Lesson 1 Earth and Sun
Lesson 2 Earth and Moon
Lesson 3 The Solar System
Lesson 4 Stars and the Universe
What is in outer space?
Chapter 8 Menu gravity orbit inertia revolution rotation
Lesson 1 Splash What is gravity?
Gravity is a force of attraction, or pull, between any two objects
Lesson 1 a What causes seasons?
N
spring begins S
summer begins N winter begins N Sun
S S
autumn begins N
S
Lesson 1 b What causes day and night?
Earth rotates from west to east.
dark side (night)
sunlight sunrise
light side (day)
axis
Lesson 1 c Main Idea
What factors affect the strength of the pull of gravity between two objects?
The strength of the pull of gravity is affected by the total mass of the two objects and by the distances between the objects.
Lesson 1 Main Idea Review Vocabulary
______Gravity is a force of attraction, or pull, between any two objects.
A ______is one complete trip around the Sun.
An ______is a path one object takes around another object.
A ______is a complete spin on an axis.
______Inertia is the tendency of a moving object to keep moving in a straight line. gravity orbit inertia revolution rotation
Lesson 1 Vocab Review Fact or Earth’s day is 24 hours long, Opinion is this a fact or an opinion?
Earth’s day Earth’s day is 24 hours is too long. long.
End of Lesson
Lesson 1 GO Review Lesson 1 Vocab a orbit (ôr΄bit) The path one object travels around another object. (p. 423)
Lesson 1 Vocab b Lesson 1 Vocab c Lesson 1 Vocab d Lesson 1 Vocab e phase solar eclipse lunar eclipse tide
Lesson 2 Splash How does the Moon appear?
first quarter as seen from space waxing gibbous waxing crescent Each arrow represents 3.6 days.
full new
waning gibbous waning crescent first quarter last quarter waxing gibbous waxing crescent
full new
as seen from Earth
Each arrow represents waning gibbous waning crescent 3.6 days. last quarter
Lesson 2 a What causes eclipses?
pe numbra
Moon
Sun
umbra
pe numbra
Sun Moon
umbra
Lesson 2 b What causes the tides? first-quarter Moon
neap tide
full Moon spring spring tide tide
new Moon
neap tide
last-quarter Moon
Lesson 2 c Main Idea
What makes Earth’s Moon a natural satellite? Earth’s Moon is a natural object that revolves around another object, Earth, in space.
Lesson 2 Main Idea Review Vocabulary A ______occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth. A pull that causes the rise and fall of the ocean’s surface is called a ______. A ______occurs when the Moon moves into Earth’s shadow and is no longer reached by direct sunlight. This happens when Earth is between the Sun and the Moon. A ______is the appearance and shape of the Moon as you see it at a particular time. phase solar eclipse lunar eclipse tide
Lesson 2 Vocab Review Draw the phases of the Moon Sequence beginning with the new Moon.
new Moon, waxing crescent, first quarter
waxing gibbous, full Moon
waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent End of Lesson
Lesson 2 GO Review Lesson 2 Vocab a solar eclipse (sō΄lәr i·klips΄) A blocking of the Sun’s light that happens when Earth passes through the Moon’s shadow. (p. 434)
Lesson 2 Vocab b Lesson 2 Vocab c Lesson 2 Vocab d telescope planet moon satellite comet asteroid meteor
Lesson 3 Splash How do we observe objects in space?
Optical Telescope
Hubble Space Telescope
Lesson 3 a What are planets? Venus Sun
Mercury Mars Earth A planet Jupiter is a large Uranus
object asteroid belt that orbits a star.
Saturn Neptune
Lesson 3 b How do the planets compare?
Venus’s Surface Jupiter’s Great Red Spot
Saturn’s Rings Mars’s Rocks
Lesson 3 c How do the moons compare? Ganymede (Jupiter) Moon Phobos (Earth) Deimos (Mars) (Mars)
SCALE SCALE 1 CM 1 CM 10 km 1,000 km
Mimas Hyperion Miranda (Saturn) (Saturn) (Uranus)
SCALE 1 CM
100 km
Lesson 3 d What are asteroids, comets, and meteors? A comet is a mixture of frozen gases, ice, dust, and rock that moves in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. Other small objects in space are called meteoroids, but are An asteroid is a called meteors rock that when they enter revolves around Earth’s atmosphere. the Sun.
Lesson 3 e How do we explore the solar system?
Lesson 3 f Main Idea
What are planets?
Planets are large objects that orbit a star but do not give off light.
Lesson 3 Main Idea Review Vocabulary A ______is an object that crosses paths with Earth and enters Earth’s atmosphere A ______is a natural object that orbits a planet. A ______is an object in space that circles around another object. An ______is a rock that revolves around the Sun. moon satellite asteroid meteor
Lesson 3 Vocab Review a Vocabulary
A ______is a mixture of frozen gases, ice, dust, and rock that moves in an elliptical orbit around the Sun.
A ______is a large object that orbits a star.
A ______is an instrument that makes distant objects seem larger and nearer.
telescope planet comet
Lesson 3 Vocab Review b If you knew that probes that traveled to Venus were crushed after a few hours, Infer what could you infer about atmospheric pressure on Venus?
Probes Venus has crushed on high Venus. atmospheric pressure.
End of Lesson
Lesson GO Review Lesson 3 Vocab a Lesson 3 Vocab b Lesson 3 Vocab c satellite (sat΄ә·līt) A natural or artificial object in space that circles around another object. (p. 488)
Lesson 3 Vocab d Lesson 3 Vocab e Lesson 3 Vocab f meteor (mē΄tē·әr) A chunk of rock from space that travels through Earth’s atmosphere. (p. 451)
Lesson 3 Vocab g star nebula white dwarf supernova black hole constellation light-year galaxy
Lesson 4 Splash How do stars form?
Stages of a Medium-Sized Star
3 star 5 white dwarf 2 protostar 1 nebula 4 red giant
Lesson 4 a What happens to larger stars?
Spica Betelgeuse Sun
red yellow Aldebaren 3,000°C 6,000°C
blue red-orange Altair 35,000°C 5,000°C
white 10,000°C
The core of some stars produces too much energy and the star explodes. The exploding star is called a supernova.
Lesson 4 b What are constellations?
Constellations are patterns of stars in the night sky.
Lesson 4 c What are star systems?
Messier 81 NGC 1300 spiral galaxy barred spiral galaxy
M32 ESO 510-G13 ovoid elliptical galaxy disc-shaped elliptical galaxy
NGC 1427A NGC 7673 irregular galaxy irregular galaxy
Lesson 4 d How did the universe form?
The big bang theory states that all of the matter and energy in the universe exploded outward from a single point.
Lesson 4 e Main Idea
How are stars organized?
Stars are organized into galaxies, globular clusters, and star systems.
Lesson 4 Main Idea Review Vocabulary
A ______is a small and very dense star that shines with a cooler white light.
A ______is a huge cloud of gases and dust.
A ______is a pattern of stars.
A ______is an exploding star that shines brightly for days or weeks and then fades away. nebula white dwarf supernova constellation
Lesson 4 Vocab Review a Vocabulary A ______is an object that is so dense and has such powerful gravity that nothing can escape from it, not even light. A ______is the distance that light travels in a year, or about 9.5 billion kilometers. A ______is an object that produces its own energy, including heat and light. A ______is a huge, hazy patch of very distant stars. star black hole light-year galaxy
Lesson 4 Vocab Review b Determine the stage of a star’s Problem cycle. and Solution
What could Find out the composition of a you test to star. determine the stage of a star’s cycle? young: made mostly of hydrogen; middle-aged: made mostly of helium; old: contains carbon or heavier elements. End of Lesson
Lesson 4 GO Review Lesson 4 Vocab a nebula (neb΄ye·lә) A huge cloud of gas and dust in space that is the first stage of star formation. (p. 458)
Lesson 4 Vocab b white dwarf (hwīt dwôrf) A star that can no longer turn helium into carbon; it cools and shrinks, becoming very small and dense. (p. 459)
Lesson 4 Vocab c Lesson 4 Vocab d Lesson 4 Vocab e constellation (kon΄stә·lā΄shәn) Any of the patterns formed by groups of stars in the night sky. To people in the past, these patterns looked like pictures of animals or people. (p. 462)
Lesson 4 Vocab f Lesson 4 Vocab g Lesson 4 Vocab h