DOCSLIB.ORG

How Social Movements Matter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How Social Movements Matter HOW SOCIA I MOVEMENT S MATTE R Social Movements, Protest, and Contention Series Editor: Bert Klandermans, Free University, Amsterdam Associate Editors: Sidney Tarrow, Cornell University Vena A. Taylor, The Ohio State University Ron Aminzade, University of Minnesota Volume 10 Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, and Charles Tilly, eds., How Social Movements Matter Volume 9 Cynthia L. Irvin, Militant Nationalism: Between Movement and Party in Ireland and the Basque Country Volume 8 Raka Ray Fields of Protest: Women's Movements in India Volume 7 Michael P Hanagan, Leslie Page Moch, and Wayne te Brake, eds., Challenging Authority: The Historical Study of Contentious Politics Volume 6 Donatella della Porta and Herbert Reiter, eds., Policing Protest: The Control of Mass Demonstrations in Western Democracies Volume 5 Hanspeter Kriesi, Ruud Koopmans, Jan Willem Duyvendak, and Marco G. Giugni, New Social Movements in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis Volume 4 Hank Johnston and Bert Klandermans, eds., Social Movements and Culture Volume 3 J. Craig Jenkins and Bert Klandermans, eds., The Politics of Social Protest: Comparative Perspectives on States and Social Movements Volume 2 John Foran, ed., A Century of Revolution: Social Movements in Iran Volume 1 Andrew Szasz, EcoPopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice HOW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS MATTER Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, and Charles Tilly, editors Foreword b y Sidne y Tarro w Social Movements, Protest, and Contention Volume 10 University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis • London Copyright 1999 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290 Minneapolis, MN 55401-2520 http://www.upress.umn.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data How social movements matter / Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, and Charles Filly, editors ; foreword by Sidney Tarrow. p. cm. — (Social movements, protest, and contention ; v. 10) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8166-2914-5 (hardcover). — ISBN 0-8166-2915-3 (paperback) 1. Social movements. 2. Protest movements. 1. Giugni, Marco. II. McAdam, Doug. III. Tilly, Charles. IV. Series. HM131.H625 1999 303.48'4—dc21 99-17529 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer. 1110 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 1098765432 Contents Foreword vii Sidney Tarrow Preface xi Introduction How Social Movements Matter: Past Research, Present Problems, Future Developments xiii Marco Giugni Part I: Types of Consequences 1. Social Movements and Public Policy 3 Paul Burstein 2. Making an Impact: Conceptual and Methodological Implications of the Collective Goods Criterion 22 Edwin Amenta and Michael P. Young 3. The Impact of Social Movements on Political Institutions: A Comparison of the Introduction of Direct Legislation in Switzerland and the United States 42 Hanspeter Kriesi and Dominique Wider 4. Protest, Protesters, and Protest Policing: Public Discourses in Italy and Germany from the 1960s to the 1980s 66 Donatella della Port a 5. Political Protest and Institutional Change: The Anti—Vietnam War Movement and American Science 97 Kelly Moore 6. The Biographical Impact of Activism 119 Doug Me Adam Part II: Comparative Perspectives 7. Feminist Politics in a Hostile Environment: Obstacles and Opportunities 149 Joyce Gelb and Vivien Hart 8. How the Cold War Was Really Won: The Effects of the Antinuclear Movements of the 1 980s 182 David S. Meyer 9. The Impact of Environmental Movements in Western Societies 204 Dieter Rucht 10. Ethnic and Civic Conceptions of Nationhood and the Differential Success of the Extreme Right in Cermany and Italy 225 Ruud Koopmans and Paul Statham Conclusion From Interactions to Outcomes in Social Movements 253 Charles Tilly Bibliography 271 Contributors 303 Index 307 Foreword Sidney Jarrow Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, and Charles Tilly have put together a sub- versive reader. Everyone who has worked on social movements knows how important it is to try to understand their outcomes. Almost everyone admits the extreme difficulty of doing so. Some of us make halfhearted attempts anyway; others retreat to the tried-and-true terrain of studying movement origins; a few take refuge in phenomenology. Giugni, McAdam, and Tilly are braver souls. After obligatory curtsies in the direction of caution, they and their collaborators strike out boldly to detect, discriminate among, and define the outcomes of social movements. As if this were not subversive enough, they and their contributors refuse to limit themselves to the most direct, short-term effects of movements— national, institution-based policy outcomes. Though experts like Paul Burstein and Dieter Rucht contribute to the book lucid treatments of direct policy effects, even their contributions are unconventional: Burstein ques- tions the distinctiveness of social movements altogether, and Rucht elabo- rates a complex model of movements' environmental impact—both through policy and beyond it. But the most subversive message of the book is found in its authors' willingness to go beyond the range of national policy and political impacts of social movements and into such nonnational areas as the international peace movement (Meyer); such nongovernmental areas as movement effects on scientific institutions (Moore); such cultural areas as the changing dis- course of protest policing (della Porta); and such noninstitutional areas as the effects of movements on the life course (McAdam). vii Vlll FOREWORD The authors, it is true, touch base with familiar old friends in social movement debates: debates about whether disruption or moderation pays greater dividends; whether internal or external resources make more of a dif- ference for movement success; whether purposive or unintended outcomes of movements are more important; and whether the changes initiated by movements are durable or ephemeral. But their true contributions are more subversive: • questioning, on the one hand, whether movements are distinct from interest groups (Burstein) or whether they are best seen not as groups at all, but rather as structured contentious performances (Tilly) • turning away from the search for invariant causal models toward a search for historically contingent combinations of factors (Giugni, Tilly), a shift that directs attention to the mechanisms responsible for translating structural determinants into action and outcomes (Moore, Meyer, Rucht) • displacing the tried-and-true configurative case study with paired comparisons that tease important outcomes and their causes out of differences in similarly situated cases (Kriesi and Wisler, della Porta, Gelb and Hart, Meyer, Koopmans and Statham) • taking social movement research out of its intellectual ghetto by linking movements to processes of democratiza- tion (Kriesi and Wisler, della Porta) and even embedding hypotheses about movement outcomes in a theory of democracy (Burstein) The authors of these pieces do not have all the answers—nor do they pose all the questions. In focusing mainly on progressive movements (bar Koopmans and Statham), they have little to say about either the religious or the retrogressive movements that have surfaced in the 1990s. In focusing on the United States and Western Europe, they do not help us understand the rare but dramatic successes of movements in authoritarian systems. And, but for one chapter (Amenta and Young), they do not come to grips with how movements solve collective action problems. The conclusion, by Tilly, dips a broad net of proposals for further re- search into the stream of research on movement outcomes, urging scholars simultaneously to work "upstream" by identifying instances of movement ef- FOREWORD ix fects, then seeing whether the hypothesized causal chain is actually operat- ing; to work "downstream" by identifying instances of the causal chain in operation, then seeing whether and how its hypothesized effects occurred; and to work "midstream" by examining whether the internal links of the causal chain operate as the theory requires. Movement fish beware: Tilly in- tends to hook you from several directions at once! These are cavils. In How Social Movements Matter, Giugni, McAdam, and Tilly provide a road map of the current state of research on movement outcomes, open that map to unexplored provinces, and put high-test gaso- line in the engine. If in the process, they threaten to broaden the field of social movements into a general approach to contentious politics, the field will be the richer for their efforts. This page intentionally left blank Preface During the past decade or so, systematic literature on social movements has been growing at an impressively fast rate. Yet, in what has now become a real "growth industry," there are still some areas that have remained somewhat understudied. The outcomes and consequences of movements certainly con- stitute one of these relatively neglected areas of inquiry; investigators have generally given much more attention to origins and trajectories of social movements than to their impact on routine politics, on their social environ- ments, on other social movements, or on the participants themselves. The principal aim of this book is to draw
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Performative Citizenship in the Civil Rights and Immigrant Rights Movements
    Performative Citizenship in the Civil Rights and Immigrant Rights Movements Kathryn Abrams In August 2013, Maria Teresa Kumar, the executive director of Voto Lat mo, spoke aJongside civil rights leaders at the fiftieth anniversary of the March on Washington. A month earlier, immigrant activists invited the Reverend Al Sharpton to join a press conference outside the federal court building as they celebrated a legal victory over joe Arpaio, the anti-immigrant sheriff of Maricopa County. Undocumented youth orga­ nizing for immigration reform explained their persistence with Marlin Luther King's statement that "the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towardjustice." 1 The civil rights movement remains a potent reminder that politically marginalized groups can shape the Jaw through mobilization and col­ lective action. This has made the movement a crucial source of sym­ bolism for those activists who have come after. But it has also been a source of what sociologist Doug McAdam has called "cultural innova­ uons"2: transformative strategies and tactics that can be embraced and modified by later movements. This chapter examines the legacy of the Civil Rights Act by revisiting the social movement that produced it and comparing that movement to a recent and galvanizing successor, the movement for immigrant rights.3 This movement has not simply used the storied tactics of the civil rights movement; it has modified them 2 A Nation of Widening Opportunities in ways that render them more performative: undocumented activists implement the familiar tactics that enact, in daring and surprising ways, the public belonging to which they aspire.4 This performative dimen­ sion would seem to distinguish the immigrant rights movement, at the level of organizational strategy, from its civil rights counterpart, whose participants were constitutionally acknowledged as citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • DOUG Mcadam CURRENT POSITION
    DOUG McADAM CURRENT POSITION: The Ray Lyman Wilbur Professor of Sociology (with affiliations in American Studies, Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity, and the Interdisciplinary Program in Environmental Research) Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 PRIOR POSITIONS: Fall 2001 – Summer 2005 Director, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA Fall 1998 – Summer 2001 Professor, Department of Sociology, Stanford University Spring 1983 - Summer 1998 Assistant to Full Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Arizona Fall 1979 - Winter 1982 Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, George Mason University EDUCATION: 1973 Occidental College Los Angeles, California B.S., Sociology 1977 State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook, New York M.A., Sociology 1979 State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook, New York Ph.D., Sociology FELLOWSHIPS AND OTHER HONORS: Post Graduate Visiting Scholar, Russell Sage Foundation, 2013-14. DOUG McADAM Page 2 Granted 2013 “Award for Distinguished Scholar,” by University of Wisconsin, Whitewater, March 2013. Named the Ray Lyman Wilbur Professor of Sociology, 2013. Awarded the 2012 Joseph B. and Toby Gittler Prize, Brandeis University, November 2012 Invited to deliver the Gunnar Myrdal Lecture at Stockholm University, May 2012 Invited to deliver the 2010-11 “Williamson Lecture” at Lehigh University, October 2010. Named a Phi Beta Kappa Society Visiting Scholar for 2010-11. Named Visiting Scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation for 2010-11. (Forced to turn down the invitation) Co-director of a 2010 Social Science Research Council pre-dissertation workshop on “Contentious Politics.” Awarded the 2010 Jonathan M. Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service Research Prize, given annually to a scholar for their contributions to the study of “civic engagement.” Awarded the John D.
    [Show full text]
  • ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
    APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions.
    [Show full text]
  • Halfmann CV 2017
    Drew Halfmann January 2017 Contact Department of Sociology University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616 [email protected] 510.684.3850 fax: 530.752.0783 Education Ph.D. Sociology, New York University, September 2001. M.A. Sociology, New York University, January 1996. B.A. Political Science and Economics, University of Wisconsin, May 1990. Current Positions Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, UC Davis, 2011-Present. Editorial Board, American Sociological Review, 2015-Present. Council, Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements, American Sociological Association, 2013-2016. Research Affiliate, UC Davis Center for Poverty Research, 2014-Present. Regular Faculty, Center for Healthcare Policy and Research (CHPR), UC Davis, 2003- Present. Affiliated Faculty, Center for History, Society and Culture (CHSC), UC Davis, 2003-2011. Past Positions Editorial Board, Sociological Perspectives, 2012-2015. 1 Regional Leader, Scholars Strategy Network, Bay Area, 2013-2014. Visiting Lecturer. East China Normal University, Summer 2014. Visiting Lecturer. East China Normal University, Summer 2013. Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, UC-Davis, 2003 to 2011. Fellow, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Scholars in Health Policy Research Program, University of Michigan, 2001 to 2003. Book Halfmann, Drew. 2011. Doctors and Demonstrators: How Political Institutions Shape Abortion Law in the United States, Britain and Canada. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2012 Charles Tilly Best Book Award, Section on Collective Behavior and Social Movements, American Sociological Association 2013 Distinguished Scholarship Award, Pacific Sociological Association Reviewed in American Journal of Sociology, Contemporary Sociology (twice), Mobilization, Women, Politics and Policy, Law and Politics Book Review, World Medical and Health Policy, Canadian Review of Sociology, Women’s Book Review Refereed Articles and Book Chapters Halfmann, Drew.
    [Show full text]
  • Electoral Reform and Trade-Offs in Representation
    Electoral Reform and Trade-Offs in Representation Michael Becher∗ Irene Men´endez Gonz´alezy January 26, 2019z Conditionally accepted at the American Political Science Review Abstract We examine the effect of electoral institutions on two important features of rep- resentation that are often studied separately: policy responsiveness and the quality of legislators. Theoretically, we show that while a proportional electoral system is better than a majoritarian one at representing popular preferences in some contexts, this advantage can come at the price of undermining the selection of good politicians. To empirically assess the relevance of this trade-off, we analyze an unusually con- trolled electoral reform in Switzerland early in the twentieth century. To account for endogeneity, we exploit variation in the intensive margin of the reform, which intro- duced proportional representation, based on administrative constraints and data on voter preferences. A difference-in-difference analysis finds that higher reform intensity increases the policy congruence between legislators and the electorate and reduces leg- islative effort. Contemporary evidence from the European Parliament supports this conclusion. ∗Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse and University Toulouse 1 Capitole. Email: [email protected] yUniversity of Mannheim. Email: [email protected] zReplication files for this article will be available upon publication from the Harvard Dataverse. For help- ful comments on previous versions we are especially grateful to Lucy Barnes,
    [Show full text]
  • What Explains the Quality of Coverage of the Civil Rights Movement*
    MAKING GOOD NEWS: WHAT EXPLAINS THE QUALITY OF COVERAGE OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT* Edwin Amenta, Thomas Alan Elliott, Nicole Shortt, Amber C. Tierney, Didem Türkoğlu and Burrel Vann Jr.† When social movement organizations receive extensive newspaper coverage, why is it sometimes substantive and sometimes not? By “substantive,” we mean coverage that reflects serious treat- ment of the movement’s issues, demands, or policy claims. Scholars agree that the news media are key to movement organizations’ influence, helping them alter public discourse and effect political change, but often find that protests are covered nonsubstantively. Employing insights from liter- atures on historical institutionalism, the social organization of the news, and the consequences of movements, we elaborate an “institutional mediation” model that identifies the interactive effects on coverage of news institutions’ operating procedures, movement organizations’ characteristics and action, and political contexts. Although movement actors suffer compound legitimacy deficits with journalists, the institutional mediation model identifies the openings news institutions provide, the movement organizational characteristics, the forms of collective action likely to induce sub- stantive news treatment, and the political contexts that will amplify or dampen these effects. We derive four interactive hypotheses from this model, addressing the effects of organizational identities, collective action, and political contexts on news outcomes. We appraise the hypotheses with comparative and qualitative comparative analyses of more than 1000 individually coded articles discussing the five most-covered organizations of the 1960s U.S. civil rights movement across four national newspapers. We find support for each hypothesis and discuss the implications for other movement organizations and the current media context.
    [Show full text]
  • GEOGRAPHY and SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Comparing
    GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Social Movements, Protest, and Contention Series Editor: Bert Klandermans, Free University, Amsterdam Associate Editors: Sidney Tarrow, Cornell University Verta A. Taylor, The Ohio State University Ron R. Aminzade, University of Minnesota Volume 12 Byron A. Miller, Geography and Social Movements: Comparing Antinuclear Activism in the Boston Area Volume 11 Mona N. Younis, Liberation and Democratization: The South African and Palestinian National Movements Volume 10 Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, and Charles Tilly, editors, How Social Movements Matter Volume 9 Cynthia Irvin, Militant Nationalism: Between Movement and Party in Ireland and the Basque Country Volume 8 Raka Ray, Fields of Protest: Women’s Movements in India Volume 7 Michael P. Hanagan, Leslie Page Moch, and Wayne te Brake, editors, Challenging Authority: The Historical Study of Contentious Politics Volume 6 Donatella della Porta and Herbert Reiter, editors, Policing Protest: The Control of Mass Demonstrations in Western Democracies Volume 5 Hanspeter Kriesi, Ruud Koopmans, Jan Willem Duyvendak, and Marco G. Giugni, New Social Movements in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis Volume 4 Hank Johnston and Bert Klandermans, editors, Social Movements and Culture Volume 3 J. Craig Jenkins and Bert Klandermans, editors, The Politics of Social Protest: Comparative Perspectives on States and Social Movements Volume 2 John Foran, editor, A Century of Revolution: Social Movements in Iran Volume 1 Andrew Szasz, EcoPopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Comparing Antinuclear Activism in the Boston Area Byron A. Miller Social Movements, Protest, and Contention Volume 12 University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis • London Portions of this book were previously published in “Collective Action and Rational Choice: Place, Community, and the Limits to Individual Self-Interest,” Economic Geography 68, no.
    [Show full text]
  • Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
    Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide
    [Show full text]
  • Challenger Party List
    Appendix List of Challenger Parties Operationalization of Challenger Parties A party is considered a challenger party if in any given year it has not been a member of a central government after 1930. A party is considered a dominant party if in any given year it has been part of a central government after 1930. Only parties with ministers in cabinet are considered to be members of a central government. A party ceases to be a challenger party once it enters central government (in the election immediately preceding entry into office, it is classified as a challenger party). Participation in a national war/crisis cabinets and national unity governments (e.g., Communists in France’s provisional government) does not in itself qualify a party as a dominant party. A dominant party will continue to be considered a dominant party after merging with a challenger party, but a party will be considered a challenger party if it splits from a dominant party. Using this definition, the following parties were challenger parties in Western Europe in the period under investigation (1950–2017). The parties that became dominant parties during the period are indicated with an asterisk. Last election in dataset Country Party Party name (as abbreviation challenger party) Austria ALÖ Alternative List Austria 1983 DU The Independents—Lugner’s List 1999 FPÖ Freedom Party of Austria 1983 * Fritz The Citizens’ Forum Austria 2008 Grüne The Greens—The Green Alternative 2017 LiF Liberal Forum 2008 Martin Hans-Peter Martin’s List 2006 Nein No—Citizens’ Initiative against
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Institutionalism and the Welfare State
    Historical Institutionalism and the Welfare State Oxford Handbooks Online Historical Institutionalism and the Welfare State Julia Lynch and Martin Rhodes The Oxford Handbook of Historical Institutionalism Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate Print Publication Date: Mar 2016 Subject: Political Science, Comparative Politics, Political Institutions Online Publication Date: May 2016 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.25 Abstract and Keywords This chapter examines how historical institutionalism has influenced the analysis of welfare state and labor market policies in the rich industrial democracies. Using Lakatos’s concept of the “scientific research program” as a heuristic, the authors explore the development and expansion of historical institutionalism as a predominant approach in welfare state research. Focusing on this tradition’s strong core of actors (academic path- and boundary-setters), rules (methodology and methods), and norms (ontological and epistemological assumptions), they strive to demarcate the terrain of HI within studies of the welfare state, and to reveal the capacity of HI in this field to underpin a robust but flexible and enduring scholarly research program. Keywords: welfare state, Lakatos, research program, historical institutionalism, ideational approaches HISTORICAL institutionalism and the analysis of welfare states (including the ancillary policy domain of the labor market) overlap significantly. More than elsewhere in Political Science and public policy, much single-country, program, and comparative analysis of the welfare state since the 1980s has taken an historical approach (Amenta 2003). Relatedly, some of the major welfare state scholars have also been major historical institutionalism theorists and proponents—most prominently, but not only, Theda Skocpol, Paul Pierson, and Kathleen Thelen.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Media and the Fate of Nonviolent Social Movement Activism
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 From Print to Pixel: Visual Media and The Fate of Nonviolent Social Movement Activism Ksenia O. Gorbenko University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Gorbenko, Ksenia O., "From Print to Pixel: Visual Media and The Fate of Nonviolent Social Movement Activism" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 636. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/636 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/636 For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Print to Pixel: Visual Media and The Fate of Nonviolent Social Movement Activism Abstract In order to be heard or seen, nonviolent social movements (NVSMs) require an audience. News images of nonviolent protests become the means through which awareness of social movements is created. Comparative historical and semiotic analysis of journalistic images demonstrates that violence is a prominent theme within news coverage of nonviolent struggles. Four types of violence within nonviolence are identified: state violence, third-party violence, self-inflicted violence and symbolic violence. The examination of news images of these four types of violence showed the different ways in which challengers and the state contest power in the public domain through the media, in both text and images. Various actors (the state, social movements, journalists, the audience) use news images to historicize and construct their narratives of unfolding events, as well as make transhistorical claims. In this process, they deliberately employ news images to advocate for their causes, align themselves with previous heroes of civil disobedience and play on the popular understandings of good and evil.
    [Show full text]
  • PEGODA-DISSERTATION-2016.Pdf (3.234Mb)
    © Copyright by Andrew Joseph Pegoda December, 2016 “IF YOU DO NOT LIKE THE PAST, CHANGE IT”: THE REEL CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION, HISTORICAL MEMORY, AND THE MAKING OF UTOPIAN PASTS _______________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Andrew Joseph Pegoda December, 2016 “IF YOU DO NOT LIKE THE PAST, CHANGE IT”: THE REEL CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION, HISTORICAL MEMORY, AND THE MAKING OF UTOPIAN PASTS ____________________________ Andrew Joseph Pegoda APPROVED: ____________________________ Linda Reed, Ph.D. Committee Chair ____________________________ Nancy Beck Young, Ph.D. ____________________________ Richard Mizelle, Ph.D. ____________________________ Barbara Hales, Ph.D. University of Houston-Clear Lake ____________________________ Steven G. Craig, Ph.D. Interim Dean, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Department of Economics ii “IF YOU DO NOT LIKE THE PAST, CHANGE IT”: THE REEL CIVIL RIGHTS REVOLUTION, HISTORICAL MEMORY, AND THE MAKING OF UTOPIAN PASTS _______________ An Abstract of A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History University of Houston _______________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________ By Andrew Joseph Pegoda December, 2016 ABSTRACT Historians have continued to expand the available literature on the Civil Rights Revolution, an unprecedented social movement during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s that aimed to codify basic human and civil rights for individuals racialized as Black, by further developing its cast of characters, challenging its geographical and temporal boundaries, and by comparing it to other social movements both inside and outside of the United States.
    [Show full text]