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What Is in Outer Space?

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What Is in Outer Space? Lesson 1 Earth and Sun Lesson 2 Earth and Moon Lesson 3 The Solar System Lesson 4 Stars and the Universe What is in outer space? Chapter 8 Menu gravity orbit inertia revolution rotation Lesson 1 Splash What is gravity? Gravity is a force of attraction, or pull, between any two objects Lesson 1 a What causes seasons? N spring begins S summer begins N winter begins N Sun S S autumn begins N S Lesson 1 b What causes day and night? Earth rotates from west to east. dark side (night) sunlight sunrise light side (day) axis Lesson 1 c Main Idea What factors affect the strength of the pull of gravity between two objects? The strength of the pull of gravity is affected by the total mass of the two objects and by the distances between the objects. Lesson 1 Main Idea Review Vocabulary __________Gravity is a force of attraction, or pull, between any two objects. A __________ is one complete trip around the Sun. An __________ is a path one object takes around another object. A __________ is a complete spin on an axis. __________Inertia is the tendency of a moving object to keep moving in a straight line. gravity orbit inertia revolution rotation Lesson 1 Vocab Review Fact or Earth’s day is 24 hours long, Opinion is this a fact or an opinion? Earth’s day Earth’s day is 24 hours is too long. long. End of Lesson Lesson 1 GO Review Lesson 1 Vocab a orbit (ôr΄bit) The path one object travels around another object. (p. 423) Lesson 1 Vocab b Lesson 1 Vocab c Lesson 1 Vocab d Lesson 1 Vocab e phase solar eclipse lunar eclipse tide Lesson 2 Splash How does the Moon appear? first quarter as seen from space waxing gibbous waxing crescent Each arrow represents 3.6 days. full new waning gibbous waning crescent first quarter last quarter waxing gibbous waxing crescent full new as seen from Earth Each arrow represents waning gibbous waning crescent 3.6 days. last quarter Lesson 2 a What causes eclipses? pe numbra Moon Sun umbra pe numbra Sun Moon umbra Lesson 2 b What causes the tides? first-quarter Moon neap tide full Moon spring spring tide tide new Moon neap tide last-quarter Moon Lesson 2 c Main Idea What makes Earth’s Moon a natural satellite? Earth’s Moon is a natural object that revolves around another object, Earth, in space. Lesson 2 Main Idea Review Vocabulary A ____________ occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth. A pull that causes the rise and fall of the ocean’s surface is called a ____________. A ____________ occurs when the Moon moves into Earth’s shadow and is no longer reached by direct sunlight. This happens when Earth is between the Sun and the Moon. A ____________ is the appearance and shape of the Moon as you see it at a particular time. phase solar eclipse lunar eclipse tide Lesson 2 Vocab Review Draw the phases of the Moon Sequence beginning with the new Moon. new Moon, waxing crescent, first quarter waxing gibbous, full Moon waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent End of Lesson Lesson 2 GO Review Lesson 2 Vocab a solar eclipse (sō΄lәr i·klips΄) A blocking of the Sun’s light that happens when Earth passes through the Moon’s shadow. (p. 434) Lesson 2 Vocab b Lesson 2 Vocab c Lesson 2 Vocab d telescope planet moon satellite comet asteroid meteor Lesson 3 Splash How do we observe objects in space? Optical Telescope Hubble Space Telescope Lesson 3 a What are planets? Venus Sun Mercury Mars Earth A planet Jupiter is a large Uranus object asteroid belt that orbits a star. Saturn Neptune Lesson 3 b How do the planets compare? Venus’s Surface Jupiter’s Great Red Spot Saturn’s Rings Mars’s Rocks Lesson 3 c How do the moons compare? Ganymede (Jupiter) Moon Phobos (Earth) Deimos (Mars) (Mars) SCALE SCALE 1 CM 1 CM 10 km 1,000 km Mimas Hyperion Miranda (Saturn) (Saturn) (Uranus) SCALE 1 CM 100 km Lesson 3 d What are asteroids, comets, and meteors? A comet is a mixture of frozen gases, ice, dust, and rock that moves in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. Other small objects in space are called meteoroids, but are An asteroid is a called meteors rock that when they enter revolves around Earth’s atmosphere. the Sun. Lesson 3 e How do we explore the solar system? Lesson 3 f Main Idea What are planets? Planets are large objects that orbit a star but do not give off light. Lesson 3 Main Idea Review Vocabulary A __________ is an object that crosses paths with Earth and enters Earth’s atmosphere A __________ is a natural object that orbits a planet. A __________ is an object in space that circles around another object. An __________ is a rock that revolves around the Sun. moon satellite asteroid meteor Lesson 3 Vocab Review a Vocabulary A __________ is a mixture of frozen gases, ice, dust, and rock that moves in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. A __________ is a large object that orbits a star. A __________ is an instrument that makes distant objects seem larger and nearer. telescope planet comet Lesson 3 Vocab Review b If you knew that probes that traveled to Venus were crushed after a few hours, Infer what could you infer about atmospheric pressure on Venus? Probes Venus has crushed on high Venus. atmospheric pressure. End of Lesson Lesson GO Review Lesson 3 Vocab a Lesson 3 Vocab b Lesson 3 Vocab c satellite (sat΄ә·līt) A natural or artificial object in space that circles around another object. (p. 488) Lesson 3 Vocab d Lesson 3 Vocab e Lesson 3 Vocab f meteor (mē΄tē·әr) A chunk of rock from space that travels through Earth’s atmosphere. (p. 451) Lesson 3 Vocab g star nebula white dwarf supernova black hole constellation light-year galaxy Lesson 4 Splash How do stars form? Stages of a Medium-Sized Star 3 star 5 white dwarf 2 protostar 1 nebula 4 red giant Lesson 4 a What happens to larger stars? Spica Betelgeuse Sun red yellow Aldebaren 3,000°C 6,000°C blue red-orange Altair 35,000°C 5,000°C white 10,000°C The core of some stars produces too much energy and the star explodes. The exploding star is called a supernova. Lesson 4 b What are constellations? Constellations are patterns of stars in the night sky. Lesson 4 c What are star systems? Messier 81 NGC 1300 spiral galaxy barred spiral galaxy M32 ESO 510-G13 ovoid elliptical galaxy disc-shaped elliptical galaxy NGC 1427A NGC 7673 irregular galaxy irregular galaxy Lesson 4 d How did the universe form? The big bang theory states that all of the matter and energy in the universe exploded outward from a single point. Lesson 4 e Main Idea How are stars organized? Stars are organized into galaxies, globular clusters, and star systems. Lesson 4 Main Idea Review Vocabulary A ___________ is a small and very dense star that shines with a cooler white light. A ___________ is a huge cloud of gases and dust. A ___________ is a pattern of stars. A ___________ is an exploding star that shines brightly for days or weeks and then fades away. nebula white dwarf supernova constellation Lesson 4 Vocab Review a Vocabulary A ___________ is an object that is so dense and has such powerful gravity that nothing can escape from it, not even light. A ___________ is the distance that light travels in a year, or about 9.5 billion kilometers. A __________is an object that produces its own energy, including heat and light. A ____________ is a huge, hazy patch of very distant stars. star black hole light-year galaxy Lesson 4 Vocab Review b Determine the stage of a star’s Problem cycle. and Solution What could Find out the composition of a you test to star. determine the stage of a star’s cycle? young: made mostly of hydrogen; middle-aged: made mostly of helium; old: contains carbon or heavier elements. End of Lesson Lesson 4 GO Review Lesson 4 Vocab a nebula (neb΄ye·lә) A huge cloud of gas and dust in space that is the first stage of star formation. (p. 458) Lesson 4 Vocab b white dwarf (hwīt dwôrf) A star that can no longer turn helium into carbon; it cools and shrinks, becoming very small and dense. (p. 459) Lesson 4 Vocab c Lesson 4 Vocab d Lesson 4 Vocab e constellation (kon΄stә·lā΄shәn) Any of the patterns formed by groups of stars in the night sky. To people in the past, these patterns looked like pictures of animals or people. (p. 462) Lesson 4 Vocab f Lesson 4 Vocab g Lesson 4 Vocab h .
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