All the Names (Of the Known, Only a Name Remains; of the Unknown, Nothing)
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(Rhacophoridae, Pseudophilautus) in Sri Lanka
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 132 (2019) 14–24 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Diversification of shrub frogs (Rhacophoridae, Pseudophilautus) in Sri Lanka T – Timing and geographic context ⁎ Madhava Meegaskumburaa,b,1, , Gayani Senevirathnec,1, Kelum Manamendra-Arachchid, ⁎ Rohan Pethiyagodae, James Hankenf, Christopher J. Schneiderg, a College of Forestry, Guangxi Key Lab for Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China b Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka c Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA d Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka e Ichthyology Section, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia f Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA g Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Pseudophilautus comprises an endemic diversification predominantly associated with the wet tropical regions ofSri Ancestral-area reconstruction Lanka that provides an opportunity to examine the effects of geography and historical climate change on diversi- Biogeography fication. Using a time-calibrated multi-gene phylogeny, we analyze the tempo of diversification in thecontextof Ecological opportunity past climate and geography to identify historical drivers of current patterns of diversity and distribution. Molecular Diversification dating suggests that the diversification was seeded by migration across a land-bridge connection from India duringa Molecular dating period of climatic cooling and drying, the Oi-1 glacial maximum around the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Lineage- Speciation through-time plots suggest a gradual and constant rate of diversification, beginning in the Oligocene and extending through the late Miocene and early Pliocene with a slight burst in the Pleistocene. -
A Local Amphibian Hotspot in Sri Lanka ISSN Online 0974-7907 1 2 3 Print 0974-7893 L.J
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 13 March 2013 | 5(4): 3789–3920 Eight new species of Pseudophilautus (Amphibia: Anura: Monograph Rhacophoridae) from Sripada World Heritage Site (Peak Wilderness), a local amphibian hotspot in Sri Lanka ISSN Online 0974-7907 1 2 3 Print 0974-7893 L.J. Mendis Wickramasinghe , Dulan Ranga Vidanapathirana ,, M.D. Gehan Rajeev , 4 5 6 S. Chathuranga Ariyarathne , A.W. Amila Chanaka , L.L. Dharshana Priyantha , OPEN ACCESS Imesh Nuwan Bandara 7 & Nethu Wickramasinghe 8 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Herpetological Foundation of Sri Lanka, 31/5, Alwis Town, Hendala, Wattala, Sri Lanka 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected], 5 [email protected], 6 [email protected], 7 [email protected], 8 [email protected] Abstract: Eight new species of Pseudophilautus (Pseudophilautus bambaradeniyai, P. dayawansai, P. jagathgunawardanai, P. karunarathnai, P. newtonjayawardanei, P. puranappu, P. samarakoon, and P. sirilwijesundarai) were discovered as a result of a survey carried out to study the herpetofaunal diversity with the changes in elevation in the Sripada World Heritage Site (Peak Wilderness), Central Hills of Sri Lanka. Detailed descriptions of new species along with colour photographs and line drawings for each species are provided herein. The new species possess unique morphological characters and are well distinguishable from one another that could be easily identified in the field. The conservation status of all species described here, have been considered Critically Endangered, except forP. newtonjayawardanei, as all the new species are recorded from single locations, and their habitats are under severe threat. -
The Secret Life of Wild Brown Kiwi: Studying Behaviour of a Cryptic Species by Direct Observation
AvailableCunningham, on‑line Castro: at: http://www.newzealandecology.org/nzje/ Behaviour of wild brown kiwi 209 The secret life of wild brown kiwi: studying behaviour of a cryptic species by direct observation Susan J. Cunningham1, 2* and Isabel Castro1* 1Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University Private Bag 11‑222, Palmerston North, New Zealand 2Percy Fitzpatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa *Authors for correspondence (Email: [email protected] or [email protected]) Published on‑line: 21 March 2011 Abstract: Kiwi possess many unusual features that make them interesting subjects for behavioural study. However, their nocturnal, cryptic nature has meant that studies to date rely on data collected indirectly. Infrared technology has enabled us to observe kiwi directly and here we present the first study of wild brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) behaviour by direct observation. We used handheld infrared video cameras to obtain c. 6 hours of video footage of kiwi over 19 months. Kiwi used native forest and exotic pasture habitats while active at night and spent most of their time foraging (75%). Prey capture rates were significantly higher in pasture than forest. The remaining 25% of time was spent walking, vigilant, engaged in comfort behaviours, escaping disturbance, and investigating obstacles. Direct social and courtship interactions were observed rarely. The senses of hearing, olfaction and touch seemed most important to kiwi. Touch was used for investigating terrain and negotiating obstacles. Hearing was used in response to sounds made by observers, conspecifics and other sources. Olfactory search behaviours (OSBs) were used in the direction of these sounds, and olfaction was also apparently used to assess odours on the ground. -
To the Coded Parakeet Closed Bands
Aluminum Leg Bands Introduction PROMPT SERVICE. HIGH QUALITY ORDER 1985 BANDS to the Coded Parakeet Closed Bands. Regular Initial Type Bands, not coded, in choice of colors, open or closed. Psittacula Family Plastic Family Identification Bands for keets or canary, choice of colors. (Asian parakeets) .. Leg Band Cutters. Bird Claw Scissors. SEND SELF-ADDRESSED STAMPED ENVELOPE FOR COMPLETE PRICE LIST. by Fred & Lyrae Perry RED BIRD Corona, California PRODUCTS, INC. 2786 Fruitridge Road P.O. Box 20004 (Dept. A.F.A.) Sacramento, CA. 95820 The Psittacula family is commonly The courtship displays are all quite referred to as the Asian parakeets, and similar and are very interesting to comprise some of the most elegantly watch. Having a "headache" most of dressed birds of the psittacines. Their the year, the hens rule the roost, with range is throughout India, Southern the males showing goodsense andstay Asia, Indonesia, parts of Africa, and ing out of the way, for the hens are not c.L.O. nestling and conditioning Malaysia. They are forest dwellers as a to be trifled with and have on occasion food for budgies. canaries, finches. rule, but some do prefer the semi-open been known to kill. With the advent of CANARY FORTIFIER WITH EGG countryat theedges offorests. They are the breeding season, and consequent BUDGIE FORTIFIER WITH EGG known to eat various fruits, seeds, change in attitude on the part of the GREENSTUFF - dried greens legumes, berries, blossoms and "bugs" females, the males work up the courage BEFKIN - with insects UNIVERSAL FOOD - rich in fruits endemic to their areas. -
(GISD) 2021. Species Profile Rattus Rattus. Available From
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Rattus rattus Rattus rattus System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Mammalia Rodentia Muridae Common name Hausratte (German), European house rat (English), bush rat (English), blue rat (English), ship rat (English), roof rat (English), black rat (English) Synonym Mus rattus , Linnaeus, 1758 Mus alexandrinus , Geoffroy, 1803 Musculus frugivorus , Rafinesque, 1814 Mus novaezelandiae , Buller, 1870 Similar species Rattus norvegicus Summary A native of the Indian sub-continent, the ship rat (Rattus rattus) has now spread throughout the world. It is widespread in forest and woodlands as well as being able to live in and around buildings. It will feed on and damage almost any edible thing. The ship rat is most frequently identified with catastrophic declines of birds on islands. It is very agile and often frequents tree tops searching for food and nesting there in bunches of leaves and twigs. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description A slender rat with large hairless ears, the ship rat (Rattus rattus) may be grey-brown on the back with either a similarly coloured or creamish-white belly, or it may be black all over. The uniformly- coloured tail is always longer than the head and body length combined. Its body weight is usually between 120 and 160 g but it can exceed 200 g. The work of Yosida (1980) and his co-workers has shown that there are two forms of R. rattus that differ in chromosome number. The more widespread Oceanic form has 38 chromosomes and is the ship rat of Europe, the Mediterranean region, America, Australia and New Zealand. -
Eia Pma Garcia Moreno
“DISEÑO DE LA DESCARGA DE ALCANTARILLADO PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO Y OBTENCION DE LA RESPECTIVA LICENCIA AMBIENTAL SECTOR QUEBRADA GARCÍA MORENO PARROQUIA SAN MIGUELITO Y MARCOS ESPINEL” Consultor - Contratista: FERNANDO RODRIGO SÁNCHEZ SEGOVIA INGENIERO CIVIL, HIDRÁULICO - SANITARIO Responsable del Estudio Específico: JOHNNY FERNANDO JIMÉNEZ FLAMAÍN CONSULTOR AMBIENTAL (MAE-214-CI) Promotor: GOBIERNO AUTÓNOMO DESCENTRALIZAD DEL CANTÓN SANTIAGO DE PÍLLARO Dirigido a: MINISTERIO DE AMBIENTE DEL ECUADOR DIRECCIÓN PROVINCIAL TUNGURAHUA UBICACIÓN DEL PROYECTO: OBRA DE INGENIERÍA HIDRÁULICA Y SANITARIA, UBICADA EN EL SECTOR GARCÍA MORENO, PARROQUIA MARCOS ESPINEL, CANTÓN SANTIAGO DE PÍLLARO, PROVINCIA DE TUNGURAHUA. A TRAVÉS DE SU IMPLANTACIÓN, SE PREVÉ EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LAS CONDICIONES SANITARIAS EN LA ZONA DE INFLUENCIA DE ACTIVIDADES (ZIA) DEL PROYECTO HIDRO - SANITARIO. EL AGUA RESIDUAL TRATADA SERA DISPUESTA, A TRAVÉS DE UNA OBRA CIVIL DE DESCARGA, EN LA QUEBRADA GARCÍA MORENO. COORDENADAS DEL EMPLAZAMIENTO DE LAS UNIDADES DE DESCONTAMINACIÓN SON: (774617, 9869410, 2783) [m]; SEGÚN EL SISTEMA DE PROYECCIÓN WGS_1984_17 CUADRANTE SUR. AGOSTO – 2014 (ÚLTIMA ACTUALIZACIÓN) RESPONSABLES PROMOTOR: GOBIERNO AUTÓNOMO DESCENTRALIZADO DEL CANTÓN SANTIAGO DE PÍLLARO Dr. Patricio Sarabia – ALCALDE CONSULTOR - CONTRATISTA: Fernando Rodrigo Sánchez Segovia INGENIERO CIVIL / HIDRÁULICO-SANITARIO RESPONSABLE DEL ESTUDIO ESPECÍFICO: Johnny Fernando Jiménez Flamaín INGENIERO CIVIL (LP: 18-894), ESPECIALIDAD HIDRÁULICA SANITARIA SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA (GIS) GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL SEGURIDAD, CALIDAD Y AMBIENTE CONSULTOR AMBIENTAL (MAE-214-CI) PERSONAL DE APOYO: Cristian Marcelo Pavón Saguay INGENIERO AMBIENTAL Rubén Darío Ledesma Acosta INGENIERO AMBIENTAL Víctor Ricardo Jurado Jácome ECONOMISTA CONTACTO: Av. Rodrigo Pachano y Montalvo. Edificio Plaza Ficoa. Oficina 306 Teléfonos: 032824057 – 0997415920 [email protected] [email protected] www.cegea.org Píllaro – Ecuador. -
Ostrich Production Systems Part I: a Review
11111111111,- 1SSN 0254-6019 Ostrich production systems Food and Agriculture Organization of 111160mmi the United Natiorp str. ro ucti s ct1rns Part A review by Dr M.M. ,,hanawany International Consultant Part II Case studies by Dr John Dingle FAO Visiting Scientist Food and , Agriculture Organization of the ' United , Nations Ot,i1 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-21 ISBN 92-5-104300-0 Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale dells Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. C) FAO 1999 Contents PART I - PRODUCTION SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE OSTRICH 5 Classification of the ostrich in the animal kingdom 5 Geographical distribution of ratites 8 Ostrich subspecies 10 The North -
The Relationships of the Starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnini) and the Mockingbirds (Sturnidae: Mimini)
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE STARLINGS (STURNIDAE: STURNINI) AND THE MOCKINGBIRDS (STURNIDAE: MIMINI) CHARLESG. SIBLEYAND JON E. AHLQUIST Departmentof Biologyand PeabodyMuseum of Natural History,Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 USA ABSTRACT.--OldWorld starlingshave been thought to be related to crowsand their allies, to weaverbirds, or to New World troupials. New World mockingbirdsand thrashershave usually been placed near the thrushesand/or wrens. DNA-DNA hybridization data indi- cated that starlingsand mockingbirdsare more closelyrelated to each other than either is to any other living taxon. Some avian systematistsdoubted this conclusion.Therefore, a more extensiveDNA hybridizationstudy was conducted,and a successfulsearch was made for other evidence of the relationshipbetween starlingsand mockingbirds.The resultssup- port our original conclusionthat the two groupsdiverged from a commonancestor in the late Oligoceneor early Miocene, about 23-28 million yearsago, and that their relationship may be expressedin our passerineclassification, based on DNA comparisons,by placing them as sistertribes in the Family Sturnidae,Superfamily Turdoidea, Parvorder Muscicapae, Suborder Passeres.Their next nearest relatives are the members of the Turdidae, including the typical thrushes,erithacine chats,and muscicapineflycatchers. Received 15 March 1983, acceptedI November1983. STARLINGS are confined to the Old World, dine thrushesinclude Turdus,Catharus, Hylocich- mockingbirdsand thrashersto the New World. la, Zootheraand Myadestes.d) Cinclusis -
The Development and Investigation of an Audio Lure for Improved Possum (Trichosurus Vulpecula) Monitoring and Control in New Zealand
Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. The Possum Pied Piper: the development and investigation of an audio lure for improved possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) monitoring and control in New Zealand A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Matthew J. Kavermann Lincoln University 2013 ii iii Declaration Some aspects of this thesis have been published or accepted for publication (copies of the published and submitted papers are attached at the back of the thesis) or presented at conferences. Publications Kavermann M, Ross J, Paterson A, Eason, C. (in press) Progressing the possum pied piper project. Proceedings of the 25th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Monterey Ca 2012. Dilks P, Shapiro L, Greene T, Kavermann M, Eason CT, Murphy EC (2011). Field evaluation of para- aminopropiophenone (PAPP) for controlling stoats (Mustela erminea) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 38(2): 143-150 Conference presentations Kavermann M, Ross J, Paterson A, Harper, G. 2012 Assessing the sensitivity of interference based monitoring devices to possum presence. -
According to Dictionary
Extinction: The Parrots We’ve Lost By Desi Milpacher The definition of extinction is “the act or process of becoming extinct; a coming to an end or dying out: the extinction of a species.” Once extinction has been determined, there is usually no chance of a species recurring in a given ecosystem. In mankind’s active history of exploration, exploitation and settlement of new worlds, there has been much loss of natural resources. Parrots have suffered tremendously in this, with over twenty species having been permanently lost. And there are many more that are teetering on the edge, towards the interminable abyss. In this article we find out what happened to these lost treasures, learn which ones are currently being lost, and why this is important to our world. The Old and New Worlds and Their Lost Parrots Little is known of the natural history of most of the world’s extinct parrots, mainly because they disappeared before in-depth studies were conducted on them. It is generally believed, save the Central American macaws which were least known, that most fed on diets similar to today’s parrots (leaves, blossoms, seeds, nuts and fruits), frequented heavy forested areas and nested mainly in tree cavities. A number could not fly well, or were exceptionally tame, leading to their easy capture. Nearly all of these natural treasures vanished between the 18th and early 20th centuries, and the main reason for their loss was overhunting. Some lesser causes included egg collecting (popular with naturalists in the 19th century), diseases (introduced or endemic), drought, natural disasters, predation by introduced species, and habitat alternation. -
Endangered and Threatened Species
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 315 NR27 Chapter NR 27 ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES NR 27.01 Definitions NR 27 .05 Permits for endangered and NR 27.02 Scope end applicability threatened species NR 27.03 Department list NR 27 .06 Exceptions to permit require NR 27.04 Revision of Wisconsin endan ments gered and threatened species NR 27.07 Severability lists Note: Chapter NR 27 es it existed on September 30, 1979 was repealed and a new chapter NR 27 was created effective October 1, 1979. NR 27.01 Definitions. As used in this chapter: (1) "Department" means the Wisconsin department of natural re sources. (2) "Department list" means the U.S. list of endangered and threatened foreign and native species, and the Wisconsin list of endan gered and threatened species. (3) "ENS" means the Office of Endangered and Nongame Species, Department of Natural Resources, Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707. (4) "Take" means shooting, shooting at, pursuing, hunting, catching or killing any wild animal; or the cutting, rooting up, severing, injuring, destroying, removing, or carrying away any wild plant. Hlotory: Cr. Register, September, 1979, No. 285, eff. 10-1-79. NR 27.02 Scope and applicability. This chapter contains rules nec essary to implement s. 29.415, Stats., and operate in conjunction with that statute to govern the taking, transportation, possession, processing or sale of any wild animal or wild plant specified by the department's lists of endangered and threatened wild animals and wild plants. Hlotory: Cr. Register, September, 1979, No. 285, eff. 10-1-79. NR 27.03 Department list. -
A Synopsis of the Pre-Human Avifauna of the Mascarene Islands
– 195 – Paleornithological Research 2013 Proceed. 8th Inter nat. Meeting Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution Ursula B. Göhlich & Andreas Kroh (Eds) A synopsis of the pre-human avifauna of the Mascarene Islands JULIAN P. HUME Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, UK Abstract — The isolated Mascarene Islands of Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues are situated in the south- western Indian Ocean. All are volcanic in origin and have never been connected to each other or any other land mass. Despite their comparatively close proximity to each other, each island differs topographically and the islands have generally distinct avifaunas. The Mascarenes remained pristine until recently, resulting in some documentation of their ecology being made before they rapidly suffered severe degradation by humans. The first major fossil discoveries were made in 1865 on Mauritius and on Rodrigues and in the late 20th century on Réunion. However, for both Mauritius and Rodrigues, the documented fossil record initially was biased toward larger, non-passerine bird species, especially the dodo Raphus cucullatus and solitaire Pezophaps solitaria. This paper provides a synopsis of the fossil Mascarene avifauna, which demonstrates that it was more diverse than previously realised. Therefore, as the islands have suffered severe anthropogenic changes and the fossil record is far from complete, any conclusions based on present avian biogeography must be viewed with caution. Key words: Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, ecological history, biogeography, extinction Introduction ily described or illustrated in ships’ logs and journals, which became the source material for The Mascarene Islands of Mauritius, Réunion popular articles and books and, along with col- and Rodrigues are situated in the south-western lected specimens, enabled monographs such as Indian Ocean (Fig.