DOCSLIB.ORG

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Lettuce Necrotic Yellows Virus and Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infecting Lettuce

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Lettuce Necrotic Yellows Virus and Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infecting Lettuce Plant Pathol. J. 36(1) : 76-86 (2020) https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.12.2019.0298 The Plant Pathology Journal pISSN 1598-2254 eISSN 2093-9280 ©The Korean Society of Plant Pathology Research Article Open Access Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Lettuce Necrotic Yellows Virus and Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infecting Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Yubao Zhang 1, Zhongkui Xie1*, John D Fletcher2, Yajun Wang1, Ruoyu Wang1, Zhihong Guo1, and Yuhui He1 1Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, PB 4704 Christchurch, New Zealand (Received on December 16, 2019; Accepted on January 10, 2020) Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is damaging to the for both RT-LAMP assays was greater by a factor of growth and quality of lettuce crops in Lanzhou, China. 100 compared to the conventional reverse transcription Recently, however, for the first time an isolate of lettuce polymerase chain reaction assays. This rapid, specific, necrotic yellows virus (LNYV) has been detected in let- and sensitive technique should be more widely applied tuce crops in China, and there is concern that this virus due to its low cost and minimal equipment require- may also pose a threat to lettuce production in China. ments. Consequently, there is a need to develop a rapid and efficient detection method to accurately identify LNYV Keywords : cucumber mosaic virus, lettuce, lettuce necrotic and CMV infections and help limit their spread. Re- yellows virus, RT-LAMP amplification, RT-PCR verse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplifi- cation (RT-LAMP) assays were developed to detect the Handling Editor : Ho-Jong Ju nucleoprotein (N) and coat protein (CP) genes of LNYV and CMV, respectively. RT-LAMP amplification prod- Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most economically im- ucts were visually assessed in reaction tubes separately portant vegetable crop belonging to the family Asteraceae using green fluorescence and gel electrophoresis. The (Krause-Sakate et al., 2001) and is typically eaten cold, assays successfully detected both viruses in infected raw, in salads, sandwiches, hamburgers, tacos as well as in plants without cross reactivity recorded from either many other dishes around the world (Fletcher et al., 2005; CMV or LNYV or four other related plant viruses. Op- Wikipedia, 2019). In China, the economic importance of timum LAMP reactions were conducted in betaine-free lettuce has also greatly increased during the past decade media with 6 mM Mg2+ at 65°C for LNYV and 60°C because of the rapid increase in demand for this crop, for 60 min for CMV, respectively. The detection limit which is now exceeding half the world’s production. How- was 3.5 pg/ml and 20 fg/ml using RT-LAMP for LNYV ever, lettuce is susceptible to a number of viral pathogens, and CMV plasmids, respectively. Detection sensitivity including Cucumber mosaic virus (genus: Cucumovirus; family: Bromoviridae). Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is *Corresponding author. one of the most widespread plant viruses with an extensive Phone) +86-931-4967204, FAX) +86-931-8273894 host range, infecting approximately 1,000 species in over E-mail) [email protected] ORCID 100 plant families that include cereals, fruits, vegetables Yubao Zhang and ornamentals, and can cause significant economic losses https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8438-0810 for numerous vegetable and horticultural crops (Roossinck, This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the 1999). In lettuce plants symptoms caused by CMV include Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted plant stunting, leaf chlorosis, and mosaic as well as poor noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, head formation (Bruckart and Lorbeer, 1975; El-Borollosy provided the original work is properly cited. and Waziri, 2013). The virus is readily transmitted in a Articles can be freely viewed online at www.ppjonline.org. non-persistent manner by more than 75 species of aphids RT-LAMP Assays to Detect LNYV and CMV 77 (Palukaitis et al., 1992). It may also be transmitted mechan- immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription (RT)– ically and can be seed-borne in a number of hosts. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for LNYV and CMV In 2018, a preliminary field survey was conducted in (Callaghan and Dietzgen, 2005; Deyong et al., 2005; Dietz- a major lettuce cultivation area in Lanzhou City, Gansu gen and Francki, 1988; Koenig, 1981) and immunocapture Province, China. This survey detected lettuce necrotic yel- (IC)-RT-PCR for CMV (El-Borollosy and Waziri, 2013). lows virus (LNYV) for the first time in fields around Shi- These methods are valuable for identifying latent infec- chuan Town (Gaolan County, Lanzhou City, Gansu Prov- tions at most stages of infection. However, false negative ince, China; 36°10″N, 103°59″E). The main symptoms results and low sensitivity are common problems for the observed were plant stunting, leaf chlorosis, leaf roughness ELISA method. Moreover, PCR-based methods are expen- and occasional necrosis within leaf tissue. Mosaic symp- sive in terms of time and equipment and hence impractical toms were also present and attributed to a mixed LNYV for large-scale use. The IC-RT-PCR technique omits the infection of both CMV and lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) need to isolate RNA while providing a more rapid and (Fig. 1). LNYV is a member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, less costly approach to prepare templates for amplification family Rhabdoviridae (Tordo et al., 2005). Infection by (Gambley et al., 2009); however, we have found IC-RT- members of the genus Cytorhabdoviridae is characterized PCR sensitivity insufficient in detecting low CMV concen- by the accumulation of enveloped virions in the cytoplasm trations (Zhang et al., 2017). of host cells (Jackson et al., 2005). LNYV causes a serious On the other hand, the loop-mediated isothermal amplifi- disease of lettuce crops grown in both Australia and New cation of nucleic acids (LAMP) assay, is not only sensitive Zealand, with the first reports published in 1963 and 1973, and relatively inexpensive to use but can also be routinely respectively (Fry et al., 1973; Stubbs and Grogan, 1963), conducted at a constant temperature between 58-70°C for and it continues to cause crop losses of up to 70% in some approximately 1 h in a water bath or on a heating block. cultivated areas (Fletcher et al., 2017; unpublished report). The technique can also be used for amplifying RNA by There also have been isolated reports of similar lettuce adding reverse transcriptase to the LAMP reaction mixture virus infections in Spain (Rubio-Huertos and Garcia-Hidal- (often referred to as RT-LAMP) (Bhat et al., 2013). Both go, 1982), Italy (Ragozzino et al., 1989), and Great Britain LAMP and RT-LAMP use four to six primers along with (Blancard et al., 2006). LNYV is transmitted in a persis- DNA polymerization with strand-displacing activity to tent, propagative manner by the blackcurrant-sowthistle generate amplification products. These products can be vi- aphid (Hyperomyzus lactucae L.) (Higgins et al., 2016). sually detected using agarose gel electrophoresis or through Ragozzino et al. (1989) also determined that the currant- color changes visualized by adding SYBR Green I, ethid- lettuce aphid (Nasonovia ribisnigri) was the primary vector ium bromide or calcein to the reaction mixture (Notomi et of LNYV disease outbreaks in Italy. al., 2000; Parida et al., 2008). Both methods have been suc- Viral disease management is dependent upon an accurate cessfully used in the detection of many DNA- (Bhat et al., detection procedure which is convenient, reproducible and 2013; Ravindran et al., 2012) and RNA-based (He et al., scalable for a wide range of samples (Viswanathan et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2010; Zhao et al., 2010) plant pathogens. 2013). Currently available methods commonly used for In this study, we developed and optimized a simple, rapid, detecting viruses that affect lettuce include enzyme-linked reliable and visual RT-LAMP method for the accurate de- Fig. 1. Healthy lettuce plant (A) and lettuce plant (B) infected with lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV) exhibiting symptoms of plant stunting, leaf chlorosis, leaf roughness and intermittent necrosis within the leaf tissue. (C) Mosaic symptoms also present were attributed to the mixed infection of LNYV with both cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and lettuce mosaic virus (LMV). 78 Zhang et al. tection of LNYV and CMV infections in lettuce plants. USA). Materials and Methods Cloning, sequencing, and sequence analysis. The first- strand viral cDNA was synthesized with the PrimeScript Plant sample collection and reference virus isolates. RT Reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser (Takara Biotechnology Within the cultivation areas of Shichuan and Donggang Co., Ltd., Dalian, China) using random hexamers. PCR towns, Lanzhou City, China, we collected naturally infect- was carried out in 12.5 μl reaction volumes containing 1.0 ed lettuce leaf samples that displayed typical viral symp- μl of the cDNA products, 1.25 μl of a 10× PCR buffer (100 toms (i.e., plant stunting, leaf chlorosis, leaf roughness and mmol/l Tris-HCl [pH 8.3], 500 mmol/l KCl, 15 mmol/ intermittent necrosis in leaf tissues). From field experience l MgCl2), 0.4 mmol of a dNTP mixture, 0.3 U of Taq gained in New Zealand and from employing known (tested) polymerase (TaKaRa Ex Taq, Takara) and 0.1 μM of each positives of viruses from New Zealand used here as refer- LNYV-F and LNYV-R (or CMV-F and CMV-R) primers ences (Fletcher et al., 2017; unpublished), lettuce leaves (Table 1). Both PCR amplification consisted of 35 cycles were tested using RT-PCR to confirm their respective virus at 94°C for 30 s, 52°C for 45 s and 72°C for 1 min.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grapevine Virus Diseases: Economic Impact and Current Advances in Viral Prospection and Management1
    1/22 ISSN 0100-2945 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452017411 GRAPEVINE VIRUS DISEASES: ECONOMIC IMPACT AND CURRENT ADVANCES IN VIRAL PROSPECTION AND MANAGEMENT1 MARCOS FERNANDO BASSO2, THOR VINÍCIUS MArtins FAJARDO3, PASQUALE SALDARELLI4 ABSTRACT-Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is a major vegetative propagated fruit crop with high socioeconomic importance worldwide. It is susceptible to several graft-transmitted agents that cause several diseases and substantial crop losses, reducing fruit quality and plant vigor, and shorten the longevity of vines. The vegetative propagation and frequent exchanges of propagative material among countries contribute to spread these pathogens, favoring the emergence of complex diseases. Its perennial life cycle further accelerates the mixing and introduction of several viral agents into a single plant. Currently, approximately 65 viruses belonging to different families have been reported infecting grapevines, but not all cause economically relevant diseases. The grapevine leafroll, rugose wood complex, leaf degeneration and fleck diseases are the four main disorders having worldwide economic importance. In addition, new viral species and strains have been identified and associated with economically important constraints to grape production. In Brazilian vineyards, eighteen viruses, three viroids and two virus-like diseases had already their occurrence reported and were molecularly characterized. Here, we review the current knowledge of these viruses, report advances in their diagnosis and prospection of new species, and give indications about the management of the associated grapevine diseases. Index terms: Vegetative propagation, plant viruses, crop losses, berry quality, next-generation sequencing. VIROSES EM VIDEIRAS: IMPACTO ECONÔMICO E RECENTES AVANÇOS NA PROSPECÇÃO DE VÍRUS E MANEJO DAS DOENÇAS DE ORIGEM VIRAL RESUMO-A videira (Vitis spp.) é propagada vegetativamente e considerada uma das principais culturas frutíferas por sua importância socioeconômica mundial.
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission of Virus by the Progeny of Crosses Between Xiphinema Diversicaudatum
    Transmission of virus by the progeny of crosses between XQhinema diversicaudatüm (Nematoda : Dorylaimoidea) from Italy and Scotland Derek J. F. BROWN Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, 002 SDA, Scotland. SUMMARY Transmission of the type-British strainsof arabis mosaic (AMV-T) and strawberry latent ringspot viruses (SLRV-T) and a strain of SLRV from Italy (SLRV-Ip) by FI and F2 hybrid Xiphinenza diversicaudatum was examined in the laboratory. The hybrid nematodes were crossbred from populations which readily (Scotland) and only infrequently (Italy) transmitted viruses.The ability of X. diversicaudatum hybrids to transmit viruses was foundto be inherited withthe choice of both maternaland paternal parents affecting the hybrids ability to transmit viruses. It is possible that the genetic influence on the hybrids ability to transmit viruses was cytoplasmically inherited. The principal factor likely to be involved is the ability of X. di ver sic au da tu??^ selectively and specifically to retain virus particles at sites of retention within its feeding apparatus. RBSUME La transnzission des virus par la descendance de croiselnents entre Xiphjnema diversicaudatum (Nernatoda :Do ylainzoidea) provenantd’ltalie et d’Ecosse La transmission de souches de type britannique des virus de la mosaïque arabis (AMV-T), du virus du G ringspot n latent du fraisier (SLRV-T)et d’une souchede SLRV provenant d‘Italie (SLRV-Ip) par des hybridesFI et F2 de Xiphinewa diversicaudatuwz .a été Ctudiée au laboratoire. Les nématodes hybrides étaient obtenus par croisements entre populations qui transmettent les virus soit activement (Ecosse), soit seulement occasionnellement (Italie). La capacité de transmission des virus montrée par les X.
    [Show full text]
  • OCCURRENCE of STONE FRUIT VIRUSES in PLUM ORCHARDS in LATVIA Alina Gospodaryk*,**, Inga Moroèko-Bièevska*, Neda Pûpola*, and Anna Kâle*
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Section B, Vol. 67 (2013), No. 2 (683), pp. 116–123. DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2013-0018 OCCURRENCE OF STONE FRUIT VIRUSES IN PLUM ORCHARDS IN LATVIA Alina Gospodaryk*,**, Inga Moroèko-Bièevska*, Neda Pûpola*, and Anna Kâle* * Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Graudu iela 1, Dobele LV-3701, LATVIA [email protected] ** Educational and Scientific Centre „Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska Str., Kiev 01033, UKRAINE Communicated by Edîte Kaufmane To evaluate the occurrence of nine viruses infecting Prunus a large-scale survey and sampling in Latvian plum orchards was carried out. Occurrence of Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), and Plum pox virus (PPV) was investigated by RT-PCR and DAS ELISA detection methods. The de- tection rates of both methods were compared. Screening of occurrence of Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) and Petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PeAMV) was performed by DAS-ELISA. In total, 38% of the tested trees by RT-PCR were infected at least with one of the analysed viruses. Among those 30.7% were in- fected with PNRSV and 16.4% with PDV, while ApMV, ACLSV and PPV were detected in few samples. The most widespread mixed infection was the combination of PDV+PNRSV. Observed symptoms characteristic for PPV were confirmed with RT-PCR and D strain was detected. Com- parative analyses showed that detection rates by RT-PCR and DAS ELISA in plums depended on the particular virus tested.
    [Show full text]
  • Virus Diseases of Trees and Shrubs
    VirusDiseases of Treesand Shrubs Instituteof TerrestrialEcology NaturalEnvironment Research Council á Natural Environment Research Council Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Virus Diseases of Trees and Shrubs J.1. Cooper Institute of Terrestrial Ecology cfo Unit of Invertebrate Virology OXFORD Printed in Great Britain by Cambrian News Aberystwyth C Copyright 1979 Published in 1979 by Institute of Terrestrial Ecology 68 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 ILA ISBN 0-904282-28-7 The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) was established in 1973, from the former Nature Conservancy's research stations and staff, joined later by the Institute of Tree Biology and the Culture Centre of Algae and Protozoa. ITE contributes to and draws upon the collective knowledge of the fourteen sister institutes \Which make up the Natural Environment Research Council, spanning all the environmental sciences. The Institute studies the factors determining the structure, composition and processes of land and freshwater systems, and of individual plant and animal species. It is developing a sounder scientific basis for predicting and modelling environmental trends arising from natural or man- made change. The results of this research are available to those responsible for the protection, management and wise use of our natural resources. Nearly half of ITE's work is research commissioned by customers, such as the Nature Con- servancy Council who require information for wildlife conservation, the Forestry Commission and the Department of the Environment. The remainder is fundamental research supported by NERC. ITE's expertise is widely used by international organisations in overseas projects and programmes of research. The photograph on the front cover is of Red Flowering Horse Chestnut (Aesculus carnea Hayne).
    [Show full text]
  • Arabis Mosaic Virus on Ornamental Plants
    BIOLOGIJA. 2008. Vol. 54. No. 4. P. 264–268 DOI: 10.2478/v10054-008-0054-0 © Lietuvos mokslų akademija, 2008 © Lietuvos mokslų akademijos leidykla, 2008 Arabis mosaic virus on ornamental plants M. Samuitienė1*, Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) is pathogenic to a wide variety of plant species including ornamen- tals. Using the methods of test-plants, electron microscopy, and DAS-ELISA, ArMV was identi- M. Navalinskienė1, fied in ornamental plant species of the genera Arum L., Camassia Lindl., Crocus L., Dahlia Cav., Dicentra Bernh., Dieffenbachia sp., Eryngium L., Liatris Gaertn. Ex Schreb., Lychnis L., E. Jackevičienė2 Muscari Mill., Iris L. and Phlox L., representing eight families. In naturally infected host plants, the virus was found in mixed infections with other viruses. Virus idenstity in five ornamental 1 Plant Virus Laboratory, species was confirmed by RT-PCR. Institute of Botany, Žaliųjų Ežerų 49, Key words: Arabis mosaic virus, ornamental plants, identification, DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania 2 Phytosanitary Research Laboratory of Lithuanian Plant Protection Service, Sukilėlių 9a, LT-11351 Vilnius, Lithuania INTRODUCTION cies of wild and cultivated monocotyledonous and dicotyledo- nous plants. ArMV has been reported from numerous vegetable Recently, much attention has been given to the development of crops, sugar beet, strawberry, grapevine, olive, hop, cherry, black field floriculture in Lithuania. For small farmers, field floriculture currant [2, 5]. The effects of virus infection on field-infected is promising as family business. Farmers grow seedlings of per- plants ranged from symptomless to prominent foliar symp- ennial ornamental plants not only for Lithuanian domestic mar- toms, necrosis, stunting and death.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Fungicide Farmayod on Agrotechnical and Technological Indicators of Grapevine, on Viral Diseases and Oidium
    E3S Web of Conferences 273, 01020 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127301020 INTERAGROMASH 2021 Effect of fungicide farmayod on agrotechnical and technological indicators of grapevine, on viral diseases and oidium Nadezda Sirotkina1* 1All-Russian Research Institute named after Ya.I. Potapenko for Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, 346421, Novocherkassk, Russia Abstract. The paper presents the study on the effect of Farmayod’s GR (100 g/l of iodine) spraying on vineyards of Cabernet Sauvignon and Baklanovsky varieties on the degree of viral and oidium prevalence as well as on agrobiological and technological indicators. According to the aggregate agrobiological and technological indicators, the best results on Cabernet Sauvignon variety were obtained when the drug was used at a concentration of 0.06 %. On the Baklanovsky variety the best indicators were obtained at a drug concentration of 0.04%. Testing of plant samples for the presence of Grapevine fan leaf virus, Arabis mosaic virus and Oidium tuckeri showed that after two years of applying the drug, the prevalence of infected plants (P, %) with Grapevine fanleaf virus on the Cabernet Sauvignon cultivar varied from 0% (fungicide concentration 0.04 and 0.05 %) to 0.8 % (0.06 %) and 2.65 % (control). For Baklanovsky variety: Grapevine fanleaf virus - concentration 0.04 % - 1.8; 0.05 % - 0.4; 0.06 % - 2.0; control - 2.65 %. Arabis mosaic virus – 0; 0; 3.0; 12.1 %, respectively. Oidium tuckeri was 0 % in all variants with any drug concentrations. Control variant and later 80 % for 29.09. 1 Introduction The vine (Vitis spp.) is undoubtedly one of the woody crops most widely grown in temperate climates, and a very valuable agricultural commodity.
    [Show full text]
  • Arabis Mosaic Virus (Armv) ELISA Kit
    Version 01-06/20 User's Manual Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) ELISA Kit DEIAPV61 5000T This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use. For illustrative purposes only. To perform the assay the instructions for use provided with the kit have to be used. Creative Diagnostics Address: 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA Tel: 1-631-624-4882 (USA) 44-161-818-6441 (Europe) Fax: 1-631-938-8221 Email: [email protected] Web: www.creative-diagnostics.com Cat: DEIAPV61 Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) ELISA Kit Version 29-06/20 PRODUCT INFORMATION Intended Use The test can be used to detect ArMV in any common host plants. General Description Arabis mosaic virus is a viral plant pathogen that is known to infect multiple hosts. The pathogen, commonly referred to as ArMV, is from the Secoviridae family, and it causes Raspberry yellow dwarf virus and Rhubarb mosaic virus. The Arabis Mosaic Virus infects multiple hosts, including strawberries, hop, hemp, grape and geraniums, raspberries, sugarbeets, celery, horseradish, lilac, peach and lettuces. While it is common for the hosts not to show any symptoms of the pathogens influence, there are some symptoms that can occur in the hosts. The most prevalent symptoms of the ArMV are stunting of the plant and leaf flecking/molting and leaf enations. The symptoms will vary based on the type of rootstock, environmental conditions and variety. Principles of Testing The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a serological solid-phase method for identification of diseases based on antibodies and color change in the assay.
    [Show full text]
  • Virus Diseases and Noninfectious Disorders of Stone Fruits in North America
    / VIRUS DISEASES AND NONINFECTIOUS DISORDERS OF STONE FRUITS IN NORTH AMERICA Agriculture Handbook No. 437 Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VIRUS DISEASES AND NONINFECTIOUS DISORDERS OF STONE FRUITS IN NORTH AMERICA Agriculture Handbook No. 437 This handbook supersedes Agriculture Handbook 10, Virus Diseases and Other Disorders with Viruslike Symptoms of Stone Fruits in North America. Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, D.C. ISSUED JANUARY 1976 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C 20402 — Price $7.10 (Paper Cover) Stock Number 0100-02691 FOREWORD The study of fruit tree virus diseases is a tedious process because of the time needed to produce experimental woody plants and, often, the long interval from inoculation until the development of diagnostic symptoms. The need for cooperation and interchange of information among investigators of these diseases has been apparent for a long time. As early as 1941, a conference was called by Director V. R. Gardner at Michigan State University to discuss the problem. One result of this early conference was the selection of a committee (E. M. Hildebrand, G. H. Berkeley, and D. Cation) to collect and classify both published and unpublished data on the nomenclature, symptoms, host range, geographical distribution, and other pertinent information on stone fruit virus diseases. This information was used to prepare a "Handbook of Stone Fruit Virus Diseases in North America," which was published in 1942 as a mis- cellaneous publication of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. At a second conference of stone fruit virus disease workers held in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1944 under the chairmanship of Director Gardner, a Publication Committee (D.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Developments and Challenges in Plant Viral Diagnostics: a Systematic Review
    viruses Review Current Developments and Challenges in Plant Viral Diagnostics: A Systematic Review Gajanan T. Mehetre 1, Vincent Vineeth Leo 1 , Garima Singh 2 , Antonina Sorokan 3, Igor Maksimov 3, Mukesh Kumar Yadav 4, Kalidas Upadhyaya 5,*, Abeer Hashem 6,7, Asma N. Alsaleh 6 , Turki M. Dawoud 6, Khalid S. Almaary 6 and Bhim Pratap Singh 8,* 1 Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India; [email protected] (G.T.M.); [email protected] (V.V.L.) 2 Department of Botany, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, Mizoram 796001, India; [email protected] 3 Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (I.M.) 4 Department of Biotechnology, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl, Mizoram 796001, India; [email protected] 5 Department of Forestry, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India 6 Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (A.H.); [email protected] (A.N.A.); [email protected] (T.M.D.); [email protected] (K.S.A.) 7 Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12511, Egypt 8 Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Industrial Estate, Kundli 131028, India * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.U.); [email protected] (B.P.S.); Tel.: +91-9436374242 (K.U.); Citation: Mehetre, G.T.; Leo, V.V.; +91-9436353807 (B.P.S.) Singh, G.; Sorokan, A.; Maksimov, I.; Yadav, M.K.; Upadhyaya, K.; Hashem, Abstract: Plant viral diseases are the foremost threat to sustainable agriculture, leading to several A.; Alsaleh, A.N.; Dawoud, T.M.; et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Sheet on Arabis Mosaic Nepovirus
    Prepared by CABI and EPPO for the EU under Contract 90/399003 Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests Arabis mosaic nepovirus IDENTITY Name: Arabis mosaic nepovirus Synonyms: Raspberry yellow dwarf virus Taxonomic position: Viruses: Comoviridae: Nepovirus Common names: ArMV (acronym) Arabis mosaic (English) EPPO computer code: ARMXXX EU Annex designation: II/A2 HOSTS ArMV has a wide host range including a number of important crop plants. When mechanically inoculated, 93 species from 28 dicotyledonous families were shown to be infected (Schmelzer, 1963). In a survey of alternative hosts for hop viruses, positive ELISA-readings were obtained in 33 out of 152 species tested (Eppler, 1989). Principal hosts are strawberries, hops, Vitis spp., raspberries (Rubus idaeus), Rheum spp. and Sambucus nigra. The virus has also been reported from sugarbeet, celery, Gladiolus, horseradish and lettuces. A number of other cultivated and wild species have been reported as hosts. All these crop hosts and many wild plant hosts occur throughout the EPPO region. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION EPPO region: Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus (found but not established), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (European, Far East), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, Ukraine and Yugoslavia. Asia: Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia (Far East), Turkey. Africa: South Africa. North America: Canada (British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec). Oceania: Australia (Tasmania, Victoria), New Zealand. EU: Present. BIOLOGY On the basis of polyclonal antisera, all ArMV strains known so far are closely related to one another and distantly related to grapevine fanleaf virus (GVFLV). The close relationship of ArMV and GVFLV (not only serologically) has given rise to the assumption that the two viruses may have the same origin, or even that GVFLV is the origin of ArMV (Hewitt, 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • Syringa Vulgarisis a New Host for Cucumber Mosaic Virus
    Phytopathologia Mediterranea Firenze University Press The international journal of the www.fupress.com/pm Mediterranean Phytopathological Union New or Unusual Disease Reports Syringa vulgaris is a new host for cucumber mosaic virus Citation: Troiano E., Bellardi M.G., Parrella G. (2019) Syringa vulgaris is a new host for cucumber mosaic virus. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 58(2): Elisa TROIANO1, Maria Grazia BELLARDI1,2, Giuseppe PARRELLA1,* 385-389. doi: 10.14601/Phytopathol_ 1 Mediter-10625 Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante del CNR, IPSP-CNR, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy Accepted: April 11, 2019 2 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari (DISTAL), Patologia Vegetale, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy Published: September 14, 2019 *Corresponding author: [email protected] Copyright: © 2019 Troiano E., Bel- lardi M.G., Parrella G. This is an open Summary. Virus-like symptoms consisting of light mosaic, chlorotic spots and oak access, peer-reviewed article published by Firenze University Press (http:// chlorotic line patterns were observed on lilac plants (Syringa vulgaris L.) growing in a www.fupress.com/pm) and distributed public garden in Imola (Emilia Romagna region, Italy). The causal agent was identified under the terms of the Creative Com- as cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on the basis of biological, serological and nucleo- mons Attribution License, which per- tide sequence properties of partial coat protein and movement protein genes, and the mits unrestricted use, distribution, and isolate was designated SYV. The CMV-SYV isolate caused mosaic symptoms on indica- reproduction in any medium, provided tor plants of Nicotiana tabacum cv.
    [Show full text]
  • Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Management Office July 20Th, 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Annex A: Maps of Each Site
    Gansu Cultural and Natural E1659 Heritage v 3 Protection and Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Consolidated Environmental Assessment & Environmental Public Disclosure Authorized Management Plan Volume III Public Disclosure Authorized World Bank Financed Gansu Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Management Office July 20th, 2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Annex A: Maps of Each Site Figure.1 Map for Yardang National Geological Park Suodong Highway Figure.2 Figure.2 TownMap of Suoyang Ancient Figure.3 Map for Jiuquan Museum Figure.4 Map for Wei Jin Folk Culture Park Figure.5 Map for Jiayuguan Great Wall Figure.6 Map for Majishan Scenic Area Figure.7 Map for Lutusi Ancient Government Centre Figure.8 Map for Shi Chuan Ancient Pear Orchard Figure.9 Map for Qingcheng Ancient Town Figure.10 Map for Yellow River Stone Forest National Park Figure.11 Map for Mati Temple Scenic Park Annex B Further Information on Baseline Conditions at the Eleven Priority Sites Yardang National Geological Park Topography and Physiography Yardang National Geological Park located at 180 kilometres northwest to Dunhuang City, Gansu province. Yardang National Geological Park situated in the west extension of Anxi-Duanhuang basin, and connected with Luobupo which located at west of Yardang National Geological Park. Yardang National Geological Park belongs to plain area with high to the east and low to the west. Yardang National Geological Park has an area of about 398.4 square kilometres with a length about 15-25 km of from east to west and the width about 15-20 km from north to south. The elevation of Gansu is decrease from 1050 metres in east to 860 metres in west.
    [Show full text]