America Not Discovered by Columbus [Microform] : a Historical Sketch Of
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Tous les autres exemplaires sion, and ending on the last page with a printed originaux sont film^s en commenpant par la or illustrated impression. premidre page qui comporte une em^'einte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Th9 last recorded frame on each microfiche Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la shall contain the symbol —^ (meaning "CON- dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), cas: le symbole — signifie "A SUIVRE ", le whichever applies. symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre different reduction ratios. Those too large to he filmis d des taux de reduction diffdrents. entirely included in one exposure are filmed Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir right and top to bottom, as many frames as de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de g.'^uche d droite, required. The following diagrams illustrate the et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre method: d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 m HISl America not Discovered by Columbis. A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE ^hmmi ttf ^mtim &g tlje |l0rsem«ii, IN THE TENTH CENTURY. Bv R. B. ANDERSOJSs A.M., Oc THK UmVKKSITV OF WISCONSIN. WITH AN APPENDIX ON THE HISTORICAL, LINGUISTIC, LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC VALUE OF THE SCANDINAVIAN LANGUAGES. CHICAGO: S. C. GRIGGS AND COMPANY LONDON: TRfBNER & CO, 1874. ^ US' 68443 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by S. C. GRIGGS AND COMPANY, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. y TO .STEPHEN H. CARPENTEK, LL.D., PROFB880K OF LoeiC, RHETORIC AND ENGLISH LiTBRATURB, WHOSE FRIENDSHIP AND SYMPATHY HAVE BEEN A COMFORT TO ME IN THE LINE OF STUDIES THAT I HAVE PURSUED, AND WHOSE VOICE HAS WHISPERED "COURAGE" WHEN- EVER I SEEMED TO PALTER IN DESPAIR, THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARF RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, AS A TRIBUTE OF GRATITUDE AND AFFECTION, BY THE AUTHOR. I" valiij C. C B. F R. ] othe] II. ( valuf I The that auth( the has 1 of tl inter PEEFAOE. "FN preparing this sketch, the author lias freely -*- made use of such material as he considered valuable for his purpose from the works of Torlbeus, C. C. Rafn J- T. Smith, N. L. Beamish, G. (rravier, B. F. De Costa, A. Davis, William and Mary Ilowitt, B. M. Ballantyne, P. A. Munch, R. Keyser, and others, and he is under special obligations to Dr. S. H. Carpenter, of the University of Wisconsin, for valuable suggestions. This sketch does not claim to be without faults. The style may seem dull and heavy, but it is hoped that the reader will be generous in criticising an author who now makes his first appearance before the American public. The object of this sketch has been to present a readable and truthful narrative of the Norse discovery of America, to create some f: interest in the people, the literature, and the early '& — VI PREFACE. institutions of Norway, and especially in Iceland, that lonely and weird island, — the Ultima Thule of the Greek Philosophers; and of the good or ill performance of the task, a generous public must be the judge. R. B. ANDERSON. University of Wisconsin, June 18, 1874. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. The Norsemen, and other Peoples, interested in THE Discovery of America, *J CHAPTER II. Norse Literature has been Neglected by the Learned Men op the Great Nations, - - - 15 CHAPTER III. Antiquity of America, 20 CHAPTER IV. Phenician, Greek, Irish, and Welsh Claims, - - 32 CHAPTER V. Who Were the Norsemen? 34 CHAPTER VI. Iceland, *® CHAPTER VII. Greenland, ^^ CHAPTER VIII. The Ships of the Norsemen, - 38 If h viii f •< >NTKNTH. CHAPTKR IX. The Sagas anm) I)o< uments auk (iJenuink, - - - 41 CHAPTER X. Bjarne Hekjui-fson, 1)80, • 45 CHAPTER XI. Leik Euikson, 1000, 48 CHAPTER XII. TnoRWALD EiuKsoN, 1003, 52 CHAPTER XIII. Thokstein F ukson, 1005, 56 CHAPTER XIV. TlIORKINN KaULSEFNE AND (iUDRID, 1007. - - - 57 CHAPTER XV. The Discovery ok America by Colimbus, - - - 03 CHAPTER XVI. Oiher Expeditions by the Norsemen, - ... 65 CHAPTER XVII. Conclusion, - - - 74 APPENDIX. The Scandinavian Lvncuacjes, - - - • - - 77 n ; CHAPTER I. THE NORSEMEN, AND OTHER PEOPLES, INTERESTED IN THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. rpiIIE object of the following pages is to present -^ the reader with a brief account of the discovery of, early voyages to, and settlements in the Western Continent by the Norsemen, and to prove that Co- lumbus must have had knowledge of this discovery l)y the Norsemen before lie started to find America and the author will not be surprised, if, in these pages, he should happen to throw out some thoughts which will conflict with the reader's previously- formed convictions about matters and things gen- erally, and about historical facts especially. The interest manifested by the reader of history is always greater the nearer the history which he reads is connected with his own country or with his own ancestors. The American student, on the one hand, loves 'Hi ft ¥ 10 AMERICA NOT DISCOVERED BY COLUMBUS. to gaze upon the pages of American history. He admires the resohition, the fortitude and persever- ance of the Pilgrim Fathers as they passed through tlieir varied scenes of hardship and adversity when they made their first settlement upon our New England shores; and his whole soul is filled with transporting emotions of delight or sympathy as he reads the thrilling incidents of the sufferings and the victories of his countrymen who fought for his as well as for their own freedom during rhe Revolu- tionary war.