GENERAL Budo Martial Way Bunkai Kata Applications Chudan Middle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

GENERAL Budo Martial way Bunkai Kata applications Chudan Middle area Dan Rank Do Way/path Dojo Place of the Way Gedan Lower area Gi Uniform Hai Yes Hajime Begin Hidari Left Iie No Jodan Upper area Kamae Sparring posture Karate Empty hand Karateka Empty hand student Kata Form Ki Energy Kiai Spirit Yell Kihon Basic Kime Focus Kumite Sparring Kyetsuke Attention Kyu Grade Ma-ai Distancing Mae Front Makiwara Punching board Mawate-te Turn around Migi Right Mo Ichi Do One More Time Mokuso Quiet meditation Mushin No Mind Obi Belt Rei Bow Seiza Kneeling position Sempai Senior student Sensei Instructor Shihan Master Shomen Front Soke Grand Master Tai sabaki Body movement Waza Technique Yame Stop Yoi Ready Zanshin Remaining Mind BLOCKS Age uke Rising Block Chudan uke Middle area block Gedan barai Downward sweeping block Gedan uke Lower area block Haishu uke Back-hand block Jodan uke Upper area block Juji-uke X-block Kakiwake Uke Reverse wedge block Morote uke Augmented block Nagashi uke Sweeping block Nami ashi uke Inside foot snapping block Osae 0uke Pressing block Shuto uke Knife hand block Shotei uke Palm heel block Soto uke Outside inside block Sukui Uke Scooping block Tettsui uke Hammer fist block Uchi uke Inside outside block Ude uke Forearm block Fudo-dachi) Rooted stance Hachiji-dachi Open leg stance Hangetsu-dachi): Half-moon stance Heiko-dachi Parallel stance Kiba-dachi Horse stance Kokutsu-dachi Back stance Kosa-dachi Crossed legged stance Neko-ashi-dachi Cat stance Sanchin-dachi Hour-glass stance Zenkutsu-dachi (zen-koo-tsue dah-chee): Front stance Heisoku dachi feet together stance Musubi dachi heels together stance Shiko dachi sumo stance Tsuri-ashi-dachi Crane stance Seiza kneeling position Sanchin dachi hourglass stance Kake dachi hook stance Empi-uchi Elbow strike Haishu-uchi Back hand strike Haito-uchi Ridge-hand strike Nukite Spear hand tettsui-uchi Hammer fist strike Shuto-uchi Knife hand strike shotei-uchi Palm heel strike Uraken-uchi Back fist strike Empi uchi elbow strike Kokken uchi wrist strike Age-tsuki Rising punch Gyaku-tsuki Reverse punch Oi-TSuki Lunge punch Tate-zuki Vertical punch Gyaku Tsuki Reverse Punch Oi Tsuki Lunge punch Ren Tsuki Alternating punch Dan Tsuki Consecutive punch Morote Tsuki Double fist punch Yama Tsuki “U” punch Mawashi Tsuki Roundhouse punch Choku Tsuki Straight punch Kagi tsuki hook punch Honken tsuki – vertical fist punch Gekken tsuki – inverted fist punch Ryutoken tsuki- dragon head punch Fumikomi Stamping kick Keage Snap kick Kekomi Thrust kick Mae-geri Front kick tobi- Jumping kick Mawashi-geri round kick Ushiro-geri Back kick Yoko-geri Side kick Kin Geri Groin kick Mawashi Kubi Geri Top of foot roundhouse kick Kakato Geri Heel kick Hiza Geri Knee kick Mikazuki Geri Crescent kick .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

World Karate Federation
World Karate Federation Kata Competition Examination questions for Kata Judges Version January 2019 The answer paper is to be returned to the examiners. All answers are to be entered on the separate answer paper only. You must make sure that your name, country, number and any other information required are entered on the answer paper. You may not have any additional papers or books on your desk while undertaking this examination. During the examination to be seen speaking to another candidate or copying another’s paper will mean suspension and automatic failure of the examination. If you are not sure of the correct procedures or have any questions about any aspect of the examination you should speak only to an examiner. The result of the examination both theory and practical will be sent to the candidate’s National Federation. January 2019 Kata Examination Paper. Version January 2019 1 / 6 World Karate Federation KATA EXAMINATION “TRUE OR FALSE” On the answer paper put an “X” in the appropriate box. The answer to a question is true only if it can be held to be true in all situations; otherwise it is considered to be false. Each correct answer scores one point. 1. Competitors must wear a plain blue or red belt corresponding to their pool. 2. The total time allowed for the Kata and Bunkai demonstration combined, is six minutes. 3. In Kata competition slight variations as taught by the contestant's style (Ryu-ha) are permitted. 4. Glasses are forbidden in kata completion. 5. The number of Competitors will determine the number of groups to facilitate the elimination rounds.
[Show full text]
April 2007 Newsletter
December 2018 Newsletter Goju-Ryu Karate-Do Kyokai www.goju.com ________________________________________________________ Obituary: Zachary T. Shepherdson-Barrington Zachary T. Shepherdson-Barrington 25, of Springfield, passed away at 1:22 p.m. on Tuesday, November 27, 2018 at Memorial Medical Center. Zachary was born October 12, 1993 in Springfield, the son of Kim D. Barrington and Rebecca E. Shepherdson. Zachary attended Lincoln Land Community College. He was a former member of The Springfield Goju-Ryu Karate Club where he earned a brown belt in karate. He worked for Target and had worked in retail for several years. He also worked as a driver for Uber. He enjoyed game night with his friends and working on the computer. He was preceded in death by his paternal grandparents, James and Fern Gilbert; maternal grandparents, Carol J. Karlovsky and Harold T. Shepherdson; seven uncles, including Mark Shepherdson; and aunt, Carolyn Norbutt. He is survived by his father Kim D. Barrington (wife, Patricia M. Ballweg); mother, Rebecca E. Shepherdson of Springfield; half-brother, Derek Embree of Girard; and several aunts, uncles, and cousins. Cremation will be accorded by Butler Cremation Tribute Center prior to ceremonies . Memorial Gathering: Family will receive friends from 10:00 to 10:45 a.m. on Tuesday, December 4, 2018 at First Church of the Nazarene, 5200 S. 6th St., Springfield. Memorial Ceremony: 11:00 a.m. on Tuesday, December 4, 2018 at First Church of the Nazarene, with Pastor Fred Prince and Pastor Jay Bush officiating. Memorial contributions may be made to the American Cancer Society, 675 E. Linton, Springfield, IL 62703.
[Show full text]
Tenzan Aikido Test Requirements
Tenzan Aikido Test Requirements 7th Kyu (25 hours) Katate dori (ai-hanmi) Ikkyo*- hand to elbow, Wrist grab right-to-right/left-to-left Iriminage 2 - hold collar Katate dori (gyaku hanmi) Irimi and Tenkan with partner, Wrist grab right-to-left Ikkyo*, Kotegaeshi, Shihonage*, Kokynage (forward ukemi) Kokyudosa 6th Kyu (30 hours) Tsuki (punch) Kotegaeshi, Iriminage (Var. 1) Katate dori (ai-hanmi) Sankyo* Pin 3 no hand change, Jujinage Shomenuchi Ikkyo*, Iriminage (Var. 2) Self-defense technique against boxers attack Iriminage – use fade Morote dori (right-to-left stance) Kokyuho *omote and ura Your Family Martial Arts Center 7700 Aurora Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98103 tel: 206-525-4032 fax: 206-525-4838 www.TenzanAikido.com Tenzan Aikido Test Requirements 5th Kyu (50 hours) Katate dori (ai hanmi) Kotegaeshi, Nikyo (scooping method), Shihonage, Sankyo* (pin # 3) direct method Katate dori (gyaku hanmi) Iriminage, Nikyo (ura only), Jujinage Shomenuchi Kotegaeshi Tsuki Nikyo (ura only) Morote dori (right-left stance) Kokyunage (into a forward roll) Ryote dori Tenchinage (heaven and earth throw) Self-defense: Uke in sparring stance Irimi w/palm to double leg takedown Your Family Martial Arts Center 7700 Aurora Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98103 206-525-4032 www.TenzanAikido.com Tenzan Aikido Test Requirements 4 Kyu (50 hours) Katate dori (gyaku hanmi) Kaitenage** grab wrist & neck, Kokyu nage (spirals, 2 variations) Shomenuchi Nikyo*, Shihonage (omote only), Kaitenage, Suwariwaza Ikkyo*, Nikyo*, Iiriminage 2 Yokomenuchi Shihonage*, Nikyo*, Kotegaeshi, Iriminage 2 Tsuki Kaitenage, Shihonage*, Hijishime ( elbow bar ) Self-defense Standing headlock Sankyo Weapons Boken: Uchikomi, kirikaeshi and Kiriotoshi with partner Jo: Kesa uchi aginst kesa uchi (no step + one step var) Tsuki/makiotoshi continuous partner practice *omote and ura, **soto and uchi, ***kinonagare Your Family Martial Arts Center 7700 Aurora Ave.
[Show full text]
JUDO Under the Authority of the Bakersfield Judo Club
JUDO Under the Authority of the Bakersfield Judo Club Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 6:30 -8:00 PM Location: CSUB Wrestling Room Instructors: Michael Flachmann (4th Dan) Phone: 661-654-2121 Steve Walsh (1st Dan) Guest Instructors: Dale Kinoshita (5th Dan) Phone: (work) 834-7570 (home) 837-0152 Brett Sakamoto (4th Dan) Gustavo Sanchez (1st Dan) The Bakersfield Judo Club rd meets twice a week on 23 St / Hwy 178 Mondays and Thursdays from 7:00 to 9:00 PM. JUDO Club They practice under the 2207 ‘N’ Authority of Kinya th 22nd St Sakamoto, Rokudan (6 Degree Black Belt), at 2207 N St. ’ St Q ‘N’ St ‘ Chester Ave Truxtun Ave Etiquette: Salutations: Pronunciation: Ritsurei Standing Bow a = ah (baa) Zarei Sitting Bow e = eh (kettle) Seiza Sitting on Knees i = e (key) o = oh (hole) When to Bow: u = oo (cool) Upon entering or exiting the dojo. Upon entering or exiting the tatami. Definitions: Before class begins and after class ends. Judo “The Gentle Way” Before and after working with a partner. Judoka Judo Practitioner Sensei Instructor Where to sit: Dojo Practice Hall Kamiza (Upper Seat) for senseis. Kiotsuke ATTENTION! Shimoza (Lower Seat) for students. Rei Command to Bow Joseki – Right side of Shimoza Randori Free practice Shimoseki – Left side of Shimoza Uchi Komi “Fitting in” or “turning in” practice Judo Gi: Students must learn the proper Tatami Judo mat way to war the gi and obi. Students should Kiai Yell also wear zoris when not on the mat. Hajime Begin Matte STOP! Kata Fromal Exercises Tori Person practicing Students must have technique Uke Person being their own personal practiced on health and injury O Big or Major insurance.
[Show full text]
WPB Judo Academy Parents and Judoka Handbook
WPB Judo Academy 2008 Parents and Judoka Handbook Nage-Waza - Throwing Techniques O-soto-otoshi O-soto-gari Ippon-seio-nage De-ashi-barai Tai-otoshi Major Outer Drop Major Outer One Arm Shoulder Advancing Foot Body Drop Throw Sweep O-uchi-gari Ko-uchi-gari Ko-uchi-gake Ko-soto-gake Ko-soto-gari Major Inner Reaping Minor Inner Reaping Minor Inner Hook Minor Outer Hook Minor Outer Reap Uki-goshi O-goshi Tsuri-goshi Floating Hip Throw Major Hip Throw Lifting Hip Throw Osae-Waza - Holding Techniques Kesa-gatame Yoko-shiho-gatame Kuzure-kesa-gatme Scarf Hold Side 4 Quarters Broken Scarf Hold Nage-Waza - Throwing Techniques Morote-seio-nage O-goshi Uki-goshi Tsuri-goshi Koshi-guruma Two Arm Shoulder Major Hip Throw Floating Hip Throw Lifting Hip Throw Hip Whirl Throw Sode-tsuri-komi-goshi Tsuri-komi-goshi Sasae-tsuri-komi-ashi Tsubame-gaeshi Okuri-ashi-barai Sleeve Lifting Pulling Lifting Pulling Hip Lifting Pulling Ankle Swallow’s Counter Following Foot Hip Throw Throw Block Sweep Shime-Waza - Strangulations Nami-juji-jime Normal Cross Choke Ko-soto-gake Ko-soto-gari Ko-uchi-gari Ko-uchi-gake Minor Outer Hook Minor Outer Reap Minor Inner Reap Minor Inner Hook Osae-Waza - Holding Techniques Kansetsu-Waza - Joint Locks Gyaku-juji-jime Reverse Cross Choke Kami-shiho-gatame Kuzure-kami-shiho-gatame Upper 4 Quarters Hold Broken Upper 4 Quarters Hold Ude-hishigi-juji-gatme Cross Arm Lock Tate-shiho-gatame Kata-juji-jime Mounted Hold Half Cross Choke Nage-Waza - Throwing Techniques Harai-goshi Kata-guruma Uki-otoshi Tsuri-komi-goshi Sode-tsuri-komi-goshi
[Show full text]
Grading Syllabus Information
GRADING CRITERIA Gradings are designed to asses your ability and test your character. Notification of a grading is not an indication that the student is ready for grading just advising that the minimum required period and amount of compulsory classes has been or likely to be acquired by the grading date. Students not quite ready will be advised to forego the grading until such a time as they are considered ready, grading is strictly at the instructors discretion. Students looking for short cuts to belts are advised that they are at the wrong club. If you’re looking for quality tuition leading to a quality black belt you are at the right club and you will know this. Grading examinations are held every three months for students. In order to pass a grading the student must, not only demonstrate knowledge of the required techniques, but have an excellent attendance and disciplinary record. Students under the age of 8 are not required to perform Kata at their grading Gradings take place on a weekend at which students are required to bring the correct uniform, protective equipment, valid licence, coarse card and lesson stamp card and any other additional items as instructed by Sensei. Where possible a panel of examiners will conduct the examination. The criteria for belt promotion are not only how a student performs certain Karate techniques, but also their mental approach, focus and attitude are taken into consideration. The first few grading tests are not that difficult, however as a student progresses, grading demands increase and they will need to devote more time to their Karate path.
[Show full text]
Ash's Okinawan Karate
ASH’S OKINAWAN KARATE LOCATION: 610 Professional Drive, Suite 1, Bozeman, Montana 59718 PHONE: 406-994-9194 EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: www.ashsokinawankarate.com INSTRUCTORS: Brian Ash – Roku dan (6th degree Black Belt) Lisa Ash – Yon dan (4th degree Black Belt) Kaitlyn Ash – San dan (3rd degree Black Belt) Karate is an individual endeavor. Each person is taught and advanced according to his/her own ability. Initially, you will learn a basic foundation of karate techniques on which to build. Fundamentals of actual street and sport karate are later incorporated into your training as well as the Isshinryu kata. All classes include stretching and calisthenics. To be effective in karate, you must be in optimum shape. This book lists the minimal testing criteria for each belt level. Your sensei will decide when you are ready for testing, even if you have met the listed criteria. The rank criteria are simply a guide for the student. Practice is very important to prepare yourself for learning and advancement. To be a true black belt, you must not rush through the kyu ranks. Take advantage of that time to practice and improve all techniques and kata. We can never stop learning or improving ourselves. The secret of martial arts success is practice. Like uniforms are required during class representing tradition and equality in students. The main objective of Isshinryu is the perfection of oneself through both physical and mental development. Ash’s Karate combines teaching Isshinryu karate with a well- rounded exercise program. MISSION STATEMENT: To instill confidence, courtesy, and respect while building mental and physical strength, self discipline, balance, focus, endurance and perseverance in students so that they may empower themselves to overcome physical and mental obstacles, build character and unify mind, body and spirit.
[Show full text]
Seiunchin Kata Bunkai
Seiunchin Kata Bunkai Bunkai Description Kata Description Rei (bow) Rei (bow) Set (salutation) Set (salutation) Heiko dachi (parallel stance, ready position) Heiko dachi (parallel stance, ready position) 1. Look to left, slide right foot straight ahead into Move to opponent's left; grab high. Seiunchin dachi, hands posted at ready. Bring open hands up and out (breaking grab), execute double low From opponent diagonal, right blocks to sides (kick coming from 45º). Right hand straightforward kick. Right step and punch. middle haito block, grab and pull into left hand nukite. 2. Look over right shoulder, slide left foot toward front. Move to opponent right; grab high. Bring open hands up and out (breaking grab), execute double low blocks to sides. Left hand middle haito From opponent diagonal, left block, grab and pull into right hand nukite. straightforward kick. Left step and punch. 3. Look behind over left shoulder, slide right foot Move to opponent left; grab high. toward front. Bring open hands up and out (breaking grab), execute double low blocks to sides. Right hand From opponent diagonal, right middle haito block, grab and pull into left hand nukite. straightforward kick. Right step and punch. 4. Catch kick (punch) with left hand with right hand back Move to opponent front. Right fist leg while sliding left foot back into cat stance. Put straightforward kick, land right foot left hand shuto on top of right wrist in reinforcing forward. position (also kamae). 5. Slide forward with right foot into Seisan dachi, right hand reinforced punch to solar plexus. Grab behind Be punched, struck with upward elbow opponent's head with left hand, right elbow strike up strike.
[Show full text]
SHOTOKAN KARATE Grading Requirements White to 1St Degree Black Belt
SHOTOKAN KARATE Grading Requirements White to 1st degree Black Belt 9th Kyu 8th Kyu 7th Kyu 6th Kyu 5th Kyu 4th Kyu 3rd Kyu 2nd Kyu 1st Kyu SHODAN KIHON yellow orange Red Green Purple Blue Brown Brown Brown Black Belt Stances: Front, Back, Horse, Attention, Ready X X Kizame zuki and Gyaku-zuki X X X X X Knowledge Oi-zuki and Sambn zuki Test (ask) Gedan-bari and Age-uke Can recite Student Creed and Dojo Kun confidently Soto-uke and Uchi-uke Shuto-uke Dojo Etiquette Mae-geri Mawashi-geri Yoko-geri ke-age/Kekome Ushiro-geri OR Ushiro mawashi-geri Basic Blocks + Gyakuzuki and Nukite Oi-zuki > Gyaku-zuki Soto-uke > enpi > uraken > g.zuki Spinning Uraken > Gyaku-zuki Jab > reverse punch freestyle On the spot & slide-slide Kekome from zenkutsu-dachi > Gyakuzuki Rengeri: 2 X Yoko geri / Mae + Mawashigeri Special content of the term ??? ask and find out what it is ahead of time, if not sure what it is ? ? ? KickBox Combos: 1,2,3,4 Control/Precision/Impact KATA Heian Shodan Choice of 1 Kihon Kata Choice of 1 Advanced Kata One Tokui Kata and Remember: for Black belt exam you may be asked to (unless other kata recommended by sensei) (unless other kata recommended Bunkai of it perform any of the Kihon Katas by sensei) Bassai,dai Kankudai, Jion or Empi +One Kihon-Kata chosen by examiner KUMITE / APPLICATIONS Gohon Kumite Kihon Ippon Kumite Choice of: n/a Jodan and Chudan Oi-zuki Jodan and Chudan Oi-zuki, Chudan mae-geri, Jyu ippon kumite Blocks; Age-uke and Soto uke Mawashi-geri, Kekome Or.
[Show full text]
London Wado Ryu Association 9Th- 1St Kyu Syllabus
London Wado Ryu Association 9th- 1st Kyu Syllabus © London Wado Ryu Association 2006 9th Kyu (Red Belt) The student will be expected to perform the following:- KIHON TSUKI-KERI (BASIC TECHNIQUES) Japanese English Meaning 1) Jodan Uke Head Block 2) Gedan Barai Lower Block (Parry) 3) Gyaku Zuki Opposite Punch (Left & Right) 4) Tobikomi Zuki Front Snap Punch (Towards the face) 5) Mae Geri Front Kick 6) Jun Zuki Lunge Punch 7) Hidari Hanmi Gemae Left Fighting Stance Students will be expected to know:- The Correct DOJO Etiquette (See appendix) The following Japanese Terminology should be learnt: 1) Dojo Training Area or Hall 2) Sensei Instructor * 3) Sempai Assistant Instructor * 4) Rei Bow * 5) Yame Stop * 6) Yoi Ready (in Shizen Hontai Stance) 7) Uke Block 8) Zuki (Tsuki) Punch (Thrust) 9) Geri (Keri) Kick 10) Seiken Two Knuckle Fist 11) Mawatte Turn 12) Seiza Kneel 13) Kiritsu Stand up 14) Musubi Dachi Attention Stance (See appendix) 15) Otagai Everybody 16) Hidari Left 17) Migi Right Words with an * are very important to know, and are for your safety 8th Kyu (Yellow Belt) The student will be expected to perform the following:- KIHON TSUKI-KERI (BASIC TECHNIQUES) Japanese English Meaning 1) Jun Zuki, Mawatte, Jodan Uke 2) Gyaku Zuki, Mawatte, Gedan Barai 3) Mae Geri (Front Kick [with rear leg]) 4) Surikomi Mae Geri (One Step Front Leg Kick) 5) Sokuto Yoko Geri Chudan (Side Kick to body [Using edge of foot]) 6) Mawashi Geri Chudan (Roundhouse Kick) RENRAKU WAZA (COMBINATION TECHNIQUES) 1) Chudan Mae Geri (without changing guard), Tobikomi Zuki 2) Surikomi Mae Geri Chudan, Tobikomi Zuki 3) Chudan Mae Geri, Gyaku Zuki 4) Surikomi Mae Geri Chudan, Gyaku Zuki UKE (BLOCKS) KATA (FORM) 1) Chudan Uke Ipponme [No.
[Show full text]
How to Enhance Effectiveness of Direct Attack Judo Throws
Attilio Sacripanti How to enhance effectiveness of Direct Attack Judo throws “Dr. Kano’s dream : Judo rotational application” Abstract In this paper it is performed an appraisal of the Olympic Sport “Judo” effectiveness in the optics of Biomechanics, that is the Dr Kano’s dream the rotational application of judo. Kano wasn’t able to develop his dream due to his premature death, but the biomechanical analysis is able to broaden the narrow translational vision of judo that is transmitted us by Kano’s disciples. Really speaking some learned followers of Dr. Kano like Kiuzo Mifune in Japan and Koizumi in England already had some rotational ideas, but few people appreciated their words. To broaden the classical view biomechanics will use a very special field f experimentation. This field of experimentation is obviously the high level competition in which most of these rotational application can be found applied more or less instinctively by high level Athletes. Considering the two biomechanical tools that are the physical basis of judo throws it is possible to obtain such results from the analysis of high competition application: Lever Techniques are enhanced in their effectiveness in three ways : 1. The rotational movements, strictly connected to the Lever techniques mechanics achieving victory (Ippon) in competition, can be extended to the unbalance phase (Kuzushi) 2. The rotational movements can be applied in a totally new way putting away even the unbalance that is basic in the Lever techniques. 3. The Lever tool can be hybridized with the application of a Couple to lower the energy consumption and to overcome some strong defensive resistance.
[Show full text]
2016 Journal of the National Collegiate Karate Association
2016 Journal of the National Submitting a Paper to the Journal of the National Collegiate Karate Association We welcome your submissions.Collegiate Please followKarate our guid elinesAssociation to facilitate review. Papers may be submitted for publication in the Journal of the National Collegiate Karate Association in any of the following categories as they apply to karate and martial arts: Research - i.e., Arts, Culture,(JNCKA) Biomechanics, Histo ry, Nutrition, Pedagogy, International Studies, Philosophy, Physiology of Exercise, Psychology Reviews - Normally only by invitation from the editors Teaching Principles New Methods and Theoretical Perspectives Regardless of the category of submission, papers must be carefully researched, proof-read and annotated. Articles will be peer-reviewed by at lea st two reviewers with expertise in the topic. Write in plain English. Avoid the passive voice. The entire Publishing Format for the Journal of the National Collegiate Karate Association begins on page 34 and can also be found on the website www.iskf.com Collegiate Karate Submitting the Manuscript Manuscripts should be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief ([email protected]) by e-mail as an attachment, preferably as an MS Word document (.doc). Papers must be submitted to Dr. Paul Smith by June 1, 2011 in order to be published in the November 2012 Journal. Further discussion will be at Master Camp the second week of June. 38 th Annual ISKF/US National and Collegiate Karate Championships Valley Forge, Pennsylvania November 12-13, 2016 The 2016 JNKCA is available on-line at www.iskf.com Table of Contents Letter from the NCKA Chairman ...................................................................................................... 5 Getting Started in Karate ......................................................................................................................
[Show full text]