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615.954Foo3rded.Pdf Index Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses), 47ll-1 (AIDS), 451-3, 474, 475 second intermediate hosts, 471 Acromelic acids, 605 Arcobacterspp., 272-3 Acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis see Arizona spp., 344 Noroviruses Ascaris suum, 476 Adenoviruses,404 Aspergillusflavus, A. parasiticus see Aeromonas spp., 342-3 Aflatoxin Aeramonas hydrophile, 342-3 Aspergillus mycotoxins (nitropropionic acid, Aflatoxin, 586--9, 609-12 territrems, sterigmatocystin), 597--8 Aspergillusjlavus, A. parasiticus, 586 Astroviruses, 402-3 biosynthesis, 587-8 carcinogenesis in humans, 588-9 Bacillary dysentery, 359-60 ebselen, 625 Bacillus cereus gastroenteritis, 563-77, hepatitis B virus and carcinogenesis, contemporary problems, 564 588-9 historical aspects, 563--4 human foods (com, cotton seeds, peanuts, outbreaks, 57ll-1 tree nuts), 588 treatment and prevention. 577 Agaricus bisporus, 606 Bacillus cereus, 56&-75 AIDS see Acquired immunodeficiency antibodies, 574-5 syndrome characteristics, 564-5 Alcaligenes[aecalis, 343--4 chemical preservatives, 572 Allyl isothiocyanates, 694 detection, 573--4 Alternaria mycotoxins, 600 growth and survival, 572 Amanita spp. toxins (amanitins, growth temperature, 568 phallotoxins, virotoxins). 602-3 isolation, 573 ibotenic acid (lBA), 604 peR test, 574 isoxazoles, 605 prevalence in foods. 571-2 muscarine (MUS), 604-5 spore antibodies, 574-5 Amnesic shellfish poisoning (domoic acid), spores, germination, 572 676,682--4 spores, heat resistance of, 572 Pseudo-nitzschia spp., 682-3 virulence mechanism, 569 Ancylostoma spp., 476 Bacillus cereus typing, 575-6 Anisakis simplex & Pseudoterranova amplified fragment length polymorphism, decipiens, 470-1 575 cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises), automated ribotyping, 575 47ll-1 fatty acid analysis foods (ceviche, sashimi, sushi), 471 phage typing, 575 886 Index Bacillus cereus typing (Continued) saxitoxin in the rumen, 699 poly random amplified polymorphic DNA Brucella spp., 346-7 poul test, 575 Botulism, 493-8 poul Bacillus cereus toxin detection, 576 adult infectious botulism, 497-8 proc boar spermatozoa bioassay, 576 animal botulism, 499-500 reac ELISA, 576 birds, 500 2J reversed passive latex agglutination, 576 case fatality rate, 495 risk vera cell cytotoxicity, 576 cattle, 499 SUTV Bacillus cereus diarrheal syndrome, 566--9 diagnosis, 494 treat incubation time, 568,569 dog, 499 typir infective dose, 568,569 fish, 499 wate pathogenesis, 566-9 foodbome, 495-ll wildl sign, & symptom" 566 foods associated with, 503--4 zoon treatment & prevention, 577 historical aspects, 486 Campy. Bacillus cereus enterotoxin. 567-9 incidence in humans, 502 C.co enzyme inactivation, 568 incidence in USA, 494 Cfe, in foods, 571-2 incubation time, 495 Ch> mode of action, 569 infant botulism, 496-7 c. la. pH resistance, 568 mink,499 Cup Bacillus cereus emetic syndrome, 569-70 signs and symptoms, 495 Canava cereulide, 570 treatment, 494-5, 497 alfaU emetic toxin. 570 wound botulism, 496 lathy pathogenesis, 570 Botulinum toxin, 492--508 Capillai signs & symptoms, 569 detection, 506-8 Carcinc toxin detection, 576 enzyme-linked coagulation assay, 507 Case-cc Bacillus spp., 344-{i, 670-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 507 Cassava B. anthracis. 345 hemagglutination inhibition, 507 Cestode B. cereus, 670 hemagglutination, 493 Ceviche B. subtilis, 346 molecular size, 493 Chemic toxins. 670 molecular structure, 493 Bacil. Bacilli other than B. cereus, 576 mouse test, 506-7 Bacil, Bacterial growth in canned foods offensive weapon, 498-9 Clost. Bacterial toxins, 669-73 plasmids, 493 Clost, endotoxins, 672 therapeutic use of, 498 Lister Enterobacteriaceae, 672 typing, 507 nitriu enterococci, 672 Botulinum toxin formation, 503--4 parat streptococci, group B, 672 anaerobiosis, 503-4 phenr Bayliascaris procyonts. 476 foods associated with, 503--4 phos; Biofilm,,792-5 pH effects, 503 Salmc accumulation, 793 temperature, 503--4 Staph benefits, 798-9 water activity, 504 sulfiu biological removal, 798 Ciguate chemical removal, 797 Campyiobacterjejuni, 259-270 dinofl detachment, 795 cattle, pigs & sheep, 266 etc. development, 793 classification, 260 Citreovi formation, 794-5 culturing, 267 Citrinin physical removal, 797 farm-level controls. 268-9 Citrobac structure, 795-7 fluoroquinolones. ze'i Clavicep Bonkrekic toxin & toxoflavin, 669-70 food,267 Cleanin, Burkholderia cocovenenans, 669-70 Guillain-Barre syndrome, 259, 261-2 acidc Bovine paraplegic syndrome, 699-700 Infection in humans, 261-5 alkali Clostridium perfringens type D, 700 milk, unpasteurized, 264, 267 chlori Lactobacillus vitulinum, 700 pathogenesis, 260 c1eani Index 887 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 268 enzyme-based cleaners, 751 poultry reservoirs, 266 soaps, 749 poultry consumption, 263-4 syntheticdetergents, 750-1 processingcontrols. 269 Cluocybe spp. toxins, 604-5 reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome), Clonorchis sinensis, 471-2 259,262 adult worms,471 risk factors, 263-5 cyprinid fish, 471 survival in environment, 260-1 snail host, 471 treatment of acutecarnpylobacteriosis., 262 Clostridium bifermentans, 348 typing, 268 Clostridium perfringens, [37-163 water, 264-5, 267 alpha toxin method, 163 wildlife reservoirs, 265--6 bacteriocintyping, 159 zoonotic transmission, 265, 270 butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 146 Campy/abaeter spp., other thanjejuni, 270-2 confirmatory tests, ]61-2 C coli, 261 cooling, low temperatures., 144-5 Cc fetus subspeciesjeres, 271 curedmeat products, 147 C. hvointesunalis. 27L description, 138 C lari,271 diseasesassociated, ]48 C. upsaliensis, 271-2 enterotoxin (CPE), 139-42, 147-52, Canavanine, 697-8 156-7,162 alfalfa sprouts, Jackbean, 697 enterotoxin activation, 156 lathyrism, 698 enterotoxin assays., serological. 162 Capillaria philipiensis. 469-70 enterotoxin biochemicalcharacteristics, Carcinogenic poisonous mushrooms,605-6 156 Case-control study, 18-24, 105-S enterotoxinmode of action, 150-2 Cassava (Man/hal esculentas, 690-1, 694 enterotoxin purification, 157 Cestode in fish, 473 enumeration, )60 Ceviche, 470, 471 environmental reservoirs, 154 Chemicalantimicrobials, 746-9 fecal shedding, 153-4 Bacillus spp., 747 feeding studies, 149 Bacillus cereus, 748 foodbome illness symptoms, 148-9 Clostridium botulinum, 747 food reservoirs, 154-5 Clostridium perfringens, 747 gene probes for enterotoxigenicity, 163 Lister/a, 747, 748, 749 generation times, 143 nitrites, 747 germination of spores, 142-3 parabens, 748-9 heat resistance of spores., 142 phenolicantioxidants, 749 hemorrhagic necrosisof thejejunum phosphates, 748 ('pig-bel'), 149 Salmonella, 747 incidence of food poisoning, 152-3 Staphylococcus aureus. 748, 749 irradiation, gamma, ]43 sulfites, 747-8 isolation, 160-2 Ciguatera fish poisoning, 675, 677-8 moleculargenetics, 147--8 dinoflagellates tGambierdiscus toxicus, outbreakcriteria, ]57 etc.), 678 oxidation-reduction potential (~), 145-.Q Citreoviridin see Penicillium mycoroxins pH, 146 Citrinin see Penicillium mycotoxins plating media, 160 Citrobacter spp., 347-8 prevention. 155 Ctaviceps purpurea, C. paspali.601 pulsed field gel electrophoresis, (PFGE), Cleaning media, 749--51 159 acid compounds, 750 randomamplified polymorphic DNA alkaline compounds, 750 (RAPD) analysis, 159 chlorinecleaners, 750 ribotyping, 159-.Q0 cleaningauxiliaries., 75] serotyping, 158 888 Index Clostridium perfringens (Continued) Cortine//us shitake, 606 anti sodium chloride, sodium nitrite, 146 Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 348-9 dete sporulation, 138-42 Colton seeds, 588 dial temperature effect on vegetative cell Coumarin, 693 dise growth, 143-5 Coxiella burnetii, 349-50 fooc thermal injury, recovery of spores, 143 Coxsackieviruses see Enteroviruses grOl toxin typing, 157-8 Cryplosporidiwn hominis, C. parvum. 474-5 hem vehicles, food, 153 AIDS patients, 475 o water activity, 146 Cyanobacterial intoxications, 685-7 info Western immunoblots, enterotoxin, 162 Anabena, Aphanazomenom. Nodularia, locu Clostridium botulinum, 485-508 Osctllatoria, 686 non antibiotic resistance, 505-6 anatoxin-a(s),686 2' characteristics, 487-92 drinking water, 685--6 015 classification, 487-9 Mytilus edulis. 686-7 015 detection. 504-6 Cyanogenic glycosldes, 396-4 path DNA homology, 487-8 cassava. Lima beans, bitter almonds, 694 qUOI enrichment, 504-5 seeds of fruits, 693 Shig geographic distribution, 501-2 Cyclochloritine see Penicillium mycotoxins surv germination. 489-91 Cyclopiazonic acid (PA) see Penicillium treat groups of, 487--1l mycotoxins vacc growth, 491 Cyclospora cayetanensis, 474 virul heat activation, 489~90, 505 Cysticercosis see Taenia sagtnata Entero identification, 506 Entero isclaton, 505-6 DANMAP,67 22 metabolism, 487-8 Deoxynivalenol (DON) see Trichothecene dete oxidation-reduction potential, 491 (TCTC) mycotoxins EAS pH requirements, 491 Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), 675, locus plasmids, 488-93 684 patb polymerase chain reaction Dinophysis spp., 684 Enteroi proteolysis, 487--1l okadaic acid, pectenctoxins, yessotoxin, color random amplified polymorphic DNA 684 dera analysis, 508 Dietary supplements, toxicology & safety, food' salt resistance, 487-8 700 imrm sporulation, 491-2 Diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC), 206,210 LTe' temperature requirements, 487-8, 492 Diphyllobothrium latum, 473 path. toxin production, 492-3 vitaminBl2,473 STe, toxin types, 487-8 Dose-response assessment, 42-3 Enterrr Closridium botulinum B in sous vide See also chapters on individual agents eel products, 720 dera Clostridium butyricum, 488, 496 Echinosstoma spp., 472-3 food Clostridium barati, 488,
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