DOCSLIB.ORG

"Women in Herodotus' "Histories"."

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

_________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses "Women in Herodotus' "Histories"." Georgiou, Irene-Evangelia How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Georgiou, Irene-Evangelia (2002) "Women in Herodotus' "Histories".". thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43005 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ Women in H erodotus’ H is t o r ie s Irene-Evangelia Georgiou Submitted to the University of Wales in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Wales Swansea 2 0 0 2 ProQuest Number: 10821395 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10821395 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 lib r a r y DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently sujynitted in candidature for any degree. Signe<^^ D a te jH.-.Q.l-. 0.3. STATEMENT 1 This thesis is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signal D ate 13 . QJ . 0 3 STATEMENT 2 I hereby consent for my thesis, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signe D ate............\ 3.. 77.P. .1.71 .Q .3 Abstract [Irene-Evangelia Georgiou,Women in Herodotus ’ Histories] This thesis examines the role of women in Herodotus'Histories. It is the first monograph-length study of this important topic at the intersection of two major fields in ancient studies. As ‘causes’, victims or warrior fighters, women in Herodotus enter the male domain of war, in which they display the same valour as their men, when circumstances call for it. As queens, wise advisors and passive vehicles of power, they exercise influence but they are not portrayed as spiteful usurpers. They only assume such power under specific circumstances, and are in these cases portrayed as serious political actors. Sometimes, women are shown to reverse their gender-roles with men. They take control when the male is in no position to do so himself, only to revert to their anonymity after they have reinstated normality and order. In Herodotus' ethnographic treatments, the representation of women is not dominated by promiscuity, wantonness or rule over the male. Rather, worlds of polyandry' and equality between the sexes are constructed. In the Persian world of Herodotus, women are not all-powerful rulers of men. If they are shown to exercise any influence, this is only in the context of the royal court. For the most part, they are pawns in Persian expansionism. As concubines, prostitutes and slaves, they are not presented as immoral, but rather as suffering fates imposed by the male, by custom or by war. Women's role in religious life is never questioned but is presented as one of utmost importance for thepolis. Table of C ontents A cknowledgements vi Introduction i I. Ancient authors 6 a. Homer 6 b. The Ionian logographers 9 1. Hecataeus 10 2. Xanthus 11 3. Charon 13 4. Hellanicus 14 c. Thucydides 16 d. Ctesias 18 II. Modern scholarship and Herodotus 21 CHAPTER ONE: WOMEN AND WAR 26 I. Women as 'causes' of war 26 a. Women being Taped' 27 1. lo 27 2. Europa 28 3. Medea 29 b. Women being ‘sexually immodest' 30 1. Io (again) 30 2. Helen 31 c. Women being ‘vengeful' 34 d. Women being‘sexually jealous' 35 II. Women in time of war 37 a. The male attitude towards women in wartime 38 b. The hardships of defeat 39 c. The female attitude towards war 41 III. Women associated with cowardice 43 a. A disgrace for men to be called or treated as ‘women’ 44 b. The pillars of king Sesostris 46 IV. Warlike women 46 a. Tomyris of the Massagetae 47 1. The onset o f the war 47 2. Cyrus ’ devious plan 49 3. Tomyris ’ vengeance and Cyrus' death 51 b. Pheretime of Cyrene 52 1. A determined woman 53 2. Pheretime’s cruel vengeance 54 3. Pheretime’s odious end 55 c. Artemisia of Halicarnassus 56 d. Amazons 59 1. The androgynous Amazons 60 i 2. Marriage and the customs o f the Amazons 63 3. The Amazons ’ role in Funeral oration 66 CHAPTER TWO: POWERFUL INDIVIDUALS 68 I. Powerful queens 68 a. Candaules’ wife 69 1. The king’s obsession 69 2. The queen’s revenge 72 b. Semiramis 76 c. Nitocris of Babylon 77 1. Nitocris’ building projects 78 2. Nitocris’provocative inscription and guile 80 d. Nitocris of Egypt 82 II. Wise advisors 84 a. Artemisia 85 b. Gorgo 87 c. Polycrates’ daughter 90 d. Periander’s daughter 91 e. Sesostris’ 'wife 92 f. Atossa 93 III. Women as vehicles of power 94 a. Atossa, Artystone and Cambyses’ sisters 95 b. Amasis’ daughter and Tomyris 95 c. Candaules’ wife 96 d. Agariste 96 e. Argeia 99 f. Labda 100 g. Mandane 103 h. Phronime 104 i. The wife of the Macedonian king and Perdiccas 105 j. Pisistratus’ wife and Phve 106 CHAPTER THREE: THE FEMALE SEX IN CHARGE 108 I. Women and reversed worlds 108 a. Women consorting with slaves 108 1. The Scythian women 109 2. The women o f Argos 111 b. Topsy-turvy customs 113 1. Egypt 113 2. Amazons (again) 117 c. Women‘on top’? 118 1. The Lemnian crime 118 2. The wives o f the Minyae 120 II. Women and colonisation 122 a. Reversed worlds, colonisation and refoundation of cities 122 1. Minyae (again) 123 2. The refoundation o f Argos 123 3. Amazons and the Sauromatan foundation account 124 ii b. Rape and colonisation 124 1. Carian women 125 2. Pelasgians and Lemnos (again) 126 c. Heracles and the serpent-woman: the establishment of a nation 126 III. Women and preservation of culture 129 a. Carian women and Athenian women in Lemnos (again) 130 b. Scyles’ mother 131 CHAPTER FOUR: WOMEN IN ETHNOGRAPHIES 133 I. Marriage, sex, promiscuity and prostitution 133 a. The Babylonian custom of marriage 133 b. Marital customs: a case of polyandry or wantonness? 137 1. Copulating in the open 137 2. Marriage and promiscuity 139 c. Polygamy and death 141 d. Egyptian marriage practices 142 e. Adultery in Egypt 143 II. Equality between sexes or rule of women? 145 a. Lycians: a case of matriarchy? 145 b. Amazons 146 c. Issedonean and Zauekean women 147 III. Sparta: a case of'otherness' 148 a. The Spartan royal funeral and ethnographic ‘otherness’ 148 b. Female initiative: Gorgo, Argeia and the wives of the Minyae 150 c. Herodotus on Spartan marital customs 150 1. Marriage by betrothal or capture? 151 2. Spartan intermarriage 154 3. Spartan monogamy or polygamy? 155 d. Succession and legitimacy 157 1. Porphyrogenesis or primogeniture? 157 2. The question o f Demaratus ’ legitimacy 158 CHAPTER FIVE: PERSIAN WOMEN 161 I. The harem 162 a. Ranking 163 1. The royal wives 164 2. The royal concubines 165 b. Harem arrangements 165 II. Powerful and politically influential women 166 a. Atossa 167 1. Atossa as the 'cause ’ of the Persian Wars 167 2. Atossa as 'all-powerful’ 170 b. Amestris 172 1. Xerxes and Artaynte: a fatal passion 173 2. Amestris’ revenge 176 c. Intaphrenes’ wife and Sataspes’ mother 179 III. Marriage practices among the Achaemenids 181 a. Marriage alliances among Persian kings 181 b. Members of the royalty and the nobility 183 1. Royal daughters and sisters 183 2. Noble daughters 183 IV. Customs of Achaemenid Persia 184 a. Children 185 b. Burial rites and mourning 185 c. Financial status 186 d. Public appearance or seclusion? 187 CHAPTER SIX: CONCUBINES, PROSTITUTES AND SLAVES 190 I. Concubines 191 a. Persian concubines 192 1. Origin 193 2. Status 193 3. Duties 194 b. Egyptian concubines 195 II. Prostitutes 196 a. Sacred prostitution in Babylon and Cyprus 197 b. Prostitution for financial purposes 199 1. Babylon 200 2. Lydia 200 3. Egypt 202 c. Prostitution for a purpose: king Rhampsinitus* daughter 204 III. Slaves ~ 205 a. Cyno 206 b. Rhodopis 208 c. The daughter of the Egyptian king Psammenitus 210 CHAPTER SEVEN: WOMEN AND RELIGION 213 I. Women and religious festivals 213 a. Egypt 214 1. Dionysiac worship 214 2.
Recommended publications
  • Art 258: Ancient and Medieval Art Spring 2016 Sched#20203

    Art 258: Ancient and Medieval Art Spring 2016 Sched#20203

    Art 258: Ancient and Medieval Art Spring 2016 Sched#20203 Dr. Woods: Office: Art 559; e-mail: [email protected] Office Hours: Monday and Friday 8:00-8:50 am Course Time and Location: MWF 10:00 – 10:50 HH221 Course Overview Art 258 is an introduction to western art from the earliest cave paintings through the age of Gothic Cathedrals. Sculpture, painting, architecture and crafts will be analyzed from an interdisciplinary perspective, for what they reveal about the religion, mythology, history, politics and social context of the periods in which they were created. Student Learning Outcomes Students will learn to recognize and identify all monuments on the syllabus, and to contextualize and interpret art as the product of specific historical, political, social and economic circumstances. Students will understand the general characteristics of each historical or stylistic period, and the differences and similarities between cultures and periods. The paper assignment will develop students’ skills in visual analysis, critical thinking and written communication. This is an Explorations course in the Humanities and Fine Arts. Completing this course will help you to do the following in greater depth: 1) analyze written, visual, or performed texts in the humanities and fine arts with sensitivity to their diverse cultural contexts and historical moments; 2) describe various aesthetic and other value systems and the ways they are communicated across time and cultures; 3) identify issues in the humanities that have personal and global relevance; 4) demonstrate the ability to approach complex problems and ask complex questions drawing upon knowledge of the humanities. Course Materials Text: F.
  • The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography

    The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography

    Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid.
  • Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese

    Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese

    Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA AN ancient city in Greece, the capital of Laconia and the most powerful state of the Peloponnese. The city lay at the northern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the river Eurotas, a little south of the point where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Oenus (mount Kelefina). The site is admirably fitted by nature to guard the only routes by which an army can penetrate Laconia from the land side, the Oenus and Eurotas valleys leading from Arcadia, its northern neighbour, and the Langada Pass over Mt Taygetus connecting Laconia and Messenia. At the same time its distance from the sea-Sparta is 27 m. from its seaport, Gythium, made it invulnerable to a maritime attack. I.-HISTORY Prehistoric Period.-Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who called the city after the name of his wife, the daughter of Eurotas. But Amyclae and Therapne (Therapnae) seem to have been in early times of greater importance than Sparta, the former a Minyan foundation a few miles to the south of Sparta, the latter probably the Achaean capital of Laconia and the seat of Menelaus, Agamemnon's younger brother. Eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, the Dorian migration took place. A band of Dorians united with a body of Aetolians to cross the Corinthian Gulf and invade the Peloponnese from the northwest. The Aetolians settled in Elis, the Dorians pushed up to the headwaters of the Alpheus, where they divided into two forces, one of which under Cresphontes invaded and later subdued Messenia, while the other, led by Aristodemus or, according to another version, by his twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, made its way down the Eurotas were new settlements were formed and gained Sparta, which became the Dorian capital of Laconia.
  • Persian Royal Ancestry

    Persian Royal Ancestry

    GRANHOLM GENEALOGY PERSIAN ROYAL ANCESTRY Achaemenid Dynasty from Greek mythical Perses, (705-550 BC) یشنماخه یهاشنهاش (Achaemenid Empire, (550-329 BC نايناساس (Sassanid Empire (224-c. 670 INTRODUCTION Persia, of which a large part was called Iran since 1935, has a well recorded history of our early royal ancestry. Two eras covered are here in two parts; the Achaemenid and Sassanian Empires, the first and last of the Pre-Islamic Persian dynasties. This ancestry begins with a connection of the Persian kings to the Greek mythology according to Plato. I have included these kind of connections between myth and history, the reader may decide if and where such a connection really takes place. Plato 428/427 BC – 348/347 BC), was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. King or Shah Cyrus the Great established the first dynasty of Persia about 550 BC. A special list, “Byzantine Emperors” is inserted (at page 27) after the first part showing the lineage from early Egyptian rulers to Cyrus the Great and to the last king of that dynasty, Artaxerxes II, whose daughter Rodogune became a Queen of Armenia. Their descendants tie into our lineage listed in my books about our lineage from our Byzantine, Russia and Poland. The second begins with King Ardashir I, the 59th great grandfather, reigned during 226-241 and ens with the last one, King Yazdagird III, the 43rd great grandfather, reigned during 632 – 651. He married Maria, a Byzantine Princess, which ties into our Byzantine Ancestry.
  • Greek and Roman Mythology and Heroic Legend

    Greek and Roman Mythology and Heroic Legend

    G RE E K AN D ROMAN M YTH O LOGY AN D H E R O I C LE GEN D By E D I N P ROFES SOR H . ST U G Translated from th e German and edited b y A M D i . A D TT . L tt LI ONEL B RN E , , TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE S Y a l TUD of Greek religion needs no po ogy , and should This mus v n need no bush . all t feel who ha e looked upo the ns ns and n creatio of the art it i pired . But to purify stre gthen admiration by the higher light of knowledge is no work o f ea se . No truth is more vital than the seemi ng paradox whi c h - declares that Greek myths are not nature myths . The ape - is not further removed from the man than is the nature myth from the religious fancy of the Greeks as we meet them in s Greek is and hi tory . The myth the child of the devout lovely imagi nation o f the noble rac e that dwelt around the e e s n s s u s A ga an. Coar e fa ta ie of br ti h forefathers in their Northern homes softened beneath the southern sun into a pure and u and s godly bea ty, thus gave birth to the divine form of n Hellenic religio . M c an c u s m c an s Comparative ythology tea h uch . It hew how god s are born in the mind o f the savage and moulded c nn into his image .
  • Terms and Facts- Hierarchical Scale

    Terms and Facts- Hierarchical Scale

    Terms and facts- Hierarchical scale From the Prehistoric and Neolithic- Post and Lintel, Megalith, tumulus, henge From Mesopotamia- The Code of Hammurabi, Shamash, Lamassu, Ziggurat, load bearing architecture, The Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, Stele or Stela From Minoa- Labrys, The myth of King Minos and the Minotaur From Mycenae- Corbelled vaults and domes, repousse, Tholos, Megaron, krater From Ancient Egypt- Ben-ben, mastaba, Imhotep, Ma’at, Canon (of artistic laws), cartouche, Canopic jars, Shabti or ushabti, the imagery of nine in connection to the pharaoh, the Amarna Period From Ancient Greece- Polykleitos, Humanism, contrapposto, Exekias, kouros and Kore, archaic smile, Praxiteles, some Greek mythology-especially the main gods and goddesses, meander (key design) Know the seven steps to lost wax casting Know the basic architecture of a Greek Temple-peristyle, the three column orders, (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian), stylobate, cella, shaft, caryatids, pediment, capital The two styles of Greek vase painting-black figure and red figure-the basic differences in look You should look up exam one of these myths and know the basic story or the main story about the character listed: Prometheus and Fire Apollo and Daphne Pygmalion and Galatea Niobe Persephone and Hades Pandora Tantalus-Son of Zeus The Danaides Alcyone and Ceyx Idas and Marpessa The Fall of Icarus Theseus and the Minotaur Perseus and the Medusa Jason and Medea Hercules and the Stymphalian Birds Chapter 2.9 Sculpture PART 2 MEDIA AND PROCESSES Seven steps in the lost-wax casting process Build and armature, sculpt the piece (clay), cover with ½ “ layer of wax, cover the entire piece with debris mixture, heat the entire work to melt out the wax through pre-drilled hole, pour the molten metal into the work through pre-drilled holes, break away the debris layer, clean and polishGateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J.
  • The Greek Sources Proceedings of the Groningen 1984 Achaemenid History Workshop Edited by Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg and Amélie Kuhrt

    The Greek Sources Proceedings of the Groningen 1984 Achaemenid History Workshop Edited by Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg and Amélie Kuhrt

    Achaemenid History • II The Greek Sources Proceedings of the Groningen 1984 Achaemenid History Workshop edited by Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg and Amélie Kuhrt Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten Leiden 1987 ACHAEMENID HISTORY 11 THE GREEK SOURCES PROCEEDINGS OF THE GRONINGEN 1984 ACHAEMENID HISTORY WORKSHOP edited by HELEEN SANCISI-WEERDENBURG and AMELIE KUHRT NEDERLANDS INSTITUUT VOOR HET NABIJE OOSTEN LEIDEN 1987 © Copyright 1987 by Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten Witte Singe! 24 Postbus 9515 2300 RA Leiden, Nederland All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form CIP-GEGEVENS KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Greek The Greek sources: proceedings of the Groningen 1984 Achaemenid history workshop / ed. by Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg and Amelie Kuhrt. - Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.- (Achaemenid history; II) ISBN90-6258-402-0 SISO 922.6 UDC 935(063) NUHI 641 Trefw.: AchaemenidenjPerzische Rijk/Griekse oudheid; historiografie. ISBN 90 6258 402 0 Printed in Belgium TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations. VII-VIII Amelie Kuhrt and Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg INTRODUCTION. IX-XIII Pierre Briant INSTITUTIONS PERSES ET HISTOIRE COMPARATISTE DANS L'HIS- TORIOGRAPHIE GRECQUE. 1-10 P. Calmeyer GREEK HISTORIOGRAPHY AND ACHAEMENID RELIEFS. 11-26 R.B. Stevenson LIES AND INVENTION IN DEINON'S PERSICA . 27-35 Alan Griffiths DEMOCEDES OF CROTON: A GREEKDOCTORATDARIUS' COURT. 37-51 CL Herrenschmidt NOTES SUR LA PARENTE CHEZ LES PERSES AU DEBUT DE L'EM- PIRE ACHEMENIDE. 53-67 Amelie Kuhrt and Susan Sherwin White XERXES' DESTRUCTION OF BABYLONIAN TEMPLES. 69-78 D.M. Lewis THE KING'S DINNER (Polyaenus IV 3.32).
  • 1 Reading Athenaios' Epigraphical Hymn to Apollo: Critical Edition And

    1 Reading Athenaios' Epigraphical Hymn to Apollo: Critical Edition And

    Reading Athenaios’ Epigraphical Hymn to Apollo: Critical Edition and Commentaries DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Corey M. Hackworth Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Fritz Graf, Advisor Benjamin Acosta-Hughes Carolina López-Ruiz 1 Copyright by Corey M. Hackworth 2015 2 Abstract This dissertation is a study of the Epigraphical Hymn to Apollo that was found at Delphi in 1893, and since attributed to Athenaios. It is believed to have been performed as part of the Athenian Pythaïdes festival in the year 128/7 BCE. After a brief introduction to the hymn, I provide a survey and history of the most important editions of the text. I offer a new critical edition equipped with a detailed apparatus. This is followed by an extended epigraphical commentary which aims to describe the history of, and arguments for and and against, readings of the text as well as proposed supplements and restorations. The guiding principle of this edition is a conservative one—to indicate where there is uncertainty, and to avoid relying on other, similar, texts as a resource for textual restoration. A commentary follows, which traces word usage and history, in an attempt to explore how an audience might have responded to the various choices of vocabulary employed throughout the text. Emphasis is placed on Athenaios’ predilection to utilize new words, as well as words that are non-traditional for Apolline narrative. The commentary considers what role prior word usage (texts) may have played as intertexts, or sources of poetic resonance in the ears of an audience.
  • HYPERBOREANS Myth and History in Celtic-Hellenic Contacts Timothy P.Bridgman HYPERBOREANS MYTH and HISTORY in CELTIC-HELLENIC CONTACTS Timothy P.Bridgman

    HYPERBOREANS Myth and History in Celtic-Hellenic Contacts Timothy P.Bridgman HYPERBOREANS MYTH and HISTORY in CELTIC-HELLENIC CONTACTS Timothy P.Bridgman

    STUDIES IN CLASSICS Edited by Dirk Obbink & Andrew Dyck Oxford University/The University of California, Los Angeles A ROUTLEDGE SERIES STUDIES IN CLASSICS DIRK OBBINK & ANDREW DYCK, General Editors SINGULAR DEDICATIONS Founders and Innovators of Private Cults in Classical Greece Andrea Purvis EMPEDOCLES An Interpretation Simon Trépanier FOR SALVATION’S SAKE Provincial Loyalty, Personal Religion, and Epigraphic Production in the Roman and Late Antique Near East Jason Moralee APHRODITE AND EROS The Development of Greek Erotic Mythology Barbara Breitenberger A LINGUISTIC COMMENTARY ON LIVIUS ANDRONICUS Ivy Livingston RHETORIC IN CICERO’S PRO BALBO Kimberly Anne Barber AMBITIOSA MORS Suicide and the Self in Roman Thought and Literature Timothy Hill ARISTOXENUS OF TARENTUM AND THE BIRTH OF MUSICOLOGY Sophie Gibson HYPERBOREANS Myth and History in Celtic-Hellenic Contacts Timothy P.Bridgman HYPERBOREANS MYTH AND HISTORY IN CELTIC-HELLENIC CONTACTS Timothy P.Bridgman Routledge New York & London Published in 2005 by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 http://www.routledge-ny.com/ Published in Great Britain by Routledge 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN http://www.routledge.co.uk/ Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, a Division of T&F Informa. Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photo copying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
  • THE SANCTUARY at EPIDAUROS and CULT-BASED NETWORKING in the GREEK WORLD of the FOURTH CENTURY B.C. a Thesis Presented in Partial

    THE SANCTUARY at EPIDAUROS and CULT-BASED NETWORKING in the GREEK WORLD of the FOURTH CENTURY B.C. a Thesis Presented in Partial

    THE SANCTUARY AT EPIDAUROS AND CULT-BASED NETWORKING IN THE GREEK WORLD OF THE FOURTH CENTURY B.C. A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Pamela Makara, B.A. The Ohio State University 1992 Master's Examination Committee: Approved by Dr. Timothy Gregory Dr. Jack Ba I cer Dr. Sa u I Corne I I VITA March 13, 1931 Born - Lansing, Michigan 1952 ..... B.A. in Education, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 1952-1956, 1966-Present Teacher, Detroit, Michigan; Rochester, New York; Bowling Green, Ohio 1966-Present ............. University work in Education, Art History, and Ancient Greek and Roman History FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History Studies in Ancient Civi I izations: Dr. Timothy Gregory and Dr. Jack Balcer i i TABLE OF CONTENTS VITA i i LIST OF TABLES iv CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 1 I I. ANCIENT EPIDAUROS AND THE CULT OF ASKLEPIOS 3 I II. EPIDAURIAN THEARODOKOI DECREES 9 IV. EPIDAURIAN THEOROI 21 v. EPIDAURIAN THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTIONS 23 VI. AN ARGIVE THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTION 37 VII. A DELPHIC THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTION 42 VIII. SUMMARY 47 END NOTES 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY 55 APPENDICES A. EPIDAURIAN THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTIONS AND TRANSLATIONS 58 B. ARGIVE THEARODOKO I I NSCR I PT I ON 68 C. DELPHIC THEARODOKOI INSCRIPTION 69 D. THEARODOKO I I NSCR I PT IONS PARALLELS 86 iii LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Thearodoko i I nscr i pt ions Para I I e Is •••••••••••• 86 iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Any evidence of I inkage in the ancient world is valuable because it clarifies the relationships between the various peoples of antiquity and the dealings they had with one another.
  • Either a Daimon, Or a Hero, Or Perhaps a God:” Mythical Residents of Subterranean Chambers

    Either a Daimon, Or a Hero, Or Perhaps a God:” Mythical Residents of Subterranean Chambers

    Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 15 | 2002 Varia “Either a Daimon, or a Hero, or Perhaps a God:” Mythical Residents of Subterranean Chambers Yulia Ustinova Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/1385 DOI: 10.4000/kernos.1385 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 2002 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Yulia Ustinova, « “Either a Daimon, or a Hero, or Perhaps a God:” Mythical Residents of Subterranean Chambers », Kernos [Online], 15 | 2002, Online since 21 April 2011, connection on 01 May 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/1385 ; DOI : 10.4000/kernos.1385 Kernos Kemos 15 (2002), p. 267-288. "Either a Daimon, or a Hero, or Perhaps a God:" Mythical Residents of Subterranean Chambers In his list of seers who uttered gods' orders and messages to mortals not only when alive, but also after their death, Strabo1 mentions "...Amphiaraos, Trophonios, Orpheus, Musaios, and the god of the Getae, formerly Zalmoxis, a Pythagorean, who is in our time Dekaineos, the diviner of Byrebistas... ,,2 Aristides groups together Trophonios, Amphiaraos, Amphilochos and the Asclepiads.3 Celsus includes Zalmoxis, Mopsos, Amphilochos, Amphiaraos, and Trophonios in his register of mortals who died and were nevertheless worshiped, whieh makes Origen wonder, "whether one of these is either a daimon, or a hero, or perhaps a god, more active than mortals" (ft ècr'tt nç èv 'toîç 'tOtQU'tOlÇ Eï'tE 8atllcov Eï'tE llPcoÇ Eï'tE Kat 8E6ç, èVEPYéOv 't!Va lldÇova ft Ka'teX av8pco1tov;).4 The bewilderment of Origen 'is reasonable, given the elusiveness of these figures.
  • Copyrighted Material

    Copyrighted Material

    9781405129992_6_ind.qxd 16/06/2009 12:11 Page 203 Index Acanthus, 130 Aetolian League, 162, 163, 166, Acarnanians, 137 178, 179 Achaea/Achaean(s), 31–2, 79, 123, Agamemnon, 51 160, 177 Agasicles (king of Sparta), 95 Achaean League: Agis IV and, agathoergoi, 174 166; as ally of Rome, 178–9; Age grades: see names of individual Cleomenes III and, 175; invasion grades of Laconia by, 177; Nabis and, Agesilaus (ephor), 166 178; as protector of perioecic Agesilaus II (king of Sparta), cities, 179; Sparta’s membership 135–47; at battle of Mantinea in, 15, 111, 179, 181–2 (362 B.C.E.), 146; campaign of, in Achaean War, 182 Asia Minor, 132–3, 136; capture acropolis, 130, 187–8, 192, 193, of Phlius by, 138; citizen training 194; see also Athena Chalcioecus, system and, 135; conspiracies sanctuary of after battle of Leuctra and, 144–5, Acrotatus (king of Sparta), 163, 158; conspiracy of Cinadon 164 and, 135–6; death of, 147; Acrotatus, 161 Epaminondas and, 142–3; Actium, battle of, 184 execution of women by, 168; Aegaleus, Mount, 65 foreign policy of, 132, 139–40, Aegiae (Laconian), 91 146–7; gift of, 101; helots and, Aegimius, 22 84; in Boeotia, 141; in Thessaly, Aegina (island)/Aeginetans: Delian 136; influence of, at Sparta, 142; League and,COPYRIGHTED 117; Lysander and, lameness MATERIAL of, 135; lance of, 189; 127, 129; pro-Persian party on, Life of, by Plutarch, 17; Lysander 59, 60; refugees from, 89 and, 12, 132–3; as mercenary, Aegospotami, battle of, 128, 130 146, 147; Phoebidas affair and, Aeimnestos, 69 102, 139; Spartan politics and, Aeolians,