and both sides signed a cease-fire on 18 June 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Response to Eritrea: Initial REPORT
    A Submission on the Initial Report of the Government of Eritrea (1999 -2016) To the African Commission for Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR) 62nd Ordinary Session 25 April – 9 May 2018 By: Human Rights Concern – Eritrea (HRCE) [email protected] http://hrc-eritrea.org Table of Content Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Map of Eritrea ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Glossary............................................................................................................................................... 7 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 8 B. Background............................................................................................................................... 10 C. Rule of Law - Legal and Institutional Drive for Development - Establishing Political base 11 Transition of Provisional Government of Eritrea (PGE) .......................................................................... 11 EPLF/PFDJ 3rd Congress 1994; G15 Dissidents (2001) ............................................................................. 13 PGE, Constitution, National Assembly Elections....................................................................................... 16 1997 Ratified Constitution
    [Show full text]
  • “We Are the Prisoners of Our Dreams:“ Long-Distance Nationalism and the Eritrean Diaspora in Germany
    “We are the Prisoners of our Dreams:“ Long-distance Nationalism and the Eritrean Diaspora in Germany Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades des Doktors der Philosophie im Fachbereich Sozialwissenschaften der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von Bettina Conrad aus Simmern/Hunsrück Hamburg, April 2010 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 14. Juli 2010 Copyright Bettina Conrad, 2012 Content __________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgements iv Illustrations vi Abbreviations viii Glossary ix Introduction 1 The absent diaspora (or how I came to research “Eritrea Abroad”) 2 Researching “Eritrea Abroad”: chances and challenges 8 Some relevant themes and research questions 15 Conceiving the Eritrean diaspora: key terms and concepts 17 Overview and organisation 24 Chapter 1: From Exile to Diaspora: A Short History of the Eritrean Refugee Community in Germany 28 Of nationalism and exile: a background note on the beginnings of the Eritrean struggle 26 Early years of exile in Europe: before the EPLF, before “Unity in Diversity” 34 Eritreans for Liberation and the EPLF’s struggle for domination at home and abroad 40 Mass-flight and mass-mobilization: building the EPLF’s “infrastructure of absorption” 44 Adi ertra abroad: life in exile and the need for community 51 Beyond adi ertra: mobilising international solidarity and financial support 54 Free at last: going back or staying on? 60 i Chapter 2: “A Culture of War and a Culture of Exile.” Young Eritreans in
    [Show full text]
  • Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA
    The Expansion of Sedentary Villages from Title Nabagade Valley to Qohaito Plateau : Intersecting Lineage, House and Community Paradigms Author(s) Gebru, Robel Citation Issue Date Text Version ETD URL https://doi.org/10.18910/61440 DOI 10.18910/61440 rights Note Osaka University Knowledge Archive : OUKA https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/ Osaka University The Expansion of Sedentary Villages from Nabagade Valley to Qohaito Plateau: Intersecting Lineage, House and Community Paradigms Robel Haile Gebru Ph.D (Anthropology) Thesis Graduate School of Human Sciences Osaka University December 16, 2016 The Expansion of Sedentary Villages from Nabagade Valley to Qohaito Plateau: Intersecting Lineage, House and Community Paradigms Robel Haile Gebru The Expansion of Sedentary Villages from Nabagade Valley to Qohaito Plateau: Intersecting Lineage, House and Community Paradigms By Robel Haile Gebru A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology of the Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University December 16, 2016 Certification The undersigned certifies that he has read and hereby recommends for acceptance by the Graduate School of Human Sciences at Osaka University a thesis titled “The Expansion of Sedentary Villages from Nabagade Valley to Qohaito Plateau: Intersecting Lineage, House and Community Paradigms” in fulfillment of the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in Anthropology of the University of Osaka. ……………………………. Professor Eisei Kurimoto Supervisor ……………………………. Professor Satoshi Nakagawa Committee ……………………………. Professor Atsuro Morita Committee ……………………………. Professor Chihiro Shirakawa Committee December 16, 2016 Declaration and Copyright I, Robel Haile Gebru, declare that this thesis is my original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other university for similar or any other reward.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethiopian – Eritrean Border Conflict
    46 Articles Section The Ethiopian – Eritrean Border Conflict Jean-Louis Péninou Introduction of July 1900 between Italy and Ethiopia. This accord A lot has already been written in the news media delineates the central and western parts of the concerning the current Eritrean-Ethiopian war. Eritrean-Ethiopian border. This is where border Nevertheless, one should not lose sight of the fact incidents occurred on the 6, 9 and 12 May 1998. that this conflict is, from the beginning, a war about From west to east, starting from the trijunction with borders. It maybe that, as the situation appears to the Sudanese border at Khor Um Hagger, the deteriorate between the two countries, the border Ethiopian-Eritrean border follows the Tekezze river problems will be put to one side for a while and more up to the junction with the Maieteb river, then by a fundamental objectives will, unfortunately, be found straight line to join the Mereb river at Mai Ambessa. to justify a full scale war. However, one day or Then the border follows the Mareb, through most of another, and the sooner the better, border the central highlands. When the Mareb is joined on demarcation will have to take place along the its right side by the Belessa river, the border parties’ c.1,000km-long common border. It seems follows the Belessa. Thereafter, the border is, likely that some kind of international arbitration or eastwards, fixed by the Muna river. All these rivers mediation will be necessary in order to prepare the are well marked, in a mountainous landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • Unemployment and Social Disorder During the British Colonial Period in Eritrea (1941-1951)
    14th Meeting of the African Economic History Network Barcelona, 18-19 October 2019 Unemployment and Social Disorder during the British Colonial Period in Eritrea (1941-1951) Temesgen Tesfamariam Beyan (PhD) Senior Researcher, Research and Documentation Center Asmara, Eritrea Lecturer College of Business and Social Science Adi-keih, Eritrea Email: [email protected] Abstract This paper investigates a connection between unemployment and social disorder that characterized British colonial rule in Eritrea between 1941 and 1951. Using the archives of labor of the British period, this article examines the causes of social disorder that galvanized the British period in Eritrea. Based on the archival documents, the article argues that public insecurity and social disorder that troubled Eritrea during British colonial period was largely the outcome of socio-economic conditions that resulted in mass unemployment due to: one, the dissolution of the colonial army institution; two, the destruction of the manufacturing industries; and three, the importation of labor from neighboring countries of British colonies. With the annihilation of Italian colonialism from Eritrea, British colonial system, which was already losing its appetite for maintaining its colonies elsewhere came into Eritrea with no agenda of capitalist expansion. Consequently, it caused massive laid-off labor, which as a result hatched social groups such as migrant workers, brigands and vagabonds. On this backdrop, the current paper offers an alternative explanation to the sources of public insecurity and social disorder that emerged during the brief British colonial era in Eritrea. 1 1. Introduction Having defeated Italian colonial forces in Eritrea, British Forces occupied the country in April 1941 as part of the Allied Forces military advancement of WWII campaign.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on Nationalism and Resistance in Eritrea, 1890-1940
    NO MEDICINE FOR THE BITE OF A WHITE SNAKE: NOTES ON NATIONALISM AND RESISTANCE IN ERITREA, 1890-1940 By Tekeste Negash, University of Uppsala ?,'atl.: Cif/..::.,J fl 'l,,~'J: o...-}· '?' 1JJ'J: flt1 nlr-.: ~('l. rrJ.,: 7i 1'" (7Ti()': OH;" 7 ~tI. '), 1 Y '1-', tU, rr,: a:tf'l fP: ;Mi'!: till: tU. d- -n I'::., ')', ? -/'I'rrt . 'r7 ~: {'.q'('+ t'I /il (P: 1:"1 ~f ,<qTJC: ~ U r, ?l ?9?-::f'"r(? 1';+, IltN.,-;FIMJ PTJ: }7C: 0--11-; 'n~z.tJ'7~·: CTTI tll.·, r: lrT:"7 9>: .,,? ~';t-'CUT77";": huv tl1 W:~~ /I 'j•• : ;::.0 (ur.; 'f t.. ~' tF .cm .. >. '} S:'-j- "H? .'l'1-, fl (10 7 "7~";' 91: ~ trI: :t'1'/r/>: Y'nn l.:~:pTJ; -j7~vl-' 71 ~/r,H.PTJ' fT+fltfl: ~ tlt.=t: :' n>-, W-t+ >'e-;:-pv: .st Frutf/;.: ~l/u I'l"q:; I lf~h'~'C:(h'';'tt-n)!JIt+ 9.ol.l=f·'·; }'~·I· vo~·~· 7-11 y,-J,: ">l SH? y: "117: '"7, w. Jorfk.fU c ·./,;-i ),~+:: n1'l.-t.'1: 4:11.. "/1: 7... ·~·y-t? er(, xcp. n V.=?=<F1: OH'.: ?'''71.J. 1lc+t, C 'tu c..~li:r-: e'l &l.:P Te 'l' h-j-~'t.:·· n 7 IlnrH-r, fJ;""ril- 'i'G>-pT): Z. t1' 'f: fl.. tz 61': 11 ~ 1'1 rr ar. HtTTJ'J I ~?: n ~ 1'-11 t;'tI'~?: l/I'b Itv'+ 'O~ a,. 1'07 *1 f"=t:: ~ /)4>: ~,. 9. + q' G sz,.:t:, n 4" rrc: pv : :o, lf :./. ;., ~ ~ '7 il~ n ~ 'l 9( \n '1: n.
    [Show full text]
  • Mikael Hasama Raka 1984
    From the book FUTURE LIFE AND OCCULT BEINGS by Mikael Hasama Raka (124 pages, 1984) 1 From the book FUTURE LIFE AND OCCULT BEINGS by Mikael Hasama Raka (124 pages, 1984) From the book FUTURE LIFE AND OCCULT BEINGS by Mikael Hasama Raka 124 pages, 1984 CHAPTER ONE SOCIETY AND CULTURE SOCIETY Before the Italian occupation, Eritrea was divided into several free districts maintaining different names. For the sake of unity, Italy gave it the name of Eritrea, after the Roman term for the Red Sea, Mare erythraem. Eritrea has an area of roughly 119,000 square kilometres. Its 800-kilometer-long coastline stretches from Ras Dumeira in the south to Ras Kassar in the north. Eritrea is divided into three main zones: (a) highland, (b) middleland, and (c) lowland, with over 220 large and small islands in the Red Sea. Its peculiar geographical conformation favoured free mass migration into the region, from various directions, before the colonial era, and, consequently, different races of people have either passed through or settled here in the past. Its strategic position as a base for communication with the outside world attracted the attention of great powers at all periods, and the country has always been the victim of its geographic location. The present population is the mixture of various ethnic groups of Semito-Hamatic origin that came from different parts over the centuries, settled in the country, and mingled together. They profess Christian and Muslim religions and have nine different languages, the mostly widely used of which are Tigre and Tigrigna, of Gheez origin, a Semitic language.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism and Secession in the Horn of Africa a Critique of the Ethnie Interpretation
    Nationalism and Secession in the Horn of Africa A Critique of the Ethnie Interpretation Dominique Jacquin Thesis submitted for the PhD in International Relations London School of Economies and Politicai Science University of London 2 Abstract This thesis seeks to assess the relevance of existing theories about the origins of nationalism and investigate more specifically the claixn that nationalism is rooted in ethnicity. It does so by examining the cases of Eritrea and Somaliland, which proclaimed their independence in May 1991 after seceding from the states to which they were formerly united. Having explained in the introduction why International Relations needs to take a closer look at the causes of nationalism, the second chapter proceeds to review some of the main theories about the origins of nationalism. It retraces the history of the primordialist-modernist debate, discusses the main contentions of the ethnonationalist approach and presents some of the factors singled-out by recent scholarship as propitious for the emergence of nationalism. Given that most of the theories about the origins of nationalism presented in chapter two centre on Europe, chapter three surveys the literature on the rise of nationalism in Africa in order to determine whether any additional factors need to be considered before analysing Eritrea and Somaliland. Chapter three also includes a discussion of the anthropological literature on ethnicity in Africa and questions the ethnonationalist claim that ethnie groups are pre-modern. Using as a framework the factors identified previously, chapter four offers a historical account of the emergence of nationalism in Eritrea. Chapter five does the same for the case of Somaliland.
    [Show full text]
  • LAND DISPUTES Berweeen VILLAGES in the HIGHLAND of ERITREA: the CASE of GUAQUAT and GEDDELE VILLAGES
    LAND DISPUTES BErWEEEN VILLAGES IN THE HIGHLAND OF ERITREA: THE CASE OF GUAQUAT AND GEDDELE VILLAGES .. ~ Y . t,l • 1.;-, I "" HABTEAB w. GHEBREAB August 2004 . ~ '. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master in social science in the Faculty of Human Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. Declaration I, Habteab Werede, declare that this thesis is my own work. Any work done by other persons has been properly acknowledged. This thesis has been submitted in the Department of Sociology in the Faculty of Human Science at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. Abstract This thesis is an examination into the problem of land disputes between villages in the highland (kebessa) area of Eritrea. Through a case study ofthe dispute between the villages of Guaquat and Goddele, which are located in the district of Mereta Keih, Southern Zone, this study explores the causes, nature and consequences of land disputes and the mechanisms by which they are settled. It interprets the land dispute by placing it within its historical, social, and political contexts and in the land tenure systems in the area, establishing the complex nature of the case study in particular and land disputes in the highland in general. In this area of the country, where the society is made up of settled peasant cultivators, the village is the basic land owning-community in which land is communally owned. For almost all of rural Eritreans land remains the sole means of subsistence, hence the means of life. Yet, over the decades, because of high population density land resource became extremely scarce.
    [Show full text]