DOCSLIB.ORG

Plate Pattern Clarification of the Marine Dinophyte Heterocapsa Triquetra Sensu Stein (Dinophyceae) Collected at the Kiel Fjord (Germany)1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plate Pattern Clarification of the Marine Dinophyte Heterocapsa Triquetra Sensu Stein (Dinophyceae) Collected at the Kiel Fjord (Germany)1 J. Phycol. 53, 1305–1324 (2017) © 2017 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12584 PLATE PATTERN CLARIFICATION OF THE MARINE DINOPHYTE HETEROCAPSA TRIQUETRA SENSU STEIN (DINOPHYCEAE) COLLECTED AT THE KIEL FJORD (GERMANY)1 Urban Tillmann 2 Alfred Wegener Institut, Helmholz-Zentrum fur€ Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D – 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany Mona Hoppenrath2 Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Sudstrand€ 44, D – 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany Marc Gottschling Department Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit€at Munchen,€ Menzinger Str. 67, D – 80638, Munchen,€ Germany Wolf-Henning Kusber Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universit€at Berlin, Konigin-Luise-Straße€ 6-8, D – 14195, Berlin, Germany and Malte Elbrachter€ Wattenmeerstation Sylt des Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum fur€ Polar- und Meeresforschung, Hafenstr. 43, D – 25992, List/Sylt, Germany One of the most common marine dinophytes is a 254–306 nm in diameter, had 6 ridges radiating from species known as Heterocapsa triquetra.WhenStein a central spine, 9 peripheral and 3 radiating spines, introduced the taxon Heterocapsa, he formally based and 12 peripheral bars as well as a central depression the type species H. triquetra on the basionym in the basal plate. Our work provides a clarification Glenodinium triquetrum. The latter was described by of morphological characters and a new, validly Ehrenberg and is most likely a species of published name for this important but yet formally Kryptoperidinium. In addition to that currently undescribed species of Heterocapsa: H. steinii sp. nov. unresolved nomenclatural situation, the thecal plate Key index words: H. triquetra morphology; plate pattern; taxon- composition of sensu Stein (1883) was omy; variability controversial in the past. To clarify the debate, we collected material and established the strain UTKG7 Abbreviations: APC, apical pore complex; BPP, from the Baltic Sea off Kiel (Germany, the same Bayesian posterior probabilities; C, cingular plate; locality as Stein had studied), which was investigated cp, cover plate; GTR, generalized time reversible; using light and electron microscopy, and whose HMDS, hexamethyldisilazane; ICN, International systematic position was inferred using molecular code of nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants; phylogenetics. The small motile cells (18–26 lmin LBS, Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support; LF, length) had a biconical through fusiform shape and longitudinal flagellum; ML, Maximum Likelihood; typically were characterized by a short asymmetrically OTU, operational taxonomic unit; Po, pore plate; shaped, horn-like protuberance at the antapex. A Sa, anterior sulcal plate; Sd, right sulcal plate; Sp, large spherical nucleus was located in the episome, posterior sulcal plate; Ssa, anterior left sulcal plate; whereas a single pyrenoid laid in the lower cingular Ssp, posterior left sulcal plate; TF, transverse flagel- plane. The predominant plate pattern was identified lum; X, canal-plate as apical pore complex (Po, cp?, X), 40,2a,600,6c, 5s, 5000,20000. The triradiate body scales were About 20 species have been assigned to dino- phycean Heterocapsa (Iwataki 2008, Guiry 2017) 1Received 10 May 2017. Accepted 29 August 2017. First Published including cosmopolitan bloom formers such as H. ro- Online 15 September 2017. Published Online 10 October 2017, Wiley tundata (Hansen 1989) and the toxic H. circula- Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). risquama (Nagai et al. 1996). The latter has caused 2Authors for correspondence: e-mail [email protected] and [email protected]. severe bivalve mortalities in Japan in 1992 (Mat- Editorial Responsibility: T. Mock (Associate Editor) suyama et al. 1997) and since then, it is a serious 1305 1306 URBANTILLMANNETAL. threat to the mussel industry in western Japan and plate as belonging to the precingular series. Based on Hong Kong (Iwataki et al. 2002). Another species, cur- Lindemann (1924) and Lebour (1925), Schiller rently known as Heterocapsa triquetra, is one of the most (1937) thus registered somewhat indecisively the plate abundant bloom-forming dinophyte species in coastal pattern of H. triquetra sensu Stein (1883) as [sic] 40, and estuarine waters, with a wide distribution around 2a, 700,(600), 5000,20000 in his seminal pre-war book. the world (Carstensen et al. 2015). It is regularly The next important addition came in 1977 when, recorded from the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the for the first time, Pennick and Clarke (1977) described North and South Atlantic, along the west and east the presence of three-dimensional body scales for coast of Greenland, the Mediterranean and in the east- H. triquetra sensu Stein (1883). Subsequently, Morrill ern Pacific (Lohmann 1908, Lebour 1925, Braarud and Loeblich (1981) detected similar scales in two spe- 1935, Grontved and Seidenfaden 1938, Braarud and cies assigned to Cachonina. These scales are unique in Pappas 1951, Balech 1988). Dense blooming popula- their three-dimensional architecture, which led Morrill tions frequently occur in estuaries and harbor areas, and Loeblich (1981) to aim at the comparison of the but are also recorded from a brackish lake below thick plate patterns in H. triquetra sensu Stein (1883) and in surface ice (Baek et al. 2011). Typical bloom densities species assigned to Cachonina. Based on cultivated À range from 1–20 9 106 cells Á L 1 (Lindholm and material they reported a large variability regarding the Nummelin 1999, Litaker et al. 2002a, Tas 2016). Fur- number of plates and described the “most common” ther studies of H. triquetra sensu Stein (1883) comprise plate formula of H. triquetra sensu Stein (1883) as a wide array of investigations in ecophysiology having2pr,50,3a,700, 6c, 7s, 5000,1p,20000 (whereas “pr” (Braarud and Pappas 1951, Litaker et al. 2002b), fatty refers to preapical plates; i.e., a pore plate Po and a acid composition (Matsuyama and Suzuki 1998), canal plate X). This plate pattern notably consists of phagotrophy (Legrand et al. 1998), life-history (Olli one additional plate in each of the three epithecal 2004), vertical migration (Jephson et al. 2011), phylo- plate series in comparison to the results of Lindemann genetics (Salas et al. 2014, Price and Bhattacharya (1924). However, the discrepancy was not even men- 2017), and entire genome assessment (McEwan et al. tioned by Morrill and Loeblich (1981). Their plate pat- 2008). tern determined for H. triquetra sensu Stein (1883) in Heterocapsa triquetra sensu Stein (1883) is thus one fact is congruent to that of Cachonina (Loeblich 1968), of the most frequently encountered and best studied and this congruence, together with the presence of marine representatives of unicellular dinophytes. It is the characteristic body scales, was the reasons to bring relatively small (ca. 16–30 lm long, 9–18 lm wide) Cachonina into synonymy with Heterocapsa (Morrill and but characteristic because of its unique fusiform Loeblich 1981). shape. Furthermore, the horn-like hypothecal protu- Seven years later, Balech (1988) published thecal berance is a highly diagnostic trait making the recog- plates of H. triquetra sensu Stein (1883) in detail nition and identification of the species exceptionally based on material of South Atlantic origin. It easy despite its small size. In the initial descriptions remains unclear whether Balech (1988) was not and minute illustrations, Stein (1883) referred to the- aware of, or whether his practical work preceded cal plates (and sutures between them) of the epitheca the study of, Morrill and Loeblich (1981). In any only. In fact, he regarded this hemispheric tabulation case, his work using field samples basically con- as the main difference between his new Heterocapsa firmed the results of Lindemann (1924) for the con- and other thecate taxa recognized during his time, formation of epi- and hypothecal plates. Additional such as Peridinium (plates visible in light microscopy: work on cingular and sulcal plates led Balech LM) and Glenodinium (plates not visible in LM). (1988) to conclude the complete plate formula as Heterocapsa triquetra sensu Stein (1883) became Po, 40, 2a, 700, 6c, 4s, 5000,20000. As Lebour (1925), established fast (Butschli€ 1885, Schutt€ 1895, Delage Balech (1988) considered the plate in the midven- and Herouard 1896, Lohmann 1908, Paulsen 1908, tral area as plate number 7 of the precingular series, Meunier 1910, 1919). Schutt€ (1895) was the first who whereas Lindemann (1924) regarded this area as observed and depicted plates of the hypotheca, and part of the cingular and sulcal groove system. The was followed by Meunier (1919) showing hypothecal latest revision of plate patterns goes back to the revi- plates in ventral and dorsal views. Lindemann (1924) sionary work of Iwataki (2002), who concluded the re-examined Stein’s species based on plankton mate- same plate pattern for all species of Heterocapsa, rial from the Mediterranean Golden Horn, as well as including H. triquetra sensu Stein (1883), namely from the Baltic Sea off Kiel and Rostock, and pre- Po, X, 50, 3a, 700, 6c, 5s, 5000,20000. Thus, the emenda- sented the complete tabulation pattern of both epi- tion of Heterocapsa (Iwataki et al. 2003) is in conflict and hypotheca for the first time in detail. He did not with the delicate work of Lindemann (1924), resolve cingular and sulcal plates, but his descriptions Lebour (1925) and Balech (1988).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Data and the Evolutionary History of Dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Un
    Molecular data and the evolutionary history of dinoflagellates by Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria Diplom, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg, 1993 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Botany We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA November 2003 © Juan Fernando Saldarriaga Echavarria, 2003 ABSTRACT New sequences of ribosomal and protein genes were combined with available morphological and paleontological data to produce a phylogenetic framework for dinoflagellates. The evolutionary history of some of the major morphological features of the group was then investigated in the light of that framework. Phylogenetic trees of dinoflagellates based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) are generally poorly resolved but include many well- supported clades, and while combined analyses of SSU and LSU (large subunit ribosomal RNA) improve the support for several nodes, they are still generally unsatisfactory. Protein-gene based trees lack the degree of species representation necessary for meaningful in-group phylogenetic analyses, but do provide important insights to the phylogenetic position of dinoflagellates as a whole and on the identity of their close relatives. Molecular data agree with paleontology in suggesting an early evolutionary radiation of the group, but whereas paleontological data include only taxa with fossilizable cysts, the new data examined here establish that this radiation event included all dinokaryotic lineages, including athecate forms. Plastids were lost and replaced many times in dinoflagellates, a situation entirely unique for this group. Histones could well have been lost earlier in the lineage than previously assumed.
    [Show full text]
  • Patrons De Biodiversité À L'échelle Globale Chez Les Dinoflagellés
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emerciements* ! Remerciements* A!l'issue!de!ce!travail!de!recherche!et!de!sa!rédaction,!j’ai!la!preuve!que!la!thèse!est!loin!d'être!un!travail! solitaire.! En! effet,! je! n'aurais! jamais! pu! réaliser! ce! travail! doctoral! sans! le! soutien! d'un! grand! nombre! de! personnes!dont!l’amitié,!la!générosité,!la!bonne!humeur%et%l'intérêt%manifestés%à%l'égard%de%ma%recherche%m'ont% permis!de!progresser!dans!cette!phase!délicate!de!«!l'apprentiGchercheur!».!
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Mediterranean Free-Living Dinoflagellates Institutional Rate: € 938,-/Approx
    Botanica Marina Vol. 46,2003, pp. 215-242 © 2003 by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin ■ New York Subscriptions Botanica Marina is published bimonthly. Annual subscription rate (Volume 46,2003) Checklist of Mediterranean Free-living Dinoflagellates Institutional rate: € 938,-/approx. SFr1 50 1 in the US and Canada US $ 938,-. Individual rate: € 118,-/approx. SFr 189,-; in the US and Canada US $ 118,-. Personal rates apply only when copies are sent to F. Gómez a private address and payment is made by a personal check or credit card. Personal subscriptions must not be donated to a library. Single issues: € 178,-/approx. SFr 285,-. All prices exclude postage. Department of Aquatic Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, [email protected] Orders Institutional subscription orders should be addressed to the publishers orto your usual subscription agent. Individual subscrip­ tion orders must be sent directly to one of the addresses indicated below. The Americas: An annotated checklist of the free-living dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) of the Mediterranean Sea, based on Walter de Gruyter, Inc., 200 Saw Mill River Road, Hawthorne, N.Y. 10532, USA, Tel. 914-747-0110, Fax 914-747-1326, literature records, is given. The distribution of 673 species in 9 Mediterranean sub-basins is reported. The e-mail: [email protected]. number of taxa among the sub-basins was as follows: Ligurian (496 species), Balear-Provençal (360), Adri­ Australia and New Zealand: atic (322), Tyrrhenian (284), Ionian (283), Levantine (268), Aegean (182), Alborán (179) and Algerian Seas D. A. Information Services, 648 Whitehorse Road, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Scrippsiella Trochoidea (F.Stein) A.R.Loebl
    MOLECULAR DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE CALCAREOUS DINOPHYTES (THORACOSPHAERACEAE, PERIDINIALES) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München zur Begutachtung vorgelegt von Sylvia Söhner München, im Februar 2013 Erster Gutachter: PD Dr. Marc Gottschling Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Susanne Renner Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06. Juni 2013 “IF THERE IS LIFE ON MARS, IT MAY BE DISAPPOINTINGLY ORDINARY COMPARED TO SOME BIZARRE EARTHLINGS.” Geoff McFadden 1999, NATURE 1 !"#$%&'(&)'*!%*!+! +"!,-"!'-.&/%)$"-"!0'* 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 2& ")3*'4$%/5%6%*!+1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 7! 8,#$0)"!0'*+&9&6"*,+)-08!+ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :! 5%*%-"$&0*!-'/,)!0'* 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ;! "#$!%"&'(!)*+&,!-!"#$!'./+,#(0$1$!2! './+,#(0$1$!-!3+*,#+4+).014!1/'!3+4$0&41*!041%%.5.01".+/! 67! './+,#(0$1$!-!/&"*.".+/!1/'!4.5$%"(4$! 68! ./!5+0&%!-!"#$!"#+*10+%,#1$*10$1$! 69! "#+*10+%,#1$*10$1$!-!5+%%.4!1/'!$:"1/"!'.;$*%."(! 6<! 3+4$0&41*!,#(4+)$/(!-!0#144$/)$!1/'!0#1/0$! 6=! 1.3%!+5!"#$!"#$%.%! 62! /0+),++0'* 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111<=!
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Clarification of the Dinophyte Peridinium Acuminatum Ehrenb., ≡ Scrippsiella Acuminata, Comb
    Phytotaxa 220 (3): 239–256 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.220.3.3 Taxonomic clarification of the dinophyte Peridinium acuminatum Ehrenb., ≡ Scrippsiella acuminata, comb. nov. (Thoracosphaeraceae, Peridiniales) JULIANE KRETSCHMANN1, MALTE ELBRÄCHTER2, CARMEN ZINSSMEISTER1,3, SYLVIA SOEHNER1, MONIKA KIRSCH4, WOLF-HENNING KUSBER5 & MARC GOTTSCHLING1,* 1 Department Biologie, Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, D – 80638 München, Germany 2 Wattenmeerstation Sylt des Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Hafenstr. 43, D – 25992 List/Sylt, Germany 3 Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Südstrand 44, D – 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany 4 Universität Bremen, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften – Fachrichtung Historische Geologie/Paläontologie, Klagenfurter Straße, D – 28359 Bremen, Germany 5 Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, D – 14195 Berlin, Germany * Corresponding author (E-mail: [email protected]) Abstract Peridinium acuminatum (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) was described in the first half of the 19th century, but the name has been rarely adopted since then. It was used as type of Goniodoma, Heteraulacus and Yesevius, providing various sources of nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion. Particularly, several early authors emphasised that the organisms investigated by C.G. Ehrenberg and S.F.N.R. von Stein were not conspecific, but did not perform the necessary taxonomic conclusions. The holotype of P. acuminatum is an illustration dating back to 1834, which makes the determination of the species ambiguous. We collected, isolated, and cultivated Scrippsiella acuminata, comb.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin and Evolution of Dinoflagellates with a Diatom Endosymbiont
    Title Origin and Evolution of Dinoflagellates with a Diatom Endosymbiont Author(s) Horiguchi, Takeo Citation Edited by Shunsuke F. Mawatari, Hisatake Okada., 53-59 Issue Date 2004 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/38506 Type proceedings International Symposium on "Dawn of a New Natural History - Integration of Geoscience and Biodiversity Studies". 5- Note 6 March 2004. Sapporo, Japan. File Information p53-59-neo-science.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Origin and Evolution of Dinoflagellates with a Diatom Endosymbiont Takeo Horiguchi Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan ABSTRACT The origin and evolutionary scenario of a small group of dinoflagellates with unusual chloroplasts are discussed. These dinoflagellates are known to possess an endosymbiotic alga of diatom origin. These are Durinskia baltica, Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, Peridinium quinquecorne, Durinskia sp., Gymnodinium quadrilobatum, Peridiniopsis rhomboids, Dinothrix paradoxa and a new coccoid di- noflagellate from Palau (P-18 strain). Although these eight species share a similar type of endosym- biont, morphologically they are so diverse that they may be classified as different entities, even to the ordinal level, using the current taxonomic criteria. To investigate the origin(s) and phylogenetic affinities of these dinoflagellates, the SSU rRNA and rbcL genes of D. baltica, K foliaceum, Durinskia sp., Peridiniopsis rhomboids, Dinothrix paradoxa and P-18 strain were sequenced and analysed. Phylogenetic trees based on nuclear encoded SSU rRNA gene strongly suggested that all these endosymbiotic dinoflagellates are monophyletic. The phylogenetic analyses based on the plas- tid encoded rbcL gene also revealed that all the endosymbiotic algae formed a unique clade within the diatom clade.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Jurassic Dinoflagellate Cyst Biostratigraphy and Global Provincialism
    THE LITERATURE ON TRIASSIC, JURASSIC AND EARLIEST CRETACEOUS DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS (version #1 - May 2019) James B. Riding British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom Email: [email protected] The scientific literature on Trassic to earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts was first compiled by Riding (2012). Four supplements to this major compendium have subsequently been issued (Riding 2013, 2014, 2019a, 2019b). In each of these five publications, the relevant contributions on this topic, together with appropriate and descriptive keywords, were listed. A total of 1889 items were listed in order to provide interested parties with a complete inventory of the literature on this topic. Unfortunately 11 publications were mentioned twice, hence the remaining 1878 contributions are all itemised below in alphabetical/chronological order. The 391 contributions which are considered to be of major significance are asterisked. Should future supplements on this subject be published, the relevant articles in these will be added to this listing. This reference list has been edited specifically for this webpage, but there are some minor variations, for example digital object identifier (doi) numbers were only included in the latest four compilations (Riding 2014, 2018, 2019a, 2019b), and not in Riding (2012, 2013). References Riding JB. 2012. A compilation and review of the literature on Triassic, Jurassic, and earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contributions Series, No. 46, 119 p. plus CD ROM. Riding JB. 2013. The literature on Triassic, Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts: supplement 1. Palynology, 37: 345–354. Riding JB. 2014. The literature on Triassic, Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts: supplement 2.
    [Show full text]
  • From Iraq Hameed A
    Hameed et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2016) 9:40 DOI 10.1186/s41200-016-0042-5 RESEARCH Open Access Taxonomic characterization of a brackish water, bloom-forming Peridiniopsis species (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) from Iraq Hameed A. Hameed1, Maria Saburova2* and Nicolas Chomérat3 Abstract Background: The occurrence of a small brackish water bloom-forming dinoflagellate belonging to the genus Peridiniopsis is reported for the first time from the Shatt Al-Arab River in Iraq. Based on the study of cell morphology, this taxon was attributed to the recently described Peridiniopsis minima, recorded so far only from the Jiulongjiang River, China. Results: The description of P. minima was extended to include some previously unreported details of the thecal surface, apical pore complex, and sulcus structure using light and scanning electron microscopy. Cells of this species from Iraq were oval to rhombic in shape and slightly dorso-ventrally compressed, with distinct red eyespot and endosymbiont nucleus. Cells were covered by a thin theca with the Kofoidian plate formula Po, X, 3′, 1a, 6″, 5c, 5s,5′′′,2′′′′. Complementing the original description of the species, five plates were discerned in the composition of the sulcal area, and the presence of small median sulcal plate was confirmed. Conclusion: The finding of P. minima in the waters of Shatt Al-Arab River represents a new addition to the Iraqi aquatic microflora. Our observations of this dinoflagellate in brackish waters of the Shatt Al-Arab River system extend the known range of salinity tolerance for this species. Keywords: Dinophyceae, Dinoflagellates, Iraq, Morphology, Peridiniopsis, Shatt Al-Arab River, Taxonomy, SEM Background Donagh et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Fresh-Water Dinoflagellates of Maryland
    Fresh-water dinoflagellates of Maryland Item Type monograph Authors Thompson, R.H. Publisher Chesapeake Biological Laboratory Download date 30/09/2021 20:59:47 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/28804 FRESH-WATER DINOFLAGELLATES OF MARYLAND I ;-. K. H. THOMPSON May, 1947 Publication No. 67 I CHESAPEAKE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY Solomows Island, Maryland State of Maryland DEPARTMENT OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATIOK Corn missz'on ers : B. H. Willier, Chairntan ....................................................................................... Baltimore H. R. Bassett ........................................................................................................ Crisfield &I-oyd M. Bertholf ................ ................................................................................ Westminster E. N. Cory.......................................................................................................... Clege Park Franklin D. IIay..: .......................................................................................... CentreviIle Director: R. V. Truitt...................................................................... -. ......................... Solomons Island State Weather Service : G. N. Brancato, Meteorologist in Charge ........................................................... .... ....................... Baltimore Chesapeake Biological Laboratory : Edwin M. Barry, B. S., Education Assistant 6. F. Beaven, M. A., Biologist I, Oyster Inwestigations Coit M. Coker, M. A., Biologist II, Fishery Investigations Alice
    [Show full text]
  • Title RECENT THECATE and FOSSILIZED
    RECENT THECATE AND FOSSILIZED Title DINOFLAGELLATES OFF HACHINOHE COAST, NORTHEASTERN JAPAN Author(s) Matsuoka, Kazumi PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL Citation LABORATORY (1976), 23(3-5): 351-369 Issue Date 1976-10-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175931 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University RECENT THECATE AND FOSSILIZED DINOFLAGELLATES OFF HACillNOHE COAST, NORTHEASTERN JAPAN KAZUMI MATSUOKA Department of Biology, Osaka City University With Text-figures 1-2 and Plates I-IV Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................ 351 Methods of sampling and preparation ........................................................................... 352 Observations ............................................................................................................ 354 Discussions . 355 Systematic descriptions ............................................................................................. 358 References . 366 Introduction It has long been known that a few species of dinoflagellates such as Ceratium hirundinella produce cysts or resting spores at a certain stage of the life cycle (Huber and Nipkow, 1922 and 1923 in Sarjeant, 1974). The fact, on the other hand, that the dinoflagellates obtained from bottom sediments including hystrichospheres in a narrow sense are fossilized cyst forms is recently clarified by Evitt (1963) and others. On the bases of these knowledges, much has been added to the information
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of the Marine Planktonic Dinoflagellate Oxytoxum and Corythodinium (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)
    Acta Protozool. (2016) 55: 239–248 www.ejournals.eu/Acta-Protozoologica ACTA doi:10.4467/16890027AP.16.026.6095 PROTOZOOLOGICA Molecular Phylogeny of the Marine Planktonic Dinoflagellate Oxytoxum and Corythodinium (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) Fernando GÓMEZ1, Kevin C. WAKEMAN2,a, Aika YAMAGUCHI3, Hisayoshi NOZAKI4 1 Carmen Campos Panisse 3, Puerto de Santa María, Spain; 2 Komaba International Building for Education and Research (KIBER), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 3 Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe, Japan; 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; a Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Abstract. The dinoflagellate genera Oxytoxum and Corythodinium that account for more than fifty species are widespread in warm oceans. These genera have been considered synonyms and thecal plate designations varied among authors. Several planktonic and sand-dwelling genera have been placed within the Oxytoxaceae. We obtained the first molecular data based on small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences of Oxytoxum and Corythodinium, including the type species (O. scolopax and C. tessellatum) and C. frenguellii and C. cristatum. The three species of Corythodinium branched together a strong support [bootstrap (BP) of 98%]. This formed a sister clade with moderate support (BP 75%) with O. scolopax that supported the generic split. Oxytoxaceae should exclusively remain for Oxytoxum and Corythodinium, as an independent group, unrelated to any other known dinoflagellate. Oxytoxum was characterized by spindle-shaped cells with an anterior narrow epitheca, an apical spine and little cingular displacement. Corythodinium exhibits relatively broad cell shapes, with wider epitheca and greater cingular displacement, and an obovate or pentangular anterior sulcal plate that noticeably indented the epitheca.
    [Show full text]
  • 18S Rrna Gene Sequences of Leptocephalus Gut Contents
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN 18S rRNA gene sequences of leptocephalus gut contents, particulate organic matter, and biological oceanographic conditions in the western North Pacifc Tsuyoshi Watanabe1,8*, Satoshi Nagai2, Yoko Kawakami3, Taiga Asakura4, Jun Kikuchi4, Nobuharu Inaba5, Yukiko Taniuchi6, Hiroaki Kurogi2, Seinen Chow2, Tsutomu Tomoda7, Daisuke Ambe2 & Daisuke Hasegawa1 Eel larvae apparently feed on marine snow, but many aspects of their feeding ecology remain unknown. The eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene sequence compositions in the gut contents of four taxa of anguilliform eel larvae were compared with the sequence compositions of vertically sampled seawater particulate organic matter (POM) in the oligotrophic western North Pacifc Ocean. Both gut contents and POM were mainly composed of dinofagellates as well as other phytoplankton (cryptophytes and diatoms) and zooplankton (ciliophoran and copepod) sequences. Gut contents also contained cryptophyte and ciliophoran genera and a few other taxa. Dinofagellates (family Gymnodiniaceae) may be an important food source and these phytoplankton were predominant in gut contents and POM as evidenced by DNA analysis and phytoplankton cell counting. The compositions of the gut contents were not specifc to the species of eel larvae or the diferent sampling areas, and they were most similar to POM at the chlorophyll maximum in the upper part of the thermocline (mean depth: 112 m). Our results are consistent with eel larvae feeding on marine snow at a low trophic level, and feeding may frequently occur in the chlorophyll maximum in the western North Pacifc. Te Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, is a catadromous fsh species with a spawning area at the West Mariana Ridge in the western North Pacifc1–4.
    [Show full text]