Species of Uncertain Affinities Currently Assigned to Glenodinium

Species of uncertain affinities currently assigned to Glenodinium

Genus 1. Glenodinium Ehrenberg 1836, p. 174

Type species: Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg 1836

The genus Glenodinium was described in a very incomplete way by Ehrenberg in 1836. In the following decades the name G. cinctum was used in most works dealing with freshwater dinoflagellates, sometimes accompanied by descriptions and illustrations which differed considerably from one another. The generic name has been used with criteria that varied more extensively over the years than for any other dinoflagellate genus. For many authors throughout the twentieth century the name was applied on the basis of the negative character of not having visible structure on the theca (Meunier 1919), despite the definition of the genus based on a range of tabulations in Schiller’s (1935a) monographic treatment in Rabenhorst’s Kryp- togamen-flora. When Wołoszynska (1916) described the genus Sphaerodinium, she concluded, after publication of her paper, that it was identical to Glenodinium and that her species Sphaerodinium limneticum was identical to Glenodinium cinctum (Wołoszynska 1917). Instead of transferring her species of Sphaerodinium to the older genus Glenodinium, she did the opposite and transferred Ehrenberg’s Gleno- dinium cinctum to Sphaerodinium. This resulted in confusion and the exclusion of the type species from the genus Glenodinium in most identification manuals. Most species below will undoubtedly be transferred to other genera, and the identity of the type species will have to be resolved. Because of their very thin amphiesmal plates, species of this group occupy an intermediary position between the “naked” gymnodinioids and the heavily “armored” peridinioids and gonyaulacoids. Some may prove to be peridinioids, other are perhaps woloszynskioids. Key to species of uncertain affinities currently referred to Glenodinium: 1a Cells with eyespot �� 2 1b Cells without eyespot �� 10 2a Eyespot horseshoe-shaped or triangular �� 3 2b Eyespot comma-shaped or round �� 5 3a Eyespot horseshoe-shaped �� 4 3b Eyespot triangular �� 2. G. amphiconicum 4a Cells dorsoventrally strongly compressed �� 7. G. gessneri 4b Cells barely compressed dorsoventrally ��1. G. cinctum 5a Chloroplasts present, sulcus does not extend to apex �� 6 5b Chloroplasts absent, sulcus extends to apex ��10. G. leptodermum 6a Chloroplasts blue-green or glaucous ��8. G. glaucum 6b Chloroplasts yellow or brown �� 7

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2018 Ø. Moestrup, A. J. Calado, Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Bd. 6 – Freshwater Flora of Central Europe, Vol. 6: Dinophyceae, Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56269-7 454 Species of uncertain affinities currently assigned to Glenodinium 7a Cells strongly compressed dorsoventrally �� 7. G. gessneri 7b Cells not or only slightly compressed dorsoventrally �� 8 8a With numerous chloroplasts �� 9 8b With few large rounded chloroplasts, cells shaped as a parallelogram �� 13. G. peisonis 9a Cingulum slightly descending, sulcus forms circular area on epicone �� 17. G. segriense 9b Cingulum circular, sulcus forms very slight indentation on epicone �� 18. G. vindobonense 10a Edges of the sulcus terminate in antapical tooth ��4. G. denticulatum 10b No teeth at the antapical end of the sulcus edges ��11 11a Cells disc-shaped �� 12 11b Cells may be slightly compressed dorsoventrally but not disc-shaped �� 13 12a Cells very flat, posterior end flat, undulated, cell 46 µm long; in eutrophic ponds �� 11. G. limos 12b Cells ca. 14 µm thick and 32 µm long; in acid bogs �� 12. G. mezii 13a Chloroplasts absent ��16. G. punctulatum 13b Chloroplast present �� 14 14a Epicone narrower than hypocone �� 3. G. dangeardii 14b Epicone as wide as or wider than hypocone �� 15 15a Epicone wider than hypocone (overhanging) ��15. G. pulvisculus 15b Epicone as wide as hypocone (occasionally hypocone wider) �� 16 16a Epicone with apical pore �� 14. G. pseudostigmosum 16b No apical pore �� 17 17a With numerous chloroplasts �� 18 17b With two chloroplasts, one at each end �� 6. G. eurystomum 18a Cell with wide indentation at the right anterior end ��5. G. emarginatum 18b Apical end without emargination �� 19 19a Cells 20–24 µm long, sometimes less �� 9. G. helicozoster 19b Cells 30–40 µm long ��17. G. segriense

1. Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg sensu auctorum (Fig. 404)

Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg 1836, p. 174; Ehrenberg 1838, p. 257, pl. XXII, fig. XXII ≡Peridinium oculatum Dujardin 1841, p. 374 ≡ Peridinium cinctum (Eh- renberg) Claparède & J. Lachmann 1859, p. 404, nom. illeg. (non Peridinium cinctum (O. F. Müller) Ehrenberg) Glenodinium berghii Lemmermann 1900b, p. (117) (Glenodinium cinctum sensu Bergh 1881, pp 247, 248, 251, figs 65–67)

Cells ovoid to subspherical, epi- and hypocone of approximately equal size. Epi- cone hemispherical to rounded conical, hypocone rounded conical. Cingulum circular, sulcus does not extend into the epicone. Cells yellow, with smooth theca. Large horseshoe-shaped eyespot. Ehrenberg (1838) indicated the size as 47 µm; his illustrations show a range of 33–53 µm in length, width 33–50 µm, thickness 30 µm. Variants by subsequent authors include differences in relative length of the epi- and hypocone and a differently shaped, or even absent, eyespot. Ecology: mesotrophic to eutrophic ponds, more rarely in lakes (Lemmermann 1910). Geographical distribution: Germany. Genus 1. Glenodinium 455

b d g

c f e h

Fig. 404 Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg (a–f after Ehrenberg 1838; g, h after Bergh 1881). a, b ventral views; c dorsal view; d, e right lateral views; f cell division?; g emp- ty theca seen from the dorsal side; h recently divided cells within mucilage of division cyst

2. Glenodinium amphiconicum J. Schiller 1955, p. 49, pl. IX, fig. 49 (“ampliconicum”) (Fig. 405)

Cells biconical, slightly flattened dorsoventrally. Epi- and hypocone of almost equal size. Sides straight or slightly concave when seen from the ventral side, the cells thereby acquiring the appearance of a parallelogram. Cingulum barely descending. Sulcus on hypocone only, deeper in front, more flattened posteriorly. With numerous yellowish-brown chloroplasts, shaped as oval plates. The number of chloroplasts varies with the season, fewer in spring, more in summer and autumn. Eyespot almost triangular, located in the anterior part of the sulcus, anterior edge of the eyespot slightly concave. Thin cell cover present. Cells 28–30 µm long, 24–26 µm wide. Ecology: Lake Neusiedl, Austria, May–October 1951. Geographical distribution: Austria.

ac dfg

Fig. 405 Glenodinium amphiconicum J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a, b ventral and dorsal views; c, d ventral views with triangular eyespot; e vertical view; f round protoplast retracted inside enlarged cell cover; g biconical cell 456 Species of uncertain affinities currently assigned to Glenodinium ab d c

Fig. 406 Glenodinium dangeardii Lemmermann (after Dangeard 1888). a ventral view; b, c cell division in immotile stage before and after liberation of daughter cells, respectively; d immotile cell surrounded by a thick layer of mucilage; e resting cyst

3. Glenodinium dangeardii Lemmermann 1910, p. 634, figs 37–40 (p. 580) (Fig. 406)

Glenodinium cinctum sensu Dangeard (1888, pp 127, 128, pl. V, figs 1–5)

Epicone hemispherical, smaller than the conical hypocone which is rounded at the antapex. Cingulum circular. Sulcus extends to the antapex, and slightly onto the epicone. Chloroplasts yellowish brown. Eyespot absent. Nucleus central. Cell length 33–42 µm, width 25–32 µm. Cysts thick-walled, spherical. Immotile stage enveloped by a thick layer of mucilage described by Dangeard (1888), but regarded by Lemmermann (1910) as perhaps not belonging to this species. Ecology: in ponds and swamps rich in vegetation. Geographical distribution: France (Dangeard).

4. Glenodinium denticulatum J. Schiller 1955, p. 52, pl. X, fig. 54 Fig.( 407)

Cells elliptic, not dorsoventrally compressed. Epicone slightly smaller than hypocone, rounded-conical, hypocone trapezoidal with flattened antapex. Cingulum wide, circular or slightly descending. Sulcus with sharp edges, each edge terminating into a small tooth. A third tooth is present at the left posterior end of the cell.

abc

Fig. 407 Glenodinium denticulatum J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a ventral view; b dorsal view with nucleus; c dorso-posterior view Genus 1. Glenodinium 457 bcd a e

Fig. 408 Glenodinium emarginatum G. A. Klebs (after Klebs 1912). a ventral view with cell contents; b cell cover in dorsal view, with furrows on the ventral side outlined; c cell division within parent amphiesma; d, e round cyst and dividing cyst within old amphiesma

No distinct chloroplasts, but almost colorless yellowish-green discs are probably chloroplasts. No eyespot. Large nucleus in the cell middle. Cell length 21–23 µm, width 17–19 µm. Ecology: Lake Neusiedl, Austria, late summer, at 24–28 ˚C. Geographical distribution: Austria. Note: this species may be a form of Parvodinium umbonatum.

5. Glenodinium emarginatum G. A. Klebs 1912, pp 394, 439, text-fig. 6 Fig.( 408)

Cells inverted drop-shaped. Epicone rounded conical, larger than the broadly hemispherical hypocone. Epicone with very slight excavation near the apex. Cingulum descending, sulcus wide and somewhat oval, does not extend onto the epicone. Chloroplasts elongate plate-shaped, arranged radiating along the periphery. Eye- spot absent. Cell division within the parent cell, or the cytoplasm of the cell leaves the theca through the front end of the cell or through the cingulum. Cell length 24–28 µm, width 16–20 µm. Cyst described as spherical, but there is doubt about whether it is a resting cyst. Ecology: in plant-filled container in the Botanical Garten, Buitenzorg. Geographical distribution: Indonesia.

6. Glenodinium eurystomum T. M. Harris 1940, p. 24, fig. 9K–M Fig.( 409)

Cells oval, somewhat compressed dorsoventrally. Epicone larger than hypocone. Cingulum distinct dorsally, obscure and oblique ventrally. With thin theca. Sulcus obscure and narrow on the hypocone, large but obscure on the epicone. Eyespot absent. Two chloroplasts, one in each end of the cell, pale yellow, sometimes brown. Food vacuoles often present. Maximum dimensions 17×14×8–10 µm, minimum length 10 µm. Ecology: small oligotrophic pools in peaty bog in the Reading area, England, July 1936. Geographical distribution: England. Note: the wide extension of the sulcus on the epicone is very unusual; it may be related to food uptake taking place. 458 Species of uncertain affinities currently assigned to Glenodinium ab c

Fig. 409 Glenodinium eurystomum T. M. Harris (after Harris 1940). a, b ventral views, with chloroplasts (stippled areas) and starch (small bodies) marked in a; c small cell with ingested food particle (marked with hatching)

abcde

Fig. 410 Glenodinium gessneri J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a ventral view with cell contents and lateral profile of eyespot; b–d ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively; e deformed cell with eyespot

7. Glenodinium gessneri J. Schiller 1955, p. 49, pl. IX, fig. 48 Fig.( 410)

Cells biconical, dorsoventrally strongly compressed. Epi- and hypocone of equal length. Cingulum wide and deep, very slightly descending. Sulcus wide proxi- mally, becoming more shallow at the antapex, at which point the cell cover shows a thickening. With numerous, small golden-yellow chloroplasts covering the entire cell surface. Eyespot comma-shaped when seen from the ventral side, horseshoe- shaped in lateral view. Cell size (estimated from drawings): length 37–42 µm, width 33–37 µm and 18 µm thick. Ecology: Lake Neusiedl, Austria, June 1952, at 18–20 ˚C. Geographical distribution: Austria.

8. Glenodinium glaucum Skvortsov 1968, p. 93, pl. III, fig. 1 Fig.( 411)

Cell broadly spindle-shaped or ovoid with more or less attenuated and rounded ends. Epi- and hypotheca equal in length. Longitudinal flagellum twice the length of the cell. Chloroplasts granular, blue-green or glaucous. Eyespot present, nucleus anterior. With firm and hyaline periplast. Cells 33×22 µm. Ecology: in plankton of lakes, Sungari River Valley near Harbin, Manchuria. Genus 1. Glenodinium 459 a b

Fig. 411 Glenodinium glaucum Skvortsov (after Skvortsov 1968). a optical section; b outline of vertical view

ab cd e

Fig. 412 Glenodinium helicozoster T. M. Harris (after Harris 1940). a–c different views of a specimen of the type predominant in autumn, with very pale and indefinite chloroplast; d, e ventral and dorsal views of specimen of the spring type, with more conspicuous chloroplasts

Geographical distribution: Manchuria. Note: the only characteristic feature of this organism is the presence of blue-green chloroplasts. It is probably related to other species with blue-green (cryptomonad) chloroplasts such as Nusuttodinium amphidinioides.

9. Glenodinium helicozoster T. M. Harris 1940, p. 23, fig. 8D–H Fig.( 412)

Cells oval. Epi- and hypocone of equal width or the hypocone wider. Epicone obtuse, hypocone somewhat flattened. Epicone and hypocone both dorsoventrally compressed, the hypocone more so. Theca very thin, always rigid but present only in larger cells. Cingulum distinct, descending, the ends displaced at least one cingulum width. Sulcus obvious in the hypocone, also extending onto the epicone. Many yellow, disc-shaped chloroplasts. Eyespot absent. Longitudinal flagellum as long as the cell. Maximum cell size 24×22×19 µm, normally 20 µm long, but often smaller. Ecology: in ditches and ponds with rotting leaves, October to May, Reading area. Geographical distribution: England. Note 1: the illustrations provided show cells in which the epicone is usually smaller than the hypocone. The hypocone is rounded or pointed. Harris (1940) failed to see any plates, even in large, well-developed specimens. It may belong to Gymnodinium. Note 2: this taxon differs from G. segriense mainly in size. The two taxa may be conspecific. 460 Species of uncertain affinities currently assigned to Glenodinium ab

Fig. 413 Glenodinium leptodermum T. M. Harris (after Harris 1940). a ventral view of slightly plasmolyzed cell with eyespot marked in the sulcus; b dorsal view. Areas marked with hatching represent ingested items 10. Glenodinium leptodermum T. M. Harris 1940, p. 21, fig. 7A, B Fig.( 413)

Cells oval, somewhat dorsoventrally compressed. Epi- and hypocone equal in size. Theca thin, absent in small cells. Plates not reported. Sulcus extends onto the epicone, almost reaching the apex. Eyespot small, red. Chloroplasts absent, cytoplasm colorless. Food vacuoles seen. Cells at maximum 24×16×12 µm, minimum length 14 µm. Ecology: eutrophic water in July 1936 in water butt, University, Reading. Geographical distribution: England.

11. Glenodinium limos T. M. Harris 1940, p. 25, fig. 8A–C (“limpos” in legend) (Fig. 414)

Cells dorsoventrally strongly compressed, concave ventrally. Epi- and hypocone of equal size. Hypocone with three shallow, obtuse projections. Chloroplasts not clearly seen (a single specimen observed). No eyespot. Cell length 46 µm, width 40 µm. Ecology: eutrophic pond, Reading district, February 1938.

Fig. 414 Glenodinium limos T. M. Harris (after Harris 1940). a–c ventral and dorsal views, and outline of vertical view of the same cell, respectively Genus 1. Glenodinium 461 ab

Fig. 415 Glenodinium mezii Steinecke (after Steinecke 1916). a front (dorsal?) view; b lateral view

Geographical distribution: England. Note: Harris (1940) mentions the presence of a rigid periplast but did not see plates. The shape of the posterior end, with three shallow projections, appears characteristic. However, in size and shape, it also agrees with Borghiella tenuissima, differing in the morphology of the posterior end. Like B. tenuissima, G. limos seems to be a cold-water form. A form of B. tenuissima?

12. Glenodinium mezii Steinecke 1916, p. 37, text-fig. 12 Fig.( 415)

Cells round, disc-shaped, compressed dorsoventrally. Epi- and hypocone of nearly equal size, the epicone slightly higher and weakly flattened apically, the hypocone broadly rounded and indented at the antapex. Cingulum narrow, deep with sharp edges, only distinct on the dorsal side. Sulcus difficult to see. Cell wall thin and fragile. Cytoplasm with several large vacuoles. Chloroplasts small, yellow discs in the middle of the cell. Cell length 32 µm, width 21 µm. Moves slowly. Ecology: described from the large peat bog Zehlau-Bruch near Königsberg, East Prussia (now oblast Kaliningrad, Russia), October 1913, in brown water at a temperature of ca. 4 ˚C. Geographical distribution: oblast Kaliningrad, Russia. Note: when describing this species, Steinecke mentioned a large eyespot to be present. However, the structure identified as an eyespot is located in the epicone far from the sulcus, and its identity as an eyespot needs confirmation.

13. Glenodinium peisonis J. Schiller 1955, p. 48, pl. IX, fig. 47 Fig.( 416)

Cells rounded biconical, dorsoventrally barely compressed. Sides almost straight, the cell therefore resembling a parallelogram. Epi- and hypocone of almost equal length. Cingulum circular, wide. Sulcus wide, in the posterior end barely visible. Chloroplasts relatively numerous, large, rounded, oval, yellow to yellowish-brown. Eyespot very conspicuous because of its intensely red color. Between the chloroplasts numerous red to redbrown lipid droplets. Cell length 22–25 µm, width 20–22 µm. Ecology: Lake Neusiedl, Austria, September 1950. Geographical distribution: Austria. 462 Species of uncertain affinities currently assigned to Glenodinium ab

Fig. 416 Glenodinium peisonis J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a ventral view with cell contents, the eyespot marked in front of the nucleus; b dorsal view

ab c

Fig. 417 Glenodinium pseudostigmosum Skuja (after Skuja 1964). a ventral view; b partial dorsal view; c dorsal view of cell with degenerated, pale chloroplasts and numerous small grains in the pinkish cytoplasm; d outline of cross-section

14. Glenodinium pseudostigmosum Skuja 1964, pl. LXVII, figs 24–27 (Fig. 417)

Cells broadly oval, dorsal side convex, ventral side flat or slightly concave. Epi- and hypocone of equal size or the epicone slightly longer. Epicone hemispherical, hypocone rounded angular, the right side longer than the left side. Cingulum circular or slightly descending, the ends turned slightly towards the antapex. Sulcus wider than cingulum, shallow and difficult to see, apparently continuing to the antapex. With slight pore at the apex. Numerous disc-shaped, parietal, pale yellow to yellowish-brown chloroplasts. Eyespot absent. Nucleus usually in the cell center. Cytoplasm often pinkish. Lipid droplets in both epi- and hypocone. Cell length 33–38 µm, width 27–34 µm, thickness 20–28 µm. Ecology: Lake Torneträsk, northern Sweden. Geographical distribution: Sweden. Note: this species most likely belongs in Tovellia, Jadwigia or Borghiella, judging from the anterior pore in the epicone, which probably reflects the presence of an anterior line of narrow plates. Genus 1. Glenodinium 463 a b e g h l n c n d f

i j k m

Fig. 418 Glenodinium pulvisculus (Ehrenberg) F. Stein (a–f after Ehrenberg 1838; g–m after Stein 1883). a–f cells in different views;g , h ventral and dorsal views; i, j ventral and dorsal views of cell interpreted by Stein (1883) as resulting from cell fusion; k–m stages interpreted by Stein (1883) as gamete fusion (cell division?). n nucleus

15. Glenodinium pulvisculus (Ehrenberg) F. Stein 1883, pl. III, figs 8–17 (Fig. 418)

Basionym: Peridinium pulvisculus Ehrenberg 1830, p. 38 Nomenclatural synonym: Gymnodinium pulvisculus (Ehrenberg) F. Stein 1878, pp 90, 95, 97, 104

Cells almost spherical, smooth. Epi- and hypocone equal in size, both hemispherical or broadly hemispherical. Epicone slightly wider than hypocone. Cingulum circular or slightly descending. Sulcus tapers towards the antapex, terminating before reaching the antapex. Eyespot absent. Longitudinal division seen. Cell diameter 13–24 µm. Ecology: “Berlin” (Ehrenberg 1832); swamps in Prague (Stein 1883). Geographical distribution: Czech Republic (Stein); Germany (Ehrenberg).

16. Glenodinium punctulatum T. M. Harris 1940, p. 21, fig. 7E, F Fig.( 419)

Cells oval, somewhat dorsoventrally compressed. Epi- and hypocone of same size. Theca very thin but firm, ornamented with small elongate pits. Plates not observed. Cingulum and sulcus both wide. The sulcus extends onto the epicone. Chloro- plasts absent, cytoplasm colorless, eyespot absent. Cell length 18–24 µm, width 15–18 µm, thickness 20 µm. Ecology: in large eutrophic pond, Reading area, February 1938. Geographical distribution: England. 464 Species of uncertain affinities currently assigned to Glenodinium

a b cd

f e

Fig. 419 Glenodinium punctulatum T. M. Harris (a, b after Harris 1940; c–f after Schil- ler 1955). a ventral view; b dorsal view, ingested food marked with hatching; c–f ventral, two dorsal and vertical views, respectively, of Glenodinium bieblii J. Schiller

Note: Glenodinium bieblii J. Schiller (1955, p. 48, pl. IX, fig. 46), described from Lake Neusiedl, Austria, differs in occurring in summer (at 22–24 ˚C) but is otherwise very similar and may be conspecific.

17. Glenodinium segriense P. A. Dangeard 1939, p. 280, pl. XVII, figs 9–23, 25–29, pl. XVIII, figs 1–17 Fig.( 420)

Cells ovoid, rounded biconical. Epicone broadly hemispherical or rounded conical, hypocone larger, rounded conical. Cingulum descending, the ends displaced ca. one cingulum width. Sulcus extends halfway to the antapex, on the epicone forms

ac df

v c

cn e

L be g

Fig. 420 Glenodinium segriense P. A. Dangeard (after Dangeard 1939). a, b ventral views, in b showing central nucleus and traces of amphiesmal plates; c dorsal view; d dorsal view of motile cell with peripheral chloroplasts (c), starch (s) in the epicone and vacuoles (v) in the hypocone; e cell with eyespot (e); f thick-walled cyst with numerous, small lipid bodies, elliptic chloroplasts and central red bodies; g older cyst showing lipid bodies (L), chloroplasts (c), the nucleus (n) and central red bodies Genus 1. Glenodinium 465 ab d c

Fig. 421 Glenodinium vindobonense J. Schiller (after Schiller 1955). a, b ventral views; c transverse section; d cyst a semicircular or elongate-rounded extension. With numerous yellowish brown, parietal, discoid chloroplasts. Eyespot observed in some specimens but reported absent in others. Nucleus usually in the epicone. With a few large lipid bodies. Cell length 30–40 µm, width 20–30 µm. Cells are positively phototactic. Cysts roughly hexagonal with paracingulum. Ecology: in temporary stream (desiccation up to several weeks) near Ségrie, France, during Easter 1939. Geographical distribution: France.

18. Glenodinium vindobonense J. Schiller 1955, p. 51, pl. X, fig. 51 Fig.( 421)

Cells rounded to elongated elliptic, dorsal side convex, ventral side flattened, the cell therefore somewhat flattened dorsoventrally. Epi- and hypocone of the same length, both hemispherical. Cingulum wide, circular. Sulcus extends to the antapex, becoming rounded here. On the epicone it forms a slight invagination. Chloro- plasts numerous, rounded or elongate, yellowish-brown, interspersed with numerous small lipid droplets. Eyespot elongate. Cell length 24–26 µm, width 16–20 µm. Ecology: in eutrophic concrete container in park in Vienna, particularly in summer. Geographical distribution: Austria. Note: this species differs only in small details (mainly size) from G. segriense and the two taxa may prove to be conspecific. Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description (nomina inquirenda) and invalid designations (nomina nuda and other invalidly published names) While going through the literature, we have sometimes come across descriptions of new species of dinoflagellates that are so incomplete as to render meaningful identification of the species impossible. Not surprisingly, such species have often not been refound by subsequent authors. It may be argued that the type localities of these incompletely described species could be revisited and material collected which agrees morphologically with the original description. While this would be relevant in cases of often-reported and well-described species, it is less relevant for poorly-described species not reported since the original description. What also speaks against the idea of going back to sampling at the type locality is the sad fact that many freshwater localities have changed beyond recognition since the organisms were first described, by pollution or otherwise. To select a cell at the locality as representing the original taxon may be rather arbitrary, and there seems little point in pursuing such studies. In cases of well-described species when the original description allows for the species to be recognized, the situation is different, and sampling at the type locality is important to characterize the material genetically, for comparison with morphologically similar material from other parts of the world.

Amphidinium achromaticum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 5, figs 39, 40

The taxonomic affinity of this taxon cannot be determined. It represents an unknown and probably unidentifiable uniflagellate protist (Calado & Moestrup 2005).

Amphidinium alinii Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 6, fig. 59

This organism was described with a single flagellum and bluish-green (glaucous) chloroplasts. Its identity remains obscure.

Amphidinium lefevrei Skvortsov 1968, p. 83, pl. I, fig. 6 (“lefevrii”); Amphidinium schilleri Skvortsov 1968, p. 82, pl. I, fig. 4

These two taxa do not appear to differ from each other. Whether they are dinoflagellates is uncertain.

Amphidinium nasutum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 6, “fig. 65”

There is no figure marked 65 in pl. 6 of Skvortsov (1958), but it is probably the unnumbered illustration between figs 46 and 52 (see Calado & Moestrup 2005). This exceptional flagellate with green chloroplasts is very distinct and is perhaps identifiable because of its snout. It bears little similarity to any dinoflagellate. 468 Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description Amphidinium obrae Er. Lindemann 1919, p. 218, text-figs 4, 5 ≡ Lissaïella obrae (Er. Lindemann) Er. Lindemann 1928b, p. 71

An egg-shaped organism with a short conical point. A transverse furrow is present near one end. There is no information about sulcus, flagella or internal parts. Dimensions ca. 25 × 20 µm. In slightly salty water, Bentschener See, Poland. The identity of this taxon can hardly be determined.

Amphidinium ovoideum (Lemmermann) Lemmermann 1900b, p. (115) ≡ Prorocentrum ovoideum Lemmermann 1896, p. 147, figs 1–3

This taxon was recorded from fresh water in Brazil (Bicudo & Skvortsov 1970). However, the drawings provided by Bicudo & Skvortsov, and reprinted by Pop- ovský & Pfiester (1990, p. 96, fig. 70, a, b), bear little resemblance to Amphidinium ovoideum as drawn by Lemmermann (1896, p. 147, fig. 1), who illustrates one of the marine species with a finger-like epicone, related to Amphidinium operculatum Claparède & J. Lachmann.

Exuviaella wislouchii Skvortsov 1968, p. 80, pl. I, fig. 1 (“Exuviella”)

Original description in English (Skvortsov 1968, p. 81): “Cells from the front almost spherical or broadly ellipsoid, apex truncate, the posterior pole broadly rounded, 26–30 × 19–22 µm, in sectional view compressed. Flagella two, slender, unequal, the principal wound around the cell, the lateral about 1/3 the cell long; chromatophores yellow-brown; nucleus central; oil droplets numerous; cell motion rotating forward. … Locality: In a swamp among Utricularia vulgaris in environs of Harbin.”. The Ochromonas-like cell shown in the illustration of this taxon is very unlike dinoflagellates, and its identity is therefore uncertain.

Glenodinium cosmariaeforme Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 5, fig. 32

Cells described as oval in ventral view, kidney-shaped in transverse section, compressed dorsoventrally; “membrana hyalina”; epi- and hypocone of equal length, rounded; cingulum indistinct; chloroplast green; cell length 33 µm, width 40 µm. Found in Manchuria. Although the species is described as wider than long, the illustration provided shows a cell longer than wide. The description also mentions that the epicone and hypocone are of equal length, yet the drawing clearly shows the epicone to be longer than the hypocone. The description of this species is so incomplete and confused that it should be considered a nomen inquirendum. We recommend to avoid using the name.

Glenodinium ellipsoideum Skvortsov 1968, p. 94, pl. III, fig. 5

Cells described as broadly ellipsoid, 18 × 16 µm in size; epi- and hypocone of equal length, broadly rounded; slightly compressed dorsoventrally; with numerous small, discoid, brown chloroplasts, marginal eyespot and nucleus nearly central. Found in Manchuria, in the plankton. The diagnostic features of this species do not allow it to be identified with any degree of confidence. The name should be considered a nomen inquirendum and its use discontinued. Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description 469 Glenodinium frigidum Skvortsov 1968, p. 94, pl. III, fig. 6

Cells described as variable, almost round or ovoid, moderately dorsoventrally compressed, 37 × 30 µm in size; epi- and hypotheca about equal in length; girdle more or less spiral; sulcus short and acute; many brown chloroplasts; nucleus ellipsoid; eyespot not seen. The diagnostic features of this species are not sufficient for reliable recognition. It should be considered a nomen inquirendum and its use discontinued.

Glenodinium girans Penard 1891, p. 53, pl. IV, figs 5–7

Cell discoid (only one seen!), concave ventrally, convex dorsally. Theca of large, thin plates. Cingulum distinct, making only three quarters of a turn and appearing to terminate in a flat ventral area as in Ceratium (a “shield”). The two sides of the sulcus distinct. Chloroplasts absent. Nucleus below a large central vacuole. No eyespot. Length and width: ca. 300 µm! (perhaps a mistake for 30 µm?), thickness ca. 10 µm. Cell movement quick, accompanied by rotation. Penard compares the path of the cingulum with Ceratium and his pl. IV, fig. 6 resembles a Ceratium cell seen from the posterior end. The single cell of G. girans found by Penard may have been a recently germinated cell of Ceratium (the gymnoceratium stage), or perhaps a teratological cell (see Huber & Nipkow 1923). The name was included in a list of uncertain species by Schilling (1913) and it is absent from more recent floras.

Glenodinium inaequale Schmarda 1854, pp 21, 24, pl. VI, fig. 2 ≡ Glenoaulax inaequalis (Schmarda) Diesing 1866, p. 383

Although it was made the type of a new genus, Glenoaulax Diesing (1866, pp 305, 382), the name was hardly ever used and is absent from twentieth century floras. The original description of a smooth wall, the broadly rounded cell shape and the prominent eyespot suggest a woloszynskioid. However, the lack of detailed information about the organism advises against an attempt to identify it with any currently recognized species. Labelling it a nomen inquirendum and avoiding its use will prevent name changes that are difficult to justify, and it appears to be the best option.

Glenodinium inaequale Chodat 1922, p. 90, fig. 13, nom. illeg. (non Schmarda 1854); an intended transfer to Peridiniopsis by Stein & Borden (1980, pp 3, 30, 39) was invalidly published for lack of reference to place of publication of basionym

Cells with the anterior portion longer and wider than the posterior. Cell length 20 µm, width 14–16 µm. Sulcus restricted to the posterior portion. Numerous yellowish- or golden-brown chloroplasts. An apical pore is mentioned in the description and illustrated in a drawing that shows a distinct, relatively thick cell cover. The available features point to a Parvodinium species, but the lack of information on plates impedes identification. 470 Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description Glenodinium lemmermannii O. Zacharias 1901, p. 308 (“Lemmermanni”) (illustrated in Zacharias 1903, p. 291, fig. c)

Cell described as ellipsoid with broadly rounded ends and slightly flattened on the ventral side; epi- and hypocone of similar size; cell length 60 µm, width 40 µm; sulcus restricted to the hypocone and not reaching the antapex; nucleus in the epicone and a 25–30 µm round oil body in the hypocone; numerous yellowish-brown chloroplasts; eyespot absent. The drawing in Zacharias (1903) shows a dorsal view and there is no information about the shape of the cingulum-sulcus area. The description is insufficient for a reliable identification.

Glenodinium majale Skvortsov 1958, p. 196, pl. 5, fig. 36

Cells described as pyriform, laterally compressed, with epicone much larger than hypocone; cell length 148 µm, width 74 µm; chloroplasts brown; amphiesmal plates distinct, epicone with 5 plates “frontalis equatorialis”, 1 medium and 1 apical plate; postcingular plates 4 and a single antapical; sulcus with apical (?) spine. Found in Manchuria. Skvortsov’s illustrations of this very large, thecate dinoflagellate do not match his description. Reliable identification is not possible.

Glenodinium minutum Skvortsov 1946, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 4

Cells described as widely oval to almost globose, 12 × 8.5 µm; epi- and hypocone equal in length; numerous brown, discoid chloroplasts; nucleus in the cell middle; no eyespot. Found in a pond in Manchuria. The description provides no reliable diagnostic features and the taxon cannot be identified. It should be considered a nomen inquirendum and its use discontinued.

Glenodinium pulvisculus var. depressum Virieux 1913, p. 5, pl. I, fig. 2 (“depressa”)

Cells very flattened along the apical axis, 22 µm long and 30–32 µm wide. Found in Lake Victoria near Entebbe, Uganda, Africa. The drawing provided suggests a diplopsaloid species, but further identification is not possible.

Glenodinium roseolum Schmarda 1854, pp 12, 24, pl. I, fig. 9 ≡ Gymnodinium roseolum (Schmarda) F. Stein 1878, p. 90 ≡ Amphidinium roseolum (Schmarda) J. Schiller 1932, p. 312

This organism was described with an asymmetrically located cingulum, but neither a sulcus nor a sulcal flagellum were seen. An eyespot was illustrated in the smaller part of the cell suggesting a species of Opisthoaulax. However, its identity cannot be further determined (Calado & Moestrup 2005; Calado 2011). Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description 471 Glenodinium rotundatum Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 5, fig. 34 (“rotundum” in the legend, p. 202)

Cells described as ovoid or orbicular in ventral view, lightly compressed; epi- and hypovalve of equal length; cingulum spirals slightly to the left; sulcus distinct; chloroplasts brown (“brannea”, probably a lapsus calami for brunnea), numerous; cysts embedded in mucilage; “membrana hyalina”. Found in swamp near Harbin, Manchuria. The description of this species is very confused. What the lowermost of the two figures shows is uncertain. The species can never be reliably identified. The name should be considered a nomen inquirendum and its use discontinued.

Glenodinium turfosum Skvortsov 1958, p. 196, pl. 5, fig. 35

Cells described as widely oval, with thin hyaline cover; length 39 µm, width 14 µm; epivalve broadly rounded, larger than the hypovalve; apex of the hypovalve very slightly pointed; cingulum wide; sulcus indistinct; somewhat compressed dorsally; chloroplasts brown, numerous, discoid; nucleus almost spherical, large, placed almost in the middle of the cell; eyespot absent. Found in swamp near Harbin, Man- churia. The description does not allow for identification of the species. Skvortsov (1968) mentions that the drawing was not related to the diagnosis, and changed the diagnosis (in English). We recommend to consider the name a nomen inquirendum and discourage its further use.

Glenodinium vernale Skvortsov 1968, p. 95, pl. III, fig. 7

Cells described as broadly ovate, not dorsoventrally compressed; epicone shorter than hypocone; cingulum straight (circular?), sulcus small; discoid, olive-green chloroplasts; eyespot not seen; nucleus central; length 30 µm, width 20 µm. In cold- water swamp near Harbin, Manchuria, in spring. The features presented do not allow for an identification and we suggest considering this a nomen inquirendum.

Glenodinium viride Skvortsov 1958, p. 195, pl. 5, fig. 33

Cells described as broadly ovoid, with hyaline cover (“membrana hyalina”); epicone acute, rounded, longer than the hypocone; hypocone rounded and slightly acuminate; sulcus oblique; cells slightly compressed, in transverse section kidney- shaped; nucleus elongate, kidney-shaped, positioned centrally in the epicone; chloroplasts numerous, green, small, discoid; eyespot not seen; length 22–51 µm, width 18–40 µm. The species cannot be identified and the name should not be used.

Gymnodinium biciliatum Ohno 1911, p. 91, pl. 1 ≡ Woloszynskia biciliata (Ohno) Stosch 1973, p. 131

Epi- and hypocone of almost the same length. Cingulum barely descending. With two longitudinal flagella. Cell length 21–25 µm, width 15–21 µm. Cysts often with spines. In spring near Tokyo, Japan. Cells positively phototactic. No information was provided about cell contents, but water containing large numbers of cells was described to be reddish-brown. 472 Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description Sexual reproduction was not known in dinoflagellates at the time of Ohno’s description, and he was therefore unaware that the cells he described and illustrated were planozygotes, formed by fusion of motile gametes. Such planozygotes have now been observed in many species of dinoflagellates. Some of the zygotes found by him, e. g. his fig. 21, appear to belong to the Tovelliaceae, as similar cysts are known to occur in Tovellia and Opisthoaulax. However, cyst-formation observed by Ohno resulted in cysts without spines and the spiny cysts he describes may therefore belong to different species. Bicudo & Skvortsov (1970), in material from Bra- zil, found cells that they identified as Gymnodinium biciliatum and having a single longitudinal flagellum. The cell illustrated (Bicudo & Skvortsov 1970, fig. 1) has few characters in common with the Japanese material. It is very uncertain which species Ohno was describing, and we consider this taxon as unidentifiable.

Gymnodinium depressum Skvortsov 1968, pp 88, 89, pl. II, fig. 4

This taxon was described as a dinoflagellate but there is little information about cingulum, sulcus or flagella. We consider the description to be inadequate for identification.

Gymnodinium frigidum Skvortsov 1968, p. 87, pl. II, fig. 1, nom. illeg. (non Gymnodinium frigidum Balech in Balech & El-Sayed 1965, p. 112, pl. I, figs 6, 7)

Cells described as nearly spherical with broadly rounded poles and very thin, hyaline cell cover (“membrana tenuissima”); slightly compressed dorsoventrally; chloroplasts green and discoid; eyespot not observed; flagella of equal length (?); cell length 26 µm, width 23 µm. Found in cold water swamp near Harbin, Manchuria. The cingulum was described as straight and indistinct though it is well-marked in the figure. The only information about the sulcus is that it is short. We consider the description to be inadequate for identification.

Gymnodinium olivaceum Skvortsov 1968, p. 89, pl. II, figs 6, 7

Too little information was given about cingulum, sulcus or flagella. We consider the description to be inadequate for identification.

Gymnodinium sinuatum Skvortsov 1968, p. 90, pl. II, fig. 8

Too little information was given about cingulum, sulcus or flagella. We consider the description to be inadequate for identification.

Gymnodinium terrum Baumeister 1943a, p. 336, fig. 3a

Cells colorless, shaped like a quadrangle. Epi- and hypocone both conical with slightly convex sides, equal in length. Epicone wider than hypocone. Cell length 28 µm, width 23–27 µm. Cells swim slowly with sudden jumps. Found in grassy hollows in Germany. The description provides no information about cingulum, sulcus or cells contents, and only a silhouette is used as an illustration. Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description 473 A long series of Hemidinium species was described by Skvortsov (1958, 1968) from Eastern Asia. Most species were described in a very incomplete way, often with single illustrations that did not differ significantly from each other. Being a genus with a difficult taxonomy, the many new and incompletely described species increase the confusion, and we eventually gave up trying to include them in this book. The list of poorly described species includes:

Hemidinium animale Skvortsov 1968, p. 99, pl. IV, fig. 6

Hemidinium aquae-frigidae Skvortsov 1968, p. 100, pl. IV, fig. 10 (“aquae frigidae”)

Hemidinium kisselewii Skvortsov 1968, p. 98, pl. IV, fig. 4

Hemidinium kofoidii Skvortsov 1968, p. 101, pl. IV, fig. 11

Hemidinium lindemannii Skvortsov 1968, p. 102, pl. IV, fig. 12 (“Lindemanni”)

Hemidinium mucosum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 5, fig. 21

Hemidinium oculatum Skvortsov 1958, p. 194, pl. 5, fig. 26 (“occulatum”)

Hemidinium olivaceum Skvortsov 1968, p. 100, pl. IV, fig. 8

Hemidinium woloszynskae Skvortsov 1968, p. 102, pl. IV, fig. 13 (“woloszynkas” in text)

Peridinium corpusculum Perty 1852, p. 162, pl. VII, fig. 14 ≡ Proaulax corpusculum (Perty) Diesing 1866, p. 383 ≡ Gymnodinium corpusculum (Perty) Kent 1881, p. 443

Described with epi- and hypocone of different sizes. The illustrations show a number of aspects that are difficult to interpret. Reliable identification is not possible.

Peridinium planulum Perty 1852, p. 162, pl. VII, fig. 17 ≡ Glenodinium planulum (Perty) Diesing 1866, p. 392

The shape and color suggest a species of the Peridinium cinctum group. However, the lack of information about plates prevents further identification. 474 Species that cannot be identified due to insufficient description Peridinium truncatum O. Zacharias 1903, p. 292, fig. d

Upper half with concave sides, with a short spine on each side, lower part almost semicircular, sometimes angular. Rather dark brown. Length 62 µm, width 66 µm, thickness 54 µm. Plankton sample, alpine lake Aschensee, Austria (Tyrol), Au- gust 1902. The identity of this taxon is presently unknown.

Peridinium uberrimum G. J. Allman 1854, p. 119 (“Peridinia uberrima”) ≡ Melodinium uberrimum (G. J. Allman) Kent 1881, p. 445 ≡ Gymnodinium uberrimum (G. J. Allman) Kofoid & Swezy 1921, p. 264

Gymnodinioid cells originally described as covered with vibratile cilia (illustrated in Allman 1855). The well-defined, apparently stiff cover without visible plates suggests a woloszynskioid, but the available characters are insufficient even for a reliable generic assignment. The purported presence of cilia outside the cingulum led Kent (1881, pp 440, 445) to propose the new genus Melodinium. The generic name did not catch on and the statement that the genus was ‘provisionally estab- lished’ (Kent 1881, p. 445) arguably renders the name invalidly published (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 36.1).

Prorocentrum manshuricum Skvortsov 1958, p. 193, pl. 5, fig. 28

The identity of this taxon is very uncertain. It bears little resemblance to Prorocen- trum, differing in having a single flagellum arising from a papilla and numerous discoid chloroplasts. Invalidly published designations

Amphidinium glaucovirescens J. Schiller 1955, p. 25, pl. I, fig. 10

Cells round-ovoid, not compressed dorsoventrally. Epicone bonnet shaped, hypocone almost hemispherical. Hypocone approximately twice the length of the epicone. Cingulum descending, wide, the ends slightly displaced. Sulcus also wide. Three large bluish chloroplasts or ingested cyanobacteria. Cytoplasm with numerous small lipid droplets and irregular grains. Cell length 16–18 µm, width 14–16 µm. Ecology and geographical distribution: Ruster Kanal of Lake Neusiedl, winter, at 1–7˚C. Austria. Schiller noted the naming of this species as preliminary (“ad int.”) and it is therefore invalidly published according to the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 36.1, Ex. 6). It is perhaps a species of Nusuttodinium.

Amphidinium obliquum J. Schiller 1955, p. 24, pl. I, fig. 8

Cells spherical to ovoid. Epicone flat, asymmetric, hypocone hemispherical, the left side of the cell more curved than the right side. Hypocone 2–3× the length of the epicone. Cingulum narrow, circular. Sulcus wide, narrowing midway towards the antapex but widening again at the antapex. Approximately 10–12 light-brown chloroplasts, rounded, disc-shaped. Cell length 12 µm, width 10–11 µm. Ecology and geographical distribution: Ruster Kanal of Lake Neusiedl, Septem- ber 1951. Austria. Schiller indicated that the proposed designation was preliminary (“ad interd.”) and it is therefore invalidly published according to the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 36.1). It is a poorly described species, based only on two fixed cells, and there seems to be little point in validating the name.

Glenodinium regulare Massart 1901, p. 82, nomen nudum (name in a list)

Gymnodinium frigidum Wołoszyńska 1952, p. 312, pl. III, fig. 5, nomen nudum (no description)

Gymnodinium gracile Lackey 1942, p. 193 (“gracilis”), nomen nudum (provisional name in a list); non Gymnodinium gracile Bergh 1881, pp 251, 255, figs 68, 69

Peridinium umbonatum var. toporense Wołoszyńska 1952, p. 314, pl. X, figs 1–4, nomen nudum (no description) List of taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties appearing in this book

New orders

Amphidiniales Moestrup & Calado ordo nov. Tovelliales Moestrup & Calado ordo nov.

New families

Amphidiniaceae Moestrup & Calado fam. nov. Gyrodiniaceae Moestrup & Calado fam. nov. Sphaerodiniaceae Moestrup & Calado fam. nov.

New genera

Matvienkoella Moestrup & Calado gen. nov. Speroidium Moestrup & Calado gen. nov.

New species

Gymnodinium alaskense Bursa ex Moestrup & Calado sp. nov. Gymnodinium astigmatum Moestrup & Calado sp. nov. Gymnodinium intermedium Moestrup & Calado sp. nov. Gymnodinium leptostauron Moestrup & Calado sp. nov. Gymnodinium spirodinioides Moestrup & Calado sp. nov. Hemidinium nobile Skuja ex Moestrup & Calado sp. nov. Peridinium corrientes Moestrup sp. nov.

New variety

Actiniscus pentasterias var. arcticus Bursa ex Moestrup & Calado var. nov.

New names

Gymnodinium lividum Moestrup & Calado nom. nov. Gymnodinium thompsonii Kisselev ex Moestrup & Calado nom. nov. Gymnodinium vernum Moestrup nom. nov. Nusuttodinium limneticum Moestrup & Calado nom. nov. Stylodinium quadrangulare Moestrup & Calado nom. nov. 478 List of taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties appearing in this book New combinations

Apocalathium aciculiferum var. inerme (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Apocalathium aciculiferum var. juratense (Chodat & F. Chodat) Moestrup & Ca- lado comb. nov. Biecheleria aesculus (Baumeister) Moestrup comb. nov. Biecheleria cestocoetes (R. H. Thompson) Moestrup comb. nov. Biecheleria ordinata (Skuja) Moestrup comb. nov. Biecheleria ordinata var. sparsa (Popovský) Moestrup comb. nov. Borghiella marylandica (R. H. Thompson) Moestrup comb. nov. Borghiella pascheri (Suchlandt) Moestrup comb. nov. Borghiella silvatica (Er. Lindemann) Moestrup comb. nov. Borghiella woloszynskae (Pascher) Moestrup comb. nov. Chimonodinium baliense (Er. Lindemann) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Chimonodinium brasiliense (Borics & Grigorszky) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Chimonodinium godlewskii (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Chimonodinium granulosum (Playfair) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Chimonodinium keyense (Nygaard) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Chimonodinium lomnickii var. minus (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov. Cystodinium cornifax var. tenuirostre (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Gloeodinium montanum var. tatricum (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium aeschrum (T. M. Harris) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium elongatum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Gymnodinium fontinale (C. E. M. Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium hyperxanthoides (T. M. Harris) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium hyperxanthum (T. M. Harris) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium kesslitzii (J. Schiller) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium kesslitzii var. sanctipaulense (C. E. M. Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moes- trup comb. nov. Gymnodinium mazuricum (Javornický) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium mucicola (W. Conrad) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium partitum (Perty) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium planum (Fott) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium pratense (Baumeister) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium pusillum var. minus (Skuja) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium radiatum (Javornický) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Gymnodinium ruttneri (J. Schiller) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium sanctipaulense (C. E. M. Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium schilleri (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov. Gymnodinium sphagnicola (W. Conrad) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Gymnodinium vierae (Javornický) Moestrup comb. nov. Gyrodinium molopicum (T. M. Harris) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Jadwigia hiemalis (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov. Jadwigia limnetica (Bursa) Moestrup comb. nov. Jadwigia neglecta (A. J. Schilling) Moestrup comb. nov. Matvienkoella ovum (Bourrelly) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. New combinations 479 Naiadinium lubieniensiforme (Diwald) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium bidentatum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium caerulescens (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium campaniforme (Popovský) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium crassifilum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium cyaneum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium eucyaneum (H. J. Hu) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium hiemale (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium indicum (Shyam & Sarma) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium lacunarum (Skuja) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium montanum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium oculatum (J. Schiller) Moestrup comb. nov. Nusuttodinium phthartum (Skuja) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Nusuttodinium viride (Penard) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Parvodinium africanum var. spinulosum (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov. Parvodinium africanum var. tatricum (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov. Parvodinium centenniale var. ovale (Playfair) Moestrup comb. nov. Parvodinium dzieduszyckii (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov. Parvodinium inconspicuum var. armatum (Lemmermann) Moestrup comb. nov. Parvodinium morzinense var. papilliferum (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Parvodinium umbonatum var. armatum (M. Lefèvre) Moestrup comb. nov. Parvodinium umbonatum var. papilliferum (Lemmermann) Moestrup comb. nov. Parvodinium umbonatum var. spiniferum (M. Lefèvre) Moestrup comb. nov. Peridiniopsis cunningtonii var. excavata (M. Lefèvre) Moestrup comb. nov. Peridiniopsis cunningtonii var. treubii (Wołoszyńska) Moestrup comb. nov. Peridiniopsis hiemalis (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Peridiniopsis pygmaea var. brigantina (Er. Lindemann) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Peridiniopsis pygmaea var. brigantino-armata (M. Lefèvre) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Peridiniopsis quadridens var. adens (Entz) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Peridinium gatunense var. carinatum (Steinecke & Er. Lindemann) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Peridinium volzii var. maeandricum (Lauterborn) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Speroidium austriacum (J. Schiller) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Speroidium fungiforme (Anisimova) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Stylodinium baumeisteri (C. E. M. Bicudo & Skvortsov) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Unruhdinium armebeense (Ten-Hage, K. P. Da & Couté) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Unruhdinium durandii (S. Rodriguez, Couté, Ten-Hage & Mascarell) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Unruhdinium penardii var. maius (Er. Lindemann) Moestrup & Calado comb. nov. Literature

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Environmental Research & Technology Transfer Conference, Proceedings, vol. 1. Ministry of the Envi- ronment, Ontario, pp 393–396 Znachor P, Nedoma J (2004) Cell specific primary production of autotrophic and mixotrophic phytoplankton in acidified lakes of the bohemian forest. Arch Hydrobiol, Suppl 152:141–155 (Algol. Stud.112) Zohary T, Nishri A, Sukenik A (2012) Present-absent: a chronicle of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense from Lake Kinneret. Hydrobiologia 698:161–174 Index All formal names of taxa at the rank of genus or below are printed in italics. Page numbers in bold indicate entries for recognized taxa; numbers in italics mark the pages where names are found in identification keys; bold-italics indicates illustrations; regular type is used for other mentions of a taxon. Names of genera are listed in their alphabetic position, followed by the indented list of specific and infra specific taxa mentioned in each genus. To facilitate the search for names of taxa that have recently changed genus, specific epithets are included in their alphabetic position followed by the generic names; and the last epithet of infraspecific taxa is followed by the species name and the rank indication.

A adens, Peridinium quadridens f. 243 absumens, Gymnodinium 77 adens, Peridinium quadridens var. 243 acerosum, Cystodinium 394, 396, 396 adpressa, Phytodinedria 420, 420, 421 achromaticum, Amphidinium 467 aeruginea, Phytodinedria 420, 420, 421 achromaticum, Amphidinium tatrae f. 355 aeruginosum, Gymnodinium 145, 146 achromaticum, Peridinium 289 aeruginosum, Nusuttodinium 46, 143, 145, achromaticum, Protoperidinium 284, 289, 290 146, 151 achroum, Cystodinium 405 aeschrum, Amphidinium 74 achroum, Gymnodinium 77 aeschrum, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 76 achroum, Gymnodinium helveticum f. 160, aesculum, Gymnodinium 348 162 aesculus, Biecheleria 346, 348, 348 aciculiferum, Apocalathium 28, 30, 33, 36, aestivale, Gymnodinium 125 299, 300, 301, 305 africanum, Parvodinium 29, 206, 207, 210, aciculiferum, Glenodinium 300 211 aciculiferum, Peridinium 28, 300 africanum, Peridinium 29, 210 aciculiferum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 300 africanum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 211 acidotum, Gymnodinium 46, 144, 146 africanum (Bourrelly) Bourrelly, Stylodinium, acidotum, Nusuttodinium 46, 143, 144, 144, nom. illeg. 435 146, 152 africanum Bourrelly, Stylodinium 429, 430, Actiniscaceae 61, 62 431, 435 Actinisceae 62 africanus, Dinococcus 435 Actiniscus 62, 62, 64 alaskense, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 76, 77 –– canadensis 62, 63, 64 alatum, Gymnodinium 297 –– pentasterias 62 alatum, Peridinium 262 –– pentasterias var. arcticus 62, 62, 63 albulum, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 72, 73, 77, acuminatum, Gymnodinium, nom. inval. 346 77, 102 acuminatum, Peridinium striolatum f. 260 alinii, Amphidinium 467 acuminatum, Peridinium striolatum var. 260, allorgei, Peridinium 270, 270 260 alsiophilum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 78, 79 acuta, Apsteinia 287 amazonica, Peridiniopsis 31, 226, 227, 229 acuta, Diplopsalis 21, 287 ambigua, Diplopsalis 286 acuta, Entzia 287 ambiguum, Glenodinium 10, 286 acuta, Kolkwitziella 21, 287, 288 ambiguum, Kansodinium 10, 286, 286 acutum, Glenodinium 287 ambiguum, Peridinium 210 acutum, Peridinium 287 amphiconicoides, Gymnodinium 141 adens, Peridiniopsis quadridens var. 243, 244 amphiconicum, Glenodinium 453, 455, 455 532 Index

Amphidiniaceae VIII, 60 –– ruttneri 127 Amphidiniales VIII, 13, 52, 53, 60 –– sauerzopfii 355 amphidinioides, Amphidinium 147 –– schilleri 467 amphidinioides, Gymnodinium 147 –– skujae 355 amphidinioides, Nusuttodinium 46, 144, 147, –– sphagnicola 130 148, 155, 459 –– steinii 60, 61 Amphidiniopsis 7, 181, 284, 284 –– tatrae 355 –– kofoidii 284 –– tatrae f. achromaticum 355 –– sibbaldii 284, 285 –– tenagodes 355 Amphidinium VIII, 4, 14, 60, 65, 355 –– turicense 355 –– achromaticum 467 –– vernale 355 –– aeschrum 74 –– vigrense 147, 148 –– alinii 467 –– viride 357 –– amphidinioides 147 –– vorax 357 –– bidentatum 149 anauniensis, Baldinia 40, 321, 321, 322 –– bourrellyi 147, 148 andersenii, Borghiella 323, 324, 325, 327 –– caerulescens 144, 150, 150 andrzejowskii, Peridinium 196 –– coprosum 147, 148, 149 anglicum, Peridinium 202 –– cryophilum 88 anglicum, Peridinium apiculatum f. 202 –– elenkinii 355 anglicum, Peridinium laeve subsp. 202 –– eucephalum 355 anglicum, Peridinium palatinum f. 203 –– geitleri, nom. illeg. 147 angulatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 246 –– glaucovirescens, nom. inval. 475 angulatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 246 –– gyrinum 355 angulosum, Peridinium geminum var. 220 –– hyalinum 355 animale, Hemidinium 333, 334, 473 –– inconstans 355 apentasterias, Pseudoactiniscus 64, 65 –– kesslitzii 99 apiculata, Gonyaulax 179 –– kesslitzii var. sanctipaulense 100 apiculata, Tovellia 374, 375, 377 –– klebsii 61 apiculata, Woloszynskia 375 –– lacunarum 154 apiculatum Ehrenberg, Glenodinium 160, 202 –– lacustre 46, 355 apiculatum O. Zacharias, Glenodinium, nom. –– larvale 355 illeg. 160 –– lefevrei 467 apiculatum, Gymnodinium helveticum var. 160 –– lohammarii 357 apiculatum (Ehrenberg) Claparède & J. Lach- –– luteum 356 mann, Peridinium 179, 202 –– mucicola 111 apiculatum Penard, Peridinium, nom. –– multiplex 357 illeg. 179 –– nasutum 467 apiculatum, Peridinium berolinense var. 297, –– obliquum, nom. inval. 475 298 –– obrae 468 apiculatum, Properidinium 202 –– oculatum 156 apiculatum, Tyrannodinium berolinense –– operculatum 60, 468 var. 297 –– operculatum var. steinii 60 apiculatus, Palatinus 181, 202, 202, 203, 205 –– ovoideum 468 Apocalathium 292, 298, 299, 306 –– phthartum 157 –– aciculiferum 28, 30, 33, 36, 299, 300, –– pusillum 99, 100 301, 305 –– radiatum 124 –– aciculiferum var. inerme 300, 302, 302 –– roseolum 470 –– aciculiferum var. juratense 299, 302, 303 Index 533

–– baicalense 30, 299, 303, 303 austriaca, Massartia 296 –– euryceps 30, 299, 304, 304 austriacum, Ceratium hirundinella morpho- –– malmogiense 28, 30, 300, 305, 306 type 167, 167 apoda, Peridinium bipes f., nom. inval. 274 austriacum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 80, 81 applanata, Jadwigia 361, 362, 362, 363 austriacum, Katodinium 296 Apsteinia austriacum, Speroidium 294, 296, 296 –– acuta 287 autumnale Christen, Gymnodinium, nom. aquae-frigidae, Hemidinium 333, 334, 473 inval. 104 arcticus, Actiniscus pentasterias var. 62, 62, autumnale Skvortsov, Gymnodinium 145, 146 63 aveirensis, Tovellia 374, 378, 378 arenicola, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 79, 79 areolatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 246 areolatum, Peridinium westii var. 246 B armata, Bourrellyella 413 Bagredinium armatum, Dinastridium 411, 413, 413 –– crenulatum 278 armatum, Parvodinium inconspicuum baicalense, Apocalathium 30, 299, 303, 303 var. 222, 222 baicalense, Gymnodinium 30, 68, 69, 81, 81 armatum, Parvodinium umbonatum var. 209, baicalense, Peridinium 30, 303 209 balatonicum, Peridinium inconspicuum armatum, Peridinium inconspicuum f. 222 var. 220 armatum, Peridinium inconspicuum var. 222 Baldinia 320, 321, 321 armatum, Peridinium umbonatum f. 209 –– anauniensis 40, 321, 321, 321 armatum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 209 –– bernardinensis 321, 322, 323 armatum, Tetradinium chiastosporum var. 86 baliense, Chimonodinium 29, 299, 310, 311 armebeense, Unruhdinium 190, 191, 192 baliense, Peridinium 9, 29, 310 armebeensis, Peridiniopsis 191 baltica, Durinskia 187, 188, 188 armoricanum, Gymnodinium 134 balticum, Glenodinium 188 asiaticum, Hypnodinium 419 balticum, Peridinium 188 astigmatum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 80, 80 bataviense, Cystodinium 388, 392, 394, 394, astigmatum, Gymnodinium neglectum var. 364 395 astigmatum, Katodinium, nom. inval. 80 baumeisteri, Dinopodiella 431 astigmosum, Gymnodinium paradoxum f. 136, baumeisteri, Gymnodinium 67, 68, 82, 82 137 baumeisteri, Stylodinium 429, 431, 431 Asulcocephalium 320, 344, 345, 345 bavariense, Stylodinium 429 –– miricentonis IX, 345, 346 belizense, Parvodinium 207, 214, 215 asymmetricum, Gymnodinium 133 belizense, Peridinium 214 asymmetricum, Gyrodinium 133 berghii, Glenodinium 454 auburnense, Peridinium striolatum f. 260 bernardinense, Bernardinium 33, 360, 361 auburnense, Peridinium striolatum var. 260, bernardinense, Glenodinium 322 260 bernardinensis, Baldinia 321, 322, 323 auratum, Katodinium 68, 158, 159 Bernardinium 7, 359, 360 aureum, Phytodinium 426, 427, 427 –– bernardinense 33, 360, 361 australe, Peridinium 269, 277 berolinense, Glenodinium 297 australe, Peridinium tabulatum var. westii berolinense, Peridinium 8, 297 f. 269 berolinense, Tyrannodinium 296, 297 australe, Peridinium volzii var. 265 berolinensis, Peridiniopsis 297, 404 australicum, Glenodinium 10, 184, 364, 365 beta/epsilon-collineatum, Peridinium cinctum austriaca, Gonyaulax 179 var. 246 534 Index beta-collineatum, Peridinium guestrowiense –– tenuissima 13, 323, 329, 329, 381, 461 var. 265 –– woloszynskae 323, 329, 330, 330 beta-collineatum, Peridinium semicirculatum Borghiellaceae 19, 20, 53, 319, 320, 321 var. 247 botanicum, Peridinium volzii var. 268, 268 beta-delta-bitravectum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi botanicum, Peridinium willei var. 268 var. 238 Bourrellyella 9, 411 biciliata, Woloszynskia 471 –– armata 413 biciliatum, Gymnodinium 471, 472 bourrellyi, Amphidinium 147, 148 bicollineatum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi brachyceroides, Ceratium furcoides morpho- var. 238 type 175, 176 bicorne, Cystodinium 414 brachyceros, Ceratium 165, 168, 169 bicornis, Dinococcus 414, 416 brachyceros, Ceratium hirundinella var. 168 bicornis, Raciborskia 414 brasiliense, Chimonodinium 30, 300, 310, 311 bidentatum, Amphidinium 149 brasiliense, Cystodinium bataviense var. 396, bidentatum, Nusuttodinium 144, 149, 149 396 bieblii, Glenodinium 464, 464 brasiliense, Cystodinium phaseolus var. 408, Biecheleria 320, 345, 345 409 –– aesculus 346, 348, 348 brasiliense, Hemidinium 332 –– cestocoetes 346, 348, 349 brasiliense, Peridinium 30, 310 –– ordinata 345, 346, 349, 350 brevipes, Cystodinium 390, 414 –– ordinata var. sparsa 350, 350 brigantina, Peridiniopsis pygmaea var. 241, –– pseudopalustris 27, 344, 345, 346, 346, 241 347 brigantino-armata, Peridiniopsis pygmaea bipes, Peridinium 28, 31, 36, 181, 272, 272, var. 241, 242 273 brigantino-armatum, Peridinium pygmaeum biradiatum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi var. 238 f. 241 bisaetosum, Cystodinium 398 brigantinum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi f. 238 bisaetosum, Gymnodinium 398 brigantinum, Peridinium pygmaeum f. 241 biscutelliforme, Glenodinium gymnodinium brunnea, Cystodinedria 389, 389, 390 var. 315 bryophyticum, Hemidinium 332, 333, 334 biscutelliforme, Naiadinium 315 Bursaria bitravectum, Peridinium laeve var. 204 –– hirundinella 3, 165 blax, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 82, 83 Bysmatrum 306 bogoriense, Gymnodinium 33, 68, 71, 83, 83 bohemicum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 84, 84 bohemicum, Katodinium 84 C boliviensis, Peridiniopsis cristata var. 231, caerulescens, Amphidinium 144, 150, 150 231 caerulescens, Gymnodinium 149 borgei, Glenodinium 227 caerulescens, Nusuttodinium 144, 149, 149 borgei, Peridiniopsis 5, 8, 20, 21, 32, 226, Calciodinellaceae 298 227, 227, 228 calcisporum, Theleodinium 25, 317, 318, 319 borgei, Peridinium 227 californicum, Peridinium penardii f. 187, 192 Borghiella 320, 321, 322, 323, 359, 462 campaniforme, Gymnodinium 150 –– andersenii 323, 324, 325, 327 campaniforme, Nusuttodinium 143, 150, 150 –– dodgei 33, 322, 323, 324, 324, 327, 329 campylops, Katodinium 368 –– marylandica 323, 325, 326 campylops, Massartia 368 –– pascheri 323, 326, 327 campylops, Opisthoaulax 366, 368, 368 –– silvatica 323, 328, 328 canadensis, Actiniscus 62, 63, 64 Index 535 cancer, Closterium 398 –– hirundinella morphotype robustum 167, carinatum, Gymnodinium 113 168 carinatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 253 –– hirundinella morphotype scotticum 167, carinatum, Peridinium gatunense var. 253, 168 254 –– hirundinella var. brachyceros 168 carinthiacum, Ceratium hirundinella morpho- –– hirundinella var. furcoides 174 type 167, 167 –– kumaonense 165 carinthiacum, Peridinium willei var. 262 –– longicorne 165 caroliniana, Dimastigoaulax 168 –– macroceras 165 carolinianum, Ceratium 10, 164, 165, 168, –– monoceras 165, 176, 177 170 –– rhomvoides 164, 165, 167, 175, 177, 178 carolinianum, Peridinium 168 –– tetraceras 164, 165 carpaticum, Peridinium wierzejskii f., nom. cestocoetes, Biecheleria 346, 348, 349 inval. 309 cestocoetes, Gymnodinium 348 caudatum, Gymnodinium 67, 84, 85 cestocoetes, Woloszynskia 348 caudatum, Peridinium 220 chalubinskii, Peridinium 256 caudatum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 220 charkowiense, Peridinium 239 centenniale, Parvodinium 207, 215, 216 charkowiensis, Peridiniopsis 237, 239, 239 centenniale, Peridinium 215 chiastosporum, Dinastridium 85 centenniale, Peridinium umbonatum var. 215 chiastosporum, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 85, cerasiforme, Stylodinium 429, 431, 432, 438 86, 137 Ceratiaceae 163, 163 chiastosporum, Tetradinium 85 Ceratium 3, 4, 9, 10, 36, 53, 164, 469 Chimonodinium 292, 298, 299, 306 –– brachyceros 165, 168, 169 –– baliense 29, 299, 310, 311 –– carolinianum 10, 164, 165, 168, 170 –– brasiliense 30, 300, 310, 311 –– carolinianum var. elongatum 171, 171 –– godlewskii 300, 312, 312 –– cornutum 164, 165, 172, 173 –– granulosum 299, 300, 312, 313 –– curvirostre 168 –– keyense 300, 314, 314 –– elongatum, nom. inval. 171 –– lomnickii 25, 31, 300, 306, 307 –– furca var. lacustre 174 –– lomnickii var. minus 308, 308 –– furcoides 30, 34, 35, 164, 165, 174, 174, –– lomnickii var. splendidum 299, 308, 309 175, 176, 177, 178 –– lomnickii var. wierzejskii 300, 309, 310 –– furcoides morphotype brachycer- christenii, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 86, 87 oides 175, 176 cincta, Vorticella 3, 246 –– furcoides morphotype furcoides 175, 176 cinctiforme, Peridinium volzii var. 265, 268, –– furcoides morphotype silesiacum 176, 176 269 –– furcoides morphotype yuennanense 176, cinctum, Glenodinium 184, 195, 339, 344, 176 453, 454, 455, 456 –– handelii 174 cinctum (Ehrenberg) Claparède & J. Lachmann, –– hirundinella 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 164, Peridinium, nom. illeg. 454 165, 165, 166, 167, 175, 177 cinctum (O. F. Müller) Ehrenberg, Peri- –– hirundinella morphotype austriacum 167, dinium 245, 246, 246, 248, 411, 473 167 Cleistoperidinium, Peridinium sect. 246 –– hirundinella morphotype carinthi- Cleistoperidinium, Peridinium subg. 181, 198, acum 167, 167 199, 245, 246 –– hirundinella morphotype gracile 167, 167 clevei, Gonyaulax 179, 180 –– hirundinella morphotype piburgense 167, clevei, Gonyaulax apiculata var. 179 168 536 Index

Closterium corrientes, Peridinium 280, 281 –– cancer 398 cosmariaeforme, Glenodinium 468 closterium, Cystodinium 393, 396, 397 cracoviense, Gloeodinium 443, 445, 446 cnecoides, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 87, 87 cracoviense, Sphaerodinium 40, 339, 341, 342 coconiformis, Phytodinedria 424 crassifilum, Katodinium 151 coeruleum Dogiel, Gymnodinium 160 crassifilum, Massartia 151 coeruleum N.L. Antipova, Gymnodinium, nom. crassifilum, Nusuttodinium 143, 151, 151 illeg. 160 crassum, Cystodinium closterium var. 397, collineatum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi var. 238 397 collineatum, Peridinium marchicum var. simplex crenulatum, Bagredinium 278 f. 238 crenulatum, Peridinium 10, 278, 278 coloradense, Dinamoebidium 59, 59 cristata, Peridiniopsis 227, 229, 230 coloradensis, Dinamoeba 59 cristatum, Glenodinium 229 colymbeticum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 88, 88 cristatum, Peridinium apiculatum var. 203 complexum, Peridinium volzii f. 266, 267 cristatum, Peridinium cinctum var. tuberosum compressa, Exuviaella 448 f. 253 compressa, Pyxidicula 448 cristatum, Peridinium laeve subsp. marssonii compressum, Peridinium guestrowiense f. 267 f. 203 compressum, Peridinium volzii f. 267, 267 cristatum, Peridinium palatinum f. 203 concavum, Gymnodinium 348 cruciatum (Massart) J. Schiller, Gymno- conchaeforme, Cystodinium 393, 397, 398 dinium 132 conicum, Peridinium intermedium var. 211 cruciatum R. H. Thompson, Gymnodinium, contactum, Peridinium africanum var. 211 nom. illeg. 132 contactum, Peridinium inconspicuum var., nom. cruciferum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi var. 238 inval. 220 cryophilum, Amphidinium 88 contactum, Peridinium laeve subsp. marssonii cryophilum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 88, 89 var. 204 cucumis, Peridinium 263 contactum, Peridinium linzium var., nom. cunningtonii, Peridiniopsis 181, 233, 234 inval. 222 cunningtonii, Peridinium 9, 233 contactum, Peridinium lubieniense var. 222 curvatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 246 contactum, Peridinium munusculum var. 220 curvirostre, Ceratium 168 contortum, Peridinium elpatiewskyi var. 238 cyaneum H. J. Hu, Gymnodinium, nom. coprosum, Amphidinium 147, 148, 149 inval. 152 corillionii, Peridiniopsis 187, 193, 194 cyaneum J. Schiller, Gymnodinium 151 cornifax, Cystodinium 394, 398, 399, 404, 411 cyaneum, Nusuttodinium 143, 151, 152 cornifax, Glenodinium 398 cyclicum, Peridinium guestrowiense var. 265 cornifax, Gymnodinium 398 cyclicum, Peridinium volzii f. 265 cornifax, Gymnodinium fuscum var. 398 Cystodinedria 7, 389, 389, 393 cornuta, Dimastigoaulax 172 –– brunnea 389, 389, 390 cornutum, Ceratium 164, 165, 172, 173 –– inermis 389, 390, 391 cornutum, Peridinium 172 –– maxima 389, 391, 392 coronata, Tovellia 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, –– obtusata 389, 391, 393 386 Cystodinium 6, 45, 87, 389, 392, 393, 405, 411 coronata, Woloszynskia 375 –– acerosum 394, 396, 396 coronatum, Gymnodinium 375 –– achroum 405 corpusculum, Gymnodinium 473 –– bataviense 388, 392, 394, 394, 395 corpusculum, Peridinium 473 –– bataviense var. brasiliense 396, 396 corpusculum, Proaulax 473 –– bicorne 414 Index 537

–– bisaetosum 398 Desmomastix 7, 14, 57 –– brevipes 390, 414 –– globosa 57, 58 –– closterium 393, 396, 397 Desmomonadales 57 –– closterium var. crassum 397, 397 devorans, Gymnodinium 77 –– conchaeforme 393, 397, 398 Dictyocha, Gruppe Actiniscus 62 –– cornifax 394, 398, 399, 404, 411 diexiensis, Tovellia 380 –– cornifax var. tenuirostre 400, 400 Dimastigoaulax 164 –– dimorphe 394, 400, 401 –– caroliniana 168 –– dirhamphos 394, 401, 402 –– cornuta 172 –– dominii 393, 401, 402 dimidio-minus, Cystodinium steinii var. 398 –– grabenseei 394, 402, 403 dimorphe, Cystodinium 394, 400, 401 –– guttatum 394, 403, 403 dimorphe, Gymnocystodinium 400 –– heterorhamphos 394, 404, 404 dimorphe, Gymnodinium 400 –– hyalinum 393, 404, 405 Dinamoeba 59 –– iners 398, 399 –– coloradensis 59 –– interspersum 427 –– varians 59 –– lunare 394, 405, 406 Dinamoebaceae 58 –– minimum 394, 406, 406 Dinamoebidiaceae 58 –– novaculosum 398 Dinamoebidiales 13, 52, 58 –– pallidulum 394, 406, 407 Dinamoebidium 7, 14, 59 –– papilionaceum 394, 407, 407 –– coloradense 59, 59 –– phaseolus 394, 401, 407, 408 –– varians 59 –– phaseolus var. brasiliense 408, 409 Dinastridium 9, 389, 411 –– schilleri 398 –– armatum 411, 413, 413 –– sonfonense 394, 409, 409 –– chiastosporum 85 –– steinii 398 –– inerme 411, 413, 413 –– steinii f. tenuirostre 400 –– sexangulare 411, 411, 412 –– steinii var. dimidio-minus 398 –– verrucosum 411 –– unicorne 87, 394, 410, 410, 411 dinobryonis, Glenodinium 281 dinobryonis, Peridiniopsis 281 dinobryonis, Staszicella 280, 281, 282, 428 D Dinococcus 57, 389, 414 dadayi, Lophodinium 338 –– africanus 435 dangeardii, Glenodinium 454, 456, 456 –– bicornis 414, 416 danubiense, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 89, 89 –– incus 414, 416, 416 deflandrei, Parvodinium 207, 217, 218 –– inermis 390 deflandrei, Peridinium 217 –– oedogonii 414, 414, 415 deflandrei, Peridinium umbonatum var. 217 DINOPHYCEAE 57 deformabile, Gymnodinium, nom. inval. 83 Dinopodiella 428 delta/epsilon-travectum, Peridinium cinctum –– baumeisteri 431 var. 247 –– gracilis 432 denticulatum, Glenodinium 454, 456, 456 –– phaseolus 434 depressum, Glenodinium pulvisculus var. 470 Dinosphaera 182 depressum, Gymnodinium 472 –– palustris 31, 182, 183 Desmocapsa 7 Dinosphaeraceae 181, 182 Desmomastigaceae 57 Dinothrix 7 Desmomastigales 13, 52, 57 Diplopsalidaceae 284 538 Index

Diplopsalis elpatiewskyi, Peridinium umbonatum var. 237 –– acuta 21, 287 emarginatum, Glenodinium 454, 457, 457 –– ambigua 286 Entzia –– ovum 289 –– acuta 287 dirhamphos, Cystodinium 394, 401, 402 Esoptrodinium 360 discoidale, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 90, 90 –– gemma 360 dissimile, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 –– soligenum 336 dodgei, Borghiella 33, 322, 323, 324, 324, eucephalum, Amphidinium 355 327, 329 eucyaneum, Gymnodinium 152 dodgei, Gymnodinium 379 eucyaneum, Nusuttodinium 144, 146, 152, 152 dodgei, Tovellia 374, 379, 380 eufrigidum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 91, 91 dominii, Cystodinium 393, 401, 402 euryceps, Apocalathium 30, 299, 304, 304 durandii, Peridiniopsis 192 euryceps, Peridinium 304 durandii, Unruhdinium 187, 190, 192, 193 eurystomum, Glenodinium 454, 457, 458 Durinskia 15, 187, 187 eurytopum, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 91, 91 –– baltica 187, 188, 188 excavata, Peridiniopsis cunningtonii var. 235, –– dybowskii 187, 188, 189 235 –– oculata 187, 189, 189 excavatum, Glenodinium quadridens var. 235 dybowskii, Durinskia 187, 188, 189 excavatum, Gymnodinium 346 dybowskii, Glenodinium 188 excavatum, Peridinium cunningtonii var. 235 dybowskii, Peridinium 188 excavatum, Peridinium geminum var. 220 dzieduszyckii, Parvodinium 207, 218, 219 excavatum, Peridinium inconspicuum var. 220 dzieduszyckii, Peridinium 218 excisum, Peridinium bipes f. 272 dzieduszyckii, Peridinium lubieniense f. 218 excisum, Peridinium bipes var. 272 eximium, Peridinium 247 Exuviaella E –– compressa 448 edax, Glenodinium 297 –– lima 449 edax, Katodinium 369, 370 –– lima var. major 450 edax, Massartia 369, 370 –– lima var. scrobiculata 449 edax, Peridiniopsis 297 –– wislouchii 468 edax, Tyrannodinium 8, 296, 297, 297 elegans Cleve, Peridinium 223 elegans M. Lefèvre, Peridinium, nom. F illeg. 223 fastigata, Opisthoaulax 366, 368, 369 elegans, Peridinium geminum var. 225 fastigatum, Katodinium 368 elegans, Peridinium lubieniense f. 223 fimbriatum, Sphaerodinium 10, 339, 342, 343 elenkinii, Amphidinium 355 fistulatum, Peridinium centenniale f. 215 ellipsoideum, Glenodinium 468 fistulatum, Peridinium centenniale var. 215 elongatum, Ceratium carolinianum var. 171, fontinale, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 92, 92 171 fontinale, Katodinium 92 elongatum, Ceratium, nom. inval. 171 foveolatum, Prorocentrum 449, 449, 449, 450 elongatum, Gymnodinium 67, 68, 90, 90 frigidum, Glenodinium 469 elongatum, Gymnodinium inversum var. 98, 99 frigidum Balech, Gymnodinium 472 elongatum, Gyrodinium 90 frigidum Skvortsov, Gymnodinium, nom. elpatiewskyi, Glenodinium 238 illeg. 472 elpatiewskyi, Peridiniopsis 31, 237, 237, 238 frigidum Wołoszyńska, Gymnodinium, nom. elpatiewskyi, Peridinium 238 inval. 475 Index 539 fungiforme, Glenodinium 317 Glenodinium 4, 10, 453 fungiforme, Gymnodinium 294 –– aciculiferum 300 fungiforme, Katodinium 294 –– acutum 287 fungiforme, Speroidium 294, 294, 295, 296 –– ambiguum 10, 286 fungiformis, Massartia 294 –– amphiconicum 453, 455, 455 furcoides, Ceratium 30, 34, 35, 164, 165, 174, –– apiculatum Ehrenberg 160, 202 174, 175, 176, 177, 178 –– apiculatum O. Zacharias, nom. illeg. 160 furcoides, Ceratium furcoides morpho- –– australicum 10, 184, 364, 365 type 175, 176 –– balticum 188 furcoides, Ceratium hirundinella var. 174 –– berghii 454 fuscum, Gymnodinium 66, 68, 69, 74, 75, 100 –– bernardinense 322 fuscum, Peridinium 74, 75 –– berolinense 297 –– bieblii 464, 464 –– borgei 227 G –– cinctum 184, 195, 339, 344, 453, 454, gatunense, Peridinium 10, 23, 27, 31, 32, 34, 455, 456 36, 40, 42, 246, 250, 252, 254, 257 –– cornifax 398 gatunense, Peridinium cinctum var. 250 –– cosmariaeforme 468 geitleri, Amphidinium, nom. illeg. 147 –– cristatum 229 geminum, Glenodinium 208 –– dangeardii 454, 456, 456 geminum, Peridinium 208 –– denticulatum 454, 456, 456 gemma, Esoptrodinium 360 –– dinobryonis 281 germanicum, Peridinium 246 –– dybowskii 188 gessneri, Glenodinium 453, 454, 458, 458 –– edax 297 gessneri, Gymnocystodinium 398 –– ellipsoideum 468 gibbera, Kolkwitziella 287 –– elpatiewskyi 238 gibbera, Kolkwitziella salebrosa var. 287 –– emarginatum 454, 457, 457 gibbosum, Peridinium cinctum var. 250 –– eurystomum 454, 457, 458 girans, Glenodinium 469 –– frigidum 469 glabra, Tovellia 374, 379, 381 –– fungiforme 317 glabrum, Gymnodinium coronatum var. 379 –– geminum 208 glaucovirescens, Amphidinium, nom. –– gessneri 453, 454, 458, 458 inval. 475 –– girans 469 glaucum, Glenodinium 453, 458, 459 –– glaucum 453, 458, 459 glaucum J. Schiller, Gymnodinium, nom. –– guildfordense 208 illeg. 148 –– gymnodinium 4, 315, 316, 317 glaucum W. Conrad, Gymnodinium 147, 148 –– gymnodinium var. biscutelliforme 315 Glenoaulax 469 –– helicozoster 454, 459, 459 –– inaequalis 469 –– inaequale Chodat, nom. illeg. 469 Glenodiniopsidaceae 181, 183 –– inaequale Schmarda 469 Glenodiniopsis 7, 184 –– kamptneri 208 –– pretiosa 9, 184, 186, 186 –– kulczynskii 231 –– steinii (Lemmermann) Wołoszyńska, nom. –– lemmermannii 470 illeg. 184 –– leptodermum 453, 460, 460 –– steinii Wołoszyńska 184 –– limos 454, 460, 460 –– uliginosa 184, 184, 185 –– lindemannii 242 –– lomnickii 306 –– lomnickii var. splendidum 308 540 Index

–– lomnickii var. wierzejskii 309 globosum, Phytodinium 426, 427, 428 –– longicorne 165 globosum, Stylodinium 428, 429, 429, 430 –– lubieniensiforme 317 Glochidinium 181, 198, 199 –– majale 470 –– penardiforme 199, 200, 200, 200 –– mezii 454, 461, 461 –– platygaster 200, 201, 202 –– minimum 102 Gloeodiniaceae 443 –– minutum 470 Gloeodiniales 13, 52, 54, 442, 446 –– monadicum, nom. illeg. 116 Gloeodinium 14, 45, 331, 334, 442, 443, 443, –– muricatum 375 444 –– neglectum 362, 364 –– cracoviense 443, 445, 446 –– oculatum 189 –– montanum 54, 443, 443, 444 –– palustre 182 –– montanum var. tatricum 444, 445 –– pascheri 326 godlewskii, Chimonodinium 300, 312, 312 –– peisonis 454, 461, 462 godlewskii, Peridinium 312 –– penardiforme 200 Gonyaulacaceae 163, 178 –– penardii 195 Gonyaulacales 26, 52, 53, 163, 181 –– planulum 473 gonyaulacoides, Peridinium keyense var. 314 –– polylophum 10, 338 Gonyaulax 53, 178 –– pseudostigmosum 454, 462, 462 –– apiculata 179 –– pulvisculus 454, 463, 463 –– apiculata var. clevei 179 –– pulvisculus var. depressum 470 –– austriaca 179 –– punctulatum 454, 463, 464 –– clevei 179, 180 –– pusillum 225 –– jensenii 211 –– quadridens 243 –– limnetica 179 –– quadridens var. excavatum 235 –– palustris 182 –– quadridens var. treubii 235 –– polonica 179 –– quadridens var. wildemanii 234 –– spinifera 178 –– regulare, nom. inval. 475 goslaviense, Parvodinium 207, 218, 220 –– roseolum 470 goslaviense, Peridinium 218 –– rotundatum 471 goslaviense, Peridinium umbonatum var. 218 –– sanguineum (H. J. Carter) Diesing 384 grabenseei, Cystodinium 394, 402, 403 –– sanguineum Marchesoni, nom. illeg. 324, gracile, Ceratium hirundinella morpho- 384 type 167, 167 –– sedens 234 gracile Bergh, Gymnodinium 475 –– segriense 454, 459, 464, 464 gracile Lackey, Gymnodinium, nom. –– spiculiferum 220 inval. 475 –– steinii 184 gracile Er. Lindemann, Peridinium, nom. –– tabulatum 272 illeg. 305 –– turfosum 471 gracile Meunier, Peridinium 305 –– uliginosum 184, 186 gracile, Peridinium pusillum f. 225 –– vernale 471 gracile, Stylodinium 429, 432, 433 –– viguieri 245 gracilis, Dinopodiella 432 –– vindobonense 454, 465, 465 grande, Stylodinium 429, 433, 434 –– viride 471 granii, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 92, 93 globosa, Desmomastix 57, 58 granulosum, Chimonodinium 299, 300, 312, globosum, Peridinium bipes f. 274, 274 313 globosum, Peridinium gatunense f. 252, 253 granulosum, Peridinium 312 globosum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 215 granulosum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 312 Index 541 guestrowiense, Peridinium 265 –– carinatum var. hiemale 330 guildfordense, Glenodinium 208 –– caudatum 67, 84, 85 guildfordense, Peridinium caudatum var. 208 –– cestocoetes 348 guttatum, Cystodinium 394, 403, 403 –– chiastosporum 68, 71, 85, 86, 137 gutwinskii, Peridinium 9, 264, 279, 279, 280 –– christenii 68, 69, 86, 87 Gymnocystodinium, nom. illeg. 400 –– cnecoides 68, 71, 87, 87 –– dimorphe 400 –– coeruleum Dogiel 160 –– gessneri 398 –– coeruleum N.L. Antipova, nom. illeg. 160 –– iners 398 –– colymbeticum 72, 73, 88, 88 –– unicorne 410 –– concavum 348 Gymnodiniaceae 61, 65, 66 –– cornifax 398 Gymnodiniales 15, 52, 53, 61 –– coronatum 375 Gymnodinida 65 –– coronatum var. glabrum 379 gymnodinioides, Nusuttodinium 149 –– corpusculum 473 Gymnodinium VIII, 4, 14, 62, 65, 66, 66, 68, –– cruciatum R. H. Thompson, nom. 70, 72, 85, 109, 137, 143, 158, 159 illeg. 132 –– absumens 77 –– cruciatum (Massart) J. Schiller 132 –– achroum 77 –– cryophilum 68, 69, 88, 89 –– acidotum 46, 144, 146 –– cyaneum H. J. Hu, nom. inval. 152 –– acuminatum, nom. inval. 346 –– cyaneum J. Schiller 151 –– aeruginosum 145, 146 –– danubiense 68, 71, 89, 89 –– aeschrum 72, 74, 76 –– deformabile, nom. inval. 83 –– aesculum 348 –– depressum 472 –– aestivale 125 –– devorans 77 –– alaskense 68, 69, 76, 77 –– dimorphe 400 –– alatum 297 –– discoidale 68, 71, 90, 90 –– albulum 68, 71, 72, 73, 77, 77, 102 –– dodgei 379 –– alsiophilum 72, 73, 78, 79 –– elongatum 67, 68, 90, 90 –– amphiconicoides 141 –– eucyaneum 152 –– amphidinioides 147 –– eufrigidum 72, 73, 91, 91 –– arenicola 68, 70, 79, 79 –– eurytopum 72, 74, 91, 91 –– armoricanum 134 –– excavatum 346 –– astigmatum 72, 73, 80, 80 –– fontinale 68, 70, 92, 92 –– asymmetricum 133 –– frigidum Balech 472 –– austriacum 72, 73, 80, 81 –– frigidum Skvortsov, nom. illeg. 472 –– autumnale Christen, nom. inval. 104 –– frigidum Wołoszyńska, nom. inval. 475 –– autumnale Skvortsov 145, 146 –– fungiforme 294 –– baicalense 30, 68, 69, 81, 81 –– fuscum 66, 68, 69, 74, 75, 100 –– baicalense var. minus 81 –– fuscum var. cornifax 398 –– baumeisteri 67, 68, 82, 82 –– fuscum var. minus 74 –– biciliatum 471, 472 –– glaucum J. Schiller, nom. illeg. 148 –– bisaetosum 398 –– glaucum W. Conrad 147, 148 –– blax 72, 73, 82, 83 –– gracile Bergh 475 –– bogoriense 33, 68, 71, 83, 83 –– gracile Lackey, nom. inval. 475 –– bohemicum 68, 70, 84, 84 –– granii 72, 73, 92, 93 –– caerulescens 149 –– helveticum 4, 160 –– campaniforme 150 –– helveticum f. achroum 160, 162 –– carinatum 113 –– helveticum var. apiculatum 160 542 Index

–– hiemale (J. Schiller) Popovský, nom. –– monadicum, nom. illeg. 116 illeg. 153 –– mucicola 72, 73, 111, 112 –– hiemale Skvortsov, nom. illeg. 364 –– musei 369 –– hiemale Wołoszyńska 153, 330, 362, 364 –– neglectum 362, 364 –– hippocastanum 68, 70, 71, 92, 93 –– neglectum var. astigmatum 364 –– huber-pestalozzii 67, 68, 93, 94 –– novaculosum 398 –– hyalinum 72, 94, 95 –– nygaardi, nom. inval. 382 –– hyperxanthoides 67, 95, 95 –– obesum 68, 69, 112, 112 –– hyperxanthum 67, 96, 96 –– oligoplacatum 68, 71, 112, 113 –– impar 134 –– olivaceum 472 –– impatiens 68, 71, 96, 97 –– ordinatum 349 –– indicum 153 –– ordinatum var. sparsum 350 –– intermedium 72, 97, 97 –– pallidum 107 –– inversum 35, 68, 69, 98, 98 –– palustre 68, 106, 113, 114 –– inversum var. elongatum 98, 99 –– palustriforme 68, 70, 114, 115 –– irregulare B. Hope 86 –– paradoxiforme 68, 70, 115, 115 –– irregulare Christen, nom. illeg. 86 –– paradoxum 67, 116, 116 –– kesslitzii 68, 70, 99, 99 –– paradoxum f. astigmosum 136, 137 –– kesslitzii var. sanctipaulense 69, 100, 100 –– paradoxum var. majus 116 –– klebsii 417 –– partitum 67, 116, 117 –– knollii 77, 78 –– pascheri 326, 328 –– lackeyi, nom. inval. 154 –– pavlae 68, 71, 117, 118 –– lacustre 68, 71, 100, 100, 120 –– p-dohrnii 145, 146 –– lalitae 68, 70, 101, 101 –– peisonis 68, 71, 117, 118 –– lantzschii 72, 73, 102, 102 –– planctonicum 348 –– lantzschii var. rhinophoron 126 –– planum 68, 70, 118, 119 –– latum 72, 73, 102, 103 –– poculiferum 68, 69, 119, 119 –– legiconveniens 72, 74, 103, 103 –– posthiemale 68, 71, 120, 120 –– lens 381 –– pratense 72, 73, 120, 121 –– leopoliense 381 –– profundum 77, 78 –– leptostauron 72, 73, 104, 104 –– pseudomirabile 68, 69, 121, 122 –– limitatum 68, 70, 71, 104, 105 –– pseudopalustre 346 –– limneticum Lackey, nom. illeg. 154 –– pulvisculus 463 –– limneticum Wołoszyńska 68, 70, 105, 106, –– purpureum 67, 69, 121, 122 114, 154 –– pusillum 67, 123, 123 –– lividum 68, 69, 107, 107 –– pusillum var. minus 123, 124 –– luteofaba 68, 71, 107, 108 –– radiatum 68, 69, 70, 124, 124, 130 –– macronucleum 102 –– rarum 72, 125, 125, 126 –– manchuriense, nom. illeg. 145 –– rhinophoron 72, 73, 126, 126 –– marylandicum 325 –– roseolum 470 –– mazuricum 67, 107, 109 –– rotundatum 86, 410, 411 –– meervalli 369 –– rufescens 108 –– minimum G. A. Klebs 102, 138 –– ruttneri 68, 71, 127, 127 –– minimum Lantzsch, nom. illeg. 102, 138 –– saginatum 68, 71, 127, 127 –– mirabile 30, 68, 69, 108, 109, 110 –– sanctipaulense 68, 70, 128, 128 –– mirabile var. rufescens 108, 110 –– schilleri 72, 73, 128, 128 –– mirum 68, 70, 110, 110 –– schuettii 67, 129, 129 –– mitratum 72, 74, 111, 111, 141 –– simile 68, 71, 129, 129 Index 543

–– simplex (Lohmann) Kofoid & Swezy 358 –– hyalinum 94, 95 –– simplex Dangeard, nom. illeg. 358 –– molopicum 160, 162, 163 –– sinuatum 472 –– nivale 326 –– skvortsowii 364 –– pallidum 107 –– sphaericum 417 –– pascheri 326 –– sphagnicola 68, 69, 125, 130, 130 –– pusillum 123 –– spirale 160 –– silvaticum 328 –– spirodinioides 72, 73, 130, 131 –– spirale 160 –– stagnale 355 –– steinii 95 –– steinii 398 –– vorticella 367 –– stigmaticum 367 –– submontanum 77, 78 –– tatricum 68, 70, 131, 131 H –– tenuissimum 329 Haematococcus –– terrum 472 –– insignis 446 –– thomasii 68, 71, 132, 132 Haidadinium 388, 389, 417 –– thompsonii 72, 73, 132, 133 –– ichthyophilum 417, 418 –– titubans 72, 133, 134 handelii, Ceratium 174 –– triceratium 68, 70, 133, 134 hangoei, Peridinium 305 –– tridentatum 72, 73, 135, 135 hangoei, Protoperidinium 305 –– tylotum 68, 70, 82, 136, 136, 137, 328, hangoei, Scrippsiella 28, 305 370 Hassallia –– uberrimum 109, 157, 474 –– insignis 446 –– uberrimum var. rotundatum 86, 410 helicozoster, Glenodinium 454, 459, 459 –– undulatum 68, 69, 137, 137 helveticum, Gymnodinium 4, 160 –– unicorne 410 helveticum, Gyrodinium 4, 31, 160, 160, 161, –– varians 68, 71, 138, 138 162 –– veris, nom. illeg. 330 Hemidiniaceae 53, 320, 331 –– vernale 138, 355 Hemidinium 4, 13, 14, 45, 54, 320, 331, 442, –– vernum 68, 70, 138, 139, 370 473 –– vierae 67, 139, 140 –– animale 333, 334, 473 –– viridaliut 68, 70, 101, 139, 140 –– aquae-frigidae 333, 334, 473 –– viride 157 –– brasiliense 332 –– vorticella 367 –– bryophyticum 332, 333, 334 –– waltzii 72, 74, 140, 141 –– kisselewii 333, 334, 360, 473 –– wawrikae 67, 141, 142 –– kofoidii 333, 473 –– wigrense 68, 70, 141, 142 –– lindemannii 333, 334, 473 –– woloszynskae 330 –– montanum 332, 333, 334 –– zachariasii 113 –– mucosum 333, 334, 473 gymnodinium, Glenodinium 4, 315, 316, 317 –– nasutum 319, 331, 332, 332, 333 gyrinum, Amphidinium 355 –– nasutum var. tatricum 444 Gyrodiniaceae VIII, 61, 160 –– nephroideum 331, 332, 334, 335 Gyrodinium VIII, 4, 14, 65, 66, 136, 158, –– nobile 332, 335, 335 160, 163 –– ochraceum 332, 447, 448 –– asymmetricum 133 –– oculatum 473 –– elongatum 90 –– olivaceum 332, 473 –– helveticum 4, 31, 160, 160, 161, 162 –– pseudochraceum 332, 336, 336 –– hiemale 123 –– purpureum 332, 336, 337 544 Index –– soligenum 332, 336, 337 I –– tumidum 332 ichthyophilum, Haidadinium 417, 418 –– woloszynskae 336, 473 impar, Gymnodinium 134 hemisphaera, Phytodinedria 420, 422, 422, impatiens, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 96, 97 423, 424 inaequale Chodat, Glenodinium, nom. Heterocapsa illeg. 469 –– quinquecuspidata 237 inaequale Schmarda, Glenodinium 469 heterorhamphos, Cystodinium 394, 404, 404 inaequale, Peridinium umbonatum var. 207 hiemale (J. Schiller) Popovský, Gymnodinium, inaequale, Properidinium 207 nom. illeg. 153 inaequalis, Glenoaulax 469 hiemale Skvortsov, Gymnodinium, nom. inaequalis, Peridiniopsis, nom. inval. 469 illeg. 364 inconspicuum, Parvodinium 9, 34, 35, 207, hiemale Wołoszyńska, Gymnodinium 153, 219, 221 330, 362, 364 inconspicuum, Peridinium 208, 219 hiemale, Gymnodinium carinatum var. 330 inconspicuum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 219 hiemale, Gyrodinium 123 inconstans, Amphidinium 355 hiemale, Katodinium 153 incus, Dinococcus 414, 416, 416 hiemale, Nusuttodinium 98, 143, 153, 153 incus, Raciborskia 416 hiemale, Peridinium 240 indicum, Gymnodinium 153 hiemalis, Jadwigia 362, 362, 363 indicum, Nusuttodinium 143, 153, 154 hiemalis, Massartia 153 inerme, Apocalathium aciculiferum var. 300, hiemalis, Peridiniopsis 237, 240, 240 302, 302 hiemalis, Woloszynskia 302, 362 inerme, Dinastridium 411, 413, 413 hieroglyphicum, Peridinium 269 inerme, Peridinium aciculiferum f. 302 hieroglyphicum, Peridinium tabulatum inermis, Cystodinedria 389, 390, 391 var. 269 inermis, Dinococcus 390 hippocastanum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 71, inermis, Raciborskia 390, 414 92, 93 iners, Cystodinium 398, 399 hirundinella, Bursaria 3, 165 iners, Gymnocystodinium 398 hirundinella, Ceratium 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, insignis, Haematococcus 446 164, 165, 165, 166, 167, 175, 177 insignis, Hassallia 446 huber-pestalozzii, Gymnodinium 67, 68, 93, 94 insignis, Ouracoccus 446 hyalina, Phytodinedria 420, 422, 423 insignis, Rufusiella 446, 447 hyalinum, Amphidinium 355 insignis, Urococcus 446 hyalinum, Cystodinium 393, 404, 405 intermedium, Gymnodinium 72, 97, 97 hyalinum, Gymnodinium 72, 94, 95 intermedium, Katodinium, nom. inval. 97 hyalinum, Gyrodinium 94, 95 intermedium (Playfair) Playfair, Peri- hyalinum, Spirodinium 94 dinium 211, 283 hyperxantha, Massartia 96 intermedium Candeias, Peridinium, nom. hyperxanthoides, Gymnodinium 67, 95, 95 illeg. 283 hyperxanthoides, Katodinium 95 intermedium R. H. Thompson, Peridinium, nom. hyperxanthoides, Massartia 95 illeg. 9, 10, 283 hyperxanthum, Gymnodinium 67, 96, 96 intermedium, Peridinium africanum var. 211 hyperxanthum, Katodinium 96 intermedium, Peridinium tabulatum var. 211 Hypnodinium 6, 388, 389, 417 intermedium, Tetradinium 440 –– asiaticum 419 intermedium, Thompsodinium 10, 282, 283, –– lefevrei 417, 426 283 –– sphaericum 417, 419 interspersum, Cystodinium 427 Index 545 inversum, Gymnodinium 35, 68, 69, 98, 98 –– intermedium, nom. inval. 97 irregulare B. Hope, Gymnodinium 86 –– mazuricum 107 irregulare Christen, Gymnodinium, nom. –– molopicum 163 illeg. 86 –– monadicum, nom. illeg. 116, 117 irregulatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 247 –– musei 369 irregulatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 –– nieuportense 158 –– notatum 372 –– parvulum 121 J –– piscinale 370 Jadwigia 359, 361, 365, 462 –– planum 118 –– applanata 361, 362, 362, 363 –– polyplastidum 116 –– hiemalis 362, 362, 363 –– ptyrticum 371 –– limnetica 362, 364, 365 –– sanctipaulense 128 –– neglecta 362, 364, 366 –– schilleri 128 javanicum, Parvodinium africanum var. 211, –– spirodinioides, nom. inval. 130 212 –– stigmaticum 367 javanicum, Peridinium 219 –– tetragonops 371 javanicum, Peridinium africanum var. 211 –– vernale 138, 370 javanicum, Sphaerodinium 339, 342, 343 –– vierae 139 javanicum, Sphaerodinium cinctum var. 342 –– viride 67, 159, 159 javanicum, Tetradinium 439, 440, 441 –– vorticella 367 jensenii, Gonyaulax 211 –– woloszynskae 372 jensenii, Peridinium 211 –– woloszynskae var. notatum 372 jiulongense, Unruhdinium 190, 190, 191 kesslitzii, Amphidinium 99 jiulongensis, Peridiniopsis 190 kesslitzii, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 99, 99 juratense, Apocalathium aciculiferum kevei, Peridiniopsis 193 var. 299, 302, 303 kevei, Unruhdinium 187, 190, 193, 194 juratense, Peridinium aciculiferum var. 303 keyense, Chimonodinium 300, 314, 314 keyense, Peridinium 9, 310, 314 keyense, Peridinium marchicum var. 220 kincaidii, Peridinium 247 K kisselewii, Hemidinium 333, 334, 360, 473 kamptneri, Glenodinium 208 klebsii, Amphidinium 61 Kansodinium 10, 181, 284, 286 klebsii, Gymnodinium 417 –– ambiguum 10, 286, 286 knollii, Gymnodinium 77, 78 Katodinium VIII, 8, 65, 66, 158, 159, 365 kofoidii, Amphidiniopsis 284 –– astigmatum, nom. inval. 80 kofoidii, Hemidinium 333, 473 –– auratum 68, 158, 159 Kolkwitziella 6, 181, 284, 287 –– austriacum 296 –– acuta 21, 287, 288 –– bohemicum 84 –– gibbera 287 –– campylops 368 –– salebrosa 287 –– crassifilum 151 –– salebrosa var. gibbera 287 –– edax 369, 370 Kolkwitziellaceae 284 –– fastigatum 368 Kryptoperidiniaceae 15, 19, 20, 181, 182, 186 –– fontinale 92 kulczynskii, Glenodinium 231 –– fungiforme 294 kulczynskii, Peridiniopsis 196, 227, 231, 232 –– hiemale 153 kulczynskii, Peridinium 231 –– hyperxanthoides 95 kumaonense, Ceratium 165 –– hyperxanthum 96 546 Index L limneticum, Oodinium 354 lackeyi, Gymnodinium, nom. inval. 154 limneticum, Piscinoodinium 352, 354, 354 lacunarum, Amphidinium 154 limneticum, Sphaerodinium 339, 343, 344, 453 lacunarum, Nusuttodinium 144, 154, 155 limneticum, Sphaerodinium cinctum var. 343 lacustre, Amphidinium 46, 355 limneticum, Spiniferodinium 105 lacustre, Ceratium furca var. 174 limos, Glenodinium 454, 460, 460 lacustre, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 100, 100, 120 lindemannii, Glenodinium 242 lacustris, Prosoaulax 46, 355, 355, 356, 357 lindemannii, Hemidinium 333, 334, 473 laesum, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 lindemannii, Peridiniopsis 242, 242 laeve, Peridinium 204 lindemannii, Peridinium 242 laeve, Peridinium apiculatum f. 204 lindemannii, Stylodinium 429 laeve, Peridinium palatinum f. 204 lineatum, Peridinium willei f. 264, 264 laevis, Palatinus apiculatus var. 202, 204, 205 lingii, Peridinium 246, 255, 256 lalitae, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 101, 101 Lingulodinium lantzschii, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 102, 102 –– polyedrum 15 larvale, Amphidinium 355 linzium, Peridinium 210 latum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 102, 103 Lissaïella latum, Nusuttodinium 143 –– obrae 468 latum, Peridinium 287 lividum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 107, 107 lefevrei, Amphidinium 467 lohammarii, Amphidinium 357 lefevrei, Hypnodinium 417, 426 lomnickii, Chimonodinium 25, 31, 300, 306, legiconveniens, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 103, 307 103 lomnickii, Glenodinium 306 Leiocephalium 320, 344, 345, 351 lomnickii, Peridinium 306 –– pseudosanguineum IX, 351, 351 longicorne, Ceratium 165 lemmermannii, Peridinium cinctum var. 246 longicorne, Glenodinium 165 lemmermannii, Peridinium kincaidii var. 246 longipes, Stylodinium 429, 433, 434 lemmermannii, Glenodinium 470 longipes, Tetradinium intermedium var. 440 lens, Gymnodinium 381 Lophodiniaceae 53, 320, 337 leopoliense, Gymnodinium 381 Lophodinium 5, 10, 320, 337 leopoliensis, Tovellia 359, 374, 381, 382 –– dadayi 338 leopoliensis, Woloszynskia 377, 381 –– polylophum 337, 338, 338 Lepidodinium 160 lubieniense, Parvodinium 207, 222, 223 leptodermum, Glenodinium 453, 460, 460 lubieniense, Peridinium 222 leptostauron, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 104, 104 lubieniensiforme, Glenodinium 317 lima, Exuviaella 449 lubieniensiforme, Naiadinium 315, 317, 318 lima, Prorocentrum 450, 451 lubieniensiforme, Peridinium 317 limbatum, Peridinium 8, 272, 275, 276 lubieniensiformis, Peridiniopsis 317 limbatum, Protoperidinium 275 lunare, Cystodinium 394, 405, 406 limitatum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 71, 104, 105 luteofaba, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 107, 108 limnetica, Gonyaulax 179 luteum, Amphidinium 356 limnetica, Jadwigia 362, 364, 365 limnetica, Woloszynskia 362, 364 limneticum Lackey, Gymnodinium, nom. M illeg. 154 macroceras, Ceratium 165 limneticum Wołoszyńska, Gymnodinium 68, macronucleum, Gymnodinium 102 70, 105, 106, 114, 154 madagascariense, Peridinium cinctum limneticum, Nusuttodinium 144, 154, 155 var. 255 Index 547 madagascariense, Peridinium gatunense maxima, Cystodinedria 389, 391, 392 var. 255, 255 maximum, Peridinium volzii var. 265 maeandricum, Peridinium 249 mazuricum, Gymnodinium 67, 107, 109 maeandricum, Peridinium cinctum f. 248, 249 mazuricum, Katodinium 107 maeandricum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 269 meervalli, Gymnodinium 369 maeandricum, Peridinium volzii f. 269 Melodinium, nom. inval. 474 maeandricum, Peridinium volzii var. 269, 269 –– uberrimum, nom. inval. 474 maius, Peridinium penardii f. 197 mezeniense, Peridinium africanum var. tatricum maius, Unruhdinium penardii var. 197, 197 f. 213 majale, Glenodinium 470 mezii, Glenodinium 454, 461, 461 major, Exuviaella lima var. 450 micans, Prorocentrum 448 majus, Gymnodinium paradoxum var. 116 minima, Peridiniopsis 196 majus, Peridinium gatunense f. 252, 253 minimum, Cystodinium 394, 406, 406 malmogiense, Apocalathium 28, 30, 300, minimum, Glenodinium 102 305, 306 minimum G.A. Klebs, Gymnodinium 102, 138 malmogiense, Peridinium 305 minimum Lantzsch, Gymnodinium, nom. manchuriense, Gymnodinium, nom. illeg. 145 illeg. 102, 138 manshuricum, Prorocentrum 448, 474 minimum, Peridinium 207 marchicum, Peridinium 220, 221 minimum, Unruhdinium 196, 197 marchicum, Peridinium inconspicuum f. 220 minnesotense, Peridinium limbatum marssonii, Peridinium 202 subsp. 275 marssonii, Peridinium laeve subsp. 202 minus, Chimonodinium lomnickii var. 308, 308 marylandica, Borghiella 323, 325, 326 minus, Gymnodinium baicalense var. 81 marylandicum, Gymnodinium 325 minus, Gymnodinium fuscum var. 74 Massartia 365 minus, Gymnodinium pusillum var. 123, 124 –– austriaca 296 minus, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 –– campylops 368 minus, Peridinium treubii var. 235 –– crassifilum 151 minus, Peridinium wierzejskii var. 308 –– edax 369, 370 minus, Phytodinium simplex f. 426, 426, 427 –– fungiformis 294 minus, Spirodinium pusillum var. 123 –– hiemalis 153 minus, Tetradinium 439, 440, 442 –– hyperxantha 96 minutum, Glenodinium 470 –– hyperxanthoides 95 mira, Woloszynskia, nom. inval. 110 –– molopica 163 mirabile, Gymnodinium 30, 68, 69, 108, 109, –– montana 155 110 –– musei 139, 369 miricentonis, Asulcocephalium IX, 345, 346 –– plana 118 mirum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 110, 110 –– pratensis 120 mitratum, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 111, 111, 141 –– ptyrtica 371 mixtum, Peridinium, nom. inval. 223 –– schilleri 128 molopica, Massartia 163 –– stigmatica 367 molopicum, Gyrodinium 160, 162, 163 –– tetragonops 371 molopicum, Katodinium 163 –– vorticella 367, 372 monadicum, Glenodinium, nom. illeg. 116 –– woloszynskae 372 monadicum, Gymnodinium, nom. illeg. 116 –– woloszynskae var. notata 21, 372 monadicum, Katodinium, nom. illeg. 116, 117 Matvienkoella VIII, 181, 284, 288 monadicum, Peridinium, nom. illeg. 116 –– ovum 288, 289, 289 Monas –– partita 116 548 Index monoceras, Ceratium 165, 176, 177 Nusuttodinium 15, 16, 66, 143, 150, 475 montana, Massartia 155 –– acidotum 46, 143, 144, 144, 146, 152 montanum, Gloeodinium 54, 443, 443, 444 –– aeruginosum 46, 143, 145, 146, 151 montanum, Hemidinium 332, 333, 334 –– amphidinioides 46, 144, 147, 148, 155, montanum, Nusuttodinium 143, 155, 156 459 morsum, Peridinium caudatum var. 220 –– bidentatum 144, 149, 149 morsum, Peridinium tabulatum var. pusillum –– caerulescens 144, 149, 149 f. 220 –– campaniforme 143, 150, 150 morzinense, Parvodinium 207, 223, 224 –– crassifilum 143, 151, 151 morzinense, Peridinium 223 –– cyaneum 143, 151, 152 mucicola, Amphidinium 111 –– eucyaneum 144, 146, 152, 152 mucicola, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 111, 112 –– gymnodinioides 149 mucosum, Hemidinium 333, 334, 473 –– hiemale 98, 143, 153, 153 multiplex, Amphidinium 357 –– indicum 143, 153, 154 multiplex, Prosoaulax 355, 357, 357 –– lacunarum 144, 154, 155 munusculum, Peridinium 220 –– latum 143 muricatum, Glenodinium 375 –– limneticum 144, 154, 155 musei, Gymnodinium 369 –– montanum 143, 155, 156 musei, Katodinium 369 –– oculatum 144, 156, 156 musei, Massartia 139, 369 –– phthartum 144, 157, 157 musei, Opisthoaulax 366, 369, 370 –– viride 143, 157, 158 mutatum, Peridinium eximium var. 247 nygaardi, Gymnodinium, nom. inval. 382 nygaardii, Tovellia 374, 382, 383

N Naiadinium 38, 298, 314 O –– biscutelliforme 315 obesum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 112, 112 –– lubieniensiforme 315, 317, 318 obliquum, Amphidinium, nom. inval. 475 –– polonicum 4, 21, 25, 37, 38, 314, 315, obrae, Amphidinium 468 315, 316 obrae, Lissaïella 468 nasutum, Amphidinium 467 obtusata, Cystodinedria 389, 391, 393 nasutum, Hemidinium 319, 331, 332, 332, 333 occultatum, Peridinium bipes f. 274 neglecta, Jadwigia 362, 364, 366 occultatum, Peridinium bipes var. 274, 275 neglecta, Woloszynskia 364 ochraceum, Hemidinium 332, 447, 448 neglectum, Glenodinium 362, 364 oculata, Durinskia 187, 189, 189 neglectum, Gymnodinium 362, 364 oculata, Peridiniopsis 189 nephroideum, Hemidinium 331, 332, 334, 335 oculatum, Amphidinium 156 niei, Peridiniopsis 195 oculatum, Glenodinium 189 niei, Unruhdinium 190, 195, 195 oculatum, Hemidinium 473 nieuportense, Katodinium 158 oculatum, Nusuttodinium 144, 156, 156 nivale, Gyrodinium 326 oculatum (F. Stein) Wołoszyńska, Peridinium, nobile, Hemidinium 332, 335, 335 nom. illeg. 189 notata, Massartia woloszynskae var. 21, 372 oculatum Dujardin, Peridinium 189, 454 notatum, Katodinium 372 oedogonii, Dinococcus 414, 414, 415 notatum, Katodinium woloszynskae var. 372 oedogonii, Raciborskia 414 novaculosum, Cystodinium 398 oedogonii, Rhizophydium 414 novaculosum, Gymnodinium 398 oligoplacatum, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 112, 113 olivaceum, Gymnodinium 472 Index 549 olivaceum, Hemidinium 332, 473 pallidum, Gymnodinium 107 Oodinium pallidum, Gyrodinium 107 –– limneticum 354 palustre, Glenodinium 182 –– pillulare 352 palustre, Gymnodinium 68, 106, 113, 114 operculatum, Amphidinium 60, 468 palustre, Peridinium 256 Opisthoaulax 14, 21, 158, 359, 365, 366, 372 palustre, Peridinium cinctum var. 256 –– campylops 366, 368, 368 palustre, Peridinium raciborskii var. 246, –– fastigata 366, 368, 369 256, 258 –– musei 366, 369, 370 palustre, Spiniferodinium 113 –– piscinalis 366, 370, 371 palustriforme, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 114, 115 –– tetragonops 366, 371, 372 palustris, Dinosphaera 31, 182, 183 –– vorticella 121, 365, 366, 367, 367 palustris, Goyaulax 182 –– woloszynskae 21, 366, 372, 373 papilionaceum, Cystodinium 394, 407, 407 ordinata, Biecheleria 345, 346, 349, 350 papilliferum, Parvodinium morzinense ordinata, Woloszynskia 349 var. 224, 225 ordinatum, Gymnodinium 349 papilliferum, Parvodinium umbonatum originale, Peridinium cinctum subvar. 247 var. 209, 210 originale, Peridinium guestrowiense papilliferum, Peridinium elegans f. 225 subvar. 265 papilliferum, Peridinium umbonatum f. 209 originale, Peridinium scallense subvar. 247 papilliferum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 209 ornamentosum, Peridinium 211 paradoxiforme, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 115, 115 ornatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 paradoxum, Gymnodinium 67, 116, 116 ornatum, Peridinium gatunense f. 253, 254 paradoxum, Peridinium laeve var. 203 orrei, Peridinium 225 partita, Monas 116 Ouracoccus partitum, Gymnodinium 67, 116, 117 –– insignis 446 Parvodinium 199, 206 ovale, Parvodinium centenniale var. 217, 217 –– africanum 29, 206, 207, 210, 211 ovale, Peridinium centenniale var. 217 –– africanum var. javanicum 211, 212 ovale, Peridinium umbonatum var. 217 –– africanum var. spinulosum 213, 213 ovatum, Peridinium hieroglyphicum var. 269 –– africanum var. tatricum 213, 214 ovoideum, Amphidinium 468 –– belizense 207, 214, 215 ovoideum, Prorocentrum 468 –– centenniale 207, 215, 216 ovoplanum, Peridinium cinctum f. 40, 248, –– centenniale var. ovale 217, 217 249 –– deflandrei 207, 217, 218 ovum, Diplopsalis 289 –– dzieduszyckii 207, 218, 219 ovum, Matvienkoella 288, 289, 289 –– goslaviense 207, 218, 220 ovum J. Schiller, Peridinium 289 –– inconspicuum 9, 34, 35, 207, 219, 221 ovum Matvienko, Peridinium, nom. illeg. 289 –– inconspicuum var. armatum 222, 222 –– lubieniense 207, 222, 223 –– morzinense 207, 223, 224 P –– morzinense var. papilliferum 224, 225 palatinum, Peridinium 202 –– pusillum 207, 225, 225 Palatinus 181, 198, 199, 202 –– umbonatum 30, 31, 35, 206, 207, 207, –– apiculatus 181, 202, 202, 203, 205 208, 457 –– apiculatus var. laevis 202, 204, 205 –– umbonatum var. armatum 209, 209 –– pseudolaevis 202, 205, 206 –– umbonatum var. papilliferum 209, 210 paldangensis, Tovellia 374, 383, 384 –– umbonatum var. spiniferum 209, 210 pallidulum, Cystodinium 394, 406, 407 parvulum, Katodinium 121 550 Index parvulum, Peridinium 9, 220 –– group quadridens 226, 242 pascheri, Borghiella 323, 326, 327 –– group thompsonii 199, 226, 244 pascheri, Glenodinium 326 –– group viguieri 199, 226, 245 pascheri, Gymnodinium 326, 328 –– hiemalis 237, 240, 240 pascheri, Gyrodinium 326 –– inaequalis, nom. inval. 469 pascheri, Woloszynskia 326, 327 –– jiulongensis 190 pavlae, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 117, 118 –– kevei 193 p-dohrnii, Gymnodinium 145, 146 –– kulczynskii 196, 227, 231, 232 peisonis, Glenodinium 454, 461, 462 –– lindemannii 242, 242 peisonis, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 117, 118 –– lubieniensiformis 317 pellucidum, Protoperidinium 289 –– minima 196 penardiforme, Glenodinium 200 –– niei 195 penardiforme, Glochidinium 199, 200, 200, –– oculata 189 200 –– penardiformis 200 penardiforme, Peridinium 200 –– penardii 195 penardiformis, Peridiniopsis 200 –– penardii var. robusta 197 penardii, Glenodinium 195 –– polonica 37, 315 penardii, Peridiniopsis 195 –– pygmaea 237, 240, 241 penardii, Peridinium 195 –– pygmaea var. brigantina 241, 241 penardii, Unruhdinium 190, 191, 195, 196 –– pygmaea var. brigantino-armata 241, 242 pentasterias, Actiniscus 62 –– quadridens 243, 243 Peridinaea 198 –– quadridens var. adens 243, 244 Peridinea 181 –– quinquecuspidata 236, 236 Peridiniaceae 53, 181, 182, 198, 428 –– rhomboides 193, 194 Peridiniales 15, 19, 20, 29, 52, 53, 181, 299 –– sphaeroidea 227, 233, 233 Peridiniophyceae 57 –– thompsonii 244, 244 Peridiniopsis VIII, 5, 7, 187, 198, 199, 226, –– viguieri 245, 245 245, 292 Peridinium 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 23, 35, 187, 198, –– amazonica 31, 226, 227, 229 245, 292, 298, 299 –– armebeensis 191 –– achromaticum 289 –– berolinensis 297, 404 –– aciculiferum 28, 300 –– borgei 5, 8, 20, 21, 32, 226, 227, 227, 228 –– aciculiferum f. inerme 302 –– charkowiensis 237, 239, 239 –– aciculiferum var. juratense 303 –– corillionii 187, 193, 194 –– acutum 287 –– cristata 227, 229, 230 –– africanum 29, 210 –– cristata var. boliviensis 231, 231 –– africanum f. spinulosum 213 –– cristata var. tubulifera 231, 232 –– africanum f. tatricum 213 –– cunningtonii 181, 233, 234 –– africanum var. contactum 211 –– cunningtonii var. excavata 235, 235 –– africanum var. intermedium 211 –– cunningtonii var. treubii 235, 236 –– africanum var. javanicum 211 –– dinobryonis 281 –– africanum var. tatricum 213 –– durandii 192 –– africanum var. tatricum f. mezeniense 213 –– edax 297 –– alatum 262 –– elpatiewskyi 31, 237, 237, 238 –– allorgei 270, 270 –– group borgei 199, 226, 226 –– ambiguum 210 –– group cunningtonii 199, 226, 233 –– andrzejowskii 196 –– group elpatiewskyi 199, 226, 237 –– anglicum 202 –– group lindemannii 199, 226, 241 –– apiculatum (Ehrenberg) Claparède & J. Lachmann 179, 202 Index 551

–– apiculatum Penard, nom. illeg. 179 –– cinctum var. carinatum 253 –– apiculatum f. anglicum 202 –– cinctum var. curvatum 246 –– apiculatum f. laeve 204 –– cinctum var. delta/epsilon-travectum 247 –– apiculatum var. cristatum 203 –– cinctum var. dissimile 247 –– australe 269, 277 –– cinctum var. gatunense 250 –– baicalense 30, 303 –– cinctum var. gibbosum 250 –– baliense 9, 29, 310 –– cinctum var. irregulatum 247 –– balticum 188 –– cinctum var. laesum 247 –– belizense 214 –– cinctum var. lemmermannii 246 –– berolinense 8, 297 –– cinctum var. madagascariense 255 –– berolinense var. apiculatum 297, 298 –– cinctum var. minus 247 –– bipes 28, 31, 36, 181, 272, 272, 273 –– cinctum var. ornatum 247 –– bipes f. apoda, nom. inval. 274 –– cinctum var. palustre 256 –– bipes f. excisum 272 –– cinctum var. regulatum 247 –– bipes f. globosum 274, 274 –– cinctum var. tuberosum 250, 251, 254 –– bipes f. occultatum 274 –– cinctum var. tuberosum f. cristatum 253 –– bipes f. tabulatum 272 –– cornutum 172 –– bipes var. excisum 272 –– corpusculum 473 –– bipes var. occultatum 274, 275 –– corrientes 280, 281 –– borgei 227 –– crenulatum 10, 278, 278 –– brasiliense 30, 310 –– cucumis 263 –– carolinianum 168 –– cunningtonii 9, 233 –– caudatum 220 –– cunningtonii f. quadrispinum 234 –– caudatum var. guildfordense 208 –– cunningtonii f. treubii 235 –– caudatum var. morsum 220 –– cunningtonii var. excavatum 235 –– caudatum var. planktonicum 208 –– cunningtonii var. pseudoquadridens 233 –– centenniale 215 –– cunningtonii var. quinquecuspidatum 236 –– centenniale f. fistulatum 215 –– cunningtonii var. wildemanii 233 –– centenniale var. fistulatum 215 –– deflandrei 217 –– centenniale var. ovale 217 –– dybowskii 188 –– chalubinskii 256 –– dzieduszyckii 218 –– charkowiense 239 –– elegans Cleve 223 –– cinctum (Ehrenberg) Claparède & J. Lach- –– elegans M. Lefèvre, nom. illeg. 223 mann, nom. illeg. 454 –– elegans f. papilliferum 225 –– cinctum (O. F. Müller) Ehrenberg 245, –– elpatiewskyi 238 246, 246, 248, 411, 473 –– elpatiewskyi f. brigantinum 238 –– cinctum f. angulatum 246 –– elpatiewskyi var. beta-delta-bitra- –– cinctum f. areolatum 246 vectum 238 –– cinctum f. irregulatum 247 –– elpatiewskyi var. bicollineatum 238 –– cinctum f. maeandricum 248, 249 –– elpatiewskyi var. biradiatum 238 –– cinctum f. ovoplanum 40, 248, 249 –– elpatiewskyi var. collineatum 238 –– cinctum f. regulatum 247 –– elpatiewskyi var. contortum 238 –– cinctum f. tuberosum 250 –– elpatiewskyi var. cruciferum 238 –– cinctum f. westii 40, 249, 249 –– elpatiewskyi var. pseudocunningtonii 238 –– cinctum f. zonatum 250, 250 –– elpatiewskyi var. pseudopenardii 238 –– cinctum subvar. originale 247 –– euryceps 304 –– cinctum var. angulatum 246 –– eximium 247 –– cinctum var. beta/epsilon-collineatum 246 –– eximium var. mutatum 247 552 Index

–– fuscum 74, 75 –– intermedium (Playfair) Playfair 211, 283 –– gatunense 10, 23, 27, 31, 32, 34, 36, 40, –– intermedium Candeias, nom. illeg. 283 42, 246, 250, 252, 254, 257 –– intermedium R. H. Thompson, nom. –– gatunense f. globosum 252, 253 illeg. 9, 10, 283 –– gatunense f. majus 252, 253 –– intermedium var. conicum 211 –– gatunense f. ornatum 253, 254 –– javanicum 219 –– gatunense var. carinatum 253, 254 –– javanicum var. tjibodense 219 –– gatunense var. madagascariense 255, 255 –– jensenii 211 –– gatunense var. zonatum 257 –– keyense 9, 310, 314 –– geminum 208 –– keyense var. gonyaulacoides 314 –– geminum var. angulosum 220 –– kincaidii 247 –– geminum var. elegans 225 –– kincaidii var. lemmermannii 246 –– geminum var. excavatum 220 –– kulczynskii 231 –– germanicum 246 –– laeve 204 –– godlewskii 312 –– laeve subsp. anglicum 202 –– goslaviense 218 –– laeve subsp. marssonii 202 –– gracile Er. Lindemann, nom. illeg. 305 –– laeve subsp. marssonii f. cristatum 203 –– gracile Meunier 305 –– laeve subsp. marssonii var. contactum 204 –– granulosum 312 –– laeve var. bitravectum 204 –– group allorgei 199, 270 –– laeve var. paradoxum 203 –– group bipes 199, 272 –– laeve var. stylatum 203 –– group cinctum 246, 246 –– latum 287 –– group crenulatum 199, 277 –– limbatum 8, 272, 275, 276 –– group gutwinskii 199, 279 –– limbatum subsp. minnesotense 275 –– group lomnickii 299 –– lindemannii 242 –– group striolatum 246, 259 –– lingii 246, 255, 256 –– group willei 246, 262 –– linzium 210 –– guestrowiense 265 –– linzium var. contactum, nom. inval. 222 –– guestrowiense f. compressum 267 –– lomnickii 306 –– guestrowiense f. sinuatum 265 –– lomnickii var. punctulatum 306 –– guestrowiense subvar. originale 265 –– lomnickii var. splendidum 308 –– guestrowiense var. beta-collineatum 265 –– lubieniense 222 –– guestrowiense var. cyclicum 265 –– lubieniense f. dzieduszyckii 218 –– gutwinskii 9, 264, 279, 279, 280 –– lubieniense f. elegans 223 –– hangoei 305 –– lubieniense var. contactum 222 –– hiemale 240 –– lubieniensiforme 317 –– hieroglyphicum 269 –– maeandricum 249 –– hieroglyphicum var. ovatum 269 –– malmogiense 305 –– hieroglyphicum var. rotundum 269 –– marchicum 220, 221 –– inconspicuum 208, 219 –– marchicum var. keyense 220 –– inconspicuum f. armatum 222 –– marchicum var. simplex 238 –– inconspicuum f. marchicum 220 –– marchicum var. simplex f. collineatum 238 –– inconspicuum f. spiniferum 220 –– marchicum var. simplex f. pseudope- –– inconspicuum var. armatum 222 nardii 238 –– inconspicuum var. balatonicum 220 –– marssonii 202 –– inconspicuum var. contactum, nom. –– minimum 207 inval. 220 –– mixtum, nom. inval. 223 –– inconspicuum var. excavatum 220 –– monadicum, nom. illeg. 116 Index 553

–– morzinense 223 –– sphaeroideum Christen, nom. illeg. 233 –– munusculum 220 –– sphaeroideum L. Mangin 233 –– munusculum f. spiniferum 220 –– spinulosum (Wołoszyńska) Er. Lindemann, –– munusculum var. contactum 220 nom. illeg. 213 –– munusculum var. contactum f. –– spinulosum G. Murray & Whitting 213 spiniferum 220 –– stagnale 300 –– oculatum (F. Stein) Wołoszyńska, nom. –– steinmannii 9, 220 illeg. 189 –– striolatum Playfair 10, 259, 259, 267 –– oculatum Dujardin 189, 454 –– striolatum Wailes, nom. illeg. 259, 267 –– ornamentosum 211 –– striolatum f. acuminatum 260 –– orrei 225 –– striolatum f. auburnense 260 –– ovum J. Schiller 289 –– striolatum f. rugosum 261 –– ovum Matvienko, nom. illeg. 289 –– striolatum f. truncatum 261 –– palatinum 202 –– striolatum var. acuminatum 260, 260 –– palatinum f. anglicum 203 –– striolatum var. auburnense 260, 260 –– palatinum f. cristatum 203 –– striolatum var. rugosum 261, 261 –– palatinum f. laeve 204 –– striolatum var. truncatum 261, 261 –– palustre 256 –– subg. Cleistoperidinium 181, 198, 199, –– palustre var. raciborskii 255 245, 246 –– parvulum 9, 220 –– subg. Poroperidinium 245, 270 –– penardiforme 200 –– suttonii 233 –– penardii 195 –– sydneyense, nom. inval. 277 –– penardii f. californicum 187, 192 –– tabulatum 272 –– penardii f. maius 197 –– tabulatum var. africanum 211 –– planulum 473 –– tabulatum var. caudatum 220 –– playfairii 9, 272, 277, 277 –– tabulatum var. granulosum 312 –– polonicum 4, 37, 315, 317 –– tabulatum var. hieroglyphicum 269 –– polonicum var. trilineatum 315 –– tabulatum var. inconspicuum 219 –– pseudointermedium 283 –– tabulatum var. intermedium 211 –– pseudolaeve 205 –– tabulatum var. maeandricum 269 –– pulvisculus 463 –– tabulatum var. pusillum f. morsum 220 –– pusillum 225 –– tabulatum var. westii 249 –– pusillum f. gracile 225 –– tabulatum var. westii f. australe 269 –– pygmaeum 240 –– tabulatum var. zonatum 257 –– pygmaeum f. brigantino-armatum 241 –– tatricum 213 –– pygmaeum f. brigantinum 241 –– tatricum var. spinulosum 213 –– quadridens 243 –– treubii 9, 235 –– quadridens f. adens 243 –– treubii var. minus 235 –– quadridens var. adens 243 –– truncatum 474 –– raciborskii 9, 246, 255, 256, 257 –– tuberosum 250 –– raciborskii var. palustre 246, 256, 258 –– uberrimum 109, 474 –– rhenanum 246 –– uliginosum 184 –– scallense 247 –– umbonatum 207, 396 –– scallense subvar. originale 247 –– umbonatum f. armatum 209 –– sect. Cleistoperidinium 246 –– umbonatum f. papilliferum 209 –– sect. Poroperidinium 270 –– umbonatum var. aciculiferum 300 –– semicirculatum 247 –– umbonatum var. armatum 209 –– semicirculatum var. beta-collineatum 247 –– umbonatum var. centenniale 215 554 Index

–– umbonatum var. deflandrei 217 Phytodinedria 389, 393, 420, 421 –– umbonatum var. elpatiewskyi 237 –– adpressa 420, 420, 421 –– umbonatum var. globosum 215 –– aeruginea 420, 420, 421 –– umbonatum var. goslaviense 218 –– coconiformis 424 –– umbonatum var. inaequale 207 –– hemisphaera 420, 422, 422, 423, 424 –– umbonatum var. ovale 217 –– hyalina 420, 422, 423 –– umbonatum var. papilliferum 209 –– procubans 420, 423, 424 –– umbonatum var. spiniferum 209 –– reniformis 420, 423, 424 –– umbonatum var. toporense, nom. –– setosa 420, 424, 425 inval. 475 Phytodiniaceae 388 –– vancouverense 267 Phytodiniales 10, 13, 26, 52, 54, 388, 417, 428 –– viguieri 245 Phytodinium 6, 389, 425 –– volzii 9, 31, 246, 262, 264, 265, 266, 277 –– aureum 426, 427, 427 –– volzii f. complexum 266, 267 –– globosum 426, 427, 428 –– volzii f. compressum 267, 267 –– simplex 417, 425, 426, 426, 426 –– volzii f. cyclicum 265 –– simplex f. minus 426, 426, 427 –– volzii f. maeandricum 269 –– stellatum 426, 427, 428 –– volzii f. sinuatum 265 piburgense, Ceratium hirundinella morpho- –– volzii f. vancouverense 267, 268 type 167, 168 –– volzii var. australe 265 pillulare, Oodinium 352 –– volzii var. botanicum 268, 268 pillulare, Piscinoodinium 352, 353 –– volzii var. cinctiforme 265, 268, 269 piscicida, Pfiesteria 293 –– volzii var. maeandricum 269, 269 piscinale, Katodinium 370 –– volzii var. maximum 265 piscinalis, Opisthoaulax 366, 370, 371 –– westii 249 Piscinoodinium 26, 320, 344, 352 –– westii var. areolatum 246 –– limneticum 352, 354, 354 –– wierzejskii 309 –– pillulare 352, 353 –– wierzejskii f. carpaticum, nom. inval. 309 plana, Massartia 118 –– wierzejskii var. minus 308 planctonicum, Gymnodinium 348 –– wildemanii 233 planktonicum, Peridinium caudatum var. 208 –– willei 29, 35, 246, 262, 262, 263, 264, 277 planulum, Glenodinium 473 –– willei f. lineatum 264, 264 planulum, Peridinium 473 –– willei f. sphaericum 264, 264 planum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 118, 119 –– willei f. stagnale 264, 265 planum, Katodinium 118 –– willei var. botanicum 268 platygaster, Glochidinium 200, 201, 202 –– willei var. carinthiacum 262 playfairii, Peridinium 9, 272, 277, 277 –– wisconsinense 10, 29, 271, 271 playfairii, Prorocentrum 449, 450, 450, 451 –– zonatum 246, 257, 259 poculiferum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 119, 119 Pfiesteria 292, 293 polonica, Gonyaulax 179 –– piscicida 293 polonica, Peridiniopsis 37, 315 –– shumwayae 46, 293, 294 polonicum, Naiadinium 4, 21, 25, 37, 38, 314, Pfiesteriaceae 25, 53, 292, 292 315, 315, 316 phaseolus, Cystodinium 394, 401, 407, 408 polonicum, Peridinium 4, 37, 315, 317 phaseolus, Dinopodiella 434 polonicum, Sphaerodinium 339, 340, 340 phaseolus, Stylodinium 429, 434, 435 polonicum, Sphaerodinium cinctum var. 340 phthartum, Amphidinium 157 polyedrum, Lingulodinium 15 phthartum, Nusuttodinium 144, 157, 157 Polykrikos 62 polylophum, Glenodinium 10, 338 Index 555 polylophum, Lophodinium 337, 338, 338 pseudopalustre, Gymnodinium 346 polymorphum, Stylodinium 429, 435, 436 pseudopalustris, Biecheleria 27, 344, 345, polyplastidum, Katodinium 116 346, 346, 347 Poroperidinium, Peridinium sect. 270 pseudopalustris, Woloszynskia 346 Poroperidinium, Peridinium subg. 245, 270 pseudopenardii, Peridinium elpatiewskyi posthiemale, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 120, 120 var. 238 pratense, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 120, 121 pseudopenardii, Peridinium marchicum var. pratensis, Massartia 120 simplex f. 238 pretiosa, Glenodiniopsis 9, 184, 186, 186 Pseudopfiesteria Proaulax –– shumwayae 293 –– corpusculum 473 pseudoquadridens, Peridinium cunningtonii procubans, Phytodinedria 420, 423, 424 var. 233 profundum, Gymnodinium 77, 78 pseudosanguineum, Leiocephalium IX, 351, Properidinium 351 –– apiculatum 202 pseudostigmosum, Glenodinium 454, 462, 462 –– inaequale 207 ptyrtica, Massartia 371 Prorocentraceae 448 ptyrticum, Katodinium 371 Prorocentrales 13, 26, 52, 54, 448 pulvisculus, Glenodinium 454, 463, 463 Prorocentrineae 448 pulvisculus, Gymnodinium 463 Prorocentrinen 448 pulvisculus, Peridinium 463 Prorocentrum 11, 14, 448, 450, 451, 474 punctulatum, Glenodinium 454, 463, 464 –– foveolatum 449, 449, 449, 450 punctulatum, Peridinium lomnickii var. 306 –– lima 450, 451 purpureum, Gymnodinium 67, 69, 121, 122 –– manshuricum 448, 474 purpureum, Hemidinium 332, 336, 337 –– micans 448 pusillum, Amphidinium 99, 100 –– ovoideum 468 pusillum, Glenodinium 225 –– playfairii 449, 450, 450, 451 pusillum, Gymnodinium 67, 123, 123 Prosoaulax 14, 320, 344, 345, 355 pusillum, Gyrodinium 123 –– lacustris 46, 355, 355, 356, 357 pusillum, Parvodinium 207, 225, 225 –– multiplex 355, 357, 357 pusillum, Peridinium 225 –– viridis 355, 357, 357 pusillum, Spirodinium 123 Protodinium 320, 344, 345, 358 pygmaea, Peridiniopsis 237, 240, 241 –– simplex 358, 358 pygmaeum, Peridinium 240 Protoperidiniaceae 26, 181, 198, 284 Pyxidicula Protoperidinium 181, 198, 199, 263, 284, 289 –– compressa 448 –– achromaticum 284, 289, 290 –– hangoei 305 –– limbatum 275 Q –– pellucidum 289 quadrangulare, Stylodinium 429, 435, 437 Pseudoactiniscus 62, 64 quadridens, Glenodinium 243 –– apentasterias 64, 65 quadridens, Peridiniopsis 243, 243 pseudochraceum, Hemidinium 332, 336, 336 quadridens, Peridinium 243 pseudocunningtonii, Peridinium elpatiewskyi quadrispinum, Peridinium cunningtonii f. 234 var. 238 quinquecuspidata, Heterocapsa 237 pseudointermedium, Peridinium 283 quinquecuspidata, Peridiniopsis 236, 236 pseudolaeve, Peridinium 205 quinquecuspidatum, Peridinium cunningtonii pseudolaevis, Palatinus 202, 205, 206 var. 236 pseudomirabile, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 121, 122 556 Index R S Raciborskia 414 saginatum, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 127, 127 –– bicornis 414 salebrosa, Kolkwitziella 287 –– incus 416 sanctipaulense, Amphidinium kesslitzii –– inermis 390, 414 var. 100 –– oedogonii 414 sanctipaulense, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 128, raciborskii, Peridinium 9, 246, 255, 256, 257 128 raciborskii, Peridinium palustre var. 255 sanctipaulense, Gymnodinium kesslitzii radiatum, Amphidinium 124 var. 69, 100, 100 radiatum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 70, 124, sanctipaulense, Katodinium 128 124, 130 sanguinea, Tovellia 18, 374, 384, 385 rarum, Gymnodinium 72, 125, 125, 126 sanguineum (H. J. Carter) Diesing, Gleno- regulare, Glenodinium, nom. inval. 475 dinium 384 regulatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 247 sanguineum Marchesoni, Glenodinium, nom. regulatum, Peridinium cinctum var. 247 illeg. 324, 384 reniformis, Phytodinedria 420, 423, 424 sauerzopfii, Amphidinium 355 reticulata, Woloszynskia 386, 387, 387 scallense, Peridinium 247 rhenanum, Peridinium 246 schilleri, Amphidinium 467 rhinophoron, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 126, 126 schilleri, Cystodinium 398 rhinophoron, Gymnodinium lantzschii var. 126 schilleri, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 128, 128 Rhizodiniales 58 schilleri, Katodinium 128 Rhizophydium schilleri, Massartia 128 –– oedogonii 414 schuettii, Gymnodinium 67, 129, 129 rhomboides, Peridiniopsis 193, 194 scotticum, Ceratium hirundinella morpho- rhomvoides, Ceratium 164, 165, 167, 175, type 167, 168 177, 178 Scrippsiella 292, 298 robusta, Peridiniopsis penardii var. 197 –– hangoei 28, 305 robustum, Ceratium hirundinella morpho- scrobiculata, Exuviaella lima var. 449 type 167, 168 sedens, Glenodinium 234 robustum, Unruhdinium penardii var. 190, segriense, Glenodinium 454, 459, 464, 464 197, 197 semicirculatum, Peridinium 247 roseolum, Amphidinium 470 setosa, Phytodinedria 420, 424, 425 roseolum, Glenodinium 470 sexangulare, Dinastridium 411, 411, 412 roseolum, Gymnodinium 470 shumwayae, Pfiesteria 46, 293, 294 rotundatum, Glenodinium 471 shumwayae, Pseudopfiesteria 293 rotundatum, Gymnodinium 86, 410, 411 sibbaldii, Amphidiniopsis 284, 285 rotundatum, Gymnodinium uberrimum var. 86, silesiacum, Ceratium furcoides morpho- 410 type 176, 176 rotundum, Peridinium hieroglyphicum silvatica, Borghiella 323, 328, 328 var. 269 silvaticum, Gyrodinium 328 rufescens, Gymnodinium 108 silvaticum, Spirodinium 328 rufescens, Gymnodinium mirabile var. 108, simile, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 129, 129 110 simplex (Lohmann) Kofoid & Swezy, Gymno- Rufusiella 443, 446 dinium 358 –– insignis 446, 447 simplex Dangeard, Gymnodinium, nom. rugosum, Peridinium striolatum f. 261 illeg. 358 rugosum, Peridinium striolatum var. 261, 261 simplex, Peridinium marchicum var. 238 ruttneri, Amphidinium 127 simplex, Phytodinium 417, 425, 426, 426, 426 ruttneri, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 127, 127 Index 557 simplex, Protodinium 358, 358 spiniferum, Peridinium umbonatum var. 209 simplex, Tetradinium 439, 440, 442 spinulosum, Parvodinium africanum var. 213, sinuatum, Gymnodinium 472 213 sinuatum, Peridinium guestrowiense f. 265 spinulosum (Wołoszyńska) Er. Lindemann, sinuatum, Peridinium volzii f. 265 Peridinium, nom. illeg. 213 skujae, Amphidinium 355 spinulosum G. Murray & Whitting, Peri- skvortsowii, Gymnodinium 364 dinium 213 soligenum, Esoptrodinium 336 spinulosum, Peridinium africanum f. 213 soligenum, Hemidinium 332, 336, 337 spinulosum, Peridinium tatricum var. 213 sonfonense, Cystodinium 394, 409, 409 spirale, Gymnodinium 160 sparsa, Biecheleria ordinata var. 350, 350 spirale, Gyrodinium 160 sparsum, Gymnodinium ordinatum var. 350 spirodinioides, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 130, 131 Speroidium VIII, 293, 294 spirodinioides, Katodinium, nom. inval. 130 –– austriacum 294, 296, 296 Spirodinium 160 –– fungiforme 294, 294, 295, 296 –– hyalinum 94 sphaera, Stylodinium 429, 436, 437 –– pusillum 123 sphaericum, Gymnodinium 417 –– pusillum var. minus 123 sphaericum, Hypnodinium 417, 419 –– silvaticum 328 sphaericum, Peridinium willei f. 264, 264 –– vorticella 372 Sphaerodiniaceae VIII, 19, 53, 319, 320, 339 splendidum, Chimonodinium lomnickii Sphaerodinium 7, 10, 20, 320, 339, 344, 453 var. 299, 308, 309 –– cinctum var. javanicum 342 splendidum, Glenodinium lomnickii var. 308 –– cinctum var. limneticum 343 splendidum, Peridinium lomnickii var. 308 –– cinctum var. polonicum 340 stagnale, Gymnodinium 355 –– cinctum var. polonicum f. tatricum 341 stagnale, Peridinium 300 –– cracoviense 40, 339, 341, 342 stagnale, Peridinium willei f. 264, 265 –– fimbriatum 10, 339, 342, 343 Staszicella 7, 198, 199, 280 –– javanicum 339, 342, 343 –– dinobryonis 280, 281, 282, 428 –– limneticum 339, 343, 344, 453 steinii, Amphidinium 60, 61 –– polonicum 339, 340, 340 steinii, Amphidinium operculatum var. 60 –– polonicum var. tatricum 339, 341, 341 steinii, Cystodinium 398 sphaeroidea, Peridiniopsis 227, 233, 233 steinii (Lemmermann) Wołoszyńska, Glenodini- sphaeroideum Christen, Peridinium, nom. opsis, nom. illeg. 184 illeg. 233 steinii Wołoszyńska, Glenodiniopsis 184 sphaeroideum L. Mangin, Peridinium 233 steinii, Glenodinium 184 sphagnicola, Amphidinium 130 steinii, Gymnodinium 398 sphagnicola, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 125, 130, steinii, Gyrodinium 95 130 steinmannii, Peridinium 9, 220 spiculiferum, Glenodinium 220 stellatum, Phytodinium 426, 427, 428 spinifera, Gonyaulax 178 stigmatica, Massartia 367 Spiniferodinium 65, 106, 114 stigmaticum, Gymnodinium 367 –– limneticum 105 stigmaticum, Katodinium 367 –– palustre 113 stoschii, Tovellia 374, 385, 386 spiniferum, Parvodinium umbonatum var. 209, stoschii, Woloszynskia 385 210 striolatum Playfair, Peridinium 10, 259, 259, spiniferum, Peridinium inconspicuum f. 220 267 spiniferum, Peridinium munusculum f. 220 striolatum Wailes, Peridinium, nom. illeg. 259, spiniferum, Peridinium munusculum var. 267 contactum f. 220 stylatum, Peridinium laeve var. 203 558 Index

Stylodinium 6, 389, 428, 440 tenuirostre, Cystodinium steinii f. 400 –– africanum (Bourrelly) Bourrelly, nom. tenuissima, Borghiella 13, 323, 329, 329, illeg. 435 381, 461 –– africanum Bourrelly 429, 430, 431, 435 tenuissima, Woloszynskia 329 –– baumeisteri 429, 431, 431 tenuissimum, Gymnodinium 329 –– bavariense 429 terrum, Gymnodinium 472 –– cerasiforme 429, 431, 432, 438 tetraceras, Ceratium 164, 165 –– globosum 428, 429, 429, 430 Tetradinium 6, 14, 389, 439 –– gracile 429, 432, 433 –– chiastosporum 85 –– grande 429, 433, 434 –– chiastosporum var. armatum 86 –– lindemannii 429 –– intermedium 440 –– longipes 429, 433, 434 –– intermedium var. longipes 440 –– phaseolus 429, 434, 435 –– javanicum 439, 440, 441 –– polymorphum 429, 435, 436 –– minus 439, 440, 442 –– quadrangulare 429, 435, 437 –– simplex 439, 440, 442 –– sphaera 429, 436, 437 tetragonops, Katodinium 371 –– tarnum 428, 429, 437, 438 tetragonops, Massartia 371 –– truncatum 428, 429, 439, 439 tetragonops, Opisthoaulax 366, 371, 372 submontanum, Gymnodinium 77, 78 Thecadiniaceae 181, 290 Suessiaceae 19, 53, 319, 320, 344 Thecadinidae 290 Suessiales 19, 20, 52, 53, 54, 319 Thecadiniopsis 291 suttonii, Peridinium 233 –– tasmanica 291, 291 sydneyense, Peridinium, nom. inval. 277 Thecadinium 11 Theleodinium 298, 317 –– calcisporum 25, 317, 318, 319 T thomasii, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 132, 132 tabulatum, Glenodinium 272 Thompsodinium 9, 10, 199, 282, 283 tabulatum, Peridinium 272 –– intermedium 10, 282, 283, 283 tabulatum, Peridinium bipes f. 272 thompsonii, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 132, 133 tarnum, Stylodinium 428, 429, 437, 438 thompsonii, Peridiniopsis 244, 244 tasmanica, Thecadiniopsis 291, 291 Thoracosphaera 292, 298 tatrae, Amphidinium 355 Thoracosphaeraceae 53, 292, 293, 298 tatricum, Gloeodinium montanum var. 444, Thoracosphaerales 19, 20, 25, 52, 53, 292 445 titubans, Gymnodinium 72, 133, 134 tatricum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 131, 131 tjibodense, Peridinium javanicum var. 219 tatricum, Hemidinium nasutum var. 444 toporense, Peridinium umbonatum var., nom. tatricum, Parvodinium africanum var. 213, inval. 475 214 Tovellia 18, 47, 137, 328, 359, 360, 365, 366, tatricum, Peridinium 213 373, 380, 462, 472 tatricum, Peridinium africanum f. 213 –– apiculata 374, 375, 377 tatricum, Peridinium africanum var. 213 –– aveirensis 374, 378, 378 tatricum, Sphaerodinium cinctum var. polon- –– coronata 373, 374, 375, 376, 379, 386 icum f. 341 –– diexiensis 380 tatricum, Sphaerodinium polonicum var. 339, –– dodgei 374, 379, 380 341, 341 –– glabra 374, 379, 381 tenagodes, Amphidinium 355 –– leopoliensis 359, 374, 381, 382 tenuirostre, Cystodinium cornifax var. 400, –– nygaardii 374, 382, 383 400 –– paldangensis 374, 383, 384 Index 559

–– sanguinea 18, 374, 384, 385 Unruhdinium 15, 187, 190 –– stoschii 374, 385, 386 –– armebeense 190, 191, 192 Tovelliaceae 19, 20, 21, 359, 472 –– durandii 187, 190, 192, 193 Tovelliales VIII, 7, 19, 26, 47, 52, 54, 359 –– jiulongense 190, 190, 191 treubii, Glenodinium quadridens var. 235 –– kevei 187, 190, 193, 194 treubii, Peridiniopsis cunningtonii var. 235, –– minimum 196, 197 236 –– niei 190, 195, 195 treubii, Peridinium 9, 235 –– penardii 190, 191, 195, 196 treubii, Peridinium cunningtonii f. 235 –– penardii var. maius 197, 197 triceratium, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 133, 134 –– penardii var. robustum 190, 197, 197 tridentatum, Gymnodinium 72, 73, 135, 135 Urococcus trilineatum, Peridinium polonicum var. 315 –– insignis 446 truncatum, Peridinium 474 truncatum, Peridinium striolatum f. 261 truncatum, Peridinium striolatum var. 261, V 261 vancouverense, Peridinium 267 truncatum, Stylodinium 428, 429, 439, 439 vancouverense, Peridinium volzii f. 267, 268 tuberosum, Peridinium 250 varians, Dinamoeba 59 tuberosum, Peridinium cinctum f. 250 varians, Dinamoebidium 59 tuberosum, Peridinium cinctum var. 250, varians, Gymnodinium 68, 71, 138, 138 251, 254 veris, Gymnodinium, nom. illeg. 330 tubulifera, Peridiniopsis cristata var. 231, 232 veris, Woloszynskia, nom. illeg. 137, 330 tumidum, Hemidinium 332 vernale, Amphidinium 355 turfosum, Glenodinium 471 vernale, Glenodinium 471 turicense, Amphidinium 355 vernale, Gymnodinium 138, 355 tylota, Woloszynskia 136 vernale, Katodinium 138, 370 tylotum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 82, 136, 136, vernum, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 138, 139, 370 137, 328, 370 verrucosum, Dinastridium 411 Tyrannodinium 293, 296 vierae, Gymnodinium 67, 139, 140 –– berolinense 296, 297 vierae, Katodinium 139 –– berolinense var. apiculatum 297, 298 vigrense, Amphidinium 147, 148 –– edax 8, 296, 297, 297 viguieri, Glenodinium 245 viguieri, Peridiniopsis 245, 245 viguieri, Peridinium 245 U vindobonense, Glenodinium 454, 465, 465 uberrimum, Gymnodinium 109, 157, 474 viridaliut, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 101, 139, 140 uberrimum, Melodinium, nom. inval. 474 viride, Amphidinium 357 uberrimum, Peridinium 109, 474 viride, Glenodinium 471 uliginosa, Glenodiniopsis 184, 184, 185 viride, Gymnodinium 157 uliginosum, Glenodinium 184, 186 viride, Katodinium 67, 159, 159 uliginosum, Peridinium 184 viride, Nusuttodinium 143, 157, 158 umbonatum, Parvodinium 30, 31, 35, 206, viridis, Prosoaulax 355, 357, 357 207, 207, 208, 457 volzii, Peridinium 9, 31, 246, 262, 264, 265, umbonatum, Peridinium 207, 396 266, 277 undulatum, Gymnodinium 68, 69, 137, 137 vorax, Amphidinium 357 unicorne, Cystodinium 87, 394, 410, 410, 411 Vorticella unicorne, Gymnocystodinium 410 –– cincta 3, 246 unicorne, Gymnodinium 410 vorticella, Gymnodinium 367 560 Index vorticella, Gyrodinium 367 –– tenuissima 329 vorticella, Katodinium 367 –– tylota 136 vorticella, Massartia 367, 372 –– veris, nom. illeg. 137, 330 vorticella, Opisthoaulax 121, 365, 366, 367, 367 vorticella, Spirodinium 372 Y yuennanense, Ceratium furcoides morphotype 176, 176 W waltzii, Gymnodinium 72, 74, 140, 141 Warnowiaceae 15, 19 Z wawrikae, Gymnodinium 67, 141, 142 zachariasii, Gymnodinium 113 westii, Peridinium 249 zonatum, Peridinium 246, 257, 259 westii, Peridinium cinctum f. 40, 249, 249 zonatum, Peridinium cinctum f. 250, 250 westii, Peridinium tabulatum var. 249 zonatum, Peridinium gatunense var. 257 wierzejskii, Chimonodinium lomnickii zonatum, Peridinium tabulatum var. 257 var. 300, 309, 310 wierzejskii, Glenodinium lomnickii var. 309 wierzejskii, Peridinium 309 wigrense, Gymnodinium 68, 70, 141, 142 wildemanii, Glenodinium quadridens var. 234 wildemanii, Peridinium 233 wildemanii, Peridinium cunningtonii var. 233 willei, Peridinium 29, 35, 246, 262, 262, 263, 264, 277 wisconsinense, Peridinium 10, 29, 271, 271 wislouchii, Exuviaella 468 woloszynskae, Borghiella 323, 329, 330, 330 woloszynskae, Gymnodinium 330 woloszynskae, Hemidinium 336, 473 woloszynskae, Katodinium 372 woloszynskae, Massartia 372 woloszynskae, Opisthoaulax 21, 366, 372, 373 Woloszynskia 10, 359, 360, 386 –– apiculata 375 –– biciliata 471 –– cestocoetes 348 –– coronata 375 –– hiemalis 302, 362 –– leopoliensis 377, 381 –– limnetica 362, 364 –– mira, nom. inval. 110 –– neglecta 364 –– ordinata 349 –– pascheri 326, 327 –– pseudopalustris 346 –– reticulata 386, 387, 387 –– stoschii 385 Volumes of the Freshwater Flora of Central Europe

(for volumes available on the market, the year of publication is provided in brackets)

Vol. 1/1: Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae (1985) Vol. 1/2: Chrysophyte and Haptophyte Algae (Synurophyceae) (2007) Vol. 2/1: Bacillariophyceae (Naviculaceae) (1999) Vol. 2/2: Bacillariophyceae (Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae) (1999) Vol. 2/3: Bacillariophyceae (Centrales; Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae) (2004) Vol. 2/4: Bacillariophyceae (Achnanthaceae; Literature) (2004) Vol. 2/5: Bacillariophyceae (English and French translation of the keys) (2000) Vol. 3: Xanthophyceae 1. Teil (1978) Vol. 4: Xanthophyceae 2. Teil (1980) Vol. 5: Cryptophyceae and Raphidophyceae (in prep.) Vol. 6: Dinophyta (this volume) Vol. 7: Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae (2011) Vol. 8: Euglenophyta (in prep.) Vol. 9: Chlorophyta I (Phytomonadina) (1983) Vol. 10: Chlorophyta II (Chlorophyceae p. p.: Chlorococcales) (1988) Vol. 11: Chlorophyta III (Chlorophyceae p. p.: Sphaeropleales) Vol. 12: Chlorophyta IV (Chlorophyceae p. p.: Chaetopeltidales, Chaetophorales) Vol. 13: Chlorophyta V (Ulvophyceae) (2018) Vol. 14: Chlorophyta VI (Oedogoniophyceae: Oedogoniales) (1985) Vol. 15: Chlorophyta VII(Trebouxiophyceae: Chlorellales, Oocystales) Vol. 16: Charophyta I (Zygnematales) (1984) Vol. 17: Charophyta II (Desmidiales) (in prep.) Vol. 18: Charophyta III (Charophyceae: Charales) (1997) Vol. 19/1: Cyanoprokaryota I (Chroococcales) (1998) Vol. 19/2: Cyanoprokaryota II (Oscillatoriales (2005) Vol. 19/3: Cyanoprokaryota III (Heterocytous Genera) (2013) Vol. 20: Schizomycetes (1982) Vol. 21/1: Fungi 1. Teil Lichens (Lichens) (2009) Vol. 21/2: Fungi Vol. 22: Bryophyta Vol. 23: Pterido- und Anthophyta 1. Teil Lycopodiaceae – Orchidaceae (1980) Vol. 24: Pterido- und Anthophyta 2. Teil: Saururaceae – Asteraceae (1981)