La Figura Femminile Nell'opera Di Kon Satoshi

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La Figura Femminile Nell'opera Di Kon Satoshi Corso di Laurea magistrale in Lingue e Civiltà dell’Asia e dell’Africa Mediterranea Tesi di Laurea La figura femminile nell’opera di Kon Satoshi Relatore Ch. Prof. Maria Roberta Novielli Correlatore Ch. Prof. Paola Scrolavezza Laureando Federica Scirea Matricola 828292 Anno Accademico 2015 / 2016 1 2 要旨 私の卒業論文は今聡という映画監督で、とくに今の映画に出てくる女性の人物について のものである。 今敏は日本だけではなく世界中でアニメーションの映画監督として知ら れている。今の映画が人気のある理由は、別のアニメーションと比べて異なるデザイン や主題、そしてありそうなことという特徴である。監督の一番好きなテーマは多重の真 実を表現することである。というのは、現実にあることだけではなくある人の頭の中に 存在する世界も現実になるかもしれないということである。すなわち、夢も記憶も真実 になるということである。監督のアイデアは、すべてこの存在を演出することで観客を たのしませると同時に大事なメッセージを伝えることである。また、ありそうなことは 詳細な線画や現在のコンテクストに現れている。すべての映画は今が住んでいる東京が 舞台になったし、人物の顔立ちもアジア的だし、日本の観客はまるで自分が現実にいる かと思うくらいの映画である。ただ、本当らしさを伝えるのは女性の主人公の性格とい うことである。今監督の独特な成分はどの映画でも主人公が女性ということである。現 在のアニメーション作品と比べると、今の映画にはパーフェクトブールの未麻からパプ リカに至るまでどんな女性の人物も複雑な個性を持つことである。その理由で、観客が 共感できることがある。 今敏は監督として有名であっても、最初のキャリアは漫画家として働いていた。今は スタイル 腕前を上達させるために、大友克洋と押井守の協力が重要なのであった。大友 は今の「海帰線」という漫画が気にいったので、「ワールド・アパートメントホラー」と いう漫画のプロジェクトに参加するように頼んだ。日常的な主題を中心に大人に対する アニメをつくるという風に SF.の天才大友が今に大きな影響を与えたことがあった。その 後、押井と共に「セラフィム」という漫画で働いてみたが、無理解のせいでこの漫画の出 版は中止された。今はアニメの世界に移る前に、「OPUS」という最後の漫画を描いたが、 不運にも出版していた雑誌の中断という理由でこの漫画も中止することになった。今の キャリアが始まったばかりでも、漫画に面白い女性の人物が見られる。「主人公」とはい えないが、プロットの事件に重要な役を演じる。実は重要なのはプロットではなく主人 公の事件である。 漫画家として学んだ技術を生かし、アニメーションの世界に移動した。「走れ、メロ 3 ス!」や「パトレイバー」など、いろいろなアニメにレイアウトのデザイナーとして働い たことがあっても、一番大事なプロジェクトは大友の「MEMORIES」という作品であっ た。今聡は森本と共に「MEMORIES」という物語に脚本家として仕事していた。重要な 人物は名声の喪失にあきらめなかったオペラの歌手のエヴァである。怒って復讐心のあ るエヴァは主人公ではなくても、一番魅力的な人物である。 ただし、今はマッドハウスという株式会社のおかげで監督として最初の仕事を得たこと があった。 1994年にマッドハウスが今敏に「パーフェクト・ブルー」というスリラー小説の 改作を仕事するように頼んだ。主人公はアイドルが俳優になった未麻である。彼女は新 たな仕事で緊張すると同時に転職を承認できないファンに苦しめられる。未麻の精神は ストレスのせいでこわれ、こんな状況をでるのは彼女の本当の「自分」を見つける必要 がある。不活発な未麻から積極的な「千円女優」の千代子が登場することになる。有名な 日本の俳優の千代子は演じた役を通じて自分の物語はもちろん日本の歴史も観客に伝え る。名前も知らなかった恋人を追い回し、千代子の人生はまるで伝説のようなものであ る。次の映画は「東京ゴッドファザースー」というクリスマスの物語である。今回は主人 公が一人ではなく、ギン、ハナとミユキも三人のホームレスである。全ての主人公はゴ ミに見つかった新生児の本当の家族を探していることで、もう一度自分の家族との絆を 見つける。次の作品は映画ではなく、アニメシリーズである。「妄想代理人」は捨てた考 えで創造された作品だからこそ、モチーフも人物も大勢がいる。中心的なテーマは責任 からの逃走やコミュニケーションの喪失という現在の問題である。最後の作品は同名の 小説の映画で「パプリカ」と名付けられる。主人公は患者の夢を通して患者の苦しみを 直すために姿を変える心理学者の千葉である。ただ、突然に患者の夢が混ざってしまっ たので、その混乱の理由を見つける必要がある。夢に入った時に千葉はパプリカになる が、千葉と比べて反対の性格がある。主人公の個性とプロットの複雑さはこの映画を今 の傑作にする。 どの作品でも人間的な性格がある魅力的な女性の主人公がいるから、この論文は今の 主人公の心理や発展を深く分析していく。 4 5 Indice La figura femminile nel cinema di Kon Satoshi .......................................................................................... 1 Kon Satoshi: una vita dedicata all'arte del disegno ..................................................................................... 9 Dal Dopoguerra verso la modernità ...........................................................................................................16 Mecha, shōjo e kawaii: il Giappone e le sue sottoculture ............................................................................19 Un regista fuori dagli schemi .......................................................................................................................28 Fusione tra subconscio e realtà ...............................................................................................................35 Dipinto realistico del Giappone moderno ............................................................................................36 Omaggio al mondo dello spettacolo ......................................................................................................37 La donna come protagonista ...................................................................................................................38 Il debutto nel mondo della cultura otaku: i manga di Kon Satoshi ........................................................40 Kaikisen ......................................................................................................................................................42 Il rispetto per il passato per un prospero futuro .............................................................................43 Wārudo apātomento horā ........................................................................................................................47 Un horror ironico che fa riflettere .....................................................................................................49 Serafimu 266.613.336 no tsubasa ...........................................................................................................53 Il frutto di due grandi menti ...............................................................................................................54 OPUS ..........................................................................................................................................................59 L’arte per il piacere di fare arte ...........................................................................................................61 La donna nei manga di Kon Satoshi ......................................................................................................64 L’esordio nel mondo dell’animazione ........................................................................................................69 Memorīzu: Kanojo no omoide ...............................................................................................................70 Il ricordo come rifugio dalla realtà .....................................................................................................71 Eva: la decadenza di un’icona .............................................................................................................74 Pāfekuto burū ............................................................................................................................................76 Trama......................................................................................................................................................76 La fragilità della psiche umana ............................................................................................................79 Mima: l’identificazione del proprio “io” attraverso lo sguardo altrui ...........................................84 Sennen joyū ................................................................................................................................................89 Trama......................................................................................................................................................89 6 Una fiaba giapponese contemporanea ..............................................................................................91 Chiyoko: l’emblema di un mito ....................................................................................................... 100 Tōkyō goddofāzāzu ............................................................................................................................... 105 Trama................................................................................................................................................... 105 Il miracolo di Natale.......................................................................................................................... 107 Uno è tutto, tutto è uno.................................................................................................................... 114 Mōsō dairinin .......................................................................................................................................... 122 Trama................................................................................................................................................... 122 Quando la responsabilità diventa follia .......................................................................................... 130 Un mosaico di femminilità ............................................................................................................... 145 Paprika ..................................................................................................................................................... 153 Trama................................................................................................................................................... 153 I sogni come strumento liberatorio ................................................................................................ 156 Atsuko e Paprika: l’incapacità di accettarsi .................................................................................... 170 Omaggio a un grande regista .................................................................................................................... 178 Conclusione ................................................................................................................................................. 183 Bibliografia ................................................................................................................................................... 188 Filmografia .............................................................................................................................................. 188 Manga ....................................................................................................................................................... 190 Bibliografia .............................................................................................................................................. 191 Sitografia .................................................................................................................................................
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