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702132/702835 European Architecture B

landscape and architecture COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969

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do not remove this notice scene from a C15th manuscript of the Roman de la Rose

Christopher Thacker, The History of (Berkeley [California] 1979), p 87 Monreale Cathedral, Palermo, Sicily, 1176-82: cloisters of the Benedictine Monastery commercial slide RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE && MANNERISMMANNERISM gardens of the Villa Borghese, Rome: C17th painting J D Hunt & Peter Willis, The Genius of the Place: the 1620-1820 (London 1975), p 61 Villa Medici di Castello, , with gardens as improved by Bernardo Buontalenti [?1590s], from the Museo Topografico, Florence

Monique Mosser & Georges Teyssot [eds], The History of Garden Design: The Western Tradition from the Renaissance to the Present Day (London 1991 [1990]), p 39 Chateau of Bury, built by Florimund Robertet, 1511-1524, with gardens possibly by Fra Giocondo

W H Adams, The French Garden 1500-1800 (New York 1979), p 19 Chateau of Gaillon (Amboise), begun 1502, with gardens designed by Pacello de Mercogliano Adams, The French Garden, p 17 Casino di Pio IV, Vatican gardens, Rome, by Pirro Ligorio, begun 1559

L H Heydenreich & Wolfgang Lotz [translated Mary Hottinger], Architecture in Italy 1400 to 1600 (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1974), pl 269 Casino di Pio IV, courtyard

Heydenreich & Lotz Architecture in Italy, pl 27 Hortus Palatinus, Heidelberg, Germany, by Salomon de Caus, ?c 1620 Mosser & Teyssot, The History of Garden Design, p 158 garden of Weldam Castle, Overijssel, Holland, C17th, reconstructed in the C19th Country Life, CLX, 4130 (26 August 1976), p 542 garden of the Chateau de Villandry, near Tours, France, early C17th at Villandry: detail

MUAS 14,744 designs for flower beds, from a sixteenth century watercolour, Biblioteca Universitaria, Pisa Mosser & Teyssot, The History of Garden Design, p 83 at Levens Hall, Westmoreland, Cumbria, England, originally late C17th Mosser & Teyssot, The History of Garden Design, p 371 topiary and orange trees Saloman Kleiner, Vera et Accurata Delineatio Omnium Templorum et Coenobiorum (1724-) Villa d'Este, Tivoli, gardens by Pirro Ligorio, 1550; completed c 1565-72 Heydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl 268 Villa d'Este, of the Rometta

Heydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl 272 Pitti Palace, Florence, by Filippo Brunelleschi & Luca Fancelli, c 1458-65, rear wings and court by Bartolomeo Ammanati, 1558-70 Miles Lewis Boboli Gardens, by Tribolo, 1550: the 'amphitheatre' commercial slide, no 50 Boboli Gardens, by Tribolo, 1550, view in a lunette by Giusto Utens Museo Topografico, Florence Boboli Gardens: diagrammatic view J C Shepherd & G A Jellicoe, Italian Gardens of the Renaissance (New York, nd [c 1993] [1953]), pl 30 in the Boboli Gardens, by Giorgio Vasari, 1556-70, & Bernardo Buontalenti, 1583-1593

Heydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl 356 grotto in the Boboli Gardens Heydenreich & Lotz, Architecture in Italy, pl 357 Grotto at La Bastie d'Urfe (Auvergne)

Country Life, 31 October 1974, p 1273 'January', bronze garden sculpture by Bartolommeo Ammannati Villa Medici di Castello, Florence

Puppi, 'Nature and Artifice', p 51 BAROQUEBAROQUE ININ FRANCEFRANCE Chateau of Richelieu, near Chinon, by Jaques Lemercier, 1631-42

Reginald Blomfield, A History of French Architecture from the Reign of Charles VIII till the death of Mazarin, 1494-1661 (2 vols, London 1921), II, pl cxxxiii, p 81 portrait of André le Nôtre, by Carlo Maratta, 1678 Pierre-André Lablaude, The Gardens of Versailles (London 1995), p 24 Vaux-le-Vicomte, garden front Diapofilm 5437 JH-2 Vaux-le-Vicomte, view across the pool Anthony Blunt, Art and Architecture in France (London 1979), pl 103 grand allée

Vaux-le- rond point R Vicomte o n garden plan d by Israel P Silvestre o i n t

patte d’oie Mosser & Teyssot, The History of Garden Design, p 114 Vaux-le-Vicomte, detail of the east parterre Miles Lewis Vaux-le-Vicomte south view & parterre MUAS 16,150 Vaux-le-Vicomte, view south from the terrace Miles Lewis Vaux-le- Vicomte, aerial view

Germain Bazin, The Baroque, p 100 Vaux-le-Vicomte, aerial view Edward Hyams, A History of Gardens and Gardening (New York 1971), p 158 VERSAILLESVERSAILLES Versailles, Chateau of Clagny, garden plan by Le Nôtre, engraved by Pérelle René Huyghe, Larousse Encyclopedia of Renaissance and Baroque Art] (London 1964), p 284 Versailles, park front, in a contemporary painting MUAS 11,461 Versailles: aerial view by Pierre Patel, 1668 Pierre-André Lablaude The Gardens of Versailles (London 1995) p 32 the Machine de Marly and the Aqueduct: detail of a painting by Pierre-Denis Martin, 1724

Lablaude, Gardens of Versailles, p 47 Versailles de Théatre d'Eau painting by Jean Cotelle

Lablaude, Gardens of Versailles, p 85 Versailles, Basin of Latona La Goélette Versailles, the Grand Perspectif Miles Lewis Versailles, aerial view from the Basin of Apollo back to the chateau La Goélette Versailles, the Basin of Apollo, by J B Tuby Miles Lewis Versailles: the chateau seen from the Basin of Apollo MUAS 6,834 Versailles, view east from the Basin of Apollo MUAS 11,438 Versailles: plan of the gardens at the end of the reign of Louis XIV, by Le Pautre (inverted) and modern aerial photo Dunlop, Versailles, pl 8; Pérouse de Montclos, Versailles, p 414 Versailles, the Apollo , Grand Canal and flotilla, engraved by Perelle Pérouse de Montclos, Versailles, p 39 Versailles, water parterre and sculpture of the River Garonne by Antoine Coysevox

MUAS 11,452 Marly, by Pierre-Denise Martin Millon, Triumph of the Baroque, p 285 the cascade, Marly, created in the 1690s, destroyed 1728 Thacker, History of Gardens, p 159 the cascade , detail of a painting by J-B Martin Mitford, The Sun King, facing p 64 Basin of the Pyramid by François Girardon; l'Allée des Marmosets. MUAS 11,444; 11,441 Versailles, Basin of Flora, or Spring, by J B Tuby

Miles Lewis; MUAS 11,449 Versailles Basin of Saturn, or Winter, by Girardon

MUAS 11,448 Versailles, Fountain of Enceladus, by Gaspard Marsy, 1675-7

Pérouse de Montclos, Versailles, p 339 Versailles, Fountain of Enceladus, by Gaspard Marsy, 1675-7, detail Pérouse de Montclos, Versailles, p 339 Versailles, Basin of Neptune La Goélette Versailles, Diana by François Girardon

MUAS 11,451 Versailles, the Bosquet d'Apollon MUAS 11,489 Versailles, the ‘Colonnade’ MUAS 11,454 topiary designs for yews bordering the fountain of Latona, from an album at the Musée de Versailles Dams & Zega, Pleasure and , p 13 Versailles the South Parterre

Mitford, The Sun King, facing p 120 Versailles, the South Parterre Miles Lewis Versailles, the Miles Lewis garden plan from Dezallier D'Argenville, Théorie et la Pratique du Jardinage, 1709

Hunt & Willis, The Genius of the Place, p 126 three : (A) in the English manner; (B) of cutwork for flowers; (C) of orange trees A-J Dezallier D'Argenville, La Théorie et la Pratique du Jardinage (1709) Het Loo, Netherlands, garden by 1680 Roy Strong, Royal Gardens (London 1992), p 23 RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE ENGLANDENGLAND Wimbledon House, Surrey, possibly by John Thorpe, 1588 Girouard, Robert Smythson, pl 10 Pierrepoint House, Nottingham, garden of the 1680s, illustrated c 1705 Harris, Artist and Country House, p 114 New College, Oxford, with the Mount: early C17th engraving Fleming & Gore, The English Garden, pl 23 Wadham College, Oxford garden, with the Mount (illustration of 1675)

Ralph Dutton, The English Garden (London 1945), pl 21 the Garden at Wilton, Wiltshire, by Isaac de Caus: view in about 1640 Thacker, History of Gardens, pl 25 Stoke Park, Stoke Bruerne, showing the ornamental pool, c 1650

Rickett Encyclopedia of Slides, no 33670 THETHE FRENCHFRENCH CONNECTIONCONNECTION , view along the east garden axis MUAS 24,438 Hampton Court Palace, view by Leonard Knyff, c 1702 Strong, Royal Gardens, pp 26-7 Hampton Court Palace, Middlesex, garden by Daniel Marot, in Knyff & Kip's view, c 1690 Fleming & Gore, The English Garden, p 49 Hampton Court Palace, pool garden and William III Banqueting House Department of the Environment, no 6 frontispiece to Charles Evelyn, The Lady's Recreation (1717), detail

Hunt & Willis, The Genius of the Place, p 135 Chatsworth, Derbyshire, cascade, by Grillet, c 1699 Miles Lewis Chatsworth, the Cascade House, by Thomas Archer, 1702 Miles Lewis GARDENGARDEN BUILDINGSBUILDINGS && ASSOCIATIONISMASSOCIATIONISM Rotunda and Queen's Theatre, Stowe, Bucks, by Vanbrugh, c 1719-24

Christopher Hussey, English Gardens and Landscapes 1700-1750 (London 1967), pl 122 the Pyramid, Stowe, between c 1719 and 1724

Hussey, English Gardens and Landscapes, pl 121 Castle Howard Brian & Hilary Lewis Castle Howard: the fountain

Pitkin RH102LZ, TS418/6. Castle Howard, the Pyramid, by Vanbrugh and Hawksmoor, 1728 Downes, Hawksmoor, p 193 Castle Howard, the Gatehouse, by Vanbrugh, 1719 MUAS 8,487 design for the south entrance of Holkham, Norfolk, by William Kent, undated Rudolf Wittkower, 'Lord Burlington and William Kent', p 131 Castle Howard: the Mausoleum, by Hawksmoor, begun 1729 TS 417/2, Colourmaster International INFORMALITYINFORMALITY SHARAWADGI

Their greatest reach of Imagination is employed in contriving Figures, where the Beauty shall be great and strike the Eye, but without any order or disposition of parts, that shall be commonly or easily observ'd. And though we have hardly any Notion of this sort of Beauty, yet they have a particular word to express it; and when they find it hit their eye at first sight, they say the Sharawadgi is fine or admirable ...

William Temple, The Gardens of Epicurus, 1665 plan of Tusculum (the villa of Pliny the Elder) Robert Castell, Villas of the Ancients, 1728 Chinese artificial mountains and caverns Fischer von Erlach, Entwurfeiner Historischen Architektur THETHE BURLINGTONBURLINGTON CIRCLECIRCLE FREEDOM

... critic learning flourished most in France; The rules a nation, born to serve, obeys, And Boileau still in right of Horace sways, But we, brave Britons, foreign laws despise ..

Alexander Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1711 THE GENIUS OF THE PLACE

Consult the Genius of the Place in all; That tells the Waters or to rise or fall, Or helps th'ambitious Hill the heav'n to scale, Or scoops in circling theatres the vale, Calls in the Country, catches opening glades, Joins willing woods, and varies shades from shades, Now breaks or now directs, th'intending Lines; Paints as you plant, and, as you work, designs.

Alexander Pope Pope's Villa at Pevsner, Studies in Art, Architecture and Design, I, p 89 UNADORNED NATURE

There is certainly something in the amiable simplicity of unadorned nature, that spreads over the mind a more noble sort of tranquillity, and a loftier sensation of pleasure, than can be raised from the nicer scenes of art ... This was the taste of the ancients in their gardens, as we may discover from the descriptions extant of them.

Alexander Pope plan of Pope’s garden by Serle, 1744

MUAS 13,440 Pope's Villa plan of the grotto

Diana Balmori, 'Architecture, Landscape, and the Intermediate Structure: Eighteenth- Century Experiments in Mediation', Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, L, 1 (March 1991), p 46 Pope's grotto: sketch of the 1730s; modern view Hunt & Willis, The Genius of the Place, p 251; MUAS 12,442 design by William Kent for Pope's garden at Twickenham Margaret Jourdain, The Work of William Kent: Artist, Painter, Designer and Landscape Gardener (London 1948), fig 4