May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14521 of Idaho, Mr. KING, Mr. KUYKENDALL, H.J. Res. 629. Joint resolution proposing other dangerous drugs, and for other pur­ Mr. MAzzOLI, Mr. MCCLOSKEY, Mr. an amendment to the Constitution of the poses; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. RUNNELS, Mr. SHRIVER, and Mr. United States relating to the freedom of SIKES): choice; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 8301. A bill relating to the conserva­ By Mr. O'HARA: tion and restoration of marginal farmland; H.J. Res. 630. Joint resolution providing MEMORIALS to the Committee on Agriculture. for the designation of the third week of Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials By Mr. SPRINGER: October of 1971 as "National German Shep­ H.R. 8302. A bill to extend the act of Sep­ herd Dog Week";· to the Committee on the were presented and referred as follows: tember 30, 1965, relating to high-speed Judiciary. 167. By the SPEAKER: memorial of the ground transportation, by removing the ter­ By Mr. PETI'IS: Legislature of the State of Nevada, relative mination date thereof, and for other pur­ H .J. Res. 631. Joint resolution proposing to the recreational values of public lands; poses; to the Committee on Interstate and an amendment to the Constitution of the to the Committee on Interior and Insular Foreign Commerce. United States with respect to the flag of Affairs. By Mr. STEELE: the United States; to the Committee on the 168. By the SPEAKER: memorial of the H.R. 8303. A bill to amend the Omnibus Judiciary. Legislature of the State of Alabama, relative Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968; By Mr. QUILLEN: to designating an "American Creed Week"; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 632. Joint resolution amending to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 8304. A bill to amend the Omnibus title 38 of the United States Code to au­ Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, thorize the Administrator of Veterans' Af­ to provide assistance for the development of fairs to provide certain assistance in the nonlethal weapons and police protection establishment of new State medical schools PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS equipment, and for other purposes; to the and the improvement of existing medical Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Committee on the Judiciary. schools affiliated with the Veterans' Admin­ bills and resolutions were introduced and By Mr. VIGORITO (for himself, Mr. istration; to the Committee on Veterans• HECHLER, of West Virginia, Mr. NIX, Affairs. severally referred as follows: Mr. REES, Mr. HARRINGTON, Mrs. By Mr. BENNET!' (for himself, Mr. By Mr. BEGICH: GRASSO, Mr. EILBERG, Mr. SCHEUER, DELLENBACK, and Mr. HALPERN): H.R. 8307. A b111 for the relief of Michael Mr. EDWARDS of Louisiana, Mr. H. Con. Res. 295. Concurrent resolution: A. Korhonen; to the Committee on the Ju­ HAWKINS, Mr. MITCHELL, Mr. Wn.­ Joint Committee on Impoundment of Funds; diciary. LIAM D. FORD, and Mr. SElliERLING): to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. HELSTOSKI: H .R. 8305. A bill to provide that no de­ By Mr. WHITEHURST: H.R. 8308. A bill for the relief of John and partment, agency, or instrumentality of the H. Con. Res. 296. Concurrent resolution Liberia Chimenti; to the Committee on the United States shall contract to purchase that it is the sense of Congress that the Judiciary. coal which has been mined by the surface Federal Government should take appropri­ By Mr. MILLER of California: mining method; to the Committee on the ate steps to determine if new research meth­ H.R. 8309. A bill to gr.ant a Federal Charter Judiciary. ods for its research projects can be devel­ to the National Association Legions of By Mr. PERKINS: oped, where feasible, to complement or elimi­ Honor; to the Committee on the District of H.R. 8306. A bill to further provide for the nate current methods involving the direct Columbia. farmer-owned cooperative system of making or indirect use of animals; to the Committee By Mr. ROYBAL: credit available to farmers and ranchers on Science and Astronautics. H.R. 8310. A bill for the relief of Kang-Be and their cooperatives, for rural residences, By Mr. ZABLOCKI (for himself, Mr. Chu; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and to associations and other entities upon NIX, Mr. FRASER, Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. By Mr. TERRY: which farming operations are dependent, to BROOMFIELD, Mr. MORSE, Mr. FIND­ H. Res. 436. Resolution commending the provide for an adequate and flexible flow of LEY, Mr. FuLToN of Pennsylvania, Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Chlldren and money into rural areas, and to modernize Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin, and Burns Institutes; to the Committee on the and consolidate existing farm credit law to Mr. MAILLIARD) : Judiciary. meet current and future rural credit needs, H. Con. Res. 297. Concurrent resolution and for other purposes; to the Committee calling for the humane treatment and re­ on Agriculture. lease of U.S. prisoners of war held by North PETIT'IONS, ETC. By Mr. FOUNTAIN: Vietnam and its allies in Southeast Asta, H .J . Res. 628. Joint resolution proposing and for other purposes; to the Committee Under clause 1 of rule XX!I, an amendment to the Constitution of the on Foreign Affairs. 71. The SPEAKER presented a petition of United States relating to attendance assign­ By Mrs. IDCKS of Massachusetts: the city council, Brook Park, Ohio; relative ments in public schools on the basis of race H. Res. 435. Resolution calling upon the to restoring a bulk mail handling station to or color; to the Committee on the Judiciary. United Nations to help to eliminate the the greater Cleveland area; to the Commit­ By Mr. HAGAN: illegal international traffic in narcotics and tee on Post Office and Civil Service.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS WHITE HOUSE WORSHIP SERVICE Mother's Day, which has become a Day observance occurred exactly 63 years FEATURES GRAFTON, W. VA., HIGH permanent part of American life, is the ago yesterday in the Andrews Methodist SCHOOL CHOIR AND STIRRING work of one woman, Miss Anna Jarvis. A EpiscopaJ Church at Grafton. Today that SERMON BY REV. JOHN C. HARPER native of West Virginia and Taylor church is the center of a developing County, Miss JarviS campaigned daunt­ International Mother's Day Shrine. lessly for a special day of the year on The Grafton Senior High School HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH which Americans could honor mothers. choir, under the direction of Kenneth OF WEST VmGINIA I knew Miss Jarvis personally, and Godwin, Jr., had 25 participating mem­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES recaJl ow· mutuaJ fondness for the words bers of the larger choir group in the Tuesday, May 11, 1971 of the poet Henry Van Dyke, in the trib­ chorus. They include: ute to his mother: Bob Bryan, Roger McCauley, Fred Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, the Smith, Chuck Kelley, Bob Leonard, Pam White House worship service this past I cannot pay my debt Stevens, Kathy Davis, Dawn Jenkins, Sunday, was impressive and inspiring. For all the love that she has given; Mike Fawcett, Nancy Ludwick, Janine The occasion was of especial significance But thou, love's Lord, Will not forget Manley, Steve Thompson, Bob Weaver, to Representative HARLEY STAGGERS and Her due reward Judy Godwin, Linda McWilliams, Mary me, with members of the Grafton, W. Va., Bless her in Earth and Heaven. Reneau, Pam Sapp, Nancy Warder, High School concert choir were present Laura Ferrell, Pam Knotts, Ron Wolfe, to sing the moving anthem, "Gloria," by The project to create a special day for Dave Phillips, Tom Walls, Joe Radcliff, Franz Schubert, and other selections. mothers became the life's work of Miss and Lloyd Spring. President Richard Nixon, in opening Jarvis in memory of her own mother. She Other participants in the White House remarks, noted that the proclamation buttonholed industrialists, businessmen, visit, in addition to Mr. Godwin, were designating the second Sunday in May as politicians, and church officials in her faculty members and staff, including: Mother's Day was signed by President ceaseless drive for a national observance. Ted Thompson, Mrs. Calvin Morrison, Woodrow Wilson on May 8, 1914. Fittingly, the first organized Mother's Mrs. Frank Sador and James Havenner, CXVII--913-Part ll 14522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971

together with Grafton High School II with change-the rapids of life--no less than Principal Edward A. Whitecarver, teach­ One of America's wisest historians today With the abiding rocks. er Russell Walls, pianist, Mrs. Robert is the retired professor at Harvard Samuel III Gough, and Miss Ellen Jane Wiseman, Eliot Morison, biographer of two of our in· The religiously oriented person today is photographer. domltable heroes, Christopher Columbus and called to accountability as he acts out his John Paul Jones, not to mention the author faith in whatever circumstances are appro­ The following Grafton High School of the fifteen volume history of Naval opera­ students were at the White House for the priate to his particular life. He is called to tions in World War II. At the age of eighty­ try to redeem his society rather than to con­ reception when the President and Mrs. four, at a time when a. lesser breed of men tinue to condemn what is wrong without any Nixon met personally with approxi­ would be winding down, Admiral Morison has possibility or resurrection; he is motivated mately 300 worshippers: just published the first of what he expects to act upon his religious hope rather than Patti Weaver, Robin Lucas, Earl Bart­ will be three volumes about the European to live in the ghettos of despair. Hopeless­ lett, Dennis Boliner, Jim Steadman, Bill discovery of America. He ends the preface to ness says, "There is no exit"; the voice of Knisley, Mike Ellington, Darleen Haven­ the first volume, which describes all the hope says that there is a way out as we ner, Kenny Mick, Connie Sapp, Karen known voyages across the North Atlantic continue to pray, "Thy kingdom come ... prior to 1600, with these words: through me; thy wlll be done . . . through Manley, Kathy Garrett, Debbie Haddix, "I am highly conscious of writing a.mid me." Luann Funkhauser, Jackie Stevens, 'the tumult of the times disoonsola.te'--as "The great tragedies of history," said Al­ Rober Carder, Steve Hauk, Phil Stevens, Longfellow wrote of the 1860's. And to those bert Camus, "often fascinate men with ap­ Larry McWilliams, Tom Poling, Tim now whimpering about the state of the world, proaching horror. Paralyzed, they cannot Newlon, Linda Floyd, Lisa Smith; Mar­ and especially Americans predicting the col­ make up their minds to do anything but lene Kalo, Glenda Watkins, Nancy Foley, lapse of society, I will say, 'Have faith! Hang wait. So they wait, and one day the gorgon Carla Sansbury, Tara Taylor, Fred on! Do something yourself to improve devours them. But I should like to convince Queen, Steve Lambert, Herb Dodrill, things!' What if England and France had you that the spell can be broken, that there given up trying to establish colonies after is only an illusion of impotence, that strength Cathy Brewer, and Steve Ward. the failures . . . and had become ingrown? of heart, intelligence, and courage are enough Mr. President, the eager faces of these What if they had written oft North America to stop fate and sometimes reverse it." fine young men and women-60 in all­ as worthless for want of precious metals? This is where hope breaks in upon the was in contrast to some of the faces we Where then would you be? . . . sheer incongruity between "the world's slow have been confronted with on Capitol "In human affairs there is no snug harbor, stain" and the promises that God has made. Hill in recent days. They listened, in­ no rest short of the grave. We are forever The task of men of faith is always to struggle tently and earnestly, to the President's setting forth across new and stormy seas, for freedom against those fatalities that ap­ appropriate remarks and to a stirring or into outer space." pear to close in upon us, as we recognize tha.t Here is a wise voice of hope for us amid the God of hope calls us to judgment and message by the Reverend Dr. John C. "the tumult of the times disconsolate." It is a that the ultimate outcome, while often un­ Harper, rector of St. John's Episcopal reminder that there is never a snug ha.rbor, comfortable and unsettling, is in his hands. Church at Lafayette Square. I ask unan­ for we must always be a pilgrim people When we discover "the eternal shining imous consent that the sermon be placed set ting forth afresh ln behalf of a.n ideal, through the temporal" we understand that in the RECORD, because it is probing and sometimes towards an impossible goal, but we a.re summoned now to respect the reali­ profound spiritual essay on the university always moving on into the vast unknown be­ ties of man's disorder but also to believe in of man. cause we are forever dissatisfied with where God's ultimate design in human history, to we have been and yearning for something understand in Stephen Vincent Benet's 'lb.ere being no objection, the sermon which lies beyond our present experience. words that, was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, If I understand it correctly, our Judeo­ as follows: Always and always life can be lost without Christlan tradition rests on two assumptions. vi.sion THE RAGGED EDGE OJ' FORTITUDE One is that there is plenty wrong with the But not lost by death. (A sermon preached at The White House world, the result of human failure to answer Lost by not thinking, willing, ca.ring, on May 9, 1971, by the Reverend John C. God's commands; · the other is that in spite Going beyond the ragged edge of fortitude Harper, DD., Rector of St. John's Church, of our alienation from goodness-what the To something more---Something no man has Lafayette Square in Washington.) Bible conveniently calls our sin-there is a seen. way out. God for quite unfathomable rea­ I sons does not desert us even at those times It is in this spirit that we continue a search I am honored to come here as a neighbor when we turn against him. He provides every for eternal greatness incarnate in event.s and on Lafayette Square. For one hundred and man with his Bethlehem where new hopes in people, and in so doing go "beyond the fifty-six years St. John's Church, across what are born and with a Calvary where failures ragged edge of fortitude to . . . something no was first called the President's Park, has had are answered by unswerving love. In short, man has seen." close association with this Mansion. The God offers us that venturing, creative spirit architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe, who be­ which surmounts our past and scorns the fore and after the War of 1812 worked on terror of the present, telllng us that religious this building as well as the center section hope ls founded on the promise of the future. PURSUIT OF WORLD PEACE of the Capitol itself, designed St. John's "In the face of this," St. Paul wrote, "what THROUGH STUDY, RESEARCH Church in 1815 and commented at the time is there left to say? If God is for us, who that he had "made many Washingtonians can be against us? Can anything separate AND TEACHING CAN BE STIMU­ religious who had not been religious before" I us from the love of Christ? Can trouble, LATED BY U.S. PEACE AGENCY President Lincoln once gently turned down pain, or persecution? Can la.ck of clothes and a young omce seeker who had nevertheless food, danger to life and limb, the threat asked if he might leave his papers at The of arms? No, in all these things we win. an HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT White House. "Don't do it"! exclaimed the overwhelming victory through him who has OF FLORIDA President. "Keep 'em. They mlght--now mind proved his love for us." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES you I don't say they will, but they might-­ These truths of the spirit however are not gain you a membership at St. John's." I am evidenced by acknowledging them or being Monday, May 10, 1971 glad to say that the times have changed, al­ sentimental about them, but by acting upon Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, there is though St. John's Church continues to try them. They are dependent upon what we do, no higher challenge to men of good will to be "a beacon of hope in the nation's ca.pi· for upon us may depend the reality of God than the pursuit of peace for all man­ tal." here on earth. Real religion finds its center kind. This morning I am mindful of our coun­ in a style of life in which we are each try's and church's strong tradition. Admiral called to responsibility and dignity, where Joseph Conrad wrote: Dewey, at the beginning of the Spanish· hope permits us to be open t;o the future as What all men are really after is some American War, st.id: "My greatest and dearest it is determined by God who is found in peo­ form, or perhaps only some formula, o! personal ambition is to conquer Manila and ple no better or no worse than ourselves. peace. to be allowed to live in order that I may re­ If we believe, as did St. Paul, that "neither turn to pass the plate at St. John's." A few death nor life, neither what happens today This is true throughout the world to­ minutes ago when we sang the Doxology, nor what happens tomorrow . . . has any day, even as we go about the building which usually comes at the end of the Offer­ power to separate us from the love of God in of stockpiles of weapons to stop future tory, I thought of the good Admiral and of Jesus Christ," we can go on and accept with wars; as we pray for an earlier solution the proud association St. John's has had some degree of courage the belle! that God is to the Vietnam war; as we continue our with our nation and our country's heroes. indeed found in history, that he is identified efforts at the SALT talks, and as we inch May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14523 toward accommodation with mainland The major, based on interdisciplinary in conjunction With a second related major; China. studies, will draw on courses from the his­ e.g. social psychology, government, history. Dr. Stonier calls peace studies a "rapidly It my tory, government, English, economics, philos­ is feeling, as a longtime member ophy and biology departments. Students will developing science that encompasses many of the House Armed Services Committee, be required to take 30 credits as well as at­ traditional disciplines." Students majoring in that we need an agency in our Govern­ tend weekly peace seminars and undertake the field have several career options, he says. ment dedicated solely to finding a way a yearlong independent project in the field. Executive careers, especially with interna­ to peace. The prime mover in the establishment of tionally-orlented firms, government service I have reintroduced in this session of the peace major was the Pacem in Terris In­ and education are some of the areas Dr. Congress-as I have for more than a stitute, an organization of faculty members Stonier lists as offering 9pportunitie::; to un­ decade-a bill-H.R. 585, pending in the and friends of Manhattan College who main­ dergraduate peace studies majors. tain that a peace study major is a valid aca­ "Peace studies majors," says Stonier "wlll House Foreign Affairs Committee-to es­ be particularly well-equipped to go into fields tablish the U.S. Agency for World Peace demic discipline. A BIOLOGIST IN CHARGE like labor-management, With a background within the Department of State. in inter-group conflict and management of I believe it is necessary to pinpoint in Dr. Tom T. Stonier, professor of biology, conflict. The peace major would have a more one single agency the role of finding ls the director of the new program. Outlin­ international education and would be able solutions to peace. My bill would accom­ ing the general scope of the new major, Dr. to relate to other cultures easily," he adds. Stonier said the course offerings would in­ "His education too, will have been problem­ plish this, by setting up an independent clude the biology of human behavior-terri­ agency within the Department of State oriented, not the traditional disc1pl1ne­ toriality, hlerachy, aggression, violence of in­ oriented." which will not deal in policy formulation tergroup confiict among primates and among Stonier describes the new major as an but will do intensive research on prob­ men. example of far-sighted thinking. "As society lems related to achieve peace. To study other subjects to be covered are the social turns toward the university for help, as it the causes of war and to develop tech­ psychology of social problems, international always has during times of stress, the need niques for the elimination and reduction relations and international organizations, for peace studies by the late nineteen-seven­ world economic geography and economic de­ ties Will be enormous," he says, "to deal with of these causes would be purposes of the velopment, the anatomy of peace-making ef­ peace agency. the outstanding social problem of our time-­ forts from ancient times, peace and revolu­ lethal inter-group con1llct." Two interesting projects have recently tion-the attitudes of Christians, the church Dr. Stonier ls a founding member and first come to my attention in my work and and Ghandiism and the literature of peace chairman of Manhattan College's Pacem in sponsorship of the peace agency re­ and war from ancient to contemporary times. Terris Institute, an organization of scholars, search bill. War, according to Dr. Stonier, 1s a social diplomats and educators dedicated to the First, is the news that Manhattan Col­ institution like slavery and as ancient. In establishment of world peace. The Institute dealing with war, he continued, one is deal­ was one Of the prime movers behind the lege in New York will offer what is be­ ing With cultural patterns. lieved to be the first undergraduate formation of the peace, studies major at the major in peace studies in an American ''IN A CULTURAL TRAP College. college or university. This course will "War is culturally determined by people just as there are people who are culturally THB PEACE STUDIES MAJOR involve history, religion, biology of hu­ pacifist," he said. We cannot legislate peace. The students would be requtred t.o take man behavior, world economic studies, we are in a cultural trap. seven three-credit courses, plus a "Peace and other studies. I have included in the "Society projects an image of group and studies Seminar" and a progl'e.m of inde­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD information on individual confiicts from the earliest age. pendent research or field projects in the this new involvement by Manhattan Col­ There is reason for some optlmlsm because Senior year. The core curriculum for the lege and its Peace In Terris Institute, the primary motivation and the source of Peace Studies Major would therefore com­ headed by Dr. Tom T. Stonier, director, war-the conquest of resources-has ended. prlse a tot.al of so credits. Each student will peace studies major program. These resources are now being replaced by be under the direction of a.n advisor who technological developments which can pro­ would be drawn from the active member­ second, a study of international wars duce materials cheaper and faster, Just as the ship of the Pacem in Terris Institute. The from 1816 to 1965 is being published by industrial revolution replaced slavery. advisor would be teaching, or have expertlse researchers at the University of Michi­ "We a.re, however, in a dangerous situation in the area of the student's interest, e.g. eco­ gan; and the National Science Founda­ because of the rapid development of new nomics, ph.llosophy, science, etc. The speo1.fic tion is assisting in further programs in weapons systems and the lack Of social ma­ courses listed in the 1970-71 catalogue, are this area. An article from the New York chinery to control them." as follows: Times of May 6, 1971, describes the work Dr. Stonier said he hoped that the students History 481. The Anatomy of Peace (Chris­ who enrolled in the peace major next fall ten): Followtng an historical review of slg­ of political scientists and historians in would go on to graduate school, obtain grad­ nlflcant war-llm.1.t1ng and/or peace-main­ their efforts to explain the causation of uate degree and organize peace studies in taining systems empolyed prior to 1919, this war. colleges where they might teach. course utlllzes a case history approach to Mr. Speaker, George Catlett Marshall World War II, and the Cold War, and Viet­ once said: nam, t.o establish spec1flo causes for the MANHATI'AN TO OFFER MAJOR IN PEACE break-down of peace and to suggest paths If man does find the solution for world STUDIES; FmsT IN THE NATION to long-term peace-keeping. Three credits. peace it will be the most revolutionary re­ RIVERDALE, N.Y.-Manhattan College has versal of his record we have ever known. Religious Studies 483. Peace and Revo­ become the first institution in the nation lution. (Fahey) : Peace and Revolution. A We know we have a difficult problem to establish an undergraduate major in the study of the world in revolution. An investi­ study of peace. gation 1n the llght of Christian theology to solve, but we can make great gains if The new major, whloh will be available to we really devote ourselves finding the int.o the peaceful means of revolutionary to students beginning in September 1971, will change. The role of foreign policy, various ways to peace and the causes of war. I be an interdisciplinary one for undergrad­ revolutionary ideologies, and the concept of believe that the Manhattan College uates "interested 1n the problems of peace­ international peace wlll be considered in the studies and the University of Michigan ful resolution of conflict and of stability 1n context ot Christian ethics and related sci­ paper are strong indications that we can community and world affairs," according to ences. Cosponsored by the Pacem 1n Terris do more in researching peace. We have Brother Francis Bowers, F.S.C., dean of Man­ Institute. Three credits. just scratched the surface. A U.S. Agency hattan's School of Arts and Sciences. World Literature 807. The Literature of for World Peace ·within the State De­ Described as a "major breakthrough" by Peace and War (Taylor) : A thematic study Dr. Tom T. Stonier, the program's director of peace and war 1n western literature. Man's partment would further stimulate those and a professor of biology, the peace studies evolving response to w&r, and the human and studies to end wars. I hope that my major involves a core curriculum Of seven cultural values underlying this response, will legislation will be enacted into law at an courses, totaling twenty-one credits. Typical be examined 1n the major works of writers early date. courses will include: Anatomy of Peace, a ranging from Homer and Euripides to Wil­ The items follow: history course; Peace and Revolution, to be fred Owen and Jaroslav Tasek. Three credits taught by religious studies faculty; Bio­ [From the New York Times, Apr. 25, 1971) beglnn.1ng 1972 spring. logy of Human Behavior; and World Eco­ Government 441. International Relations. MAJOR To BE GIVEN IN PEACE STUDIES; MAN­ nomic Geography. In addition to regular (Heller): International Relations. Analysis HATI'AN COLLEGE SAYS UNIT WILL BE FIRST course work, students Will be required to of the political, social, economic and psycho­ OF KIND attend a weekly seminar in peace studies and logical bases and the methods by which (By M. S. Handler) conduct an independent research or :field states conduct their relations with one an­ Manhattan College, a Roman Catholic project with an advisor. other. Three credits. School in the Bronx, Will offer this fall what In announcing the new offering, Brother Government 442. International Organiza­ it believes will be the country's first under­ Francis explained that students may elect ·tions. (Heller): International Organizations. graduate major in peace studies. to pursue peace studies as a separate major The development of the League of Nations, 14524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 the United Nations and the specialized agen­ tional wars fought in the 150 years between much social science research has been fuzzy cies, a study of their structure, functions and the end of that Napoleonic period in 1816 and lacked scientific rigor. This quantitative operations. Three credits. and the very recent past, 1965. Of these 50 approach is still controversial because many Economics 331. World Economic Geography. were "interstate" wars, involving two or more doubt that a phenomenon as complex as war (Ca,1iill): World Economic Geography. A sovereign nations, and 43 were imperi·al and and its roots can be reduced to numbers. study of the continental problems of par­ colonial wars. Dr. Singer acknowledges that "one loses ticular zones and of individual countries, The year 1816 was chosen because most subtlety and some complexity" with quan­ with special attention to landforms, climate historians regard it as a watershed date be­ titative, or "operational," techniques. But, re­ natural resources agricultural and industrial tween the prior and modern epic in inter­ ferring to previous research on the war, he production. Three credits. national relations. The modern system of added: "I sit here in my office surrounded Psychology 336. The Social Psychology of nations began to take shape of that time. by about 942 linear feet of delightful and Social Problems. (Goggins): Selected con­ Current wars, notably the Vietnam oonfiict, plausible speculation on the causes and con­ temporary social problems wlll be studied were excluded because the statistics a.re not sequences of war-and there's not a damn from the viewpoint of the social psychologist. yet complete. shred of reproducible evidence." Violence, urban and campus disorders, the For inclusion in the study, the researchers Traditional scholars have posited a num­ social psychology of war and peace; social decided, a war must have had at least 1,000 ber of theories on war. They have invoked psychological, psychoanalytic, and behavioral battle fatalities. An imperial war was defined such factors as population pressure, eco­ approaches to crime and juvenile delinquen­ as one in which a major power was attempt­ nomics, bipolarity, alliance aggregation, po­ cy; the social psychology of overpopulation. ing to impose control on another people and litical ambition and technological change. Three credits. a colonial war as one in which a colony was Two earlier, but more limited, attempts to Biology 307. Biology of Human Behavior. trying to throw off foreign control. Unless examine these theories systematically were (Stonier): Biology 307. An interdisciplinary they became internationalized, civil wars made by the late Quincy Wright of the Uni­ inquiry into human behavior within the were excluded to limit the study. versity of Chicago and Lewis Richardson of context of the evolutionary processes with Part of the study involved the drawing England. considerations of biological, psychological, of a won-lost table showing national per­ In continuing the Wright-Richardson sociological and socio-cultural aspects with formances in war. England, for example, was quantitative approach, the Singer group at special consideration of phenomena such as found to have won 16 wars and to have been Michigan has sought to reduce all the possi­ imprinting, learning, creativity, sexual be­ on the losing side in two-the Mahdist war ble "variables" to numbers so they can be havior, altruism, hierarchy, territoriality ag­ ( 1882-85) in the Sudan and the Indonesia analyzed by computer. The first task was to gression, violence and war. Three credits. war of independence (1945-46), in which the build a basic descriptive list of wars during In addition to these seven existing courses British fought on the side of the Dutch. the 150-year period. All 93 wars, ranging the student would be required to take a From these compilations has emerged a from the British-Maha.rattan War of 1817-18 Seminar in Peace Studies and spend time in computer-generated statistical handbook en­ to the second Kashmir War in 1965, were as­ his Senior Year in a research of field project. titled "The Wages of War," to be published signed a number. The Seminar in Peace Studies would consist by John Wiley & Sons later this year or next. For each war, a list of statistics was com­ of one two-hour meeting per week with the These are some of the observations on 150 piled, based on the best available historical entire Peace Studies Institute Faculty. Dis­ years of war: evidence. The "magnitude" of each was cussions would center around reports by War was under way in all but 24 Of the measured by the number of nations involved students, faculty, or outside experts. 150 years. Altogether 144 nations spent a to­ and the length of the war. "Severity" was tal of 4,500 "nation months" in combat and measured by battle deaths and "intensity" by [From the New York Times, May 6, 1971] suffered 29 million battle deaths, exclusive the ratio of deaths to population and size of of civilians. A "nation month" is one month armed forces. WARS STUDIED IN EFFORT AT PREVENTION spent in combat by one nation For example, the Korean War involved 16 (By Robert Reinhold) An interstate war began every 30 yea.rs and nations, lasted 37 months, or 516.5 "nation Almost from the day some prehistoric a. colonial or imperial one every 3.5 yea.rs. months," and resulted in 2 million military tribesmen picked up their clubs and spears The years 1917, during World War I, and deaths. With 3,872 battle deaths per nation and started the first war to avenge a stolen 1943, during World War II, were the moot month, it was less intense than World War wife or the malpractices of a witch doctor, "warlike" in terms of natione.l involvem.ent II (with 17,084) but more intense than the man has had reason to wonder what causes and int.ensity. Spanish-American War (with 1,250). the deadly quarrels that afflict his species. There were 6.2 wars in the "average" de­ With this data, a wide variety of analyses Unfortunately for the modern-day political cade, with peaks every 20 years in the volume were run on the war experience of the entire s-Oientists who study such matters, warfare of war under way at any given time. international system, its subsystems and the and its causes have become vastly more com­ Most wars begin in the spring or autumn, individual nations. Hundreds of tables w~re plex in the 20th century. In an attempt to generally April or October, but the longest compiled listing such things as the frequency, unravel part of this puzzle, a team of re­ and bloodiest wars start in the summer. seasonal and monthly distribution and rank­ searchers at the University of Michigan has Europe has been the most "war prone" ing of wars by intensity, as well as the rank­ undertaken a massive statistical study to area, having had 68 wars, as compared with ing of nations by war proneness. discover which characteristics and actions of the next highest, the Middle East, which had Having thus drawn a statistical picture of nations and men tend to lead to international 22. France and Britain fought 19 wars each, war, the Michigan group is now developing war and which to peace. followed by Turkey ( 17) , Russia ( 15) , Italy a comparable picture of the fluctuation of The "correlates of war" project, as it is (11) and Spain (9). The United States, other social, political and economic condi­ called, is be~nning to attract wide attention which did not become a world power until tions and events during these years to learn among scholars and its research team has the 20th century, fought in six wars, exclud­ which "are most regularly associated with just been awarded a $149,000 grant from the ing the one in Vietnam-the Mexican-Amer­ periods and places characterized by the high­ National Science Foundation to continue the ican, Spanish-American, second Ph111ppine est and lowest incidence" of international study for four more years. Insurrection, World War I, World War II violence. and Korea. The researchers are looking at two broad SCIENCE OF PREVENTION For the purpose of the study, these figures groups of variables in the hunt for the cor­ The study is more than just an academic merely help to provide a statistical base. relates of war and peace-"ecological" and exercise, according to its director, Dr. J. David "behavioral" variables. Singer, a political scientist at the Ann Arbor FIVE COLLABORATORS The ecological variables constitute the campus. Dr. Singer and his collaborators hope to milieu within which international confiicts He regards the project as an attempt to use such figures to "test out" statistically the develop. These are "physical, structural and help lay the foundation for an "applied sci­ various theories that traditional scholars cultural" factors such as alliances, inter­ ence of war prevention," notwithstanding the have advanced to explain the causation of national trade, membership in intergovern­ skepticism of some political theorists that war. This phase, just getting under way now, mental organizations, diplomatic bonds, such a science can ever be developed. is based on a hypothesis that to a large ex­ population, urbanization, iron and steel pro­ "We do research to get rid of sewage, re­ tent, war is the outcome of the interaction of duction and military expenditures. duce air pollution Bind build better bridges," many complex variables that can be meas­ Statistics for these and many other fac­ he said. "What makes us think we do not ured, just in the way that meteorologists at­ tors are being compiled for the entire inter­ need to understand what really causes war­ tempt to predict weather patterns by meas­ national system, for pairs or small clusters of it's clearly something more complicated than uring such factors as air flows, temperature nations and for individual states. With them, the absence of good will." and pressure. the conditions of the interna.tionru sy<>tem, or Dr. Singer concedes, however, that devel­ Collaborating with Dr. Singer are Dr. Mel­ even the relationship between specific pairs oping an "applied science of war prevention" vin Small, a historian at Wayne State Uni­ of nations at any given time, can be meas­ will be a prolonged and difficult task for social versity, and three political scientists: Dr. ured and fluctuations noted. scientists. Stuart Bremer of Michigan, Dr. Russell Leng Some preliminary tests have been run. The WATERSHED DATE of Middlebury College and Dr. Michael Wal- researchers say their initial results suggest, After seven years of work, involving an lace of the University of British Columbia. for example, that rises in alliances do seem exhaustive study of the literature on war in Their effort reflects a growing trend toward to correspond to rises in war incidents dur­ many languages, the project identified for the use of mathematics as a tool in social ing the 20th century, but not as much dur­ study and statistically described 98 mterna- science, a trend stimulated by criticism that ing the 19th. May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14525 Once the "ecological" correlates are known, aimed at tendering underdeveloped nations the Michigan group wlll turn to the "be­ All Wars Interstate Wars less technologically dependent, insofar as havioral" variables. These are the diplomatic, Nation Name won lost won lost their dependence contributes to the pos­ military and economic moves and counter­ sibillty of war, Bulgaria ___ _------______1-3 1-3 moves that nations make in the months be­ India ______(5) for research and development on prob­ 1-2 0-2 lems of underdeveloped nations, insofar as fore a shooting war breaks out. The hypothe­ Mexico ______--- 1-2 1-1 sis is that certain patterns of behavior may Peru_------___ --- ______----- 1-2 1-1 they contribute to the possibillty of war, in regularly lead to war while others lead to Salvador ______- _------1-2 1-2 such areas as food production, conservation peaceful resolution of disagreements. Ecuador ______------0-1 0-1 of mineral and wra.ter resources (including Hanover ______------0-1 0-1 These behavioral factors are much harder Hesse Electoral______0-1 0-1 desalination of sea. and brackish water), to reduce to operational terms than the Hesse Grand DucaL ______0-1 0-1 pra-Otlcal power-generating systems, and ecological ones and a special system had to Iraq ______- __ ------0-1 0-1 medicine and heal th, be devised. Each kind of act, such as the Jordan ______---- 0-1 0-1 ( 6) for research in meeting adequately the Lebanon ______- ---- __ _ 0-1 0-1 seizure of a piece of foreign territory or the Mecklenburg-Schwerin ______0-1 0-1 tenstons created by overconcentration of issuance of an ultimatum, is assigned a code Persia______------0-1 0-1 population in some areas and inadequate number. Then each time a nation commits Saxony ______0-1 0-1 population in other areas of the world, such an act it is coded and later an acts in Syria ______------0-1 0-1 (7) for research into the effect of present Bolivia ______------0-2 0-2 each category are added up. Denmark ______- __ ---- 0-2 0-2 foreign policies of the United States upon When this is done for all wars, the Michi­ Finland ______------0-2 0-2 world tensions and alternative courses or gan researchers say, it should be possible to Honduras ______- _------0-2 0-2 policies which might promote peace or tend scan the figures by computer to detect be­ Morocco ______-- ______--- 0-2 0-2 to diminish the possibility of both long­ Papal States ______0-2 0-2 havioral patterns associated with war. They U.A.R. (Egypt) ______0-2 0-2 range and short-range tensions and confilcts, point out that one mtight ask, for example, Hungary ______------0-3 0-3 and if a sequence of five threats in a row followed Turkey ______------5-11 4-6 (8) for research into long-ra.nge goals of by less than three capitulations is usually United States foreign policy which would followed by war or peace. Source: Dr. J. David Singer and Dr. Melvin Small. promote the interests of the United States Eventually, Dr. Singer hopes to compare and world peace. H.R. 585 the behavioral sequence in 50 conflicts that LABORATORY FOR PEACE led to outright war with 50 similar conflicts that did not, to determine if there are some A bill to establish the United States Agency SEC. 4. The Director of the Agency shall critical behavior patterns that tend to avoid for World Peace within the Department establish in the Agency a Laboratory for armed conflicts. of State Peace through which the Agency shall de­ While the Vietnam War is not included in Be it enacted by the Senate and House of velop and administer its research and study the study, Dr. Singer said it could fit into Representatives of the United States of programs. In carrying on such programs the his system despite the war's lll-defined char­ America in Congress assembled, Agency shall enter into contracts with edu­ caitiona.l and research institutions within the acter. He noted that it had evolved from a SHORT TITLE colonial war against the French ( 1945 to United States and abroad with a view to ob­ 1954) into a civil war until 1961, when it SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the taining the benefits of scientific and intel­ finally became an "interstate" war with the "World Peace Agency Act.'' lectual resources, wherever loca.ted in the entry of North Vietnam and later the United STATEMENT OF PtJBPOSE world. States. SEC. 2. It is the purpose of this Act to es­ POLICY FORMULATION One of the objections that has been raised tablish an independent agency within the SEC. 5. The Direclor is authorized and di­ to the study is that the nature of interna­ Department of State which will not estab­ rected to prepare for the President, the Sec­ tional relations has been radically changed lish policy but will do research on prob­ retary of State, and the heads of such other by the advent of the atomic bomb and that lems related to achieving peace, including an Government agencies, as the President may any generalized formula to predict war that exa.mlnation of the economic, political, and determine, recommendations concerning is based on the last 150 years would have sociological causes of war and the develop­ United Staites efforts for peace: Provided, little meaning in the future. ment of techniques for the elimination or however, That this Agency's powers are re­ Dr. Singer acknowledges the problem. He reduction of these causes. stricled solely to research and no action shall points out that one facet of the study focuses be ta.ken by this Agency under this or any on how and why radical changes in the inter­ CREATION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE UNITED other law thia;t will obligate the United States national system are brought on by new STATES AGENCY FOR WORLD PEACE to undertake any policy or commitment, ex­ technology, weaponry, economics and other SEC. 3. There ls hereby established within cept pursuant to the treatymaklng power of factors. the Department of State the United States the President under the Constitution or un­ Agency for World Peace (hereinafter in this less authorized further a.ftlrma.tive legislaition PERFORMANCES IN INTERNATIONAL WAR, 1816-1965 Act referred to as the "Agency"). The Agency by the Congress of the United States. shall, under the direction of the Secretary RELATIONSIDP WITH OTHER AGENCIES All Wars Interstate Wars of State, undertake programs to carry out Nation Name won lost won lost the purpose of this Act, including, among SEC. 6. The Secretary of State shall estab­ others, program.s-- lish procedures designed to insure that the England ______16-2 6-0 ( 1) for development and application of Agency wlll carry out its functions in close Russia ______13-2 8-2 collaboration with the other agencies of the France ______communications and advanced computer 14--4 9-2 techniques for analyzing the economic, polit­ Federal Government, but without duplicat­ Italy (Sardinia) ______8-3 8-2 ing the efforts of any such agency or other United States ______5-0 4-0 ical, and sociological problems of nation Brazil ______----- 3-0 2-0 states as they bear upon world tensions and agencies within the Federal Government. Japan ______------5--2 5-2 tensions among states which might possibly Such procedures shall also provide that in­ Yugoslavia (Serbia) ______4-1 4-0 result in conflict, formation available to other agencies will Ru mania ______------__ 4-1 4-1 be made available to the Agency, and shall Austria-Hungary ______5-3 3-3 (2) !or development of new analytic or­ Belgium ______--- 2-0 2-0 ganizations to- prescribe other means by which other agen­ Chile ______------2-0 2-0 (A) apply the techniques of operations re­ cies of the Government may support the Germany (Prussia) ______4-2 4-2 efforts of the Agency. Greece ______----- 4-2 4-2 search to peace problems in the same way Holland ______------____ _ 3-1 1-0 that "war gaming" ls conducted for the mlll­ DIRECTOR AND DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE AGENCY Israel_---- ______2-0 2-0 tary problems, SEC. 7. (a) The Agency shall be headed Mongolia ______2-0 2-3 (B) conduct studies on alternative meth­ Spain. ____ _------5-4 2-0 by a Director, who shall be appointed by Australia ___ ------_------1-0 1-0 ods of achieving world peace, the President by and with the advice and Canada __ ___ ------______1-0 1-0 (3) for support of studies and research on consent of the Senate, and shall receive Colombia_------______--- 1-0 1-0 projects such as- compensation at the rate of $32,000 per Czechoslovakia ______1-0 1-0 (A) legal aspects of national sovereignty New Zealand ______1-0 1-0 annum. Under the supervision and direction Nicaragua ______extended to the space domain and freedom Norway ______1-0 1-0 of the Secretary of State, the Director shall 1-0 1-0 of the seas, insofar as they contribute to the be responsible for the exercise of all powers Pakistan ______1-0 1-0 possibility of war, Paraguay ______--- __ 1-0 1-0 and the discharge of all duties of the Agency, Portugal______------1-0 1-0 (B) a.n:a.Iyses of the effects of world peace and shall have authority and control over Poland ______1-0 1-0 upon national economies, and all personnel and activities thereof. South Africa ______1-0 1-0 Baden ______(C) &nalyses of economic, political and (b) There shall be in the Agency a Deputy 1-1 1-1 sociological problems which contribute to Bavaria ______1-1 1-1 Director, who shall be appointed by the Ethiopia ______------1-1 1-1 the possib111ty of wa.r, President by and with the advice and con­ Guatemala ______Two Sicilies ______1-1 1-1 (D) a.na.J.yses of the effects of military and sent of the Senate, shall receive compen­ 1-1 1-1 economic a.id programs on the atita.lnment sation at the rate of $31,000 per annum, Wurttemberg ______-- __ _ 1-1 1-1 Argentina ••• ______1-1 0-1 and retention of world peace. shall perform such duties and exercise such China ______3--4 2--4 (4) for research on educational techniques powers as the Director may prescribe. The 14526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 Deputy Director shall act for, and exercise (b) The Director shall establish such se­ concern of Inillions of our fellow Americans the powers of, the Director during his aib­ curity and loyalty requirements, restrictions, over this prolonged eonfilct and the anguish­ sence or disablllty. and safeguards as he deems necessary in the ing questions of conscience which it has pro­ ADMINISTRATION interest of the national security end to carry voked. With them, we too search for answers out the provisions of this Act. The Director as we acknowledge the complexity of the SEC. 8. (a) In the performance of its shall arrange with the Civil Service Commis­ moral and political issues involved in the functions, the Agency shall have the follow­ sion for the conduct of full field background waging of this wair both for individual citi­ ing powers: security and loyalty investigations of all the zens and for those in public office. Yet we ( 1) To make, promulgate, issue, rescind, Agency's officers, employees, consultants, per­ must not allow. complexity to deter us from and amend rules and regulations governing sons detailed from other Government agen­ addressing ourselves, as shepherds of the the manner of its operations and the exer­ cies, members of advisory boards, contractors, flock, to this grave national crisis nor, in cise of the powers vested in it by law. and subcontractors, and their officers and em­ the Ught of our ethical tradition and teach­ (2) To appoint and fix the compensation ployees, actual or prospective. In the event ings, can we be deterred from attempting to of such officers and employees as may be the investigation discloses information in­ provide guidance for the formation of the necessary to carry out such functions. Such dicating that the person investigated may be conscience of our people. officers and employees shall be appointed in or may become a security risk, or may be of We draw from our tradition two principles accordance with the civil service laws and doubtful loyalty, the report of the investi­ for analyzing the morality of the war. The their compensation fixed in accordance with gation shall be turned over to the Federal first prohibits the direct killing of non-com­ the Classification Act of 1949. Bureau of Investigation for a full field in­ batants; the second seeks to evaluate the (3) To accept unconditional gifts or don­ vestigation. The final results of all such in­ total effect of a nation's policy even in the ations of services, money, or property, real, vestigations shall be turned over t-0 the Di­ pursuit of a just cause. This latter is known personal, or mixed, tangible or intangible. rector for final determination. No person shall as the principle of proportionality in judging (4) Without regard to section 3648 of the be permitted to enter on duty as such an the justice of war. Revised Statutes, as amended (31 U.S.C. 529), officer, employee, consultant, or member of We are painfully aware that peace ls to enter into and perform such contra.cts, advisory committee or board, or pursuant to threatened in places other than Vietnam. leases, cooperative agreements, or other any such detail, and no contractor or sub­ The scourge of war amtcts tl.e Middle East, transactions as may be necessary in the contractor, or officer or employee thereof shall Pakistan and other areas of the globe. We . conduct of its work and on such terms as it be permitted to have access to any classified are vitally concerned about these confiicts may deem approrpiate, with any agency or information, untll he shall have been inves­ and our country's relationship to them be­ instrumentality of the United States, or with tigated in accordance with this subsection cause they too threaten or destroy the peace any State, territory, or possession, or with and the report of such investigations made which ls a precondition of human develop­ any political subdivision thereof, or with any to the Director, and the Director shall have ment. person, firm, association, corporation, or determined that such person is not a security Yet Vietnam ls our specific concern in this educational institution. To the maximum risk or of doubtful loyalty. Standards appli­ letter because our nation is more directly in­ extent practicable and consistent with the cable with respect to the security clearance of accomplishment of the purpose of this Act, volved in the Inda-China confiict. To be sure, persons within any category referred to in we are not the only party wreaking devasta­ such contracts, leases, agreements, and other this subsection shall not be less stringent, transactions shall be allocated by the Director tion in Vietnam. Our adversaries bear sub­ and the investigation of such persons for stantial responsiblllty for the death and de­ in a manner which will enable small business such purposes shall not be less intensive or concerns to participate equitably and pro­ struction visited on South-East Asia. If we complete, than in the case of such clearance concentrate on American policy in this letter, portionately in the conduct of the work of of persons in a cOJ.'ll'esponding category under the Agency. it ls not because we are oblivious to the well the security procedures of the Government known wanton and immoral disregard for in­ ( 5) To use, with their consent, the services, agency or agencies having the highest se­ equipment, personnel, and facilities of Fed­ nocent lives and prisoners of war shown by curity restrictions with respect to persons in the other side. Obviously, we cannot allow eral and other agencies with or without such category. reimbursement, and on a similar basis to their actions to become tthe norm by which cooperate with other public and private agen­ we judge the morality of our own. cies and instrumentalities in the use of Our primary moral concern in the matter services, equipment, and faclllties. Each de­ at hand, as Bishops, ls for the consequences partment and agency of the Federal Govern­ BISHOPS URGE "MOST RAPID TER­ of American policy in Vietnam. We do not ment shall cooperate fully with the Agency MINATION'' OF VIETNAM. WAR question the sincerity of the motives of our in making its services, equipment, personnel, elected officials, but if the evidence we see and fac11ities available to the agency, and and hear ls accurate, we are constrained by any such department or agency ls authorized, conscience to question the wisdom and mor­ HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN allty of at least some aspects of our policy. notwithstanding any other provision of law, · OF MASSACHUSE'ITS to transfer to or to receive from the Agency, I. NON-COMBATANT IMMUNITY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES without reimbursement, supplies and equip­ It is the means of our policy, its strategy ment other than administrative supplies or Monday, May 10, 1971 and tactics, which primarily concern us ln equipment. this letter. These means includes the use of (6) To appoint such advisory committees Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, a most sig­ massive conventional air power pursued in as may be appropriate for purposes of con­ nificant document was issued on May 7, conjunction with the declaration of "free sultation and advice to the Agency in the 1971, by all of the Catholic Bishops of zones" which has resulted in the thousands performance of its functions. northern New England. of clvman casualties reported in the press (7) To establish within the Agency such This unusually forceful statement and through the testimony of certain gov­ offices and procedures as may be appropriate signed by the 14 Catholic Bishops of ernment officials. On the ground, similar to provide for the greatest pos.sible coordi­ tragedies have resulted from practices of nation of its activities under this Act with Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, search and destroy, and from harassment related activities being carried on by other and Vermont points out that the policies and interdiction fire, which in spite of public and private agencies and organiza­ pursued by the United Stat.es in Indo­ laudable intentions to limit clvlllan casual­ ticms. chinr.. have caused countless civilian ties have nevertheless brought injury and (8) When determined by the Director to deaths and that as a result "We must death to many thousands of innocent vic­ be necessary, and subject to such security sadlly but resolutely affirm that they tims and untold suffering to millions of re­ investigations as he may determine to be fugees in Indo-China. appropriate, to employ aliens without regard (these policies) violat.e the prlnclple of civilian immunity from direct and in­ If these policies have in fact caused the to statutory provisions prohibiting payment civllian deaths reported, then we must sadly of compensation to aliens. discriminate attack and therefore merit but resolutely am.rm that they violate the INFORMATION AND SECURITY the severest moral censure." principle of civlllan immunity from direct The complete text of this pastoral let­ SEC. 9. (a) In order to promote the free and lndlscrlmlnate attack and therefore ft.ow and exchange of new ideas and concepts ter follows: merit the severest moral censure. in the new technology of peace research and [From the Pilot (Boston, Mass.) May 8, 1971) II. VIETNAMIZATION development, the Agency shall, so far as pos­ BISHOPS URGE "MOST RAPID TERMINATION" 011' We are also extrem.ely apprehensive from sible, have all research efforts o! the Agency - VIETNAM WAR performed in subject matter not requiring a moral viewpoint about the announced classification for security purposes. Nothing (This ls the complete text of a pastoral policy of Vletnamization. Will it bring peace in this Act shall be deemed to change or letter issued by the 08.tholic Bishops of the to Vietnam? Does it mean a decreasing role modify security procedures or to exempt Boston Province on Friday, May 7.) for American combat forces, but an increas­ personnel of the Agency from being required Dearly Beloved in Christ: One of the cen­ ing mechanization of the war through the to obtain security clearance before obtaining tral moral problems facing our Nation today use of American technology and tactical air classified information. is the war in Vietnam. We share the deep support? The policy to continue the speedy May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14527 withdrawal of our troops we eagerly en­ have a moral and political obligation to pro­ Most Reverend James J. Gerrard, Auxiliary courage and com.mend. But the possibility of tect those who have been our friends and Bishop of Fall River. increased mechanization of the war is all1es from savage reprisals. We recognize that Most Reverend Thomas J. Riley, Auxiliary fraught with troubling moral consequences. the setting of an exact date for the with­ Bishop of Boston. It is precisely this form of American involve­ drawal of all our forces ls a complex diplo­ Most Reverend Timothy J. Harrington, ment which has apparently resulted in the matic and strategic issue. Nevertheless, we Auxiliary Bishop of Worcester. already great number of civilian casualties urge that the most rapid possible termina­ Most Reverend Edward C. O'Leary, Auxili­ and refugees. tion of the war and the establishment of ary Bishop of Portland. We are, therefore, greatly disturbed. by the peace in Vietnam be given the highest prior­ Most Reverend James L. Connolly, Retired announced proposal to place no limits .:in ity by our government. Bishop of Fall River. the use of our air power in the Vietnamiza­ IV. PROBING QUESTIONS tion program, with the sole exception of the The main theme of this letter has been the employment of nuclear weapons. The de­ moral responsibllity we bear as a people in clining number of our American casualties, the face of the Vietnam war. We have tried SHOULD WE SACRIFICE LAW which wlll come with withdrawal of our to raise questions, and indicate principles FOR ORDER? combat forces, may easily dull our moral which would help ourselves and others think sensibility to the tragedy of intensified hu­ through our personal responsibi11ty as citi­ man and material destruction in a far ofr zens, soldiers or public officials in this con­ HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL land. We commend the diligent persistent filct. OF NEW YORK efforts to save American lives, but we must A people cannot be responsible for the ac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in conscience criticize the ethical validity of tions of individual soldiers, but in a demo­ any doctrine, attitude or policy which seems cracy the people must ultimately accept pol­ Monday, May 10, 1971 to give American lives an intrinsic superi­ itical and moral responsibillty for the poli­ ority over those of other people. Every human cies and actions of their government. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, com­ life, regardless of nationality, color or We cannot disregard the principle of per­ passionate people everywhere were ap­ ideology is sacred and its defense and pro­ sonal responsib111ty and thereby approve and palled by the tragic illogic of an Amer­ tection must be of deep concern to us. For allow in war actions which we would con­ ican military commander in Southeast these reasons, therefore, moral responsibility demn ln peace time. Asia who ordered his troops to destroy a demands from us that we appraise both the The moral questions which emerge from South Vietnamese village in order to goals of Vietnamization and the means we the war should also make us conscious of the use to achieve them. save it. broader question of the moral climate of our That myopic thinking has reared its Ill. PROPORTIONALITY nation. Are not the moral ravages brought to ugly head once more. This time Three years ago, we joined the Bishops of light by our policy in Vietnam traceable ln the United States in the publication of a part at least to a disregard of the principles the scene was not Vietnam but Wash­ collective pastoral letter, on hwnan Ute. At of morality in other areas of our private and ington, D.C., where administration om­ that time, we addressed. ourselves to the public lives? The moral questioning provoked cials ordered police to violate the consti­ Vietnam War and its justiftcation from the by the war must not be confined to this is­ tutional rights of thousands of citizens viewpoint of the moral principle of propor­ sue; lt must extend to the analysis of the in order to "save" the orderly operation tionality in the following words: very fa.bric of our lives as a people. of Government. "In assessing our country's involvement Are we truly for peace? The building of a Early last week we witnessed the in Vietnam, we must ask: have we already peaceful world society ls the work o! justice and the duty of every man. It begins with wholesale arrest and illegal detention of reached, or passed, the point where the prin­ in ciple or proportionality becomes decisive? ourselves and the acknowledgement that all thousands of persons an effort to re­ How much more of our resources of men and men are truly brothers, children of a com­ move a tiny handful of actual lawbreak­ money should we commit to this struggle, mon Father. It grows with the conviction ers. On Wednesday, hundreds of persons assuming an acceptable cause and intention? that men can live in peace and that the evil were arrested on the steps of the U.S. Has the confilct in Vietnam provoked inhu­ of war ls not inevitable. It can be fostered Capitol. Persons were being dragged in­ man dimensions of suffering?" (On Hwnan and promoted by education in spiritual and literally-not because they were breaking Life, United. States Bishops' Statement, moral values and by group cooperation. Are any laws but because they were an in­ 1968). we ready for the difficult task of personal convenience and an embarassing re­ The passage of three years has given re­ moral renewal necessary for peace every­ newed emphasis to this principle of propor­ where? minder of the divisions this war has cre­ tionality and deepened our doubts about the Peace can most confidently be hoped for ated among the American people. justice of further prosecuting this war. In and won by a people who sincerely strive for It is most disconcerting that the Presi­ Inda-China, the ravages of the war with its it, a people who first are at peace with God. dent of the United States and his Attor­ political, economic and strategic consequ­ mtlmately, peace ls a gift from God to "men ney General, both experienced lawyers, ences have now been expanded into Laos and of good will". (cf. Luke 2:14) "Peace I be­ would show such utter contempt for the Cambodia, with continuing incursions into queath to you, my own peace I give you, a principles of law they are sworn to up­ the North through periodic bombing mis­ peace the world cannot give, this is my gift hold, just so they could effectuate their sions. Recent studies of scientists made pub­ to you." (John 14:17) lic within the past year testify to the efrect Our Risen Savior's message of peace is very authoritarian concept of order. our policies have had on the destruction of much before us. In union with Him, and It is impossible to preserve and protect crops and the long-term disruption of the with Mary, the Mother of the Church and civil liberties for all Americans by sus­ ecological balance in Vietnam. The effect of Queen of Peace, we ask you to join us in fer­ pending them for some Americans. It is a crop destruction again falls most heavily on vent and persevering prayer: "Father, you contradiction in terms. These freedoms the civ1llan population. have told us that peacemakers shall be called are too precious, too delicate, too hard The effects of the prolongation of this war your sons; help us, then, to work tirelessly won to be so treated. at home are also of grave consequence and for that justice which alone can bring true and lasting peace." For the 10,000 or so persons swept off concern. We speak not only of the tragedy the streets last week, to have been treated which has come into the lives of those loved Most Reverend Humberto S. Medeiros, ones who have been killed, maimed, or im­ Archbishop of Boston. like common criminals would have been prisoned, but also of the deep div1s.1ons, tur­ Most Rev. Joseph Tawil, D.D., Melkite a considerable improvement. moil and confusion which this war has pro­ Apostolic Exarchate. I personally visited the makeshift voked throughout our land. We speak too of Most Reverend Christopher J. Weldon, stockade and witnessed the conditions of the grave problems of conscience which it Bishop of Springfield. their confinement-they were woefully presents for sincere ,men and women 8llld es­ Most Reverend Bernard J. Flanagan, lacking shelter, sanitary facillties, medi­ pecially for so many of our youth. Americans Bishop of Worcester. cal treatment, and food-in fact, I saw have turned against Americans to a degree Most Reverend Robert F. Joyce, Bishop one person who tried giving food to those seldom witnessed in our history as a nation. of Burlington. Too many billions of dollars which might Most Reverend Ernest J. Primeau, Bishop confined actually arrested and thrown have been used. to relieve poverty and pro­ or Manchester. inside himself. mote domestic programs of social needs have Most Reverend Peter L. Gerety, Bishop of This cannot be allowed to happen already been allotted to this war. Portland. again. We cannot afford repeat perform­ We realize the dlftlculties involved tn Most Reverend Daniel A. Cronin, Bishop of ances of last week's tragic suspension of establishing the conditions for an orderly Fall River. constitutional law. withdrawal of our mllltary forces and for a Most Reverend Jeremiah F. Minihan, Aux­ Congressman Bou ECKHARDT, of Texas, peaceful polltlcal settlement tn Vietnam. We iliary Bishop of Boston. speaking Ia.st week for himself and a 14528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 group of our colleagues, issued a par­ None of these extenuating circumstances This socially progressive country had be­ ticularly cogent statement following the applied to what took place on the Capitol come a factor of peace and equilibrium mass arrests on the Capitol steps, and I steps on Wednesday afternoon. The protest­ ers were sometimes shouting, singing and in the southeast of Europe. would like to have it printed in the REC­ gesturing, but their assembly was entirely Thus, it is clear that there is good ORD at this point along with an editorial peaceful. Even larger crowds often gather on reason for Rumanians to cherish and from the New York Times on "Repression the same site Without difficulty. It is a Con­ revere the 10th of May as their national on Capitol Hill": stitutional right of every American to as­ holiday, the anniversary of the happy STATEMENT BY HON. BOB EcKHARDT OF TEXAS semble peacefully and to petition members and glorious events in their history. It No matter what restraint may be exer­ of Congress. Yet the pollce, after giving a remains the symbol of their determina­ cised in the process, the deliberate use of warning to disperse that was inaudible, be­ gan arresting these citizens. Both houses had tion and perseverence to reach the ulti­ strategy or tactics in the exercise of police mate end of freedom and well being. power which trades off considerations of in­ already adjourned for the day and the Capi­ dividual guilt or innocence for efficiency in tol building had been closed except to mem­ The ruthless foreign rule which now skimming off a sufficient number of members bers and employes before the arrests began, oppresses the Rumanian nation has not of an assemblage to make it more control­ while sympathetic Congressmen were actu­ been able to uproot the people's attach­ ally addressing the crowd when the police ment to the traditional celebration of the lable can never be condoned in a just and moved in. democratic society. 10th of May, and I am happy to join with However embattled, our society is not so The most profoundly disturbing part of my colleagues in marking this occasion. strained as to justify throwing aside consti­ this entire debacle is the response of most tutional rights and due process. But if a so­ members of Congress. It 1s no surprise tha.t such reactionaries as Representative Joe ciety may be said to have so alienated a Waggonner of Louisiana and John Hunt of sufficiently large number of its members to New Jersey applaud this police depredation, ACTION NEEDED NOW make it necessary to abandon or ::;hort cut but even members who can be expected to due process, it had better look to the cause of know better such as Representative Edith the alienation and ameliorate the conditions Green of Oregon blithely dismiss the matter which bring it about rather than to alter its because they disapprove of the manner and HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON fundamental character of justice of democ­ style of those arrested. Is this nation to OF CALIFORNIA racy. have one Bill of Rights for the "crazies" and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We believe the Justice Department has another for the respectable people? directed a strategy and tactic of martial law Monday, May 10, 1971 in response to the demonstrations of this The Justice Department, which has been closely supervising Washington police tac­ Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. week at a time when civil police action, with tics, shares responsibillty for this outrage. its respect for the concept of personal guilt But when Congress does not defend consti­ Speaker, as this Nation approaches the or innocence could have worked and, under tutional liberty on its own front steps, it summer season, we hear more and more our Constitution and laws, must be applied. cannot shift the ultimate blame to the Exec­ a.bout the potential for "brownouts" dw·­ Our system envisages some over-stepping utive. Wednesday was a day of shame for ing the months ahead. of authority by the police and that is the this nation's representative institutions. reason for the criminal courts. But there is no These, of course, have been and will justification for a continuing and deliberate continue to be caused by an inadequate shunting past the constitutional rights of supply of electrical energy. I was inter­ the accused-which is what the Attorney ested to note the indication of progress in General is doing now. RUMANIA'S INDEPENDENCE DAY meeting this deficiency as is reflected in We may understand the conduct of a po­ an excellent editorial published in the liceman, harried by the crowd, wh.en he some­ three newspapers of the McClatchy press times arrests one who is innocent. But we cannot condone the Attorney General's policy HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI in California. of mass arrest and his keeping more than a OF NEW YORK So that my colleagues could share in thousand persons i:::i custody for more than 18 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the thinking of these excellent news­ hours without bringing them before a magis­ Monday, May 10, 1971 papers serving much of interior Cali­ trate, charging them and permitting ball. f orni·a, I would request leave to insert The innocent and the guilty alike are herded Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, today, the at this point the editorial published in together in a place worse than a common 10th of May, marks the anniversary of the Sacramento, Modesto, and Fresno jail and are thus commonly punished for an three great events in the history of the Bees on April 20, 1971, entitled "Nixon offense that can be proved against but a Rumanian people. small number of them. Gives Hopeful Signs He Sees Need for We demand that the Attorney General put On May 10, 1866, Charles, Prince of Action in Electric Crisis." an end to this condition of de facto martial Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a scion of The editorial follows: law and restore respect and adherence to the Southern and Catholic branch of NIXON GIVES HOPEFUL SIGNS HE SEES NEED due process of law in the Nation's Capital. the Prussian royal family, was proclaimed FOR ACTION IN ELECTRIC CRISIS in Bucharest as Prince of Rumania, and [From the New York Times, May 8, 1971] There are hopeful signs the Nixon ad­ thus founded the Rumanian dynasty. ministration is facing up to the problem that REPRESSION ON CAPITOL Hn.L This was the successful outcome of the United States presently has an electric The arrest of more than a thousand per­ the nation's long struggle to acquire the power shortage and that this will continue sons on the steps of the Capitol on Wednes­ right of electing as its sovereign a mem­ to get worse unless an all-out effort ls made day brought the week's antiwar protests to ber of one of the Western non-neighbor­ to correct the situation. an ominous climax. In a crass display of ing reigning famii}ies in order to put an The President's concern ls evidenced by a arbitrary power, the Constitutional rights of full-fledged Cabinet meeting to review the these citizens were ignored as they were end to the strifes and rivalries among action which may be taken to assure that hauled off to a makeshift detention center. native candidates to the throne. industries and homes have electricity when It was a spectacle of lawlessness and re­ Eleven years later, on May 10, 1877, it is needed. pression hardly to be expected in a republlc the Principality of Rumania proclaimed Participating in the session were members of free men. her independence by severing the old of the Joint Congressional Oommittee on The mass arrests earlier in the week were and outdated bonds that linked her with Atomic Energy; Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, chair­ questionable because the Washington police man of the Atomic Energy Commission, and suspended the use of normal arrest forms the Ottoman Empire. This came during the turmoil of the Russo-Turkish War. George A. Lincoln, director of the Office of and simply swept up thousands of citizens in Emergency Preparedness. a dragnet operation. Inevitably, innocent per­ The Principality of Rumania, until that time, was nominally a vassal of the Sul­ Particular stress was placed on the possi­ sons who were merely walking to work were b111ty of the use of nuclear power to take seized by mistake. But since the demonstra­ tan. tors had publicly avowed that they intended care of the sorely needed supply of electricity. Four years later on May 10, 1881, The answer to the electricity shortage is to disrupt traftlc, block access to Federal of­ Charles I was crowned by the will of his fices and "shut down the Government," the not as some ecologists maintain in cutting police had a diftlcult assignment in keeping people. The country embarked on a pro­ back on its use. Industry in an industrial the streets open and maintaining public or­ sperous era which lasted over six de­ society is too dependent upon its use to keep der. The police were constantly confronted cades, its apex being attained when na­ the wheels turning. with the fact that the potential for violence tional unity within the historic boun­ Nor will the American people accept going WM there. daries was reached after World War I. back literally into the dark ages, turning out May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14529 the lights and burning candles, abandoning tion to the regular and extended compensa­ be used With these "minimum" amendments: the vacuum cleaner, the electric washing tion, is of considerable importance to Afaska. (1) The insured unemployment rate of machine, air conditioning and other elec­ In light of the following remarks, we re­ "6 per centum" substituted in place of 4.5 trical conveniences which have made life quest that ycu review H.R. 6186. per centum in subparagraphs (1) and (2) of far more pleasant and less burdensome for The inherent seasonal nature of the Alaska subsection (d); everyone, especially the housewife. economy has, for many years, caused Alaska (2) "160 per centum" substituted in place The answer would seem to be the full to suffer from the highest unemployment of of 120 per centum in subparagraph 1 (A) development of the remaining hydroelectric any state in the nation. In the last decade, of subsection ( e) ; power sites as an important step. Such plants as many as one out of every three unemploy­ (3) "5.5 per centum" substituted in place cause no pollution. ment compensation claimants exhausted his of 4 per centum in subparagraph 1 (B) o! As these potential plants cannot assure the benefit entitlement. Since 1966, when the subsection (e). needed capacity, a program should be pushed maximum number of weeks a claimant could These amendments would assure that the vigorously for atomic plants, giving thor­ draw unemployment compensation was in­ payment of emergency compensation would ough study as to their location and opera­ creased from 26 to 28, at least one out of be tied to severe unemployment and tion so there will be no harmful effects on every five claimants exhausted his entitle­ triggered by national or state economic con­ the environment. ment. Indeed, when unemployment reaches ditions. We would also recommend that a Competent scientists say this can be done. such levels, as it has nationwide, it becomes state program be triggered "on" if either the The need for more electricity has been a major social concern and, likewise, major conditions in 1 (A) or 1 (B) Of subsection (e) stressed by John A. Carver Jr., a member of steps must be taken to alleviate the economic were experienced. This could be provided by the Federal Power Commission. hardships of those affected and to restrength­ deleting the last word in 1 (A) which is Referring to 19 voltage cutbacks from en the nation's first "line of defense" against "AND" and substituting "OR." This would Chicago to New England, Carver said: a downhill "snowballing" economy. allow a state suoh as New Hampshire to "I don't see any respite in our near future. The Administration and Congress recog­ participate, which experiences relatively low The problem is that demand for electric nized the need for an immediate econoinlc unemployment when compared to other power doubles every 10 years With the per front to stifle runaway unemployment states, but considerably high unemployment capita demand growing five times faster through the economically sensitive Federal­ Within the state, which directly reflects than the population-much faster than the State Extended Compensation Program en­ potentially severe statewide economic condi­ utilities capacity to produce it." acted with the "Employment Security tions. The situation calls for action and action Amendments of 1970." However, such a pro­ The latter trigger provisions should be in­ now. gram will not do enough when the level of corporated into H.R. 6186 to provide for unemployment is significantly higher than emergency compensation only after the ex­ the minimum level at which it is recognized tended duration benefits are exhausted. UNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE as being severe. It is at this level that one As we noted, these would be considered PROBLEMS IN ALASKA must differentiate the long-term unemploy­ the "minimum" amendments to section 203 ment resulting from local economic condi­ of P.L. 91-373. We recommend further tions from the extended long-term unemploy­ amendments be made to make the extended HON. NICK BEGICH ment which is caused by nationwide reces­ compensation trigger provisions of PL. 91- sional conditions. 373 economically responsive rto high unem­ OF ALASKA Alaska, as many other states, is currently ployment conditions. For example, under the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES experiencing such severe unemployment. The present trigger provisions if gradually in­ Tuesday, May 11, 1971 insured unemployment rate rose from an creasing unemployment is experienced three eighteen year low of 6.8 percent in 1969 to years in a row, the program would not trig­ Mr. BEGICH. Mr. Speaker, I have fol­ an estimated seven year high of 8.3 percent ger "on" for any period in the third year; lowed with great interest the efforts of in 1970 (the highest since 1963). It ls not ( 1) because the trigger "on" is computed my distinguished colleague from Rhode expected to decline below 8.0 percent in 1971 based on weeks claimed experience of 120 Island, the Honorable FERNAND ST GER­ unless oil-related construction begins. percent abore the previous two years and MAIN, to provide essential Federal aid to The rural areas of Alaska receive the most (2) if an extended benefit period were in crushing blows from the adverse forces which effect in any one of those two years, the the sagging State unemployment assist­ accompany nationwide recessional condi­ extended benefit claims used in the base for ance programs. His bill, H.R. 6186, is a tions, as econoinlc stimulation is usually con­ the computation would cause the program fine effort to alleviate this problem on an centrated in urban areas of the state where not to trigger "on" in the third year unless emergency basis. a recession's momentum is the most destruc­ worse economic conditions are experienced. Recently, I received a letter from tive w- the state's economy as a whole. While This would mean, in Alaska, if the same Alaska Commissioner of Labor Henry Alaska was experiencing its best econoinlc high unemployment pattern in 1970 is ex­ Benson which confirmed my support for conditions of the decade in 1969, one out of perienced in 1971 and 1972, weeks claimed in every three rural claimants exhausted h1s 1972 could be less tha.n 120 percent of the this legislation, and pointed out the spe­ unemployment compensation entitlement. previous two years yet the 13-week insured cific and more serious nature of this Of those rural claim.ants formerly employed unemployment rate in 1972 could be as high same problem in Alaska. The letter sug­ in the service industry, almost one out of or higher than the same 13-week period in gests alterations in the legislation which two exhausted h1s entitlement. the previous two years, causing the program I will certainly support, but more im­ Even more disturbing is the low earnings not to be triggered in the year when unem­ portantly, it eloquently sets forth the of the rural claimant. One out of every four ployment is highest and extended compensa­ characteristics of the unemployment earns less than $3000.00 Compared to the tion is needed most. problem in Alaska. As I believe you will am.ount of benefits a rural worker earns, it is These amendments would not jeopardize clearly evident the regular or extended bene­ Alaska's oo- Rhode Island's participation see, Alaska very likely has the most seri­ fits Will not cover his weekly nondeferrable under the current provisions of H.R. 6186 ous problem in the Nation. I believe the expenses. Related to the large number of but would assure an on-going program of ex­ ideas of Commissioner Benson should be ·rural claimants who exhaust benefits even tended and emergency compensation reason­ of interest here. At the conclusion of the in good times, it is clearly recognized that ably responsive to the severity of the eco­ letter, I have included the comparative an expanded program beyond the scope of nomic conditions. table relating to unemployment insur­ the present extended compensation program For reference, we have enclosed the Alaska ance in all States which Mr. Benson is seriously needed now to reinforce the na­ Unemployment Insurance Financfal Hand­ tion's first line of defense against eroding book. The supportive data above was taken mentions in his letter. econom.ic conditions. from tables 2 and 3 of Part II which contains The letter and table are as follows: Since the emergency compensation would significant fina.ncial comparisons of Alaska STATE OF ALASKA, terminate on June 30, 1972, we might suggest a.nd other states and tables 84-96 of Part VII DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, amendments to the bill to provide for an on­ which contain characteristics of claim.ants Juneau, Alaska, April 22, 1971. going emergency compensation program by exhausting their Alaska unemployment com­ Hon. NICK BEGICH, striking the termination date. In addition, pensation entitlement. In addition, we have Congressman for Alaska, U.S. House of Rep­ we recommend adding a new section which enclosed Title II of P.L. 91-373, "Federal­ resentatives, Washington, D.O. would restrict the on-going emergency com­ State Extended Unemployment Compensa­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN BEGICH: House Resolu­ pensation to times when the economic condi­ tion Program." t,ion 6186, recent.Iy introduced by Rhode Is­ t.ions refiect the need for such emergency I am also sending this Iet~r to Senarors land Representative Fernand J. St Germain measures. With regard to the triggering "on" Gravel and Stevens. If I can provide rurther and cosponsored by Representative Robert and "off" of the emergency program, we information, I shall be pleased to do so. 0. Tiernan, providing for 26 weeks of emer­ would recommend that language similar to Sincerely, gency unem.ployznent compensation tn addi- that in section 203(d) and (e) of P.L. 91-373 HENRY A. BENSON, Commission. 14530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971

TABLE 2.--HANDBOOK OF UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FINANCIAL DATA 1969

Financial data (in thousands) Employment and wage data Wages in cove red employ­ Average ment during year Interest Reserve monthly (amount in thousands) Ratio of wages Contributions credited to Benefit as of covered taxable State collected trust fund disbursements December 31 employment Total Taxable to total

United States 1 ______$2, 545, 021 $536, 202 $2, 127, 877 $12, 637, 530 52, 363, 980 $366, 939, 936 $181, 913, 033 0. 496 Alabama 1_. -- ---•. --.••. --·------· ------·--- 26, 969 5, 627 19, 630 133, 733 703, 631 4, 163, 762 2, 216, 063 • 532 Alaska 1__ • ______•• __ . . __.• •. ------. ------·-·--- 13, 990 1, 045 7, 647 28, 652 52, 621 565, 024 409, 486 • 725 Arizona . ______--- - ______------.. --...... ----.... ------. 20, 289 4, 434 8, 013 108, 406 370, 052 2, 489, 310 1, 396, 119 . 561 Arkansas .• _____ .•. ______. ------.. ------• 15, 541 2, 188 12, 984 52, 744 397, 724 2, 048, 963 1, 246, 007 . 608 California ...••. __ __ --·· ______•.• ______•. __ _ 533, 122 54, 070 416, 838 1, 304, 868 5, 266, 907 40,378,623 21, 273, 544 . 527 Colorado. ______-·- --.. ---- __ -- --. --- __ -- _.•• _.• 8, 164 3, 441 6, 933 80, 820 488, 287 3,204, 739 1, 593, 389 . 497 Connecticut. . •. ______._ -- -- __ ----.... ------· ·-·- 65, 814 13, 143 65, 560 304, 677 966, 006 7, 539, 542 3, 583, 582 . 475 Delaware . .. ______. ______. __ ___ -- . . ------•..•. 5, 134 1, 062 6, 485 24, 202 166, 570 1, 231 , 715 604, 775 . 491 District of Columbia ..• __ ------______------______--- __ _ 7, 095 3, 306 8, 447 75, 843 298, 705 2, 156, 208 968, 810 .449 Aorida . • ----·------··----- 31, 281 10, 903 20, 659 256, 341 1, 469, 183 9, 364, 162 4, 825, 478 . 515 39,682 13, 394 14, 560 321, 210 1, 111, 726 6, 737, 266 3, 566, 021 • 529 14, 175 1, 714 7, 232 43, 561 203, 897 1, 311, 654 881 , 313 .672 ~:~:ll·Idaho . _-_____--~ ~ === ----======.. ____ ======--.. -- --== =--= -==== ------== === -- ===-- -=-= -== - --== --===--=-== · --== ••=====•. - 8, 409 l , 870 6, 965 44, 812 140, 482 817,926 503, 591 .616 Illinois. ______.• ______• .. ______••• _. ______45,294 22, 317 89, 415 499, 741 3, 246,492 24, 906, 153 10, 742, 859 . 431 Indiana .•.•. _. ______-·- __ ___ ----... ------______Iowa .••. ______52, 335 13, 461 25, 058 324, 137 1, 431, 266 10, 279, 616 4, 666, 039 .454 13, 395 5, 799 16, 839 133, 909 581, 108 3, 686,676 1, 775, 085 .481 Kansas . .• ______. . --.. ------17, 138 4, 227 14, 926 99, 445 440, 227 2, 705, 310 1, 362, 273 .504 27, 036 7,288 21, 181 172, 934 618, 366 3, 854, 337 1, 986, 623 • 515 31, 321 7, 218 41, 597 163, 277 729, 933 4, 795, 558 2,386,488 .498 Maine~:~~~'Z ••..= ==__=______======--- = = =_ =_ =___ = = =-- = -== - =----= = = =--==--- = = -= =- =-- == - =--= ==- - =-=- =-- = =- =- -== . =---= = =---.= = = 9, 858 1, 949 11, 962 44, 510 224, 225 1, 275, 321 704, 794 • 553 21, 554 10, 033 28, 668 229, 528 934, 456 6, 067, 298 2, 927, 529 .483 117, 694 17, 310 98, 796 412, 531 1, 730, 324 11, 538, 509 6,333, 044 .549 Michigan.~:~~~~sett!_· ______:======__ __ .• ______-·-- ___ _.•• 130, 974 26, 882 111 , 588 630, 253 2, 418, 931 20, 016, 793 9, 278, 284 .464 45, 779 4, 607 23, 173 120, 334 945, 126 6, 409, 560 3, 966, 751 . 619 7,308 3, 713 8, 361 85, 787 385,086 2, 051, 248 1, 212, 915 . 591 ~!Fs~~rl~~~ = =~ ~ : :: :: ~= ~~: ~ ~= ~~ : ~ ~~ ~ ~:: ~ : :: ~~ ~ ::: :: :: :: ::~: ::::: 35, 498 12, 442 39, 053 286, 736 1, 203, 717 8, 214, 186 3, 821, 001 .465 Montana . _____ ------___ --·------. ------·---•••. •.••••• 6,242 1, 071 5, 447 25, 657 124, 732 729, 072 396,052 .543 Nebraska ..••.. __.. . •....•. --...... __ --...... •• --. • __. _•. __ ••. 7,240 2, 366 6, 033 55, 852 300, 881 1, 798, 486 925, 466 • 515 Nevada. ______------___ _•• ___ _-· - --- ______- - ·-. 12, 194 1, 550 8, 134 38, 196 153,884 1, 104, 169 652,924 • 591 New Hamsphire .. ______. ______--· ··- -· 6, 689 2, 252 2, 743 53, 811 190, 903 l, 138, 436 602, 332 .529 New Jersey _____ .. ____ . --... ----. --. -----. ------. ---- ______1170, 848 2Q, 403 161, 662 482, 698 2, 025, 694 16, 152, 190 7, 565, 653 .468 New Mexico . ____.. _____ ..... ____ ------.------.. __ ----- 6, 932 1, 818 6, 122 42, 414 184, 204 1, 085, 254 578, 841 .533 New York. ____ . .... ______------__ ------. --. ------. 327, 860 77, 219 308, 684 1, 798, 812 5, 507, 236 43, 175, 121 18, 708, 657 .433 North Carolina. ______51, 125 16, 488 23, 533 394, 861 1, 329, 040 7, 359, 670 4, 180, 006 . 568 North Dakota . __ _. ------.. __ . __ ------... ------______5, 168 416 3, 796 11, 066 81, 234 451, 548 258, 108 .572 Ohio •... --. ------84, 976 29, 928 60, 257 702, 599 2, 966, 489 22, 549, 999 9, 721, 772 .431 Oklahoma.·------... ---- -. ------.. ----. 10, 808 2,649 11, 546 60, 984 485, 142 3, 033, 132 1, 547, 263 . 510 Oregon . ••. _____ .------____ ---- ______--- ______28, 965 5, 904 27, 960 136, 636 516, 941 3, 464, 852 1, 924, 273 .555 Pennsylvania.------______------.----_------______------167, 213 36, 282 118, 700 863, 846 3, 418, 362 23, 291, 597 12, 123, 982 • 521 Puerto Rico ______.------__ ------28, 850 3, 632 26, 049 85, 984 383, 115 1, 514, 954 1, 081, 878 . 714 Rhode Island. __ -·-- ___ .. ------__ -----_.. ------· - ---- 19, 334 3, 605 17, 835 84, 770 263, 879 1, 622, 470 944, 250 . 582 South Carolina. _-·--_. ___ . _-- .. ---- __. ___ • ___ __. ... . _____·-· -·-· 25, 045 6, 627 13,960 158,354 613, 942 3, 379,463 1, 907, 987 .565 South Dakota. ___--- - ______--· - . 1, 987 835 3, 784 19,606 93,533 492,428 274, 541 . 558 Tennessee . . •• ------__ -- --._ ...... ------.. ------. 45, 490 8, 620 30, 713 207,205 959,800 5, 640,986 3, 222, 222 .571 Texas . • _- -- . ------­ 27, 147 15, 533 29, 153 357,543 2, 571, 470 16, 630, 917 8, 330, 451 • 501 Utah .. ------.••.• : .• ------­ 11, 761 2, 071 9, 907 49, 054 222, 915 1, 309, 063 812, 577 .621 Vermont. . .•• __-- • _- - __ ------... _.. ------. .. _------6,504 1, 082 4,403 26, 433 102, 491 640, 903 372, 066 .581 Virginia. ___ _-- -- . ___ ------. . ------.. ------14, 207 9, 057 9, 077 212, 390 996,306 5, 903,893 3, 114, 648 .528 Washington ______. ______------. ---. . ---- ____ . ------49, 749 14, 609 'i2, 040 333, 440 828, 661 6, 178, 555 2, 816, 428 .456 West Virginia ••• __ __ .------.... -- -- . . ------19, 418 4, 189 12, 181 101, 551 357,047 2, 427, 182 l, 317, 085 .543 Wisconsin. __ • ___.• ------. _------__ -----· ·-. 61, 618 13, 808 39, 809 332, 811 1, 088, 615 7, 636, 157 4, 047, 394 .530 Wyoming ______• ------·--- 2,802 745 1, 780 17, 964 72, 411 419, 980 254, 314 . 606

1 Includes contributions and penalties from employers and contributions from employees in States which tax workers.

TABLE 2A.--HANDBOOK OF UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FINANCIAL DATA (1969 benefit and claims data)

Claimants exhausting benefits Insured unemployed Weeks Average duration (in weeks) compensated Percent Percent Taxable 1st payments for all of 1st Actual for Average of covered State wage base issued unemployment Number payments Potential Actual exhaustees number employees

United States •• __. _- --- ____ _.------______4, 216, 938 47, 970, 160 811, 532 I 19. 8 24.4 11.4 21.4 2 l, 101, 429 3 2. 1 Alabama ______------______$3,000 47, 189 569,418 13, 260 25. 6 23. 7 12.1 21.3 14, 150 2.0 Alaska. ______• . . __ _• ___ ._ . __ •• __ 7,200 11,607 172,382 2, 199 20.4 27. 3 14.9 25. 9 3, 558 6.8 Arizona._ • • . ------______3,600 18, 298 189,920 3, 813 20.9 22. 7 10.4 20.2 5,097 1.4 Arkansas •..••. __------______3,000 35,882 384, 899 7,873 25. 1 22.4 10. 7 19.3 10, 047 2. 5 California ______------__ 3,800 665,099 8,239,662 148, 050 23. 6 24. 0 12.4 22.4 178,278 3.4 Colorado. __ _------____-- -___ __ ----. 3, 000 15, 041 139, 965 2,527 17.3 21. 8 9.3 19.3 3,844 0.8 Connecticut.. •..••. • ______------3, 600 125, 873 1, 228, 529 15, 771 13.1 25. 9 9.8 25. 7 23, 946 2.5 Delaware .• ______.•• ______3,600 18, 915 146, 060 2, 084 11.6 23.9 7. 7 22.3 2, 787 1.7 District of Columbia ______3,000 12,604 184, 259 2,638 21. 6 30.6 14. 6 27. 9 3, 844 1.3 Florida .. ______- - ___ _---- __ __ --- 3, 000 57, 655 625,670 19, 969 35.0 19. 7 10.9 16. 0 18, 912 1.3 3,000 49, 953 406,484 12, 884 26.1 19. 9 8.1 15.2 10, 723 1. 0 ~:o;::t.-~ ~== :: :: :: : : : ::: :::: ::: :: : : 5,000 12, 276 164, 786 2,220 18.8 26.0 13.4 26.0 3, 711 1. 8 Idaho ___ __ ---· ______3, 600 16, 557 168,463 3,922 23.3 18. 7 10.2 15. 5 4,285 3.1 Illinois. ______-- __ ------______3,000 183, 738 1, 099, 145 35, 918 20.3 23.4 10.9 20.3 43, 726 1.3 Indiana . • • ______- -- - __------_____ 3,000 82,945 679, 559 17, 932 21. 9 20.3 8.2 14. 8 15, 644 1.1 Iowa •••. ______------______3, 000 32, 100 303, 413 7,867 25.3 22.4 11.3 17.1 8, 253 1. 4 Kansas ••• __ _-- .• ------•. -- --- 3,000 30,572 327, 505 6, 283 21. 3 23.2 10. 7 21.5 7, 318 1.7 Kentucky ______---- ____ -- ___ _---- _ 3, 000 49, 504 525, 742 9, 700 20. 9 23.1 10.8 20.4 13, 471 2.2 Louisiana ______3, 000 69,699 1, 003, 296 21, 540 32. 0 24.2 14.4 21. l 21, 050 2. 9 Maine ______------__ .. __ ------. 3, 000 32, 706 344, 373 6, 148 21.6 22. 8 10.0 18. l 8, 068 3.6 3, 000 64, 376 665, 415 8, 684 12. 9 26.0 10.3 26.0 14, 119 1.5 ::~i~~tts:~~: ::: :: :::::::::::: : 3, 600 175, 105 2, 224,565 35, 322 21.1 26.9 12. 7 25.0 48,647 2.8 Michigan. ______3, 600 230,699 2, 251, 929 39, 939 17.0 23.5 9.8 19.5 52,nl 2. 2 Minnesota. ______4,800 46, 977 549, 203 11, 514 24.2 23.0 11. 7 19.0 12, 691 1.3 3,000 25, 099 265, 895 4, 921 21.1 23.6 10.6 21.0 7,054 1.8 3,000 96,682 943, 372 13, 975 15.3 23.6 9.8 20.9 25, 331 2.1 =i:~:r~~~~=Montana._.·---= ===_-·--= ====_ _ ==__ ====______== =_===____ = 3,000 13,627 159, 083 3, 224 24.9 22.6 11. 7 19. 7 3, 571 2. 9 Nebraska ____ ------______3, 000 13, 751 156, 945 3,083 21.4 22. 7 11.4 18. 2 3,374 1.1 Nevada ______------______3,800 16, 162 189,482 3,676 22. 9 22.6 11. 7 21. 4 4, 178 2. 7 New Hampshir•-·-···------·------3,000 11, 713 75,535 67 0.6 26.0 6.4 22.6 2, 059 1.1 New J•rstY----··-·-··-·---·-·-·-·-- 3,600 236, 146 3, 067, 339 57, 228 24.3 23.6 13.0 21.3 61, 731 3.0 See footnotes at end of rta.ble. May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14531

TABLE 2A.-HANDBOOK OF UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FINANCIAL DATA-Continued (1969 benefit and claims data)

Claimants exhausting benefits Insured unemployed Weeks Average duration (in weeks) compensated Percent Percent Taxable 1st payments for all of 1st Actual for Average of covered State wage base issued unemployment Number payments Potential Actual exhaustees number employees

New Mexico ___ ------______$3, 000 13, 316 ln,840 2,424 18.3 28.8 13.4 25.9 4,355 2.4 New York ______------______------3,000 498, 657 6,455, 783 70,249 14.2 26.0 12.9 26.0 138, 516 2. 5 North Carolina ______3,000 84, 811 817,890 11, 795 14.6 26.0 9.6 24.7 19, 218 1.4 North Dakota ______3,400 6,248 90, 275 1, 063 15.3 23. 7 14.4 21.3 2,278 2. 8 Ohio __ ------_------_- _---- - 3,000 137, 267 1, 314, 930 13, 760 9.6 25.4 9.6 24.4 32, 206 1.1 Oklahoma ______3,000 25, 010 365, 007 8,013 33.5 26.5 14.6 22.6 9,464 2.0 Oregon ______---- ______3,600 63, 204 697, 655 7,965 14.4 25.6 11.0 24.8 17, 274 3.3 Pennsylvania ____ -- ______3,600 257,910 2, 815, 925 26,656 10.2 28.6 10.9 26.6 65,410 1. 9 Puerto Rico ______---- ______3,000 79, 798 862, 947 40, 798 51.4 13.4 10.8 13.3 t 34, 942 • 7.0 Rhode Island _____ ------______3,600 38,874 412, 914 7 323 20.1 23. l 10.6 19.8 8,950 3.4 South Carolina ______3,000 37, 259 395,083 lo; 115 29.1 22.0 10. 6 19.6 9,678 1. 6 South Dakota ______------___ 3,000 4,385 54, 169 l , 026 24.1 21.8 12.4 18.4 1,411 1. 5 Tennessee ______------_____ 3,300 90, 128 899, 034 18, 551 22. 2 23. 7 10. 0 22.4 22,292 2.3 Texas __ ------______------______3,000 73, 551 794, 618 19, 288 27.8 21. 9 10. 8 14. 9 20,437 0.8 Utah ______------______4,200 19, 886 247, 786 4,863 25. 8 25.4 12. 5 20.0 6, 178 2.8 3,600 8, 792 101, 933 1,066 12. 1 26.0 11. 6 26.0 2, 241 2.2 ~r:;~~~-:: ======3,000 30, 919 260, 098 5,879 20.9 21. 3 8.4 17.6 6, 788 o. 7 3,000 128, 607 1, 522, 042 18, 401 17.6 28.1 11. 8 25. 7 33, 412 4.4 3,600 39, 574 400, 686 5, 297 12. 0 26.0 10.1 24.8 10, 156 2. 7 3,600 76,339 818, 383 12, 166 16. 7 29.4 10. 7 22.9 18,998 1. 8 Wyoming~rl~~!i~~!~~ ______~ ~ ======---= = 3,600 3,853 42, 869 603 15. 9 23.1 11. 1 20.4 988 1. 0

1 1st payments for fiscal year 1969; for years previous to 1960, 1st payments for 12 months a Insured unemployment as a percent of covered employment excludes employees engaged in ending September 30. agricultural aspects of the sugar industry. 21ncludes employees engaged in agricultural aspects of the sugar industry beginning in 1964.

TABLE 2B.-HANDBOOK OF UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE FINANCIAL DATA, 1969

Significant measures (in percents) Wage data Average weekly benefit Average weekly wages Ratios to total wages Ratios to taxable wages in covered employment Ratio to Average Average average Year-end employer Year-end employer weekly Collections Benefits reserve tax rates Collections Benefits reserve tax rates Total Taxable Amount total wages

United States ______I 0.69 0.58 3.44 0.68 I 1. 40 1.17 6.95 1.38 $134. 76 $66. 81 $46.17 0. 343 Alabama. ______-- __ ---- ______1.65 .47 3. 21 .52 11.22 .89 6.03 .98 113. 80 60.57 35.30 .310 Alaska __ ------•2.48 1.35 5.07 2.11 • 3.42 1.87 7. 00 2. 91 206.49 149. 65 3 45. 55 . 221 Arizona __ _------______.82 .32 4.35 .83 1.45 .57 7. 76 1.49 129. 36 72.55 42. 72 .330 Arkansas __ ------______• 76 .63 2. 57 . 75 1.25 1.04 4.23 1. 24 99.07 60.25 34.96 . 353 California _____ ------_-- __ ---- ___ 1. 32 1.03 3.23 1.31 2. 51 1.96 6.13 2.49 147. 43 77.68 51.87 .352 Colorado ______. 25 .22 2. 52 • 23 . 51 .« 5.07 .47 126. 22 62. 75 51.05 .404 Connecticut______--- ______• 87 .87 4.04 .86 1.84 1. 83 8. 50 1. 81 150.09 71.34 a 55. 76 .372 Delaware ______---- ______.42 .53 1.96 .42 .85 1.07 4.00 .86 142. 20 69.82 45. 79 .322 District of Columbia ______.33 .39 3.52 .33 . 73 .87 7. 83 • 73 138.82 62.37 a 50.02 .360 Florida ______------___ .33 .22 2. 74 .34 . 65 .43 5.31 .66 122. 57 63.16 33. 76 .275 .59 .22 4. 77 .58 1.11 . 41 9.01 1.10 116. 54 61.69 38.19 .328 ~:~::r_-_-_~Idaho ______~ ======1.08 .55 3.32 1.10 1. 61 .82 4.94 1.63 123. 71 83.12 52.04 • 421 IIii nois ______1.03 .85 5.48 1.04 1.67 1.38 8.90 1.69 lll.97 68.94 43.81 .391 .18 .36 2. 01 .18 .42 .83 4.65 . 41 147. 53 63.64 g 45. 91 .311 Indiana __ ------______. 51 .24 3.15 .49 1.12 .54 6.95 1.08 138.12 62.69 3 37.67 .273 Iowa ______------______.36 .46 3.63 .38 . 75 .95 7.54 • 78 122. 00 58. 74 48.56 .398 Kansas ______------______. 63 .55 3.68 .63 1.26 1.10 7.30 1.25 118. 18 59. 51 46.57 .394 Kentucky ____ ------______. 70 .55 4.49 .68 1.36 1.07 8. 70 1. 32 119. 87 61. 78 40.56 .338 Louisiana ____ ------______.65 .87 3.40 .66 1. 31 1. 74 6.84 1.33 126. 34 62. 87 42.49 .336 Maine ______. 77 .94 3.49 • 77 1.40 1. 70 6.32 1.39 109. 38 60.45 38.12 .349 Maryland ______---. ______.36 .47 3.78 .36 .74 .98 7.84 • 74 124. 86 60.25 a 45.15 .362 Massachusetts ______1.02 .86 3.58 1.02 1.86 1. 56 6. 51 1. 85 128. 24 70.39 147.81 .373 Michigan ____ ------______.65 .56 3.15 .65 1.41 1. 20 6. 79 1.39 159. 14 73. 76 •50.42 .317 Minnesota ______------___ . 71 . 36 1. 88 . 70 1.15 . 58 3.03 1.13 130.42 80. 71 43. 77 .336 Mississippi ______- ______-__ .36 .41 4.18 .35 .60 .69 7.07 .60 102.44 60.57 32.51 • 317 MissourL ______----- ______.43 .48 3.49 .43 .92 1. 02 7.50 ·.92 131. 23 61.05 44.85 .342 Montana ____ ------__ ------_ .86 • 75 3.52 .86 1.58 1. 38 6.48 1.59 112. 41 61.06 34.22 .304 Nebraska ______.40 .34 3.11 .39 . 78 .65 6.03 • 75 114.95 59.15 39.38 .343 Nevada ____ ------__ ------1.10 . 74 3.46 1.13 1.87 1.25 5.85 1. 91 137. 99 81.60 144.24 . 321 New Hampshire ______.59 .24 4. 73 .57 1.11 .46 8.93 1.08 114.68 60.68 41.64 .363 New Jersey ______• l.06 1.00 2.99 .97 12.26 2.14 6.38 2.06 153. 34 71.82 54.88 .358 New Mexico ______.64 .56 3.91 .64 1.20 1.06 7.33 1.20 113.30 60.43 35.40 • 312 New York ______. 76 • 71 4.17 . 76 1.75 1.65 9.61 1.76 150. 76 65.33 50.88 . 337 North Carolina ______.69 .32 5.37 .68 1. 22 • 56 9.45 1. 20 106.49 60.48 30.00 .282 North Dakota ______1.14 .84 2. 45 1.12 2.00 1.47 4.29 1.96 106. 90 61.10 42.61 .399 Ohio _____ ------.38 .27 3.12 . 37 .87 .62 7.23 .86 146.18 63.02 a 46. 83 . 320 Oklahoma. __ ------___ .36 .38 2.01 • 37 • 70 . 75 3.94 • 73 120. 23 61.33 32.20 .268 .84 • 81 3.94 .84 1. 51 1. 45 7.10 1. 52 128. 90 71.59 41. 42 . 321 ======. 72 . 51 3. 71 . 73 1.38 .98 7.13 1.39 131. 03 68.21 46.20 .353 Puerto~~~~~~ivaiiia:: Rico2 ______:~== 1.90 1. 72 5. 68 1.94 2.67 2.41 7.95 2. 71 76.04 54.31 25. 71 .338 Rhode Island ______1.19 1.10 5.22 1. 21 2. 05 1. 89 8.98 2.07 118. 24 68. 81 •46.52 .393 South Carolina ______• 74 .41 4.69 • 73 1. 31 • 73 8.30 1.29 105. 86 59. 76 36.24 .342 South Dakota ______.40 . 77 3.98 .39 . 72 1. 38 7.14 • 70 101. 25 56.45 36. 76 .363 Tennessee ______• 81 . 54 3.67 .80 1. 41 . 95 6.43 1. 41 113. 02 64. 56 35. 56 • 315 Texas ______.16 .18 2.15 .15 .33 .35 4.29 .30 124. 37 62.30 37. 80 .304 Utah. ______-- _____ -- .90 • 76 3. 75 .91 1. 45 1. 22 6.04 1. 46 112. 93 70.10 40. 71 .360 1. 01 .69 4.12 1. 00 1.75 1.18 7.10 1. 72 120. 25 69. 81 45.19 • 376 ~r:gTni~~-:======.24 .15 3.60 .23 . 46 . 29 6.82 .43 113. 96 60.12 36.43 .320 Washington ______. 81 .84 5.40 . 81 l. 77 1. 85 11.84 1. 77 143. 39 65.36 34.64 .242 West Virginia ______.80 . 50 4.18 . 81 1. 47 .93 7. 71 1. 48 130. 73 70.94 31.65 .242 Wisconsin ______. 81 . 52 4.36 . 79 1. 52 .98 8.22 1. 49 134. 90 71. 50 51.04 .378 Wyoming ______------.67 . 42 4.28 .64 1.10 . 70 7.06 1. 06 111. 54 67. 54 43. 28 .388

•Includes contributions and penalties from employers and contributions from employees which 2 Ratios do not include employment and wage data for employees and employers engaged in tax workers. agricultural aspects of the sugar industry. a Includes dependents' allowances. 14532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS (TABULATED BY DATA MANAGE­ may be of special interest to you are sum­ MENT, INC.) marized below. Additional information and copies of the bills are available on request. [In percent} H.J. Res. 557-A proposal for the total HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam OF MICHIGAN Adults Students within nine months after the release of all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. war prisoners to a neutral third party and an immediate ceasefire. Tuesday, May 11, 1971 Vietnam: Which do you prefer? Withdraw all troops immediately ______30 28 H. Con. Res. 129--To curtail international Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I Withdraw troops gradually and turn drug traffic by United Nations action and by namesethe war ______over to the _South______Viet- _ cutting off U.S. foreign aid to nations that recently reported the results of my 1971 54 42 refuse to cooperate. Congressional Questionnaire in a news­ Withdraw all troops by a fixed deadline_ 18 27 Send more troops and step up the H.R. 5223-To regulate the use of water­ letter to the residents of the 18th Dis­ fighting ______polluting phosphates in detergents. trict of Michigan. Included in the report Which national proposals would you H.R. 7176--A bill to make it a Federal favor? is a letter to the President summarizing 1. Social security: Provide for built­ crime to commit a felony with a firearm. the results of the poll. The text of the in, automatic cost-of-living ad- H.R. 6262-Legislation to set limits report follows: justments ______- 77 55 and disclosure requirements in campaigns 2. Revenue sharing: Return part of for Federal office and to provide a tax credit YOUR VIEWS Go To THE PRESIDENT all Federal tax moneys to State and local governments for use for individual political contributions. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, as they see fit______54 35 H.R. 3947-to require open-dating of foods HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 3. Military manpower: Begin build­ sold in supermarkets to insure their fresh­ Washington, D.C., May 1, 1971. ing an all-volunteer military by improving benefits for military ness. The PRESIDENT, service ______- - __ -- 61 69 H.R. 6364-Providing for the mandatory The White House, 4. Pollution: User fees and/or taxes retirement of members of Congress at age 65. Washington, D.C. on all polluters and users of DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I thought you would water to fully finance water 1971 YEARBOOKS AVAILABLE like to know the results of my 1971 Con­ pollution control programs ______73 79 A limited supply of the 1971 Agricultura'l 5. SST: Further Federal financial gressional QuestionnaJ.re. Nearly 30,000 resi­ support for development of a Yearbook, Contours of Change, is still avail­ dents of the 18th Congressional District of supersonic transport plane ____ _ 25 13 able through my office. I wm be pleased to Michigan participated-without a doubt, the 6. Welfare: The President's plan to fill requests for them on a first-come first­ greatest response ever to this annual pro­ place a floor under the incomes served basis as long as they last. Please let on the poor and to emphasize gram. the work incentive ______60 52 me know if you would like a copy by writing As in past years, seniors in high schools • Economy: Wage and price con­ me at 2435 Rayburn House Office Building, throughout the District were invited to par­ trols applied to all segments Washington, D.C. 20515. I also have a supply tioipate. Nearly 6,000 young people were in­ of the country ______. 51 41 of pamphlets prepared by the Department 8. NA TO: Reduction in U.S. troops volved and, like the adults, their response committed to North Atlantic of Health, Education, and Welfare contain­ was the most enthusiastic ever. The en­ Treaty Organization ______. 52 28 ing questions and answers on six kinds of closed tabulation provides an interesting 9. Drugs: More flexible legal penal­ dangerous drugs. These also may be obtained comparison of their views and the replies ties for possession and use of by writing my Washington office. marihuana, provided sellers of adults. are subject to more severe pen- A majority of the adults-54 percent-in­ alties ______------71 59 dicated their support for gradual withdrawal 10. Health care: A national health insurance program for every­ of U.S. forces from Southeast Asia and Viet­ body to be financed by in­ SAVE THE MUSEUM MONTH namization of the war, exactly the same creased social security and percentage of support offered when my poll other Federal taxes ______f5 was conducted a year ago. There was a sig­ HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER nificant increase, however, in the numbers SIMPLIFYING FEDERAL TAX FORMS OF MASSACHUSETTS of people who favored U.S. withdrawal im­ mediately (30 percent) or by a fixed dead­ As every taxpayer knows, Federal income IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tax forms get more confusing and more com­ line (18 percent). Only five percent favored Tuesday, May 11, 1971 stepped-up U.S. involvement. Among the plicated each year. Last year, more than half young people, 42 percent favored gradual of the 75 m11lion people who filed Federal tax Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. withdrawal, 28 percent immediate withdraw­ returns required the help of a tax expert. As Speaker, the dreams of small boys and al, 27 percent disengagement by a fixed a result, tax preparation services have be­ a significant segment of the Nation's deadline and only two percent stepped-up come a major new industry a.nd in some in­ stances pose new dangers for taxpayers. The history are two things well worth pre­ fighting. serving. Both reside in the Marine Mu­ Both adults and teenagers were opposed to raw flnancia.l data accumulated and com­ the Supersonic Transport plane. They agreed puterized by many of these firms has found seum in Fall River, Mass., which is now in their support for an all-volunteer mill­ a ready market in the form of mutual funds, seeking funds to continue and expand tary, better pollution control programs fi­ banks, insurance companies and credit its function as their repository. nanced by increased taxes, and more :flexible bureaus. Taxpayers have found themselves The museum is relatively new, having penalties for drug users provided sellers are receiving unsolicited offers of investment opened in 1968, not far from the U.S.S. dealt with more harshly. counseling, insurance, loans and other finan­ Massachusetts, the Commonwealth's Three-quarters of the adults who replied cial services tailored to their individual needs. It seems to me this practice seriously World War II memorial. Its principal supported automatic cost-of-living increases impetus came with the acquisition of the in Social Security as did 55 percent of the compromises every taxpayer's right to privacy. young people. A majority of both groups sup­ After all we require the Internal Revenue mementoes and exhibits of the Seamen's ported welfare reform but rejected a na­ Service to observe the strictest confidentiality Church Institute of New York. tional health insurance program financed by with regard to the individual return, yet we More memorabilia have been added, higher Social Security or other Federal taxes. allow private firms to sell highly personal in­ and now the museum has one of the Twenty-eight percent of the young people formation without the taxpayer's consent. world's finest representations of steam said they would favor a reduction in U.S. I recently introduced two b11ls which I shipping. Exact replicas of many of the troops committed to NATO while 52 percent hope will provide relief to both problems. One blll would require the client's consent before great steamships of history are in its of the adults supported such a reduction. gleaming glass cases. Similarly, a majority of adults said they personal tax data could be disclosed. The oth­ favor revenue sharing but just 35 percent er bill is aimed at the heart of the problem­ They range from 100-year-old steam­ of the young people backed it. Wage and the complicated Federal tax form itself. It ers to the Liberty ship of World War II. price controls were approved by a bare major­ calls for the creation of a citizens commis­ Included are ships of the Fall River Line, ity of adults-51 percent-but by only 41 sion to study ways of making the form sim­ which were the height of luxury travel percent of the young people. pler to understand and prepare. Hopefully, for 90 years between New England and The opinions of people in my District are both of these measures will receive priority New York; the trans-Atlantic steamer important to me as I know they are to you. consideration from Congress. Empress of France, which was a favorite I hope you will find them useful and in­ BROOMFIELD BILLS--92D CONGRESS of the Prince of Wales; the Danish ship formative. Respectfully, Since the new Congress convened in Jan­ United States, donated by King Fred­ WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, uary, I have introduced nearly 50 pieces of erick IX of Denmark; and many other Member of Congress. legislation. Some of the 50 measures which models that have come from Japanese May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14533 Emperior Hirohito, Pandit Nehru, Queen language in citations. That the citation ac­ ness to speak at them, his staying to talk Frederika of Greece, President Franklin companying his own decoration was down­ with the rank and file delegates-all at great to-earth is obvious from an inspection of it. personal sacrlfice--established a rapport D. Roosevelt, and Burl Ives. "Assistant Secretary Hittle's dedication, which had never previously existed. All of which constitutes a panoramic creative thinking and guidance have signifi­ It was this rapport which helped "sell" the chronicle of the history and develop­ cantly improved military and civilian man­ reorganizations referred to, which-let's face ment of an industry, a region, a nation. power management within the Department it-hurt some long-time reservists. Falls Church Mayor Nicholas W. of the Navy and have made positive contribu­ The NROTC and the Junior ROTC pro­ Mitchell has designated May as "Save tions to U.S. government policy in a number grams were his special concern. He fought to the Museum Month" to launch an en­ of areas." retain necessary military aspects of the col­ Just one example of this was the matter lege program and to have them receive thusiastic fundraising drive, not only to of attendance at chapel at the service acad­ credits toward a degree, and where he could save the museum, but also to enhance it. emies. When several Annapolis and West not obta.l.n this he consented to the phasing I wholeheartedly endorse both the Point students filed suit against that policy out of units-AND PROMOTED ACTIVA­ museum and the effort to improve it. I a number of government lawyers felt that TION OF NEW ONES-rather than have the wish its supporters every success, for the government probably would lose in court. usefulness of old units destroyed. He pushed they are fighting for the dreams of Hittle argued for an all-out defense. "Just the creation of units at predominantly children. because you are going to lose is no reason to Negro colleges. roll over and play dead," he said. "We must In his la.st month of office he recommended. stand firm on issues pertaining to the flag assigning a TAR officer to the staff of the and God." Commander-in-Chief Naval Forces, Europe, The government won the case. to coordinate Reserve matters in Europe. JAMES D. HITTLE "His deep interest in the welfare of the There is a big Reserve population on that officers and men of the Navy and Marine continent, so big that the Reserve Officers Corps has been inspirational and he has been Association has long had a vice president for HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY a major factor in a number of significant Europe. Hlttle's action will strengthen the OF MINNESOTA actions to improve the quality of life for Reserve participation of former active-duty IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES these personnel." men now in Europe. Some of those actions are refen·ed to He sponsored the transfer of administra­ Tuesday, May 11, 1971 specifically later in the citation. Let's now tive support and control of the Naval Re­ look at some which are not. serve Polley Board to his office, thus giving Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ask He pushed the removal of the policy which unanimous consent to have printed in the board direct access to the Secretary of required men in uniform to show their ID the Navy. When the board met in January the Extensions of Remarks an editorial cards in commissaries and exchanges; he 1971, it included enlisted members--voting published in the Navy Times of April 21, pushed for creation of the two retiree com­ enlisted members, thanks largely to Hittle. 1971. The editorial is a well-deserved mittees, one for officers and one for enlisteds, (The board had recommended non-voting tribute to one of our dear and long-time and following the recent second meeting of enlisted advisers.) friends, former ~istant Secretary of those committees urged creation of similar "His compassion for the men and women Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs committees at local levels; he had a hand of the Naval service has been evidenced by in the assignment of the hospital ship Re­ numerous personnel actions to insure fair James D. Hittle, who recently resigned pose to help relieve the overcrowding at Long to become vice president in charge of the and just treatment of personnel problems. Beach Naval Hospital. His individual effort was responsible for pre­ Washington office of Pan American Air­ Rather little things, but important to vari­ venting the erosion of overseas cost of living ways. General Hittle is known and re­ ous people-and Hittle knew that the little allowances for military personnel." spected by most of us on both sides of the things often were more important than major As new Assistant Secretary, Hittle was made aisle. His many years of dedicated serv­ actions. Navy member of the Pentagon, Per Diem, ice to his country led him to the Hill, Not little but of vital concern to thousands Travel and Transportation Allowance Com­ was his pushing of recommendations from mittee and on Jan. 1, 1970, was named chair­ where he served with distinction and ef­ the Surgeon General and the Vice Chief Of fectiveness, first as special legislative as­ man. Naval Operations for a major revision of In the pre-Hittle era, this committee sat sistant to the Commandant of the Ma­ physical disability retirement procedures. An from time to time _mostly to act on changes rine Corps and then as special legislative office of Naval Disability Evaluation was required by new laws or recommended by assistant to the Secretary of Defense. I created. In its first three months of opera­ one of the services. Hittle held more frequent am proud of my friendship with Don tion the average time to process a physical meetings and put the committee to work to Hittle and am pleased to join Senators retirement or discharge was reduced from 89 seek out ways to improve the lot of service and General Hittle's many friends in days to 45 days. The number of initial find­ personnel. He directed compilation of com­ wishing him well in his new career. The ings which had to go on to lengthy, formal parative benefits of servicemen, of Defense hearings was reduced from 30 percent of and other government civilians and of in­ editorial is certainly a splendid reflection cases to 10.8 percent. This was done without dustry in the areas in which the committee of the high regard in which all who have additional processing people, and the bene­ had jurisdiction, and then set to work to been exposed to General Hittle hold him. fits to the disabled people involved are well bring military benefits up to at least the level There being no objection, the editorial nigh incalculable. o! benefits enjoyed by the other groups. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "His personal interest and active partici­ But first, he stepped into a controversy. as follows: pation were instru,mental in carrying out the The Comptroller General had outlawed the establishment of a temporary lodging pro­ [From the Navy Times, Apr. 21, 1971] system of determining oversea cost of living gram and contributed very substantially to and housing allowances, as the citation indi­ JAMES D. HITTLE the successful implementation of that pro­ cates. The law was on the Comptroller's side. The people of the Navy and Marine Corps-­ gram." In most such cases in the past, Defense would and of all the Armed Forces for that mat­ We need not dwell on this. The idea was have conformed to the money watchdog's ter-have lost the services of the man who, Secretary Cha.fee's, and he supported it down ruling. But Hittle was not the "roll over and anyway you figure it was the greatest civilian the line. The selection of sites, the drive play dead" type. personnel chief they ever had. which got 900 units at 13 places under con­ Largely through his efforts, the Comp­ James D. (Don) Hittle, Assistant Secre­ tra.ct (and two of them opened) in Just a troller was induced to hold up conformity tary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve year, and only $500,000 over the initially to his ruling while Defense sought a change Affairs, resigned effective March 31 to enter estimated $10 million cost--that was largely in the law; Congress changed the law, and private business. Hittle's doing. the system objected to was made legal. On the day of his departure, Secretary of "His actions in supporting a reorganiza­ Accomplishments of the Per Diem Commit­ the Navy John Ohafee--With whom Hittle tion of the Naval a1r and surface Reserve tee under Hittle's leadership are too numer­ had a close and warm working relationship­ programs will contribute materially to the ous to mention. They include the recent stay gave Hittle the highest award a civilian can achievement of a single force concept which of a cost-of-living allowance cut in Naples, receive: the Distinguished Public Service should enhance the combat readiness of the and such earlier things as: extending COLA Award. entire Navy." to OaJm; raising the maximum weight allow­ Never was such an award more appro­ Appointed in March 1969, Hittle began ance of lowest grade enlisteds; providing priately bestowed. Probably never was a cita­ showing up at conventions that sum.mer. He that personnel will not lose quarters allow­ tion so meaningful. Incidentally, one of the told the groups that he regarded the duties ance for temporary siay in government lodg­ almost innumerable actions Hittle took dur­ of the second part of his title "Reserve ings; allowing autos to be moved to and fl'om ing his two years as personnel chief was to Affairs" as important as the first part. His overseas in advance of actual permanent plead for more succinct and down-to-earth attendance at all these affairs, his willing- change of station orders, and increased allow- 14534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 ances for Reservists coming to or going home of my colleagues who have congratulated can Indians--or at least some of them--are from temporary active duty. Washington Metropolitan Police Chief being swept with a new, militant spirit. E-4s with two years service and committed Jerry Wilson and Capitol Police Chief That spirit is m.anUesting itself these days for six years get the travel benefits of career in both positive and negative ways. Last men a year earlier, thanks largely to Hittle. James M. Powell on the out.standing job week, the positive approach held center Defense approved the move !or July l, 1971, they and their men did in controlling the stage for about 800 Indian youths at a con­ but Hittle was able to show how 1.t could be insurgents who flooded into Washington ference here sponsored by the Church of done a year sooner. In this, as with most during the last several weeks. Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mor­ of the other accompllshment.f; of his term As a member of the House Committee mons) . All the conferees, from tribes all in otnce, Hittle stresses that the climate-the on Internal Security I am personally around the land, Mexico, and Canada, a.re active support of the President, the Secre­ aware of the amount of planning and practicing Mormons. tary of Defense and other otnciaJs-had to NO MORE "BACK BURNER" be right to get these things done. organization which went into the effort. "'llhrough his efforts ihe helped make the to close down our Nation's Capitol. It But the star of the show was not a Mor­ Department of the Navy a leader in programs was no easy thing to assure that this mon but a full-blooded Navajo Indian with tor labor relations, domestic action and equal well-organized effort did not succeed. the rather surprdsing name of Peter Mac­ opportunity. He also stimulated the develop­ Donald. Mr. MacDonald, 42, ls the newly The police conducted themselves in the elected chairman of the Navajo Tribe, the ment of the U.S. government's pollcy with highest traditions of intelligent and efft­ largest tribe with the largest reservaitlon in respect to finding other employment for cient police work in the face of sometimes the United States. An electrica.1 engineer, he Vietnamese civllians as U.S. forces are with­ quite extreme provocation. No one who is the first college-trained chief of the drawn from that country." has not personally witnessed the amount Navajos. The citation thus is an impressive recital He brought the high-school and college­ of or reference to enough accomplishments of abuse taken by police offtcers from people such as those who came to disrupt age Indian delegates a message of hope that to make any individual proud. a new era of progress, prosperity, and na­ But even so, it covers only two years of the process of orderly government can tionalism is dawning at last for the North Don Hittle's life. It does not, of course, men­ appreciate the dedication and restraint Amerucan Indian. tion that Hittle served a full career with the it takes to perform one's job in the fine "It is important,'' Mr. MacDonald told the Marine Corps, was in both theaters in world manner in which ·both the Washington youths, "that today we all get together and War II, earned the Legion of Merit with Com­ and Capitol police did. move in a direction 'thait will give us a place bat v and the Purple Heart. It does not men­ The defense of our Nation's Capitol in America that rightfully belongs to us. I tion obis services, first as legislative assistant see Indians all over the land beginning to to the Mairtne Commandant and then to the from those who would abridge the righ~ of all the American people in order to move forward toward the front of society. Defense Secretary before his retirement as a We have been on the back burner far too brigadier general, or his accomplishments in jam their views down the throats of long." those two key posts. elected representatives was admirably The great hope of the American Indian, It does not mention his post-retirement handled. he added, lies with its youth and their strug­ career as a newspaperman, and as director of gle to become educated. "I am happy to say national security and foreign affairs for the that you are beginning to move, and the rest Veterans of Foreign Wars. It was in this post PETER MACDONALD IS THE NEWLY of us are going to move with you." that Navy Times began to have frequent Mr. MacDonald isn't given to rhetoric. contact with Don Hittle as the two worked ELECTED CHAffiMAN OF THE NAVAJO TRIBE He works hard, moves fast, and is difllcult to promote many projects for the betterment to corner for interviews. But he surfaced. of servicemen and veterans--projects which, at the youth conference, and these facts we are bound to admit, frequently originated emerged: with Hittle, not with us. HON. BARRY GOLDWATER He got his surname from his enthusias• It does not mention his services as con­ OF ARIZONA tic rendering of Old MacDonald Had a Farm sultant to both the House and Senate Armed IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES as a pupil in a reservation boarding school. Services Committees, most notably in con­ He dropped out of school in the sixth grade, nection with the hearings on the deserters in Tuesday, May 11, 1971 enlisted in the Marine Corps at age 15, and Sweden. Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, a earned his high-school dliploma and college It does not mention the mllitary books he degrees assisted by the "GI Blll of Rights" wrote, some of them classics. Nor his interest new leader has assumed office on the after World War II. He was elected tribal in archeology and Oriental history. largest Indian reservation in the country chairman in January. Even as respects the last two years, the containing nearly 25 percent of all the Mr. MacDonald ga.ve up a comforta.ble­ citation does not mention because it is a Indians living in our country. salaried job with Hughes Aircraft in 1963 personal tihing, that Don Hittle lost his first Peter MacDonald is a young man, but to return to the reservation and work with wife suddenly the very month he became he is dynamic, ambitious, and under­ frustrating tribal problems. "I felt I was Assistant Secretary, yet that loss unquestion­ stands his people well. He will preside missing out on what was happening on the ably had an effect on his accomplishments in over probably the best example of demo­ reservation," he said. "I was lonesome for otnce, as he worked even hairder and longer to my own people and wanted to be a part of try to forget his grief. Nor, because it is cratic government to be found at any their progress." As tribal chief for a four­ equally personal, does the citation mention level within our country, and I am cer­ year term, he receives $18,000 a year. his second marriage, just this past summer, tain that working in cooperation of all Mr. MacDonald appears to have few lllu­ and how, with new personal responsibilltles, of his tribe, the Navajos will make great sions about the problems that plague thou­ he continued his arduous ofllcial duties by strides forward in the years ahead. sands of Indians. "The Indian today suffers the simple expedient of enlisting the second An interesting article published in the three kinds of depredation," he says. "The Mrs. Hittle. Don Hittle has always done the National Observer of May 3 will give first is a depredation of the physical needs, work of two men; in the last third of his tour im­ which creates hunger, lack of clothing and he and Patricia Herring Hittle as a team Senators a better insight into this housing. The second is a depredation of his have done the work of at least three. portant new leader. I ask unanimous economy, which keeps him from a gond life. Their departure from public life ls a great consent that the article be printed in the And the third is a depredation of his soul, loss to us all. But looking at it from their Extensions of Remarks. which results in alcoholism, suicide and standpoint, they will deserve relief and the There being no objection, the article hopelessness. The promise of youth gives the right to pass on personnel work (which Hit­ was ordered to be printed in the REcoBD, Indian a new spirit of hope to determine his tle rightly said the other day is never as follows: own destiny." finished anyway) to other hands. But pulling the Indian out of poverty on NAVAJO's NEW CHIEF CALLS FOR NEW SPmrr­ the reservation isn't going to be easy. "Sure, YouNG INDXANS HEAD FOR RESERVATIONS there will be lots of hard work," Mr. Mac­ (By Nelson Wadsworth) Donald acknowledges. "But these young PRAISE FOR THE WASHINGTON D.C. "Whenever the white ma.n treats the In­ people are not afraid of ha.rd work." AND CAPITOL POLICE FORCES dta.n as "they treat each other, then we shall The biggest problem facing the Indian. he oove no more wa.rs. We shall be all alike­ continues, lies in simple economics. On the brathers of one father and one mother, with Navajo Reservation, for example, 65 per cent one sky above and one country around us of the working force is unemployed. There HON. JOHN G. SCHMITZ and one government for all. The Grea.t Spirit simply are not enough jobs to go around, and OF CALIFORNIA Chief who rules above will smile upon this about 2,000 Navajos enter the labor market IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES liand, and send rain to wash out the bloody every yea.r. Monday, May 10, 1971 spots made by brothers' hands upon the face "In a lot of ways, the Indian is more de­ of the earth."-Chief Joseph, Nez Perce, 1879. prived than any other minority group," the Mr. SCHMITZ. Mr. Speaker, at this After more than a century of second-class tribal chairman says. "But at the same time time I would like to add my voice to those citizenship on isolated reservations, Amert- he possesses a unique opportunity not at- May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14535 forded to other minorities. We do have a cation through the Mormon Church's "In­ the traditions, uniqueness, history, and land base and some natural resources.'' dian Placement Program." Under this plan, spirit of the nation and its people on the Under the old Government ward system, some 5,000 Indians leave their reservations occasion of a national independence day. Indians are 95 per cent dependent on Uncle every fall and live with Mormon foster par­ Sam for all of their needs. "But the Indian ents. They return to their reservations at the Anyone who knows the Rumanian wants self determination," Mr. MacDonald end of the school year. This ·way they receive people recognizes their determination to says. "He wants to take on his own respon­ an elementary and secondary education with­ shape their own destiny and to have a. sibility and reverse that dependency." out cost to their own parents. Yet they do not truly free government of their own On the Navajo Reservation, with it.6 180,- lose touch with their own culture. choice. 000 population in Utah, Ar.lzona, New Mex­ "The boarding-school system on the re­ ico, and Colorado, the tribal organization is servations is stagnant, a failure," says 'Jn­ now attempting to set up an "ownership year-old Wilfred Numkena, a Hopi Indian J. EDGAR HOOVER economy" whereby the wealth of the Navajo from Tuba City, Ariz. "Under the placement nation will be vested with the people them­ program we are able to gain new experiences. selves rather than with the tribal govern­ We learn how to interact with the world, how ment. to communicate, how to be a part of it." HON. TOM RAILSBACK Also, a newly formed Navajo Economic OF ILLINOIS SUNTANS IN DRIVER'S SEATS Development Authority is seeking to build IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a tourist industry and to lure labor-seeking Mr. Numkena will receive a degree soon in industry to the reservation. education at Brigham Young. He plans to Monday, May 10, 1971 return to the reservation to work with his And there is a drive under way to get Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, I am more and better roads on the reservation so own people. the Navajos can do away with the old Gov­ Robert Nakai, a student from Brigham pleased to add my remarks in tribute to­ ernment boarding-school system. Navajos. Young and a Navajo from Gallup, N.M., sum­ day to the truly unique and great service says Mr. MacDonald, want to run their own med up the Mormon point of view the last of J. Edgar Hoover during the last half schools. day of the conference at a meeting in the century. On the anniversary of his be­ Of course, execution of all of these plans Tabernacle on Salt Lake City's Temple coming the Director of the Federal Bu­ will cost money, but the tribal leader says Square. "I am really happy to look down and reau of Investigation 47 years ago, I wish Indians have just as much right to revenue see so many black heads and beautiful sun­ sharing as the states and the cities. "For the tans," he said. "You are in the driver's seat, to express my thanks and best wishes to young people, the future holds great prom­ and you can run your world if you really want J. Edgar Hoover. ise," Mr. MacDonald continues. "The reser­ to. We have many promises, but if we don't Our Nation certainly owes a great debt vation is really virgin territory. It has been perform, we will lose all of these blessings." of gratitude to this man and to the or­ left alone too long and development has This new Indian militancy, it should be ganization which he brought into being gone up around the reservation, not on it... clearly understood, doesn't contemplate any and which is now far greater than any Mr. MacDonald told the youths about a quiet extermination of Indians by assimila­ one man. It is, however, difficult to dis­ Navajo legend in which two young people tion into the white population. Rather, Na­ saved the Indian nation by sowing the right vajo Chieftain MacDonald and the youthful cuss the man without at the same time seeds that would bear fruit. "Now we are conferees are charting a course aimed at discussing the FBI which he directs. asking you to bring back to the reservation somehow allowing Indians to thrive in a Should my remarks appear to be some­ those things which will now bear new fruit," white man's modern economy while main­ times directed more toward the FBI and he said. "You must bring back experience, tainlng their Indian identity. less toward its Director of 47 years, I knowledge, a:nd service. We need you. The That theme was heard again and again am willing to give the Director a signifi­ people need you, not just the Navajos, but like a refrain during the conference meet­ cant portion of the credit for the agency all other Indian reservations." ings, seminars, and banquet speeches: "We as well. The delegates to the conference could are proud to be Indians," it ran. "A new hardly be described as "rank-and-file" In­ day for the Indian people is at hand!" In a preface to the annual report on dians; indeed, they well may be the Indian crime in the United States, J. Edgar elite, for this was an "All Lama.nite LOS Hoover makes the following statement: Youth Conference." Lamanite is a Mormon The decade of the 1960's has seen many word applied to all the descendants of the in­ ROMANIANS CELEBRATE changes in society, both good and bad. Our habitants of the Western Hemisphere before Nation has experienced a number of sig­ the arrival of the white man. Mormons be­ nificant advancements during recent years; lieve the Indians, like the Jews, are God's HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI however, unusual increases in crime and chosen people. Mormon prophets have pre­ OF ILLINOIS criimina.l behavior as documented in this dicted that the Indians in the last days will publicaition have most certainly detracted "blqssom as a rose" and will build a "New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from these improvements. Crime increases Jerusalem" in America before the Second Monday, May 10, 1971 were not unique to the Unlted States. They Coming of Christ. have occurred in most of the advanced na­ BELL BOTTOMS AND MINISKIRTS Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, today, tions of the world which publicly report The young Indians Mr. MacDonald spoke the 10th of May, is the traditional na­ crime statistics. The causes--,socia.l, human, to were not wearing Western shirts, denims, tional holiday of the people of Ru.mania. and material-that contributed to these cowboy boots, and gaudy colors. Most were Historically, the day commemorated is trends a.re beyond the immediate control of dressed like whites, the boys in suits and ties that of May 10, 1866, when Prince law enforcement agencies. The effect, how­ and the girls in prim dresses, skirts, sweaters, Charles was proclaimed Prince of ever, placed new and increasing demands on and blouses. A few of the boys wore their Ru.mania, establishing the modern Ru­ the law enforcement profession requiring hair long and sported bell-bottom trousers substantial changes in all phases of its ac­ manian dynasty and the creation of the tivities. and other mod clothing. Some girls wore modern Rumanian state. mlniskirt.s. And many were students from Exactly 11 years later, on May 10, May I remind detractors of Mr. Hoover Brigham Young University who already have that he is well aware of the ma.ny and committed themselves to return to their 1877, the principality of Rwnania pro­ reservations as teachers, social workers, claimed her independence from the varied causes of crime. As he states, these nurses, and even businessmen to help lift Ottoman Empire and, in the battles that include social, human, and material as­ their people out of poverty. followed, the Rumanians secured their pects. As he also states, they are largely There was little talk of "red power" or of independence. beyond the immediate control of the law "brown power" at the conference. Arturo In continuation of the significance of enforcement agencies, and as he .also Dehoyos from Brigham Young University, in the 10th of May, on that day in 1881 the states the law enforcement agencies must a speech at one session, told why: "We are be constantly changing to remain effec­ talking about •gospel power' not •red power,'" kingdom of Rumania was proclaimed he said. "The power we seek emphasizes the and the Rumanian people and the na­ tive. I might add that the living proof of brotherhood of man, not the d11ferences be­ tion entered into an era of progress that the adaptability of the man and the Bu­ tween the races. 'Gospel power' builds up; marked the country except for the dis­ reau which he has headed for 4·7 years the other kind destroys." ruption of World War II. lies in the mere fact that in a city and "I think the Navajo nation is going to As a result of President Nixon's visit government of great change, this man rise up and be a great force in this country," to Rumania, the interest of our country has continually adjusted to a series of says 18-year-old Lorraine Blleen of Teec­ Presidents, Congresses, courts, and times. Nos-Pos, Ariz., Mr. MacDonald's hometown. in developments there has been accentu­ "I want to be a teacher and go back and ated. It is important, Mr. Speaker, that We can point to no greater success story work on the reservation." we keep in mind not only current events in terms of adjusting to change. Miss Blleen, like most of the youths at­ and present day politics on an occasion I recently received a letter from a far­ tending the conference, is receiving her edu- such as this, but that we also emphasize mer FBI agent, Harvey G. Foster of Park 14536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 Ridge, Ill. This letter is forceful and sin­ I would like to suggest that he is one of the to believe the accusations. Consequently, the cere and I include it at this point in my greatest bargains in Government. I would popular cause to legally protect the crlminaJ remarks: hope that he would be permitted to continue is crowding his victim f:rom beneath the APRIL 16, 1971. to serve his country with his obvious dedl­ dome of justice. Hon. ToM RAn.sBACK, ~ation until such time as he steps down­ It has been said that, "Justice ls the in­ House of Representatives, and that he be supported in this endeavor surance we have on our Hves and property, House Office Building, partially as a reward for long and dedicated and obedience is the premium we pay for it." Washington, D.C. service, but more importantly, because in To my mind, too many Americans, victims DEAR CONGRESSMAN RAil.SBACK: I have be­ this day of permissiveness that in him we of pampered crtmlnals, are paying the premi­ come increasingly concerned with the spate have a dedicated person of integrity in a um without collecting the insurance. of comments from columnists, Congressmen most responsible position of trust, where JOHN EDGAB HOOVER, and others asking for J. Edgar Hoover's re­ permissiveness would be disastrous. Director. moval or retirement from the F.B.I. I spent Most sincerely, H. G. FosTER. In addition to calling for and institut­ 23 years in the F.B.I., the la.st 15 years in ing constant change in updating law charge of various offices a.round the country. Mr. Foster's letter is a forceful defense I chose to retire and am very happy with a enforcement and in addition to serving very challenging second career. of and testimonial to J. Edgar Hoover. I as advocate for the innocent victims of I cite my career in the F.B.I. only b~use am sure that many others would echo the crime, J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI have I want to comment, I hope authoritatively, same sentiments. I doubt if very many served as a prime investigator of civil about Mr. Hoover and the F.B.I. people in this country would ever attack rights cases in this Nation. During the I found Mr. Hoover the most dedicated the FBI on its record. last fiscal year reported, the volume of public official I ever met. He lives for the In the May 1, 1971, issue of the FBI F.B.I. and for the United States-these are civil rights cases handled by the FBI his constant unflagging interests. I found Law Enforcement Bulletin, Mr. Hoover under criminal statutes dealing with in­ him a superb administrator, a tough dis­ speaks out for those innocent victims of terference with constitutional rights ciplinarian and something seldom men­ crime in this country. There are several reached an all time high of 5,933, up 14 tioned, even quicker to recognize and reward who speak forcefully for the rights of the percent over the previous year In addi­ outstanding service on the part of the F.B.I. criminals and there are few who speak in tion, the FBI handled 810 investigations employees. behalf of the victims. Mr. Hoover does us under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 deal­ He bent over backwards to assure that the all a service in speaking out for the vic­ ing with discrimination in employment, F.B.I. investigations were impartial and ob­ jective and that everyone's persona.I and con­ tims. I include his message at this paint public schools, public facilities, and stitutional rights were to be considered in­ in my remarks: places of public accommodation. Also violate. I think he personally is very respon­ MEsSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR TO ALL LAW conducted were some 250 investigations sible for leading law enforcement to an early ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS of discrimination in housing which is recognition of the necessity for this. He is Question: Who spea.ks for the victims of prohibited by the Civil Rights Act of an able and a.n exceptional man who has crime 1n America? 1968. The FBI was instrumental in the chosen to devote all his energies to a govern­ Answer: Aside from the weak, muffied arrest of James Earl Ray for the murder mental agency and who has made it an agen­ cries of the victims themselves, practically of Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil rights cy looked up to and respected by the public no one. and by law enforcement around the world. work called for the participation of an Are crime victims in the United Staites average of 1,974 agents each month dur­ I see him criticised as being a publicity today the forgotten people of our time? Do seeker for himself and his agency. Certainly they receive a full measure of justice? Is ing fiscal 1969. he has sought to keep the F.B.I. before the public welfare secondary to private privi­ In the area of organized crime, the American public, but this ls because he was lege? These questions raise some troublesome FBI has intensified its drive against the long ago astute enough to recognize that issues. criminal element and a record 319 con­ the F.B.I. would rise or fall as an investiga­ Crime rates, based on the number of seri­ victions of hoodlum, gambling, and vice tive body depending on the confidence the ous crimes per 100,000 inhabitants, show the figures resulted for the fiscal year 1969. public had in it. incidence of crime to our population. More Another 1,027 individuals were await­ A law Enforcement agency is dependent realistically, a crime rate could be considered on the public for the information it needs to a oount of victims. During the 1960's, the ing prosecution as of February 1, 1970. pursue an investigation. If it were unknown crime rate increased 120 percent while our Fines, savings, and recoveries recorded or in discredit, its investigations would population rose 13 percent. Since 1960, each in FBI-investigated cases increased quickly reflect this. citizen's risk of becoming a victim of crime nearly $43 million during 1969, reach­ I read that he should retire because of his has more than doubled. Thus, the plight of ing a new all-time high total of $345,- age. I think this should be interpreted in the the crime victim should be of paramount 832,583. This averages out to $1.57 for light of the man. I have seen no lessening of interest to every law-abiding person. each $1 of FBI appropriated funds in his mental powers and I personally feel that While many victims are speciftcally picked 1969. i'f there were he would be the first to retire. by their orimlnal assailants, others are I am interested in efficiency in government as "chance" targets, 111-fated in being at the And the Bureau continued its preemi­ well as economy in government. Mr. Hoover wrong place Sit the wrong time. No one 1s nent position in providing training for could have retired at full pay some years ago, immune. As a rule, when criminal violence law enforcement officers throughout the so actually we are getting his services for strikes, any number o! things may happen Nation. Graduates of the FBI National nothing. I can't imagine a greater bargain. to the victim. He may be murdered. If not, Academy now number 5,635, including I read that he and his organization are he may receive serious injuries, suste.in a 175 from 40 foreign countries. Some 28 suspected of tapping the telephones of some sizable monetary loss, miss time from work, percent of those still active in law en­ Congressmen. I know from experience that incur costly medical and hospital expenses, this ls absolutely impossible. The F.B.I. and sutfer untold mental anguish. To some forcement occupy top executive positions scrupulously follows the U.S. Department of degree at least, his right to freedom and the in their agencies. Congress recently au­ Justice regulations on this and there were pursuit of happiness is violated. thorized an increase in the number of none made without the express authority, Meanwhile, if his assailant ls apprehended trainees at the academy and this will be not of Mr. Hoover, but of the Department of and cbarged, the full power of our judicial a significant boon to providing modem Justice for whom the F.B.I. ls an investiga­ processes ensues to protect his constitutional and well-trained officers to all levels of tive arm. rights. This is well and good. law enforcement. I read that he is not adjusting to the times. But, how about the victim? Frequently, J. How can this be said when both he and his the compassion he may receive from the in­ Mr. Speaker, Edgar Hoover is unique. agency have steadily and most successfully vestigating enforcement ofiicers, his famlly, There will never be another like him. He adjusted with the times since 1924? and friends is the only concern expressed in has remained above politics in a city in I read that he should have been grooming his behalf. Indeed, .tn some instances, the which politics is its own worst enemy. We a. successor. Who says he hasn't? But his crime victim witnesses organized campaigns can never expect any bureau chief to successor, when that time comes, will be ap­ CJ! propaganda to build sympathy for hf.S have a tenure nearly as long as the 47 pointed by the President, the Attorney Gen­ guility assailant, campaigns of lies and innu­ great years of J. Edgar Hoover. Future era.I, and by Congress. Does any one think endoes which charge that the criminal, not Directors will find themselves subjected they would necessarily select a person who the victim or the law-abiding publlc, is the had been publicly groomed as a successor? I one who has been "sinned against." The to immense political pressures and they doubt it. tragedy 1s tJhat in some instances these false will often ask themselves-"How did J. In summation, I feel that I can attest that claims a.re repeated and publicized Wi•thout Edgar Hoover ever do it?" Only he can Mr. Hoover is an &ble executive, and admin­ question by various means, apparently for no provide the answer, but we all can add istrator with 'few peers in Government, and reason other than that those doing so want the advice that "It sure wasn't easy." May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14537 So I am proud on this anniversary of forms; one was an application for pardon GENOCIDE BY TURKEY his great service to salute J. Edgar Hoo­ and the other was an amnesty oath. ver for 47 years of service as Director of Other records show that Robert E. Lee HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE the FBI and I wish him the very best in filled out the pardon ·application and sent it to U. S. Grant, ignorant until months later OF MASSACHUSETTS the future. The entire Nation should be of the additionally required amnesty oath. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forever grateful and I am fortunate to When he learned a.bout that, he quickly a.p­ have this opportunity to express my re­ peared before a notary in Lexington, signed Tuesday, May 11, 1971 spect and gratitude. it, and serut irt to Washington. Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I was struck Then it disappeared until now. It was long supposed that General Lee wasn't pardoned recently by the tragic connection be­ mainly because he never had signed the tween two articles I read concerning the RESTORATION OF FULL CITIZEN­ amnesty oath. But if the newly discovered country of Turkey. SHIP FOR GEN. ROBERT E. LEE document, in mint condition, is genuine, The first, which I am sure many Mem­ then the mystery deepens a.bout why General bers of this body also read, appeared in Lee was never "rehabilitated." Why the two the Washington Post, April 24, 1971, and required forms never got together in Wash­ reported the previous day's demonstra­ HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. ington is baffling. Could the missing docu­ tions here by Armenians in memory of ment have been lost casua.lly in some bu­ OF vmGINIA reaucratic shuffie? the more than 600,000 of their country­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Whatever the true story about the docu­ men massacred by the Turks in 1915. The second article, by William Schulz, Tuesday, May 11, 1971 ment, its disappearance, and its reappear­ ance after more than a century, Sen. Harry F. appears in the May edition of the Read­ Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, Byrd, Jr., of Virginia. has introduced a joint er's Digest and is entitled "Let's Halt the National Observer on May 10 pub­ resolution to restore General Lee's "full citi­ Heroin at the Source." It records the at­ lished an interesting article by Earle zenship rights" posthumously. Sena.tor Byrd's tempts the United States has made to Dunford on the subject of the effort to father, along with Sen. John F. Kennedy and halt the heroin traffic into this country win full citizenship rights, posthumously, Sen. Hubert Humphrey, introduced similar by appealing to the source of much of the resolutions, but these always seemed to get for Gen. Robert E. Lee. lost in committees. problem-the Government of Turkey. The article correctly points out that Rep. Joel Broyhill, a Republican, led the This article records the obvious disinter­ President Nixon has taken the position Virginia congressional delegation in a futile est of the Turkish Government in taking that restoration of full citizenship can­ attempt to get President Nixon to do some­ any action to halt its production of not be restored by Executive action. thing for the general. The White House did opium which accounts for 80 percent of This confirms my own view. From the some checking and said that the President the heroin which eventually lands on outset, I have maintained that full jus­ would like very much to oblige, but that "our these shores. tice to General Lee can be achieved only research reveals that on Dec. 25, 1868, Presi­ Mr. Speaker, 200,000 American addicts dent Andrew Johnson issued a proclamation are literally killing themselves, and in by congressional action. Accordingly, I which granted full pardon and amnesty un­ have introduced Senate Joint Resolution many cases innocent others, because of conditionally and without reservation to all In 68, which would accomplish this pur­ persons who participated in the Civil War." heroin addiction. addition, they are pose. The conclusion was that Mr. Nixon couldn't running up an annual crime bill that Senate Joint Resolution 68 is cospon­ think of any way to go beyond what Andrew probably exceeds $10 billion. sored by my colleague from Virginia Johnson had already done. Just as the Turks of 1915 committed (Mr. SPONG) and the Senator from Dela­ Mr. Byrd credited an article by Elmer Oris genocide on the 600,000 or more Arme­ ware (Mr. BoGas). I hope that early ac­ Parker, assistant director of Old Military Rec­ nians of that day, so too is the Turkish ords at the National Archives, with springing Government of 1971 committing genocide tion will be taken on the proposed the news about the new document. The ar­ legislation. on hundreds of thousands of Americans ticle appeared in the winter 1970 issue of through its callous refusal to close the Mr. Dunford's article is a thorough re­ Prologue, the journal of the National opium fields which produce the raw ma­ view of the circumstances surrounding Archives. the Lee citizenship issue. Actually, even the pardon application went terial transported to Marseille, France, astray and is missing now. Its existence and for refinement into the heroin that is I ask unanimous consent that the text smuggled into the United States. of the article, "Virginians Trying To Re­ the text of it are well known from other rec­ ords. Mr. Parker states in his Prologue article The slaughter of the Armenians in habilitate Robert E. Lee," be printed in that "Secretary of State William H. Seward Turkey in 1915 reportedly was the first the Extensions of Remarks. gave Lee's application to a friend as a sou­ example of genocide in modern times. There being no objection, the article venir and his oath was evidently pigeon­ Much of the cruelty inherent in that act was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, holed." is manifested today by the Turkish Gov­ as follows: A number of official documents of this ernment concerning the opium problem. VIRGINIANS TRYING To REHABll..ITATE period somehow "escaped" Federal custody I believe this body should study this ROBERT E. LEE and are in possession of collectors. Occasion­ ally, some are offered for sale. National situation closely and then should re­ (By Earle Dunford) Archivists hope that someday Robert E. Lee's examine our longstanding acceptance of (I, Robert E. Lee, of Lexington, Virginia, pardon application will turn up so tbiat the theory that Turkey is our ally. do solemnly swear, in the p.resence of Al­ it may at last join the newly found amnesty We know Turkey is a component of mighty God, that I will henceforth faith­ oath as it should have 100 years ago. NATO, and that in a world that increas­ fully support, protect and defend the Con­ After General Lee's futile effort to obtain ingly seems hostile to the United States stitution of the United States, and the Union pardon, the Fourteenth Amendment was of rthe States thereunder, and that I wiU, in she always carries the label pro-Ameri­ adopted making it necessary that a two­ can. like manner, abide by and faithfully support thirds majority of both Houses of Congress all laws and proclamations which have been approve full citizenship for former Federal But of what value is an ally on the made during the existing rebellion with officers who had subsequently fought for the international level if our Nation itself is reference to the emancipation of slaves, so South. eaten away from within? And make no help me God.-R. E. Lee.) A spokesman for Senator Byrd said earlier mistake, that is what the drug-related There it lay, a document dated Oct. 2, attempts to get Congress to pardon General crime problem is doing to our once great 1865, under the astonished but discerning Lee failed mainly because of apathy and, once, cities. When it becomes too dangerous eye of a National Archives staffer in Wash­ because some Southern historical groups and disagreeable for the public in these ington, D.C. It was a document no one living feared irreverent Northerners and others had known existed, part of a historical mys­ cities, the public will desert them and the might say disrespectful things about him cities will die. tery. It seemed to be the Confederate chief­ during congressional consideration of the tain's oath of amnesty, required by Presi­ measure. The tragedy of all this is that so much dential decree before Southern leaders could Whether the general's rehabilitation is im­ of it could be halted if the Government be pardoned and restored to citizenship. minent still isn't clear. But Southerners of Turkey woUld cooperate. But Robert E. Lee was never pardoned. To know why General Lee was never pardoned: It should be emphasized that what we obtain pardon, Confederate leaders were re­ "It was that damned Seward!" snaps an un­ are asking would not be a body blow to quired to fill out and sign two Government reconstructed Richmond newspaperman. the Turkish economy. This Nation's CXVII--914-Part 11 14538 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971

Cabinet Committee on Heroin, headed by PRETTY POPPIES munists threatened a takeover after World Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, discovered that For 2000 years the farmers of the desolate War II. Every bit as serious, said the Presi­ legal exports of opium amount to less Anatolian Highlands of southwestern Turkey dent, was t he threat now posed to the United than one-third of 1 percent of Turkey's have eked out an existence by growing wheat, States by Turkish heroin. This brought no barley and opium. The seeds of the opium action from Demirel. foreign trade. poppy are used in cooking; the stalks are fed Then the American ambassador at Ankara, This is a damning indictment of the to livestock. Adults swallow tiny bits of op­ William J. Handley, was instructed to ap­ Turkish Government since it indicates ium as a pain-killer and cold remedy. But proach Demirel with an extraordinary deal. that the Government's uncooperative­ there is no addiction. '!'he proposal: Turkey to announce an end to ness results from its desire to protect The crop is planted in the fall. By spring, opium production; the spring-1970 crop to those who are engaged in the illegal ex­ fields of beautiful poppies-white, hlue and be plowed under; Demirel to be given $5 port of opium. red-bloom throughout the region. A few million to compensate the growers. Mr. Speaker, it is time for this body weeks after the petals fall, the farmer makes Again, Demirel demurred. A native of an incision in the pod and "milks" the plant. Isparta province, in the heart of the opium and this Government to reassess our view A white substance--opium-seeps out and country, he argued that his constituents of Turkey. Unless immediate action is hardens. A day la.ter, it is scraped off and "would call me an American lackey." taken by the Turkisl: Government to halt rolled into sticky, malodorous balls. Demirel did agree to reduce the number the cold blooded opium traffic that is de­ Theoretically, the opium is to be sold only of opium-growing provinces from nine to bilitating the United States and slaugh­ to Toprak, a monopoly Of the Turkish gov­ seven-and then to four in 1972. But Ameri­ tering our people, I can see no reason for ernment which supplies pharmaceutical -can omcials found little to cheer about. continuing the charade that Turkey is houses throughout the world. There ls little As the House crime committee noted: "To our friend. effort to police distribution, however, and placate the United States, the Turkish gov­ We in this Chamber can no longer af­ much of the crop goes into illicit channels. ernment has merely weeded out the ineffi­ Amerioan and Turkish omcials know the cient opium-producing areas." Indeed, De­ ford to simply decry the drug problem. names of the major opium brokers, but can mirel's own government estimated that We must, at the very least, identify the do little. The dealers operate through front opium production would increase by 25 per­ opposition and then let that realization men and dummy corporations; insulated by cent this year.• be reflected in our daily decisions on aid, aides and bodyguards, they never hand.le the DRASTIC MEASURES trade, and other measures which affect stuff themselves. Frustrated by its inability to move the that country. Once collected, the opium is boiled down Turks, the United States turned to the Mr. Speaker, the depth of this problem to an odorless morphine base, which reduces United Nations Commission on Narcotic and the intransigency of the Turkish its bulk by 90 percent, and smuggled to Drugs. There, John E. Ingersoll, director of Government are spelled out concisely in Marseille, Fmnce. Some of its goes by sea, but the U.S. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous in recent years most of it has moved over­ Mr. Schulz' article in the Reader's Digest. Drugs, urged a drastic revision of interna­ land by automobile. The cars, with hidden tional law to replace current "voluntary" I am submitting it for the RECORD at this storage panels and false-bottom gas tanks, time, in the fervent hope that my col­ drug controls with tough, enforceable stand­ are generally driven through Bulgaria and ards. U.N. reaction was disappointing. Com­ leagues will not only read it but also will Yugoslavia., to exit at the Italian or Austrian munist and neutral nations tend to shrug off give serious consideration to my sugges­ border. "It makes it impossible to tall them," drugs as a "U.S. problem," and attempts to tion that we begin to reassess our view says a weary U.S. agent. "The communists let amend international drug statutes are likely of the Turkish Government. I am also them operate with impunity." to take years. submitting the Washington Post article In Marseille, the morphine is delivered to "For the present," says a key Washington on the Armenian demonstration of last COrsican gangsters, who maintain some dozen omcial, "it all comes down to Turkey." Thus laboratories for converting it into heroin. discussions of the "Turkish problem" con­ month. From Marsellle it 1s smuggled into.the United [From the Reader's Digest, May, 1971] tinue at the highest levels of government. States by international tra.ftl.ckers who supply Among other things, U.S. omcials have dis­ LET'S HALT HEROIN AT THE SoURCE the Cosa Nostra and other crime syndicates. cussed an economic embargo on Turkey or (By William Schulz) The profits of the trade are enormous. a cessation of all Turkish aid. Both moves The kilo (2.2 pounds) of morphine base that have been rejected, at least for now, for fear (NoTE.-Eighty percent of the drug tha.t is sold for $350 in Istanbul is worth ten times poisoning our cities originates in the poppy they might bring down a seemingly pro­ that once it is converted into heroin in Mar­ American government without ending opium fields of Turkey. The Turkish government re­ seille. Smuggled into the United States, its fuses to cut off the flow. Has the time come production. wholesale price triples to $10,000. Cut and re­ Turkey cannot afford to miscalculate the to re-appraise this ally?) cut, it will ultimately bring $250,000 in A 26-year-old Vietnam veteran lies fatally mood of the American people much longer. street sales-more than 700 times the orlginal Late last year, the House of Representatives wounded in a. New York gutter, the victim of price in Turkey. knife-wielding addicts who needed money to approved legislation giving the President buy heroin. Authorities report that half the DIPLOMATIC DEAD END power to cut off aid to any nation "not fully city's crime is committed by desperate ad· From the day he entered the White House, cooperating" with us in ending the interna­ dicts who must finance ha.bits that require as President Nixon declared war on drugs. A tional drug tramc. Supporters of the amend­ much as $50,000 a year each. tough, onetime Assistant U.S. Attorney, ment made clear that it was aimed at Tur­ In Phtladelphia, the son of well-to-do par­ Myles J. Ambrose, 'MlS appointed Commis­ key. ents dies of a heroin overdose. Five times as sioner Of Customs, and the nation's first line As the months go by, as heroin continues many Philadelphians are dying from drugs as of defense against major drug smugglers was to flood the nation, even more drastic meas­ from combat in Vietnam. beefed up. The budget of the Bureau of Nar­ ures are being considered-including re­ In Mia.mi, police arrest a teenage pusher cotics and Dangerous Drugs was doubled. evaluation of Turkey's very worth as an ally. who makes $60,000 a year peddling heroin And for the first time a U.S. President ele­ "It is time to decide," says one government and other drugs. vated narcotics to the highest foreign-policy leader, "if the solution to our drug crisis In crowded ghettos a.nd a.ftluent suburbs, level. A Cabinet committee on heroin, headed does not outweigh the military and strategic in college towns a.nd rural hamlets, the tal­ by Henry A. Kissinger, White House adviser benefits of our Turkish a.ma.nee. For, until cum-like powder called heroin is taking an on national-security affairs-and including she acts, Turkey must share the blame for awesome toll. Two hundred thousand Amer­ representatives of the Central lntelllgence the deaths of thousands of young Ameri- ican addicts are literally killlng themselves; Agency-was given one order: stop the fl.ow cans.'' in the process, they are running up an an­ of heroin. nual crime bill that proba.bly exceeds $10 Obviously, Turkey was the key to the prob­ TtraKS HERE PICKETED BY ARMENIANS billion. lem. While opium can be grown in many (By PauI Hodge) Behind the ruined llves and the soaring areas of the world, an end to Turkish pro­ Most of Washington's small community of crime ls the shocking fact that American duction would force illicit tra.mckers to addicts are fed. by a valued ally: 80 percent of Armenian-Americans turned out last night spend years developing additional supply to demonstrate near the Turkish Embassy, the nation's heroin originates in Turkey, a sources and setting up new routes to the in memory of the more than 600,000 Ar­ cornerstone of NATO, a loyal supporter of United States. To their surprise, committee menians massacred by the Turks in 1915. American foreign policy. members learned that legal exports of opium "Cut off the Turkish supply," President More than 300 persons, including 2- and 3- amount to less than one third of one percent year-olds with posters declaring "I am an Nixon has said privately, "and you've gone of Turkey's foreign trade. Turkey, clearly, a long way toward ending the drug crisis." Armenian," marched at the corner of Mas­ But the "Turkish problem," as it is known could get out of the business with almost no sachusetts Avenue and 24th Street NW dur­ gingerly in omc:lal Washington, has proved economic distress. ing the rush-hour start of their four-hour enonnously frustrating. Despite the Presi­ President Nixon wrote a personal letter to demonstration. dent's personal attention, despite extraordi­ Turkey's prime minister, Suleyman Demlrel, nary efforts a.t high-level negotiation, the reminding him that it was the United States •On March 12, 1971, Demirel was forced deadly flow of Turkish heroin continues. that came to Turkey's rescue when the com- out of omce by the Turkish military. May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14539 "Hitler asked 'who still talks about the Wildlife Service predator control pro­ death by a fraction of an inch. Evidence in­ extermination of the Armenians?' We do," gram. dicated the gun had been set by a Govern­ said a poster carried by a young girl who Under the guise of protecting sheep ment trapper. The gun had not been author­ speaks Armenian but has never visited the ized by the U.S. Forest Service, which con­ country that was divided between Russia and cattle ranches from predators, the trolled the land in the area. and Turkey in 1920. Fish and Wildlife Service is wiping out Etter was also angered by the desultory "The Turks still refuse to admit anything large numbers of coyotes, mountain lions, Fish and Wildlife investigation into his happened in 1915," said Mark Keshishian, a bobcats, wolves, foxes, badgers, skunks, dog's death, an investigation which only leading Oriental rug dealer here, who said raccoons, beavers, opossums, and por­ accidentally turned up the fact that Etter's he lost 35 members of his family and escaped cupines. I need not tell Senators of the own township was studded with 1080 stations himself only because he was out of the coun­ importance of these animals to the bal­ and poisonous gadgetry despite its proximity try at the time. to Aspen. One result had been the drastic "It was the first genocide of modern time," ance of nature. reduction of the area's coyote population said Mr. Keshishian, his words echoed in In the second of a series of articles (not to mention the area's pet dog popula­ posters and leaflets handed to slowly passing published in Sports Illustrated, Jack tion) and, as a result, the proliferation of motorists. Olsen discloses widespread violations of malnourished and stunted deer, some 600 "About 1.5 or 2 million Armenians were Federal poisoning regulations by Fish of them on 3 ¥.i miles of overgrazed. winter murdered (historians estimate at least 600,- and Wildlife personnel. It is this kind of range. Coyote getters, with the dye markings 000 died). There are hardly any left in Tur­ irresponsible action that causes the of the Fish and Wildlife Service, seemed to key today, maybe 30,000 in Istanbul and an­ unwarranted deaths of precious wildlife. be as common as mushrooms in the town­ other 30,000 elsewhere. They are not officially ship, and strychnine drop baits were being persecuted ... but unofficially, yes." I ask unanimous consent that Mr. sown like seed. Etter wrote, "In a single One of the elders of Washington's com­ Olsen's article be printed in the RECORD. county, one or more infractions of 10 differ­ munity of about 50o-600 Armenians, Mr. There being no objection, the article ent Wildlife Services ground rules were iden­ Keshishian visited Turkey in 1959, following was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tified. These infractions related to both sum­ a. visit to Russia the year before when he was as follows: mer and winter operations and involved two met by then Premier Anastas Mikoyan, also different poisoners, a subdistrict supervisor, Armenian-born. POISONING OF THE WEST: PART 2-A LITTLE BIT GOES A LONG WAY a state supervisor and, indirectly, a regional "There a.bout 4.5 million Armenians in inspector." Russia today, and they are treated very (By Jack Olsen) But far more significant than the individ­ nicely," says Keshishian. If the sincere conservationist ls disturbed ual infractions was the pattern unearthed The closely-knit Armenian families here by the poison saturation of the American in Etter's own backyard by a man who was and around the country-"the whole city of West by sheep ranchers, he may take some himself a field representative of the Defend­ Fresno, Calif., is Armenian ... there must small comfort from the fact that such free­ ers of Wildlife and a longtime thorn in the be 1.5 million Armenians in America," says lance poisoning has ileen made illegal in a side of poisoners. "If there ls one area of Anne Atanosian, who carried a black few states. Lamentably, the sheepmen's the United States where we might expect wreath-are calling for Turkish admission of power remains so great, that hardly any of Wildlife Services to be on its good behavior, _,gullt and hopefully someday, to return to these antipolsoning laws are enforced, but it should be in Pitkin County, Colo.," Etter historic Armenian territories. at least they are on the books. wrote. "There are two reasons: first, because "It's llke the Jews resettling in Israel," But what of the public poisoning Estab­ it is one of the most important recreational said one placard bearer, "The United States lishment, the official earth polluters, the .areas of the entire nation, and second, be­ helped them and maintains their independ­ men o::: the Wildlife Services division under cause I make my office there, and one CJf my ence, and President Wilson promised us sup­ the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, those projects is to study the federal predator­ port." President Wilson, to whose house at dedicated public servants who preach a.bout control program. Wildllfe Services is well 2340 S St. NW they also marched on their the wonders of wildlife and the wisdom of aware of this fact. If the agency cannot con­ way past the Turkish Embassy, asked the nature? To cite just one year-1963-these trol what happens in this county, then the United States to make Armenia a protected professional poisoners and trappers killed chances are excellent that it cannot con­ mandate territory. 90,000 coyotes, 300 mountain lions, 21,000 trol any part of its western killing cam­ Thousands of Americans are expected to bobcats and lynx, 2,800 "red wolves," 800 paign." protest at the United Nations in New York bears, 24,000 foxes, 7,000 badgers, 19,000 Anyone who makes the most cursory study today, the anniversary of the beginning of skunks, 10,000 raccoons, 1,200 beavers, 7,600 of the toxification of the American West the massacre in 1915, demanding that Turkey opossums, 6,700 porcupines and 600 others. soon becomes accustomed to the sight of be punished under provisions of the genocide {These figures, no longer readily available the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's district convention. to the general public, do not include many field assistants (DFAs) sallying out on the Here on Sunday, the ancient chants of the other animals that dined at poison stations attack every morning without the slightest Armenian Orthodox liturgy will resound and staggered a.way to die untabulated.) regard for their own rules and regulations. throughout Washington Cathedral at a spe­ Were all these deaths necessary? Were they But one also learns quickly that the rules cial service commemorating the 1915 mas­ ecologically justified? Or were they part of a and regulations of the service do not seem sacre. runaway killing program that years a.go lost to have been intended seriously in the first Dean of the cathedral, the Very Rev. Fran­ its sc!entific justification and now rushes place, that they exist largely for the pur­ cis B. Sayre Jr., and the Right Rev. Papken on like an v.nbraked train? Dr. Alfred Etter, pose of camouflage and that DFAs and their Varjabedian, pastor of St. Mary's Armenian a distinguished naturalist, has studied the supervisors honor them almost entirely in Apostolic Church here, will conduct a com­ federal poisoning program more closely than the breach. bined commission service at 11 a..m. Bishop anyone, and his conclusions are not very en­ Take, for example, the broadca.sting of Va.rja.bedian in announcing the services, said couraging. strychnine drop ba.its. Although strychnine the cathedral is of special signl:fl.cance to One wintery night Etter lost his dog to kills less discrimina.ntly than the fearsome Armenians because President Wilson is bur­ poison, probably the supertoxlc 1080. The 1080, the drop baits in which it is used are led there. angered biologist immediately set about a highly perishable in warm weather, making one-man investigation of U.S. Fish and Wild­ it a safer outdoor poison. But as though to life Service poisoning policies in his own counteract this safety factor, Government neighborhood, Pitkin County, Colo., which poisoners distribute stryohnine drop baits THE POISONING OF THE WEST­ includes within its borders the popular resort everywhere. According to official records, over PART II of Aspen. His research turned up wholesale six million of the sugar-and-lard-coated violations of almost every rule 1n the serv­ pellets have been sown by Government trap­ ice's own book. "The infractions," Etter wrote pers in the last 10 years. The baits are dis­ HON. LEE METCALF later, "included placement of compound 1080 tributed by hand, by snowmobile, by pickup poison baits and cyanide guns on Bureau truck, by trail bike and by airplane. Along OF MONTANA CJf Land Management and Forest Service with the other millions of poison pills put IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES lands without authorization, placement of out by private stockmen, they a.re annihilat­ Tuesday, May 11, 1971 guns on prime recreational land without ing animals and birds that were protected notifying the owner, leaving of baits out over by natural conditions for thousands of dec­ Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, in Viet­ the summer sea.son, failure to post warnin~ ades. "When you spread strychnine across nam we kill innocent people while con­ signs, failure to keep accurate records and all that area in the winter, you might just ducting saturation bombings. When our other equally serious offenses." Etter found as well forget wildllfe," says a retired Gov­ Armed Forces defoliate, they use so much that there was com,plete confusion within t.he ernment predator trapper, Charles Orlosky. Fish and Wildlife Service as to where its "The only thing that'll survive is a few defoliant that they turn jungles · into own poisons were located, and while his rodents in hibernation." mud-holes and maim civilians. disclosures were being published in Defend­ Characteristically, the U.S. Fish and Wild­ Overzealous destruction of life can also ers of Wildlife News, a hiker named Martin life Service has elaborate rules about the use be found in the United States, specifically Carswell accidentally pulled a cyanide gun of strychnine baits, and it displays them at in the Interior Department's Fish and on Burnt Mountain near Aspen and escaped the drop of a complaint so that the public 14540 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 may see how carefully such lethal agents are hesitate to establish 1080 stations where they trol, because it fells many animals that would controlled. "Strychnine alkaloid tablets ... have neither sought nor received authoriza­ be hibernating in the winter. But apparently must not be dropped from aircraft without tion, nor are they reluctant to lay out deadly something had to be done about the stock­ the Regional Director's approval," the rules baits in areas where sheep populations are men's rising losses, and the supervisor sprang state. "Care must be taken to prevent expo­ nonexistent or negligible and predation all into action. sure of perishable baits to domestic animals, but unknown. The situation brought to mind a statement pets, and beneficial wildlife. All perishable Every control meeting between poisoners by Charles Orlosky a few years earlier. bait placements must be covered with cow and sheepmen begins and ends With the same "When I was trapping for the Government," chips, fiat stones, or similar loose material, admonition: "Be sure to keep the forest Orlosky had said, "a lot of sportsman pres­ or placed in such a manner as to reduce ranger and the public-land manager in­ sure built up over the trapping of bears. hazards to nontarget species." formed of your predator loss." Each time a The sportsmen said we were taking too many, But Government trappers would go into district field assistant calls on a stockman, and so the service decided to show them paroxysms of laughter if they were asked he reminds him of the need for statistics. The how many bears were taking sheep. They when they last positioned a drop bait under result of this monotonous reiteration is not sent out instructions to take out the stomach a cow chip or a flat stone. "They ain't enough surprising. The figures come in by the mile. of every bear we trapped, tie it up, soak it cow flops in the whole West to cover all the Sheepmen, eager to publicize their troubles in formaldehyde and send it into headquar­ baits," says a retired DFA. to the world, compile horrifying lists of losses, ters. My own boss, when he told me about One of the reasons Charles Orlosky re­ anticipated losses and possible losses. The this, said that I should be sure and put signed from his job as Government trapper U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service feeds the some wool in the stomach before I sealed in western Colorado was the aerial seeding statistics into its computers and works up it up. In that way there wouldn't be any of strychnine. "One day they called me up its programs accordingly. The result is a gal­ doubt about what bears ate. They told and told me to make 5,000 drop baits,'' Or­ loping Parkinsonism that would drive a pri­ trappers to do the same thing with coyotes. lasky recalls. "They said they were gonna vately financed organization out of business I couldn't go for that, so I never sent in any drop 'em from an airplane on national forest within months. Every year the reported stock stomach at all. But it wasn't surprising that land. So I told 'em to go to hell. I said it's losses rise, the Wildlife Services budget climbs all the reports came out showing that a high against regulations and I'm not gonna do proportionately and the population of larger percentage of bears and coyotes were killers. it. They said not to worry, there was nothing wild animals sinks to a new low. With each The flellows that were honest wouldn't send but coyotes where they were gonna make the drop in the populations, there is an increase the stomachs in, and those stomachs that drop. I had to laugh. I asked if they ever in the efficiency of the poisoners and of the were sent in mostly had wool in them. heard of birds? Why, the second that one of devices they employ. They're still quoting those old figures today." those paper sacks of baits hits the ground The researcher who attempts a study o! Armed with such deliberate distortions, it opens up and throws the strychnine balls predator-control statistics is asking !or a spokesmen for the federal poisoning program all over, and the birds pick 'em up and fin­ massive headache. If ever figures seemed to seek larger budgets from a misled Congress, ish the job of scattering. They call this selec­ be manipulated to produce predetermined and the end result is fiscal irresponsibility tive poisoning. I call it extermination." results, it is the figures of the Wildlife Serv­ on an imposing scale. In Colorado, the annual Lately, the Fish and Wildlife Service has ices. For years the statisticians of the poison­ Wildlife Services kill dropped 20 % , from been carrying out its extensive drop baiting ing Establishment furnished summary re­ 10,200 wild animals in 1967 to 8,200 wild on a sub-rosa basis to avoid public criticism. ports on the total numbers of "predators" animals in 1970, while the budget was rising There hasn't been a significant embarrass­ killed annually, but a few years ago they by $30,000. In 18 national forests in Calif'or­ ment since a predator-control agent named abandoned this practice as poor public rela­ nia, the value of sheep lost in 1962 was Vern Tuttle was loading 1,500 drop baits into tions and began emphasizing their reports on $3,500 and the cost of federal predator­ an airplane and one fell on the ground. Be­ "resource losses"-as compiled from figures control programs a walloping $90,000. fore Tuttle could intervene his own dog provided by those old reliable, the stockmen But the Wildlife Services does not deal gulped the bait down and died. The story and trappers. Says Small Game Supervisor exclusively in the extermination of predators; was later printed in a Colorado newspaper, to Robert Tully of the Colorado Department of it also puts out tons of 1080-treated grain the chagrin of the Fish and Wildlife Service. Game, Fish and Parks: "I never did like the and other poisons to kill off the rodents that The accidental misplacement of baits could federal reporting system in the first place. seem to be gaining the upper paw in the be tragedy enough, but even more serious is They used to report that they took so many West. It is difficult to imagine a more flertile the attitude reflected all too clearly by the bears, so many coyotes, so many foxes, and area for bureaucratitis than the rodent­ poisoning methods, namely that neither then they'd report 'others.' Well, we wanted predator cycle. As Constance Helmericks Government nor private poisoners have the to know what 'others' were. Were they pine wrote in Defenders of Wildlife News: "The slightest intention of following the rules. martens? Fishers? Where were they killed, coyote-rodent cycle is perhaps the real main­ A Montana state senator named Arnold and under what circumstances? Now they've stay of the extermination business. When Rieder decided to test this theory. He intro­ switched to nothing but livestock losses. properly exploited, this cycle can be exceed­ duced legislation that superficially seemed There are political implications in this. They ingly productive for a self-perpetuating absurd, for it simply required the U.S. Fish don't want the public to know how many bureaucracy. If' you poison a great many and Wildlife Service to obey its own regula­ bears and lions they are taking. I think this coyotes this year, you sow your own harvest tions as a matter of state law. Immediately should be a standard part of their reporting, of lovely rodent and ra.bbit colonies for the a bulletin went out from the Montana Wool and part of the public record. People contact next year, or soon thereafter." Growers Association to all members: "Sen­ us and want to know how many coyotes and U.S. Representative John Dingell of ator Rieder of Jefferson County has intro­ bears and lions Fish and Wildlife killed, and Michigan told a witness at a congressional duced Senate Blll 196, which places an un­ Fish and Wildlife won't tell us. We have to inquiry: "You folks in the Interior De­ necessary restriction on the use of poison for put pressure on them and demand the figures. partment have had some instances where the control of predatory a.nlmals. We were But how good are the figures when we get you cleaned out the coyotes very thoroughly unable to kill the bill in committee, and it them? Some of the Government trappers do in the area and followed up the next year has been reported out with a due pass label. additional trapping after hours. They are by being overrun with rodents and then had Passage of this bill would greatly restrict the paid by private landowners to take additional to conduct a fairly extensive rodent program use of poison for coyote control and would animals. These aren't reported in any man­ to bring the population back into balance.'• prohibit it in some cases. The senate will vote ner, either on their reports to their agency By no means could instances cited by on the bill soon, and we need the support of or to us. And I'm talking about animals like Dingell be considered exceptional. The West your senator to kill the bill. Would you please bears and lions that under the law must be abounds in rangelands where rodents have wire him immediately..•. "Said an amazed reported to us. So you have to conclude that moved into the ecological vacuum left by Rieder when his bill lost: "It would only have Fish and Wildlife statistics don't mean a the annihilation of predators, and the Gov­ required them to follow their own rules I" whole lot." ernment poisoners are thus kept busy ex­ With the Wool Growers Association working Under the system of reporting resource terminating the rodents and thereby acci­ against him, he was defeated in the next elec­ losses, new heights of statistical comedy have dentally poisoning any furbearers that might tion. been scaled. In Arizona, stockmen listed $62,- wander back into the area. Nor is there any­ Says Alfred Etter: "The average Govern­ 000 damage by predators in 1966 and $63,000 thing new a.bout this peculiar procedure. ment poisoner may start out obeying the in 1967. In response to fervent appeals for Seven years ago a committee of distinguished rules but soon he is spending all his time more and better statistics, they doubled these wildlife scientists appointed by Secretary with sheepmen, and hearing their gory tales, figures in 1968, turning in loss reports of of the Interior Stewart Udall to examine the and he changes from a predator-control agent $126,000. In 1969 they more than doubled predator-control program observed, "It is Into a plain old-fashioned hunter. The hunt­ this new flgure--to $271,000. The state super­ curious that [Wildlife Services] will dis­ ing instinct takes over completely, and from visor of Wildlife Services reacted predictably tribute great quantities of 1080-treated then on all he wants to do is exterminate." to this news of horrifying loss. Extreme prob­ grain . . . in exactly the same areas where One irony is that DFAs and their super­ lems call for extreme measures, and the su­ they take elaborate precautions in their visors talk of being overworked, but press pervisor took one: he authorized the spring­ predoator-control program to protect car­ their attentions with supreme dedication on time use of 1080-baited carcasses for the first nivores other than the target species.... In even the most reluctant ranchers, ones who time in Arizona's history. Numerous studies many regions of the Western United States insist predators have a place and who en­ of 1080 have warned against the use of this where there are no sheep and where coyote courage their survival. Some poisoners do not poison on summer ranges for predator con- damage is negligible, the coyote nevertheless May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14541 has been essentially extirpated from treated actions a.re very human-and very Amer­ It was not lmmediately announced when areas as a secondary result of rodent-control ican. They have thrown themselves into their the executions would be carried out. programs. In addition to coyotes and badg­ work, and they have come to look on it as the At one stage armed troops had to force ers, uncounted numbers of bears, foxes, most important task in the world. For the back part of the crowd, which surged toward raccoons, skunks, opossums, eagles, hawks, most pa.rt they are uncomplicated, outdoors­ the handcuffed group. owls and vultures are exposed to possible lovlng men. They are not conversant with The crowd was told that the five ringlead­ secondary poisoning in these programs." ecological principles. They suffer from the ers, all of Arab descent, left Zanzibar in 1964 Carried away by the vigorous poisoning same insecurities as the rest of us. They have when the centuries-old Arab Sultanate was operations, DFAs and their programmers mortgage payments to meet, children to put overthrown in a bloody revolution which seem to lose their perspective about the through school, old age to anticipate. Like brought Sheikh Karume and his left-wing delicate checks and balances of nature and many other Americans, they a.re struggling to revolutionary council to power. An army of­ they settle down to the single-minded task get even, to get ahead, and then to stay ahead ficer told the rally that the 19 men-all Zan­ of killing predators, any predators, all preda­ for good, and such an existence leaves little zibaris--were seized last September. tors, all predators, without the slightest time for the study of subtle biological proc­ Sheikh Karume, who ls also first vice pres­ regard for the total biological picture. esses. There are too many coyotes to be killed, ident of Tanzania, earlier told a May-day "Not long ago," Dr. Etter recently wrote, too many sheepmen to be placated and too rally that the plotters had been caught "I found a line o'f coyote guns along a fence many stockmen clear on the other side of smuggling arms and ammunition into Zanzi­ line drifted with sand blown from an adja­ the state who need to be sold on the program. bar. cent field of watermelons. In these drifts the Thus the problem of the overmotlvated kangaroo rats had found the ha.bitat they poisoning proselytizer ls not so much that he desired. The coyotes thrived on the rats, and is intentionally engaged in a giant confidence "THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF PRI­ the poisoners thrived on the coyotes while game but that he has fallen for his own VATE INSTITUTIONAL FINANCIAL justifying their scheme by claiming to pro­ propaganda. and ls striving with the zeal of a tect the watermelons from the coyotes. Mean­ missionary to bring others under his spell. GRANTS, THE FEDERAL GOVERN­ while the watermelons lay rotting in the Nonetheless, his missionary zeal and his en­ MENT CAN STIMULATE ACA­ field, being largely unharvested because of thusiastic drive are having deleterious effects DEMIC EXCELLENCE, INNOVA­ their small size. The official report of this on the environment. Hts insecurities are en­ TION, REFORM, AND DIVERSITY" campaign would no doubt read: 'Coyotes are dangering future generations, both wild ani­ attacking melons and ca.using serious mal and human. losses.• " Etter also wrote: "One of the most How long will the poisoners be permitted HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE distressing evidences of Wildlife Services' to rush blindly ahead? Until all the wild ani­ lack of sensitivity to the environment ls its mals are gone? Or 75% of them? One recalls OF MASSACHUSETTS continued operation in areas where land has the comment of a Colorado Wildlife Conser­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been heavily overgrazed and eroded. Count­ vation officer, Louis Vidakovlch, who ts Tuesday, May 11, 1971 less observations have been made through­ watching the tragic performance from his out the Western states of this unfortunate front-row center seat: "There will be a day Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, one practice. These lands should not have live­ of reckoning. All that they are doing will of our most urgent national chal­ stock on them, much less poison. For exam­ collapse on them. I just hope there ls some lenges is to determine how the Federal ple, foxes are killed in large numbers on game left for us to manage." Government can most prudently and ef­ ruined sandy lands in West Texas and New to Mexico where rodents abound and where fectively act sustain the diverse ele­ livestock search vainly for feed. While the ments of higher education. federal control program spends money to ZANZIBAR: RACIAL SOLUTIONS Recently, on April 22, last, Dr. Glenn perpetuate a ruinous agriculture, ranching PROVOKE COUNTERREVOLUTION W. Ferguson, the distinguished presi­ losses are used as a tax deduction from vast dent of Clark University in Worcester, income from oil and gas derived from the Mass., addressed himself to the solution same property." Sometimes, it seems, only of this challenge in testifying before the the taxpayer loses, only the environment HON. JOHN R. RARICK OF LOUISIANA Educational Subcommittee of the U.S. suffers. Senate Committee on Labor and Pub­ To perpetuate such programs a._nd justify IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their high budgets and sprawling hierarchy lic Welfare. At this point I wish to in­ of personnel, Wildltfe Services spends some Tuesday, May 11, 1971 clude the very timely and thought­ of its annual $7 million budget on public re­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, last No­ provoking statement Dr. Ferguson pre­ lations, on newsletters and on publications vember I had commented on the bizarre sented to the subcommittee: aimed at exposing the predator menace. But STATEMENT BY GLENN W. FERGUSON the best public-relations agent in the poison­ attempts of Sheik Karume, the leading ing business-as in almost any bustness--ts commissar of Zanzibar, to abolish racial President Nixon has suggested that the the man in the field, the DFA who meets the differences in his multiracial colony by United States must provide "post secondary public and solves problems and gets the mid­ forcing the daughters of Arabs to marry education for all who aspire to it". This ts a night telephone calls 'from customers. These his black party chiefs. See CONGRESSIONAL commendable objective. The American people Government poisoners have a product to sell, are supporting a higher level of education RECORD, volume 116, part 28, page 38589, for more people than any society in history, and a large proportion of their working and "Racial Solutions in Zanzibar." nonworking hours are spent selling it, to the and the projected requirement to place dismay of conservationists. Today we learn that the same Com­ twelve million "aspiring" students in college "There is no justification for promotion of munist boss waved his ceremonial stick by 1980, has become one of our basic na­ predator control by federal employees, least over 19 accused counterrevolutionaries tional goals. of all those who depend upon this activity for on public exhibition at a May-day rally At the same time, twelve million Ameri­ their support," Alfred Etter testified before a and ordered them to be shot for treason. cans wlll not desire the same kind or level U.S. Congressional hearing in 1966. "The de­ Apparently the Arab fathers of the of higher education. The hallmark of Ameri­ mands already exceed the needs." kidnapped young women objected to can higher education has been diversity. As The five scientists of the U.S. Department their daughters being forced into white we realize the quantitative goal, we must of the Interior's study committee ca.me to the nurture the qualitative attributes which are same conclusion. slavery. produced by pluralism and diversity. "Too often [Wildlife Services] support and Objection to forced race mixing is con­ Today, approximately one-third of our encourage control decisions without critical sidered counterrevolutionary by Com­ 2,200 colleges and universities are public in­ appraiSal," their report noted. "At times they munists. stitutions. They enroll more than sixty per­ are known to solicit requests for control and I insert a news clipping: cent of the college students, and in another to propagandize against predators as a basts decade, they will enroll more than seventy (From the Washington (D.C.) Post, May 10, percent. Each of seventy universities in for such solicitation." 1971) Former Government Trapper Paul Maxwell America, predominantly public institutions, put it forcefully: "Every damn one of those ZANZIBAR'S LEADER ANNOUNCES PLANS To ExE­ enrolls in excess of 20,000 students. Clearly, trappers ts a. Fuller Brush man selling poison. CUTE 19 ARRESTED IN COUP PLOT the trend is toward the large, public uni­ The whole predator-control operation is noth­ ZANZIBAR.-Sheikh Abeid Ka.rume told a versity, and current financial realities en­ ing but a sales pitch by the Federal Govern­ cheering crowd of several thousand yesterday hance the growth potential of the large and ment to keep that bunch off the brea.dllnes, that 19 men who plotted to overthrow his public combination. to keep them out in the sunshine hunting revolutionary government would be shot for While publlc universities are increasing and shooting and poisoning and enjoying treason. enrollments, the multi-versity is under at­ themselves at the public expense." "There will be no pardon," he declared. tack. Many contemporary students are Some would agree with Maxwell, but it ts brandishing his ceremonial stick over the 19 "turned off" by the relatively de-humanized an oversimpllficatlon to indict the federal accused counter-revolutionaries who were large university, and some are "searching for trappers personally. In many ways, their re- paraded before the rally. relevance" in smaller colleges or outside of 14542 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 the educational system. Of equal importance, the projected twelve million college students of mind" attitude about matters which a significant percentage of faculty members are to be educated, as well as trained, and are not consistently brought to our at­ are beginning to recognlze that the multi­ if academic standards of excellence are to be versity has failed generally to produce the supported, the Federal· Government must tention. The fact exists that today more cross-fertilization of ideas, the inner-disci­ assume the leadership. than 1,550 American servicemen are plinary programs, and the academic innova­ If Federal financial support continues, in listed as prisoners or missing in South­ tion and reform which were anticipated. the traditional format, the heterogeneity of east Asia. The wives, children, and The Secretary of Health, Education and American higher education will be in jeop­ parents of these men have not forgotten Welfare, Mr. Richardson, has stated that col­ ardy. If the Federal Government does not and I would hope that my colleagues in leges and universities are "among the most provide a larger percentage of fina.ncial a.-5- Congress and our countrymen across inefficient institutions in the country". As a sistance to private institutions, rather than student of business and public administra­ treating public and private colleges and uni­ America will not neglect the fact that all tion, I challenge that statement. At the same versities in parity, the number and diversity men are not free for as long as one of time, I recognize that a degree of ineffi­ of colleges will decline, the large wlll grow our number is enslaved. I insert the name ciency, poor communication, and lack of larger, and the remaining private colleges of one of the missing. relevance, which are associated with the will become havens for the socially and fi­ Major James Sheppard Morgan, U.S. Air multi-versity, has been made more acute nancially elite. Force, FV3026413, El Dorado, Arkansas. Mar­ by the nature of existing Federal aid pro­ Currently, most private colleges reflect ried and the father of four children. The son grams. curious mixtures of students from very af­ of Mrs. Harriett P. Morgan and the late David In prior years, Federal funding of higher fluent or from very impoverished circum­ A. Morgan, El Dorado, Arkansas. Officially education has tended to endorse projects stances. Unless institutional grants are listed as missing November 10, 1967. As of rather than institutions, fields of study rath­ awarded by the Federal Government, tuition today, Maj. Morgan has been missing in ac­ er than educational approaches, individual wlll continue to rise, and students from tion in Southeast Asia for 1,277 days. professors rather than outstanding institu­ middle-income families will disappear from tional leadership, research rather than op­ private colleges. As costs increase, the pri­ erating needs, and the growth of academic vate colleges will be unable to maintain the specialties rather than integrated academic requisite st udent financial assist ance levels programs. for minority and ot her low income students. DENTON, TEX. When Federal funds were available to If this occurs, t he private sphere wm no launch a new institute or academic unit, the longer offer the wide range of sizes, fields, multi-versity was prepared to add another standards, philosophies and reforms which HON. GRAHAM PURCELL academic feather. The results are manifest: must be preserved. OF TEXAS academic excellence in narrow substantive Given financial strictures, the Federal Gov­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fields, faculty withdrawal from student con­ ernment must consider a combination of in­ tact, and high-cost individual programs stitutional grants and direct loans and grants Tuesday, May 11, 1971 which cannot be maintained without exten­ to the individual st udent; however, unless Mr. PURCELL. Mr. Speaker, out.stand­ sive public subsidy. national higher educational priorities are ing examples of community spirit and To meet these criticisms, including the established, the status quo wlll be unaffected. inefficiency which results from isolation, the A recommended priority 1ncorporates Federal diligence are often found wanting in multi-versity is attempting to decantrallze support for private rat her than pu blic in­ these days of troubled cities. Many urban without losing administrative control. In vir­ stitutions. If aid were still based on total areas, once the hope of solid investments, tually every state, branches of the public enrollment, the large private colleges would are now merely bedroom communities­ universities are being established. In many grow larger and the smaller private colleges stagnant havens for Americans wearied cases, the branch units incorporate the al­ would atrophy. by unimaginative jobs and surroundings. leged anachronisms of the multi-versity. To obviate this development, the Federal I have come to recognize a city in my There is ·only limited opportunity f<>r inno­ Government might consider awarding a vation, curricular reform or close interaction basic institutional grant to each accredited district, however, as an exception to that between students and faculty. With low tui­ private college or university coupled with blighted picture. I firmly believe Denton, tion levels and excessive enrollment pres­ variable monetary increments reflecting na­ Tex., is one of those outstanding ex­ sures, the purposes of decentralization are tional priorities. In the United States, all amples of community spirit and diligence. being dltfused. colleges and universities were not created Today Denton is a progressive north As a nation, we are moving in the direction equal, even though the Federal Government Texas economic and cultural center. The of endorsing the idea that financial circum­ has treated them equally. At the national home of two fine universities, one of them stances should not be the pivotal factor 1n level, we should exercise judgment and at­ the alma mater of Miss America-a Den­ determining whether a student can pursue tempt to assign financial values to stipu­ his education beyond high school. To make lated educational objeot1ves. For example, if ton girl herself, this city has consistently that concept a viable reality for our young we feel that the Ph.D. recipient will continue shown the way in civic and economic de­ people, we must also endorse the philosophy to experience placement difficulties, we may velopment. Now 50 percent larger than that higher education, in a variety of forms, wish to award a financial bonus to those in 1960, Denton is not looking upon the will be available to each of them. The public private institutions which introduce inno­ increase as a burden. Rather, the city university is prepared to cope with part of vational professional programs, doctorates in now has greater capabilities. the problem, but the private university more "relevant" fields, or unique terminal must also fulfill its responsibilltles. degrees stressing the teaching dimension. An example of the spirit which is the We are aware of the pressures placed on Several variables exist, and in each case, hard backbone of this truly unusual Texas city State legislatures to fund public higher edu­ decisions would have to. be made concern­ is the development of its business sector. cation. We respect their efforts to respond, ing the future objectives of higher educa­ The Denton Chamber of Commerce is no and we realize that because of financial reali­ tion. Historically, the Federal Government store front operation. Like the citizens ties, it is extremely difficult for state gov­ has been reluctant to discharge this func­ of Denton, it is an aggressive and dy­ ernments to allocate resources to private in­ tion. namic institution. stitutions. I suggest that the Federal Gov­ Through the medium of private institu­ ernment review its priorities in an effort to tional financial grants, the Federal Govern­ Glancing through the Denton Record sustain diverse elements of higher educa­ ment can stimulate academic excellence, in­ Chronicle of April 25, I came across an tion. The small, private university needs novation, reform, and diversity. In addition article which suggests that spirit. As well help. It needs help now to meet the current to refiecting present values, American higher as boasting of companies such as Load­ demands for change. As qualified students education should continue to prepare some craft, Inc., Victor Equipment Co., and have the opportunity, through financial students for an unknown future. several strong banks such as the 1st State support, to broaden their choice of schools, Bank, Denton is the home of an insur­ the private institution must be able to re­ spond. ance company. Traditionally, it has been the responsi- LEST WE FORGET I am inserting the article in the REC­ blllty of the private school to innovate and ORD in an e1Iort to share the pride which to offer a broad range of academic programs. I have personally developed in Denton In recent years, both public and private col­ HON. CLARENCE E. MILLER and her business community. leges and universities have shared Federal OF OHIO [From the Denton Record Chronicle, dollars. Given current pressures, I am con­ Apr. 25, 1971] cerned that the Federal Government may IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES minlmlze its commitment to the private in­ Tuesday, May 11, 1971 LIFETIME SECURITY CONTINUES GROWTH stitution. Charles "Boe" Adams, president of Lifetime If minimal diversity is t.o be maintained; Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, ln a Security Life Insurance Company, reports if education, in its broadest sense ts to be land of progress and prosperity, it is that the company continues to grow beyond encouraged; if a significant percentage of often easy to assume an "out of sight, out expectations. Through April 15, Lifetime Se- May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14543 curity had over $250,000,000 of insurance in "It's the verdict of the profession. Since I of broadminded gents to agree with women's force. respect the profession, I can't think of any­ liberation." Lifetime Security, which has been operat­ thing more I could want. It's like a certificate Carter said, "He feels the thorns in a racist ing only in Texas, has current plans to ex­ you exist," Caldwell said yesterday when argument, deciphers what makes a vice-pres­ pand their operations into more than 20 reached by telephone at his summer cottage idential speech divisive, pleads guilty, like states. Contracts to purchase two additional in Martha's Vineyard, Mass., where he is most of us, to the gambling urge, and re­ companies have been signed. vacationing. discovers the meaning and the message of Adams said he believed Lifetime Security "It's just as well I'm not there," said Cald­ the boy's first foul cigar." to be one of the most dynamic, progressive well, a white-haired, barrel-chested six-footer Caldwell was born in Butler, Pa.., Dec. 5, organizations in the insurance industry to­ who has often claimed he becomes uneasy 1906. He grew up in Titusville, Pa.., where his day. when asked to make a speech. "I'd just burst father was managing editor of the local "Lifetime Security Life Insurance Com­ out into tears." paper. pany's record of rapid growth is evidence Donald G. Borg, chairman and editor of His father moved the family to New Jersey enough of the reliable insurance service of­ The Record and Caldwell's friend through and was Associated Press foreign news editor fered to the general public. Lifetime Security the years, said he couldn't be happier. when he died at 44. has clearly lived up to its philosophy of pro­ "I'm delighted that the Pulitzer Prize Com­ He left his widow with five minor children. viding quality insurance protection at a. reas­ mittee and trustees have recognized what Young Caldwell, a 14-year-old sophomore at onable cost with prompt efficient handling of I knew a long time ago from working with Hasbrouck Heights High School, continued at all cla.imS," he said. him. We're all finally in agreement. high school and took odd jobs. One was "Bill has been influencing New Jersey pumping the organ at a local church, where public opinion for more than 40 years. His he eventually worked his way up to be style is fluent and persuasive. He can be organist. PULITZER PRIZE TO BILL indignant, jocular, appreciative, solemn, or He was never to get to college but he ls funny. The end product is a column or considered by his colleagues a learned man, CALDWELL editorial that wlll be helpful to the reader, widely read, philosophical, and sensitive to and at the same time invite him to form his issues and language. opinion." He is a. trustee and former board chairman HON. WILLIAM B. WIDNALL Malcolm A. Borg, president of The Record, of William Paterson College, Wayne. He was OF NEW JERSEY said the award is the highest accolade Cald­ awarded an honorary LL.D. by Rutgers last IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES well could receive. June. "It is certainly fitting for a man of Blll Organizations for which he has given his Tuesday, May 11, 1971 Caldwell's competence and intelligence to re­ time include the American Cancer Society, Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, on May 3, ceive a tremendous a.ward just eight months the Bergen County Grand Jurors Association, the leadership of the journalism profes­ before reaching Age 65, an age he might con­ the New Jersey Press Association, the Tuber­ sider his time to retire but which I and culosis and Health Association, the Bergen sion noted what Bergen County has members of the staff hope he does not." County Medical Society, Americans for Dem­ known all along. Bill Caldwell is a kind At the moment he received notice of the ocratic Action (he was a founding member of genius journalist. award from a fellow editor, Caldwell was of the New Jersey Branch, and the Ameri­ William A. Caldwell, associate editor of painting a. fireplace as pa.rt of a week-long can Civil Liberties Union. effort to ready his vacation home for the the Record has won the 1971 Pulitzer Prize HOBBIES in the commentary category for the dally summer season. column he has written for more than 40 Asked if on winning the Pulitzer Prize he He was elected to the Board of Directors yea.rs. intended to suspend his housework and have of the Bergen Evening Record Corporation some fun, he said: Don't separate the two. Jan. 27, the same day Malcolm Borg became That is how his newspaper, the Record Work a.round the house is fun." president of the corporation. Caldwell is sec­ of Hackensack, N.J., called it in a lead This concept of work and fun pervades retary of the corporation. story last week. One of his colleagues his day at The Record. For the record, he lists his hobbies as "pi­ caJculated that Bill has written 40,000 Caldwell arrives for work each morning ano, writing, drawing, boa.ts, fishing if it's at 6:30 and leaves 11 hours later at 5:30 p.m. fishing, conversation if it's conversation, columns and described each as typed Besides writing his column of general in­ cooking, Martha's Vineyard." precisely 85 inches long on a single sheet terest which appears six days a week, Cald­ His younger brother, Robert, assistant ed­ of paper, free of erasures, strikeouts or well supervises the editorial page staff, edits itor of The Record, has written of him, strikeovers. their editorials as well as writing his own, "When Bill ca.me to The Record he was the This exacting approach to composi­ edits wire and local copy for the page oppo­ youngest man on the staff. He still is." tion typifies the carefulness and ac­ site the editorial page, writes the headlines, He and his wife live in Ridgewood. They curacy Bill always brings to his columns. and designates the art to illustrate the mate­ have two daughters and a son. rial. Caldwell, in discussing editorial and col­ Bill Caldwell is known for extracting umn writing, once wrote: general applications from local stories, He also finds time to chat with reporters who wander into his office to take issue with "As a poet's struggle with his rhyme and for that reason his columns have at­ an editorial, gripe, or seek advice. scheme shapes his thought and compels him tracted wide readership. His writing style The 55th annual Pulitzer Prize comes at to reconsider it and reshape it, so any writ­ employs an extraordinary range of the zenith of a career at The Record that er's evolution of a sentence across the face words and phrases, of which his col­ began in 1924, when a.t the age of 17, he of the page refines his language, dictates the leagues note: worked for the pa.per as a sports stringer. flow of the sentence next emerging, and leads sometimes to the happy accident that When any of us writes he's writing for Blll, As in 1970, when the award for criticism is a sentence he knows no man could very with Bill in mind, with Blll's standards right or commentary was first established, the much improve. there. trustees gave two separate and coequal $1,000 prizes in each category. "You write an editorial the way you write a poem or an epitaph or a novel or a love I would add that during my years in The criticism award was won by Harold C. the New Jersey Assembly and the U.S. letter, so that when it is done you know in Schonberg of The New York Times for his your gut you did the best you can and can Congress, I have weighed problems with music criticism during 1970. settle for that. Bill Caldwell's standards in mind. Caldwell's column, "Simeon Stylites," takes "As for a. column, the same principle ap­ Assembled here are a few stories, Mr. its name from a. fifth century Syrian hermit plies, I guess, although there are so many Speaker, that illustrate the life of this who spent 35 years in meditation atop a kinds of columns that nothing anybody says fine man and offer a view of his enor­ pillar in the desert. could be true of them all. mous talent: In a nominating letter Executive Editor "My own theory, born I suspect of des­ Don Carter wrote that the column deals A PuLrrZER TO CALDWELL peration, is that if the subject interests me with local but universal topics for an audi­ it'll be interesting to someone else--plus the [From the Record, May 4, 1971] ence that has come to appreciate good somewhat arrogant assumption that my (By George James) writing, sharp thinking, and provocative opinlon, within the limited framework of William A. Caldwell, associate editor of commentary. my intellectual competence, may be suffi­ The Record, has won the 1971 Pulitzer Prize "This modem Simeon . . . finds it dlillcult ciently bizarre or vehement or sympathetic in the commentary category for the dally to dismiss anything as irrelevant," Carter to justify the use of the newsprint and the column he has WTitten for more than 40 wrote. reader's time. I guess it should be added years. "(He) finds fallacy in our demands for that any effective humor depends on the Although the 64-year-old writer-editor and more roads and schools and waste disposal writer's deadly seriousness. The Record have won many state and na­ plants, but not in 'our' backyards. He spots "I hope it is understood that all this has tional awards, it is the first time any stair humor in the misery of being born a Decem­ to do with the way I work. It is not a for­ member has won the most prestigious honor ber child, music in the sunrise over Kata.ma mula for success, because I don't know what in journalism. Bay, event merit in the left-footed attempts success in writing is... 14544 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 He also has written that he tries never to point lessons of all things, ice skates, a basset one opposite. He does more work than any end a piece of writing with a quote. hound, a. sailfish, a bicycle, a little printing of us, he does it better than any of us could press and a font of 12-point italic type . . . have imagined until he showed us how easy ·[From the Record, May 4, 1971] She was waiting. it was. Only it wasn't. Abruptly, on the eve Of my birthday, I It's a privilege working with him. DEcEMBER'S CASTAWAYS had run out of things to want. The goods NoTE.-This is one of the columns for and gadgets I had yearned for as a kid a.nd [From the Record, May 4, 1971] which William A. Caldwell was awarded the had begrudged not getting were irrelevant. I A LEGEND TO ALL Pulitzer Prize this week. Several other award­ have clothes enough to last me a lifetime (By Mark A. Stuart) winning columns will be reprinted. though I live t.o be 200, and as for things to (NOTE.-Mark A. Stuart works for Blll Cald­ (By William A. Caldwell) do there's a piano that could keep me busy practicing cheerfully four hours a day at well as an editorial writer. He's been a. news­ I have no clear recollection of the event, least, plus, although it ls old and its lower­ paperman for 25 years.) but the first of many unforeseen calamities case characters a.re clogged, a typewriter that Bill Caldwell is the most complete reporter in my life occurred Dec. 5, 1906, in Butler, Pa. works quite well enough to keep pace with and self-effacing legend I know. When I tell I was born. my brain. reporters who've never worked with him only The pickle into which a December baby gets half the truth I know about this man, they by letting that happen to him is peculiar and, This is not to imply that my cup runneth over. The world is a. mess, a dangerous mess, don't believe me. I have been persuaded, embittering. Except and the air is fouled and there ls all around The sheer amount of work of which he is for a relatively few persons who appear to us and anxiety-a combination of tension capable is staggering. Every morning, six have been generated in the form of mildew and envy and smoldering anger and hate­ days a week, he writes three or more edi­ on the walls of damp cellars, everyonP gets torials. Every afternoon, six days a week, he born. But only 8.333 ... per cent of us have tha.t is becoming diagnosable lllness. But nobody can knit you or run down to turns out a column. our birthday so close to Christmas that, That's 12,000 columns in the past 40 yiears, instead of being a revenue-producing asset, it the store and buy in a package the cure for give or take a dozen. Each is faultlessly is a bleak embarrassment. things like these, and no kinfolk can chip in typed on a long sheet of paper. Each is ex­ and present to a man that whose name he For the other 91.666 . . . per cent a birth­ actly 85 lines long-not 86, not 84. There are day is when the family forgathers from miles dares scarcely to say even to himself: that, no erasures, no overtyping to x-out a word. around to indulge in drink and gluttony and knowing what he does now, he could go back The prose is as clean, as logical, as vivid, insane laughter. The table is festive. Best and be again a kid of 25 or 30 or maybe 45. as biting, as mind-expanding as if he had clothes a.re worn. In the living room the He would like to be wiser, leaner, more pa­ spent a week honing each essay. birthday celebrant presides over the sub­ tient, less lazy, better read, br·aver, more Every day Bill Caldwell sits at his desk mission of the loot, piece by glittering piece. honest and at the same time more lenient in the corner office on the fourth floor. Be­ "Oh dear, this is much too much," says the toward the people around him . . . fore him are a containier of sharpened pen­ child of Ma.rch or August or November-cor­ She was waiting. cils, a huge penknife, several pipes, tobacco, rectly, by the way. "Look,'' I said, "My birthday comes so close matches, and a few neatly placed sheets of "Oh, but birthdays come but once a year," t.o Christmas, why don't you save a. real sur­ information. oooes Aunt Molly. "Come over here and let prise for me till then?" He looks out the window at the court­ your auntie kis6 you." house dome in the distance, at the parking The December child stands in the doorway (From the Record, May 4, 1971 l lot below, bends to his machine, and starts examining this repellent scene and under­ WE KNEW IT ALL THE TIME typing. The words stream out, line after standing how oppressed minorities feel. He In any other first week of May in the steady line; and the world intrudes on 150 knows what will happen on his birthday. past 42 years Bill Caldwell would have been River St., Hackensack. Everybody will be too much fatigued by the a;:; his typewriter in the office here beating Bill Caldwell, his brother Bob is fond Of holiday gadding to come to his party, or will out his Simeon Stylites with the conscien­ saying, was a sage at 17. It was easy. be preparing to be all fagged out, and be­ tious care he's made a ha.bit. Yesterday when "All he had to do," said Bob, "was learn sides there won't be any party. Since every­ word came of his Pulltzer Prize he was away to write beautifully by the time he was 15, one is watching his diet at this time of year, on his first springtime vacation, and there and along with it learn that you'll never cake is an indulgence that should be re­ wa& something wonderfully appropriate write as well as you ought to, and at the sisted, and one does grow so tired of turkey! about it. A wave of applause broke across same time learn to be a crack player in foot­ The small remembrance is in a small, flat, the office, and newspapermen who thought ball and baseball, be a. pianist, an organist." square box. The other kids get Maseratis and they were case-hardened found themselves Bill Caldwell is a great editor who would Winchester .22s and motorboats and hip congratulating each other as if each had rather be a reporter than anything else he boots. December's child will never run out himself been the winner. Bill wasn't here, knows. Out in Chicago at the Democratic of handkerchiefs. except he was-as he always is. party convention in 1968 he had two men As a December child named Love was com­ Because when any of us writes well he's with him, each less than half his age. plaining not long ago in one of the Wash­ writing for Bill, with Bill in mind, with Bill's He left them panting. As they were ready ington papers, this, like any other discrimi­ standards right there. That means that t;he to drop, he was off and running to see for nation based on the accident of birth, is writer demands the best he can do on this himself what was happening. His copy flowed especially hard to bear. Mr. Love worked him­ particular writing b.SSignment; the right mes­ into the office crisp, complete, colorful, and self into a fine lather of indignation. I found sage, of course, but the right word scrupu­ on time---alwa.ys on time. myself reading the piece with a curious sense lously chosen, the right organization of the He's tuned in. At 64 he is a companion the of detachment. material, the right cadence. He's taught us young would rather be with than some of A little while before my birthday the bride how one must sit at the typewriter and their contemporaries. He appreciates. He en­ had been crayoning holiday engagements bleed; someone may do you the honor to courages. He always has time for others. into the squares on the kitchen calendar. read this, and you'd better be up to that After tho.se three editorla.ls--or more---and "You have a birthday coming up," she reader's standards. the oolumn and the editing and the copy­ said. "Or would you just as soon forget it? A famous prize like the Pulitzer is simply reading, there's always time for a chat, for For two bits I won't tell anyone." an affirmation. It is not to minimize the prize a story, for advice to a young colleague. For it? What else, I snarled, have people to note that a significant public in The They like to say all this was self-taught. been doing all my life? I do a passable imi­ Record's circulation area has known about He taught himself to play the piano and the tation of my aunt with the adenoids. William A. Caldwell for a long time. He had organ, to read music, to cook like Escoffier, "Your birthday does come so close to to go to work early when his father died to play a major league brand of baseball and Christmas, William," I said, "that your uncle young; he never got to college; there's some football. and I thought you'd rather we saved a real doubt that he even got his diploma from Bill Caldwell was forced to leave school at surprise for you until then." high school. He came to The Record first in 14 when his father, a newspaperman, died. "I wish to peace I'd known you feel so 1924 as a sports reporter, and he decided But he never stopped devouring an educa­ deeply about it," she said. "But now that way back then to make his ignorance an as­ tion. He's read everything including Dr. I know, we're going to do something a.bout set. He knew how much he didn't know, and Eliot's five-foot shelf. He leads a group of it. What would you like for your birthday?" he has spent his adult life trying to fill in homegrown philosophers calling themselves "Nothing," I said. "If you must know, I'm the holes. That accounts for the breadth of "The Wranglers" whose diet ts the Great down to my last three dozen handkerchiefs." his columns, the multiplicity of subjects he Books, or Ovid, or the Mets, or anything She handles children sympathetically. anyone that week has decided he'd like to be treats, and the warm sympathy with which a nut on. "If you had to wish for something or be he perceives the world and the world's sentenced to another year as chairman of people. the board of trustees," she said, "what would And for a purely professional aside, his [From the Herald-News, May 4, 1971) you wish for?"' column is only one aspect of his excellence. BILL CALDWELL WRITES WAY TO PuLITZER There have been Decembers when I'd have He's out of town and can't edit or write PRizE known what to say: a sled with steel run­ the editorials as he usually does; so we can HACKENSACK.-Blll Caldwell was vacation­ ners, an electric train, a BB gun, a pair of say that he selects, illustrates, headlines, ing at Martha's Vineyard when he got the football shoes, a. deerskin Jacket, counter- and edits the material on this page and the news that his columns had won him a Pulit- May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14545 zer Prize. For the first time in his career, he This legislation is in the great tradi­ proclaim it proudly. Probably the most used a platitude. tion of this Nation as a haven of refUge important single factor in the develop­ "It's just short of a state of shock," he said. for the oppressed from many lands. The ment of this proud racial and national For 47 years, Will1am Anthony Caldwell has proposed bill is a direct linear descendant identity has been the development of been putting his thoughts on paper for The of special legislation passed by Congress a free Israel since 1948. For there was Record of Hackensack. He's worked in the which permitted over 30,000 Hungarian a state and a people with which they sports department, the women's page, the city refugees to settle here after the suppres­ could identify. A state where their reli­ de,sk, and most of all on the editorial page, sion of their 1956 revolt. Similarly since gion was practiced, their books read, which he still comes to work at 6:30 a.m. 1968, over 10,000 Czechoslovakian ref­ their traditions preserved, the richness to edit. ugees have been assisted in coming to of their cultural heritage known. This For the past 41 years, he also put his thoughts and a plethora of words nobody else the United States, while over the past knowledge has led to the mounting drive knew existed to work for "Simeon Stylites" a decade more than 565,000 CUbans have by Soviet Jews to emigrate. column of observations on anything from made the United States their new home How large this Jewish drive to emi­ the war in Vietnam to the financial problems through exemptions in the immigration grate may be, no one knows, as requests of the high school newspaper in his home laws. This bill would extend the same for emigration visas have increasingly town of Ridgewood. consideration to Russian Jews. become the cause of prosecution and His knowledge comes from reading, and Even though I am fully aware that persecution by Soviet governmental reading, and more reading; and was developed without the college educaJtion that his fam­ Soviet Jews may be prevented by Soviet agencies. In addition to job loss, demo­ ily couldn't afford after his father died while restrictions on emigration from avail­ tion or other subtle forms of persecu­ Bill was still in high school. ing themselves of these 30,000 special tion, some Jews who have asked to "The first law," says B111 Caldwell, "is that visas, I believe enactment of this bill leave Russia have gone not to Israel, you're interested. There isn't anything that would serve the dual purpose of letting but to Soviet prisons. Yet in spite of isn't interesting. Indifference is the cruelest the leaders of the Soviet Union know the this, the wave of emigration requests by thing that can happen to a writer." American people disapprove of their re­ Jews to leave the U.S.S.R. continues and The end product is usually written at the pressive tactics toward their proud Jew­ increases. To date, only a minute trickle tag end-"two or 2:30 p.m.-of a day that to includes editing, editorial writing and general ish minority. Its passage will also pro­ has been granted permission join fam­ supervising. claim not only to the Jews of Russia, but ilies in Israel or other countries, among "If it's good," he says of the column, "it_ to the oppressed of all Nations, that the tens of thousands of applications takes me a little over an hour. If I have to America and the freedoms which have which have been refused. drag it out, it's two or two and a half." made this Nation great, still exist. Given the steady growth of militant The result usually mixes a personal In a very real sense, passage of this Judaism and militant Zionism in the philosophy with some of history's better legislation would serve as a challenge Soviet Union, and the tensions they minds. to the Soviet Union to throw wide their cause, and given the increasing pres­ He's won one other major award, a Silurian. "I just sat down and got rid of a.II my feel­ doors to allow those Soviet Jews who sures to emigrate, it would seem reason­ ing about Barry Goldwater." wish to leave to do so. Of course, many able to believe that with enough pres­ His unique writing style--"! guess they'd of these people, should they be permitted sure from world opinion, the Soviet Gov­ be able to find me pretty easily if I ever to go, would immigrate to Israel, the ernment could in the foreseeable future wrote a ransom note."-is, according to Cald­ very existence of which has fired their decide to allow an ever-increasing num­ well, "just one of those things that happens." imaginations and stimulated in large part ber of Jews to emigrate. Should this oc­ As a boy, he was constantly exposed to words the present drive to leave the Soviet cur, this Nation must be ready to re­ from his father, an Associated PreES editor, and his mother, a teacher. His younger broth­ Union. But this consideration should not ceive those who wish to come to this er, Bob, is now an assistant editor of The be used as an argument against this pro­ country. For now is the time for us to Record. posed legislation. make such plans, in contrast to the ne­ Caldwell grew up in Hasbrouck Heights and Through p0sitive action on the Soviet glect of the Jews by mankind 30 years llves now in Ridgewood with his wife, his Relief Act of 1971, Congress could in­ ago, when so many countries, including daughters, Alix and Toni, and a son, W1lliam fluence, I believe, .France, Great Britain, the United States refused sanctuary to Alexander Caldwell. "His middle name is Italy, and Austria, as well as other na­ many of those Jews who escaped or would Alexander, so he won't even stand for a tions outside the Soviet bloc to enact have been permitted to leave Nazi Ger­ junior, or 'the second' or anything like that," says William Anthony Caldwell. similar legislation. We know from ex­ many through negotiations had such Every so often, Bill Caldwell finds him­ perience that the Soviet Union is sensi­ special visas been available. self apologizing for his lack of a college de­ tive to charges of mistreatment of their This is particularly important at this gree, particularly with one of his outside Jewish minority, and such a worldwide point in history as the special refugee activities. "Yes," he says. "It's one of the movement would have particular value in quota of 10,200 visas available under things that embarrasses me about being on imposing yet another pressure on them present law for refugees from the East­ the board of William Paterson College." to allow free emigration of those Jews ern Hemisphere has been oversubscribed wishing to leave that country. Such pres­ for the past 2 years, and would not meet sure is clearly needed if the U.S.S.R. is the need if the Soviet Union were to to be encouraged through world opinion open her doors to emigration even on SOVIET JEWS RELIEF ACT OF 1971 to live up to the United Nations Univer­ a modest scale. sal Declaration of Human Rights, article Mr. Speaker, for all these reasons, I XIII, which confirms the concept of emi­ am proud to become a cosponsor of the HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. gration as a basic human right, and Soviet Jews Relief Act of 1971, and urge OF NEW YORK which is supported in principle by Rus­ its speedy enactment into law. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sia. Tuesday, May 11, 1971 I do not need to outline to this body the long history of U.S.S.R.'s efforts to Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, today I am blend its 3.5 million Jews into the gen­ DIAMOND ANNIVERSARY joining in cosponsoring a bill introduced eral culture of the various Russian by my colleague, EDWARD L. KOCH, which states. But 50 years after the Russian I consider to be a highly important, hu­ revolution, and 35 years after the last HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE manitarian piece of legislation. period when Jewish education and study OF MICHIGAN This legislation, entitled the Soviet was permitted, it seemed quite logical IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEE:: Jews Relief Act of 1971, would authorize that Jewish youth, without access to 30,000 sPeCial visas outside the regular synagogues, reading no Jewish books, Tuesday, May 11, 1971 im.m1gration quota system for Soviet and having no Jewish cultural life would Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, I have the Jews who are permitted to leave the Sov­ become less and less Jewish and grad­ honor of acknowledging the "Diamond iet Union and who may wish to come to ually would be assimilated inito Russian Anniversary" of the Michigan Optome­ this country. I not only entirely support society. tric Association. The State convention the humane philosophy of this bill, but Surprisingly, quite the reverse has meeting May 30-June 3 on Mackinac congratulate Mr. KocH on its introduc­ happened. Instead of losing their iden­ Island in my district, is to commemorate tion. tity as Jews, many of the young people 75 years as a professional association 14546 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 and as a principal provider of profes­ answer to Mr. Hoppe was brought to never approached the bloody tyranny of a sional services. my attention, written by the Honorable Stalin or a Khrushchev, whom we embraced, The evolution of the Michigan Opto­ Charles J. Conrad, assemblyman, State even though they had, only a short while before, signed a non-aggression pact with metric Association since 1896 clearly il­ of California, and in my opinion, it points Hitler. lustrates the high degree of initiative, out the fallability of the emotionalistic But let us return to those "shinlng hours" foresight, and professionalism of the and unreasoned basis on which Mr. when "we spoke the truth." When you and optometric practice itself. Hoppe roots against his country. your associates decided that America must The Michigan Association was founded At this point, I insert in the RECORD join the war against fascism, but it had on September 10, 1896, in the city of Assemblyman Conrad's reply to Mr. to be done without alarming the American Grand Rapids. Dr. A. J. Shellman was Hoppe's appeal to "root against your people. elected the first president and Dr. Ernest country." And so the script writers of that day APRn. 15, 1971. wrote speeches for Franklin Delano Roose­ Eimer, secretary-treasurer. Founding of velt, such as: the organization preceded the first Mr. ART HOPPE, San Francisco Chronicle, "I have said it before but I shall say it Michigan optometric state licensing law San Francisco, Cali/. again and again and a.gain. Your boys are by 13 years. DEAR ART: I note that your article of not going to be sent to foreign battle­ The first decade of the 20th century Mairch 1, in which you say, "Now I root fields." was truly a remarkable one for optome­ against my own country" is being given wide I wonder what you and your associates try. Iii 1909, passage of the State's first circulation and, apparently, has met with would have written if some of us had refused. optometry law required 1 year's attend­ general approval. to go overseas on the grounds that our ance at a recognized optometric school You've done a clever job, Art ... you Commander in Chief had assured us "again always do. You excuse your present attitude and again and a.gain" that we were not going or 2 year's apprenticeship under a reg­ by laying down a smoke-screen over the past. to be sent to foreign battelfl.elds. istered optometrist. Today, all optomet­ You figure to a.void criticism when you Thirty years a.go, there also were sincere ric colleges require 4 years of profes­ "root a.gs.inst your country" by recalling how individuals who were opposed to our in­ sional study after 2 years of pre-optom­ you loved and supported it during World War volvement in World War II just as there are try. II. You would have the public believe it was sinoere individuals today who oppose our Later that same year, the first Board America that changed. involvement in Southeast Asia. of Examiners in Optometry was estab­ So you write: However, there are a couple of dtiferences. "We licked Hitler and Tojo and Mussolini. Thirty years ago, those who opposed our lished, consisting of Drs. Eimer, B. W. Those were our shining hours . . . they were becoming involved in a foreign war were Hardy, A. Altenberg, A. Kludt, and P. evil; we were good. They told lies; we spoke were never described by the news media as Scholler. This board proved to be the the truth." "idealistic." Remember what was said about precursor of present-day registration, Do you really believe that, Art? Charles A. Lindberg and his supporters? certification, and regulation of prac­ Did Franklin Delano Roosevelt tell the The other difference: I cannot recall a titioners. American people the truth following Pearl s'ingle leader of America First who ever As technology advanced and the Harbor? Undoubtedly, it was desirable to "rooted against his country." Certainly, none lie about our casualties, but does not that were ever guilty of treason or sabotage. I profession evolved, the organization's same reasoning apply to Cambodia and can't even remember a leader of the Amer­ name was changed in 1904 to the Laos? ica First movement who was a consclentlo\lil Michigan Society of Optometrists, and At the courtmartial of the two commanders objector. With the onset of host111ties, those on September 23, 1945, to the Michigan at Pearl Harbor, Kimmel and Short, were the who opposed Roosevelt's policy joined with Optometric Association which it has re­ higher-ups in Washington ever brought to the rest of the country in a determination mained to the present time. account? What ls the difference between the to bring a.bout victory. Many of them served Subsequent decades saw research and Kimmel-Short trials and the Calley trial, in the armed forces. except that in the former, only Americans If you and those like you are right, then development in such areas of optometry had died? the isolationists of the thirties and forties as examinations for pathological dis­ What about the Nuremberg trials you have also were right. Perhaps our country would eases and other specialized services in­ referred to on so many occasions? Was have been better off (and the world no cluding child care, vision care for the America told of the charges by the Polish worse off) if we had not become involved in aging, aid to the partially sighted, vision leaders in exile that communists, not Nazi's, Vietnam ar Korea or World War II. and highway safety, and occupational were responsible for the Katyn Forest mas­ But America decided otherwise. It was a vision. These advancemelllts led to a sacre Of Polish officers? "shinlng hour" when we fought fascism, ask­ In fact, from Nuremberg to this day, has ing nothing in return for our expenditures of vastly improved and highly efficient pro­ any individual ever been held responsible for lives and wealth. When we were willing to gram of vision care to the extent that, a war crime except a Nazi or an American? assist even our enemies after the conflict as is true in my own district of 415,000 Have you forgotten the propaganda of was over. people, over 70 percent of all vision care those yea.rs, much of which was produced in And so was our willingness to com.bat in the United States today is provided the district I represent and by the industry communist aggression a "shining hour" but by the optometric professional. in which I have been employed? Have you that "shining hour" has been tarnished by I am delighted to have the opportunity forgotten "Mission to Moscow" with kindly, those like yourself who have depicted it as old Joe Stalin portrayed as a loving and evil and now, I fear, our "shining hour" is to honor the association's diamond an­ devoted father? C!" have you never bothered over. You and your associates forced our niversary, the men who steered its de­ to read his daughter's a.rttcles? armed forces to fight communism With one velopment, and the dedicated vision care Were the American people during those hand tied behind their backs. professionals who serve the public. The "shining hours" told Of the American flyers The reception accorded your article of association is not only a tribute to the who crashed and died attempting to reach March 1 seems to indicate that your side optometric professlon, but also to the their home bases because the Russians, even has won and future dictators are likely to State of Michigan. when fighting for their existence, would not have a free hand, provided. of course, they permit our planes to land on their soil? are left wing dicta.tors acceptable t.o those The truth is, Art, many years a.go you and who control the American news media. others like you who dominate our avenues of Tha.t ls the burden you are going to have communication . . . the writers, broadcast­ to carry the rest of your life. EMOTIONAL JOURNALISM ers, teachers, etc., decided that fascism was Very truly yours, evil, to which almost everyone would agree. CHARLES J. CoNRAD. But you and your associates went further. HON. DON H. CLAUSEN You also decided that fascism had to be OF CALlll'ORNYA destroyed. Any falsehood was permissible 1f IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it achieved that desirable end. RUMANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY However, for some reason, which has baflled Tuesday, May 11, 1971 me for over forty yea.rs, you have never con­ Mr. DON CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, sidered it necessary, or even desirable, to take HON. JAMES V. STANTON up communist aggression. Thus, several months ago an article appeared arms agaln&t OF OHIO in your article Of March 1, you say of the in the San Francisco Chronicle written IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by Mr. Arthur Hoppe entitled "To Root enemy, "I doubt that they aire any better than we." Monday, May 10, 1971 Against Your Country." In my judgment, And so you dramatize every shortcoming the article was an irrational appeal to and every evil deed of our allies, our lead­ Mr. JAMES V. STANTON. Mr. emotionalism and, regrettably, it seemed ers, and even our own men in the field. Speaker, each year on May 10 Americans to hit its target. However, recently an Yet, Diem and Ky, at their worst, have of Rumanian descent join with the peo- May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14547 ple of Rumania to celebrate their na­ FAR FROM A STEREOTYPE the 1956 Republican National Convention. tional independence day. The antithesis of the rowdy Hollywood He coordinated the publication of the first For these people trapped behind the reporter stereotype in appearance and de­ West Coast facsimile edition of The Times, in Iron Curtain the struggle for freedom meanor, Laurence Ellsworth Davies surpassed 1945. is a very real confilct. Rumanians in the image in professional prowess. Cleveland and elsewhere throughout this As the Times bureau chief in San Francisco Nation look forward to the day when from 1941 to 1970, he ranged from the Rocky DO THE PEOPLE REALLY FAVOR IM­ Rumania will emerge as a free and inde­ Mountains to Alaska and Hawaii, covering MEDIATE WITHDRAWAL FROM news of politics, industry, agriculture, VIETNAM? pendent nation. science and sports-"everything," he once re­ This holiday marks the three great marked whimsically, referring to an old file events that occurred on May 10 which label, "from Dams to Disasters." led to the brief independence of this Hts many reportorial coups included a HON. GERALD R. FORD proud nation from 1881 until World War "beat" of more than an hour on the shelling OF MICHIGAN II. of the Oallfomia coast by a Japanese sub­ On May 10, 1866, the Rumanian dy­ marine in 1942, and an exclusive inside story IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nasty was established and its people of the Alcatraz prison riot in San Francisco Tuesday, May 11, 1971 won the right to elect their own sov­ Bay in 1946. He learned of the Japanese attack from a Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, ereign leader. Rumania proclaimed her San Francisoo telegraph operator chatting while a great majority of the American independence from the Ottoman Em­ on the wire with a colleague 300 miles away, people want to bring the American in­ pire on May 10, 1877. and quickly confirmed details by telephone. volvement in the Vietnam war to an end Charles I was crowned King of Ru­ While scores of other reporters were vainly as soon as possible--as President Nixon mania on May 10, 1881, marking the circling the smouldering Alcatraz in boats, does-an even larger majority do not fa­ beginning of a prosperous era that lasted Mr. Davies observed the island through field vor withdrawal by the end of this year if six decades. glasses atop Telegraph Hill, then telephoned the warden and got a play-by-play account it threatens the lives or safety of Amer­ During all those years this holiday has ican prisoners of war and a substantial remained a symbol of Rumania's perse­ of events in the prison. Noted for his quiet modesty, Mr. Davies majority would not choose this course if verance and determination to continue was given to neat, gray sartorial ensembles it meant a Communist takeover of South the fight for freedom until all oppressors that blended wtih his hair in a sort of self­ Vietnam. This is the finding of a recent have been overcome. Even the Commu­ effacing camouflage. Hts most distinctive fea­ national poll taken concurrently with the nists have not been able to uproot the tures were piercing blue eyes that missed May Day peace demonstrations here in peoples attachment to the traditional nothing. Washington by the highly respected May 10 celebration. An unofficial but celebrated part of his Opinion Research Corp., of Princeton, When it was decreed that the official operation often was his wife, who helped gather information, hold open telephone N.J. I include the findings of the poll in celebration be shifted to May 8 in honor the RECORD for the information of my of the Soviet victory, the flags were lines, and drove the family sedan at up to colleagues: hoisted. But in their hearts the people 80 miles an hour while Mr. Davies typed in the back seat. Do THE PEOPLE REAi.LY FAVOR IMMEDIATE celebrated on May 10, awaiting with faith WrrHDRAWAL FROM VIETNAM? and courage the dawn of better times ZEST FOR HIS WORK when freedom and independence would ms outstanding trait was his zest and PRINCETON, N.J.-The Public seems willing be theirs. conscientiousness about the article he was to endorse any plan that promises to bring all working on, however small. ms byline files at U.S. troops home from Vietnam soon-but The Times contain more than 4,000 articles, not if it endangers our POW's or threatens a FAR FROM A STEREOTYPE and there probably were an equal number Communist take over, according to the latest survey conducted by Opinion Research Corpo­ of unsigned ones. ration of Princeton, N.J. Called by the National Geographic Society HON. NICK BEGICH a few years ago a San Francisco landmark 72 % of the public say they support Presi­ OF ALASKA dent Nixon in his plan to end the war in along with the Golden Ga~e Bridge, Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Davies had a vast acquaintance among peo­ Southeast Asia, compared to 18 % who do ple in all walks of life throughout the West. not support his plan and 10% who have no Tuesday, May 11, 1971 opinion. At the same time, 68% of those "When we landed in Alaska to cover the polled would approve their Congressman vot­ Mr. BEGICH. Mr. Speaker, on Satw·­ earthquake," a colleague recalled, "there ing for a proposal requiring the U.S. Govern­ day, May 1, 1971, the Nation was sad­ was nothing but devastation in sight-no ment to bring home all U.S. troops before the dened by the news of the death of one of transportation, no people. Within five min­ end of this year; 20% opposed this move and its great journalists, Laurence E. Davies. utes there was a crowd of 20 or more people 12% have no opinion. longtime journalist for the New York clustered around us, all anxtous to help However, when various possible conse­ Times. Mr. Davies, While enjoying the Larry." quences of quick withdrawal are tested, the Mr. Davtes's zest for news Ca.?lle early. He public ls against withdrawal of all U.S. troops reputation of being a fine newspaper re­ was born in Girard, Kan., on Feb. 5, 1900, the parter, was also a true and dedicated by the end of 1971 if it mea.ns a Communist son of W1111a.m H. Davies, a wheat farmer. As take over of South Vietnam. When asked if friend of Alaska. Larry Davies was one a boy he saved pennies to subscribe to The they would favor withdrawal of 8'll U.S. troops of the most noted journalists to regularly Kansas City star, from which he methodi­ by the end of the year ff ft means a Commu­ cover Alaska's growth from territory to cally clipped stories that interested him. ntst take over of South Vietnam. 55 % said statehood. When his family moved to St. Helen's, Ore., no, 29% said yes, and 16% had no opinion. Mr. Davies' zest for news carried him he edited the high school paper. He was grad­ Also an overwhelm1ng majority, 75%, would to Alaska to cover the earthquake in uated from nearby Wlllamette University in not favor withdrawal by the end of 1971 ff ft 1926. He worked three yea.rs for the Portland threatened the lfves or safety of the United 1967. His many friends in Alaska as well (Ore.) Telegram, then followed the Heming­ as his keen journalistic abilities made States POW's held by North Vietnam. way trail to Paris, where he was sports edi­ 11 % of those polled would favor such a his reports the most accurate description tor of The Parts Herald, at $20 a week. withdrawal and 14% had no opinion. from the Alaskan disaster. After 18 months, Mr. Davies returned to The results of this survey were obtained After Mr. Davies retired from the New New York, joined The Times and headed its by nation wide telephone Interviews con­ York Times, he accepted the position as Philadelphia bureau for 15 years before going ducted among 1,026 persons age 18 and over director of news servioes for the Univer­ to San Francisco. Among the other major during the period May 1 and 2. Following are sity of Alaska in College. There he earned stories he covered were the evacuation of the the actual questions asked and their results: continued admiration and respect from West Coast Japanese-Americans in 1942; the 1. "Do you support President Nixon in his trial of Harry Bridges, the longshore leader: plan to end the war 1n Southeast Asia?" the people of Alaska as he had during his the 1948 Oregon flood and the development 44 years as one of America's great writ­ of the Grand Coulee and other Northwestern Yes ------'12 ers. power projects. No ------18 I would like to include for the RECORD AT tr.N. J'OtJ'ND!NG N'o op1n1on ------10 a story the New York Times wrote about Mr. Davies made the arrangements for The 2. "A proposal has been ma.de in Congress Lawrence Davies, one of the great jour­ Times coverage of the 1945 United Nations to require the U.S. Government to bring home nalists of our time, and one of Alaska's founding conference in San Francisco, the all U.S. troops before the end of this year. most devoted friends. 1951 Japanese peace conference there, the Would you like to have your Congressman The article follows: 1955 United Nations anniversary meeting and vote for or against this proposal?" 14548 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1'971

'Yes ------68 been reached in the political course of the Yet, the fa.ct remains that every major country. social reform that benefits the working man No ------20 No opinion------12 The people had caught up with Mr. Nixon. today-from Social Security to Medicare-­ It is not just that the President failed to was gained under a Democratic Administra­ 3. "Would you !a.vor withdrawal o! all U.S. deliver on his major promlses--to end the tion. troops by the end o! 1971 even i! it meant a war, to straighten out the economy, to bring And through the years, under administra­ Communist take over of South Vietnam?" us together, and to raise the quality o! tions of both parties, the Democratic mem­ living. bers of Congress have lead the fight for the 'Yes ------29 It is more the way in which this Admin­ working people and for the Middle Americans No ------55 No opinion------16 istration has conducted its business that has in general. destroyed the public confidence: Obviously we can't expect to coast Into office 4. "Would you favor withdrawal of all The unwillingness to level with the peo­ in 1972 on past achievements or on Mr. United States troops by the end of 1971 even ple about the war, the economy, and other Nixon•s failures. if it threatened the lives or safety of United areas of national concern. We need to come up with new, innovative States POW's held by North Vietnam?" The lack of feeling in the White House for programs, and we need to present to the the problems that rank and file people have, electorate a party that is both responsive 'Yes ------11 The favoritism toward moneyed interests and responsible. NO ------75 No opinion------14 and the adoption of economic and tax poli­ With regard to the latter, it is worth cies that place an unfair burden on the aver­ noting that during the past two and a half age citizen in a period of simultaneous reces­ years, while the Republican party was per­ sion and inflation, fecting its Southern Strategy, the Democratic The preoccupation with statistics and the Party was subjecting itself to the first major SOME NEEDED WORDS FROM unconcern about human beings, political party reform the country has seen SENATOR HUGHES The veto of critically needed human-value in generations. legislation passed by the Congress in such Party reform is a difficult and unglamor­ areas as employment, education, and man­ ous undertaking, and there has been con­ HON. MORRIS K. UDALL power training, and the cut-back of existing siderable confusion about exactly why it was programs, needed. OF ARIZONA The stacking of sensitive government regu­ Specifically, what stake does labor have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES latory agencies-such as mine safety-with in reform? unqualified political hacks. Tuesday, May 11, 1971 In the first place, working people were The unprecedented centralization of execu ­ severely under-represented in the 1968 Dem­ Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, Senator tive power in a White House super-cabinet, ocratic Convention. HAROLD E. HUGHES came to Tucson, Ariz., which carries on its powerful activities be­ Only about three percent o! the delegates the other day and said some things which hind a curtain of secrecy. at the Convention were members o! labor badly needed saying. These are the kinds of characteristics of unions. · the Nixon Administration that have brought One reason for this was that, under the He sharply criticized the way in which the President's popularity to its present low old system, the average annual income of the Nixon administration has conducted point and his credibility to an even lower delegates to the '68 Convention was almost its business and the resultant erosion of level. $19,000. public confidence. I am a.ware that the condltion of the econ­ While reform is not a notably popular In his speech to the Arizona AFL-CIO omy in the Tucson area ls well above the ca.use with most of us, the fa.ct ls that the he reminded us that not only has the average. opening up of the Democratic Party proc­ President failed to deliver on major 'Yet I am sure the continuing rise in prices esses will give you a better shot at adequate eats up your wages, and while prime in­ representation at the 1972 Convention than promises but questions whether the peo­ terest rates have eased the situation for large ple in the administration really can feel ever before. banks, the average citizen still must pay sky­ With regard to new programs of special in­ the problems as they are felt by the av­ high interest on what he borrows at the terest to labor, here are a !ew of the direc­ erage American. bank or buys on the installment plan. tions in which I think a new Democratic ad­ I commend to my colleagues the Sen­ However an individual may feel about the ministration should go. ator's speech of April 30: war, there is no longer any doubt about who First, we should recognize that jobs are our is bearing the brunt of paying for it. SPEECH BY SENATOR HAROLD E. HUGHES top domestic priority. You and I and the other middle Americans We need to provide a guaranteed job for On March 1, 1971, President Richard M. are paying the tab. we are paying for it when every employable American. Obviously, this Nixon, who had oarried Iowa big in 1960 and milk costs a dime a quart more than it did big again in 1968, visited Des Moines to talk five years ago and when gasoline is a nickel means creating new jobs, as would have been to the Iowa State Legislature a.bout his more a gallon. we are paying for it when the done under the 1970 manpower bill that the revenue sharing proposals. cost of living rises over 25 percent since the President vetoed. I believe the course la.id It was obviously a hand-picked spot from war started. out in that legislation was sound-namely which to launch the selling of the Nixon Do­ In passing, I might note that for what this public service employment that would carry mestic Program, 1971-a safe Nixon state war has cost the nation on the average, each out needed public services that are not now with a conservative state legislature that had year, we could have given annual scholar­ being furnished. already endorsed the Administration's ships o! $2,400 to each of the 8.8 million It is obvious that we need to come to the revenue-sharing program. What more could college-age children of American workers. immediate aid of laid-otf defense workers with emergency employment legislation. An you ask? Mr. Nixon has laid the blame for the pres­ Approaching Iowa, the Chief was ready to ent state of our economy on what he terms emergency employment bill, o! which I am be hailed. a "do-notihing" Congress. a co-sponsor, is in the Senate at the present time, reportedly viewed with disfavor by the But the reception was the exact opposite Let's examine the record. Administration. of what had been expected. What did the President do in 1970 when, I think that in the future we need to give Instead of a cheering crowd, Mr. Nixon was in the !ace of dire national need, the Con­ a great deal more consideration to long-range met by some 3,000 demonstrators carrying gress passed a vitally needed manpower bill? labor policy. For example, job training angry, critical signs. He vetoed it. should be available not only for persons who This was news in it.self. What did the President do after the Con­ are unemployed, but also for employed work­ But the mix of the crowd was even more gress took the initiative to pass an historic ers who want to upgrade their skills. notable. Occupational Health and Safety bill? Certainly the minimum wage rate should There were about 1,500 young people, wav­ This time, he didn't veto the blll, but he be raised, as the AFL-CIO has recommended. ing signs that said "end the War." waited more than half a year to appoint an Veterans' benefits should be upgraded and Side by side with the young people were Administrator of the program-this despite extended to be consistent with those allowed 750 ha.rd-hat construction workers, protest­ the fact that 14,500 workers were killed by after World War II-particularly ln housing ing the Administration's discriminatory at­ accidents and that 250 million working man­ and education. tack on their segment of the economy. days were lost to accidents in 1969 alone. I need not tell you that tax policies need "We're going broke under Nixon economy," And where has the leadership come from to be changed to enable lower and middle the placards read. for tax reform, adequate national health income people to get by in an era of con­ Then alongside the young people and the insurance, consumer class actions, no-fault stantly rising prices. A tax deduction for hard-hats were 750 farmers. "You promised auto insurance, and other measures of bene­ sending youngsters to college is necessary, or farmers 74 percent parity, then turned your fit to the working people? a lot of working people won't be able to give back when we got only 67 percent" ... Thus · It has come from the Congress. their children this opportunity. Additional read the banners in this contingent. Admittedly, the Democratic party has not tax breaks are needed for the elderly who are And so, on a March day in Iowa, it was deserved an Academy Award !or every phase trying to survive on fixed incomes. clearly exhibited that a turning point had of its performance in our lifetime. Certainly a basic objective o! the post- May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14549 Nixon period must be to counter in:flation by law to which we as a nation subscribe, and EMPIRE STATE COLLEGE (NEW creating wage and price stability, rather than make any nation that so behaves unworthy YORK) by monetary policy. We need an economic of membership in the Family of Nations. If environment that gives incentives to stabil­ this is not the case, then on what basis are ity, in place of the discriminatory, let-them­ we denying membership in the United Na­ HON. JACOB K. JAVITS sweat-it-out policies we are experiencing un­ tions to Communist China? OF NEW YORK der Nixon. Mr. President, please remember when you The shift from war to peace that is coming review the case of Lt. Calley that you will IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES requires more than a conversion of our tech­ not be just reviewing the case of a soldier Tuesday, May 11, 1971 nology. Retooling our machines to produce in Vietnam: You will be deciding the place high-speed trains instead of high-powered America will assume in the world at this Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, a new ap­ tanks is only the first adjustment we must hour, and whether America will continue proach to undergraduate education has make to peace. much longer in history. Mr. President, please been instituted by the State University We are going to bave to completely readjust decide wisely. Be not like Pilate, who washed of New York with the aid of a $1,000,000 our vision-to focus, for the first time in his hands of Jesus and set free Barrabas to grant awarded jointly by the Ford our country's history, on the individuals who satisfy the bigots of his day. constitute this nation and on the quality Respectfully submitted, Foundation and the Carnegie Corpora­ of the lives they are living. Rev. WILLIAM A. DENNIS, tion. Empire State College is, in effect, The questions will not be "How big?" or Pleasant Union Baptist Church. a college without a campus, emphasiz­ "How much?" But "How good?". Not "How Rev. s. WILLIAMS, Jr., ing individual study under the guidance fa.st?" or "How powerful?" But "How fulfill­ Greater Galilee Baptist Church. of master teachers. Students will utilize ing?" correspondence courses, books, tele­ If we get the right kind of direction, the vision, and occasional classes and sem­ decade of the '70's should turn out to be inars with the emphasis upon flexibility one of the most exciting and progressive RUMANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY periods in American history. of format, curriculum, and patterns of It is true that Mr. Nixon hasn't done much study. toward fulfilling his promise to "raise the I ask unanimous consent to have quality of living for all Americans." HON. MARIO BIAGGI printed in the RECORD material recently But there was nothing wrong with the OF NEW YORK published by the Staite University of idea. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES New York describing Empire State Col­ lege. Tuesday, May 11, 1971 There being no objection, the material LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, in many was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, towns and cities along the Danube in as follows: southeastern Europe, countless thou­ [From the State University of New York HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. sands of Rumanians quietly celebrated News, Mar. 8, 1971] OF INDIANA their most important national holiday, NONRESIDENTIAL COLLEGE PLANS 1971-72 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the 1Oth of May. 0PENING--UNIVERSITY ESTABLISHES EMPIRE It was on the 10th of May in 1866 that STATE COLLEGE Tuesday, May 11, 1971 the geographic area became recognized The announcement of the establishment of Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, I place in as Rumania under the rule of Prince the new Empire State College within the the RECORD the fallowing letter from the Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, State University of New York heralds an en­ Baptist Ministerial Foresight Alliance of thus founding the Rumanian dynasty. tirely new approach to undergraduate edu­ Indianapolis without further comment: A little more than a decade later, on cation within the University. Plans for the new college, accelerated APRIL 13, 1971. the 10th of May 1877, the principality through grants of $500,000 each from the Hon. RICHARD M. NIXON, of Rwnania declared itself free and in­ Carnegie Corporation and the Ford Founda­ President, United States of America, The dependent of the oppressive rule of the tion, have been conceived, according to Chan­ White House, Washington, D.C. Ottoman Empire. A bloody battle ensued, cellor Ernest L. Boyer, in response to many DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: We understand you but in 1878 the Congress of Berlin con­ current questions and developments which are going to review the case of Lieutenant firmed Rumania's independence and "sharply challenge the conventional wisdom William Calley, and there are some vital conferred on the state Europe's official of educational planners. issues we feel are being overlooked. We feel recognition of it as a nation. "Institutions of higher learning are every­ morally compelled to call them to your at­ where being forced to re-examine their tradi­ tention. Today, however, proud Rumanians still tional assumptions about who should go to Such issues as: Is America committed to living in their homeland mu.st celebrate college and what the length and nature of remaining in the humane, civilized and ad­ their glorious national holiday in quiet the college experience ought to be," the chan­ vanced Family of Nations? Is America still and fear. The Soviet Union has domi­ cellor said. committed to the principles of humanitarian nated their country since World War II. Large numbers of inquiries about the non­ conduct of war, as set forth in the Geneva Its leaders bending to the wishes of the residential college have resulted from its Agreements? Are not the alleged atrocities colossus to the east have changed the formal announcement February 16. In the of My Lai and all similar incidents an out­ day of national celebration to the 9th interest of disseminating all available in­ rage against the decency of mankind? Were formation, the NEWS presents answers to we not, a few months ago, crying about the of May-the anniversary of Soviet vic­ several frequently asked questions: atrocities of Biafra? Have we not been tory. Q. What is Empire State College? shocked and horrified by atrocities of the These quiet voices of peace and freedom A. The Empire State College is a "college enemy in World Wars I, II and every other within are joined by many not so quiet without a campus." It is built on the as­ war in which we have been engaged? voicQS in the free world calling for the sumption that learning is an individual ex­ Mr. President, we feel it is more important liberation of the captive states of Eastern perience and that the highly motivated stu­ at this hour that you act as a statesman in Europe. The people cannot speak for dent can pursue degree study without spend­ the defense of the honor and integrity of themselves in the councils of world gov­ ing full time at a campus. Students using this country than as a politician attempting books, correspondence courses, television and to satisfy the emotional bias of the bigots ernments. So then it is important that occasional classes and seminars will study blinded by hate and prejudice. For we are in we who enjoy the freedoms of speech largely on their own. Emphasis will be on danger, as a nation, of taking the same road and assembly speak out in support of the individual study under the guidance of to national ruin and disgrace as Nazi Ger­ cause of freedom and independence in master teachers. many. We hope, Mr. President, that you will Rumania. Q. Why is the new College being estab­ not go down in history as the national head The will of the people of Rumania is lished? who started America down that road. strong still and I know that the con­ A. Empire State College reflects the deter­ As men of God, we heartily support any mination of the University's Board of Trust­ act of mercy you might extend to Lt. Calley. tinued efforts of freedom-loving people ees to extend the opportunities for increas­ Forgiveness ls always in order. All we are throughout the world is helping build ing the effectiveness of higher education. It saying is let us unequivocally affirm that the courage needed to one day throw off is a bold attempt to adjust the college to the barbaric and inhuman acts, even in war, con­ the yoke of oppression now on the student by adjusting the place, the content stitute behavior contrary to international shoulders of these valiant people. and the length of study. The aim is to add 14550 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 to the network of State University colleges recognized writer or artist. Working closely plinary area and Bachelor of Arts in an an institution that will be able to draw upon with his mentor, a student in his final year academic major. the resources of the existing colleges and could complete his degree through prepara­ The degrees will be conferred by the State serve especially the student who cannot or tion of a concluding paper or project or University of New York upon recommenda­ should not reside full time on a conventional through an oral examination given by a tion of the faculty of the College. campus. panel of mentors. Q. How will the student accumulate Q. Who can apply for admission to the new Q. When will the College accept its :first credits toward a degree? College? students and what is the anticipat.ed first A. A student may complete degree require­ A. Generally, enrollment will be limited to year enrollment? ments by any combination of a number of high school graduates wishing to study at A. Empire State College will accept its learning processes: the undergraduate level. The College will first students as soon as possible during Independent study designed by the stu­ serve people of all ages who wish to study the 1971-72 academic year. Initial enroll­ dent under guidance of faculty advisors. according to their own needs and interests: ment will be no less than 500. Satisfactory completion of studies prepared 1. Those students who wish more flexibil­ Q. What are the tuition costs? by the college faculty and offered through ity in educational environment and modes of A. Full-time students will be assessed the various combinations of the newer educa­ learning. standard $550 tuition pa.id by all undergrad­ tional techniques and technologies. 2. Persons who may wish to pursue a de­ uates at the state campuses. Tuition for part­ Satisfactory completion of studies at one gree at home for personal reasons. time students will be pro-rated according to or more of the 70 existing campuses of State 3. Persons who wish to pursue an indi­ the courses taken. Scholarship aid programs University or, when approved by faculty vidual educational objective or to complete for which a student may be eligible Will be ad.visors, at other colleges. a degree program. determined at enrollment. Proficiency examinations. 4. Employed persons wishing to pursue ed- An opening date and initial study pro­ Earned credits as the result of compe­ ucation pa.rt-time for career objectives. grams will be announced in the near future. tencies gained through employment research 5. Selected secondary school students. Interested persons can write to the address or special community service which are ap­ Q. How will Empire State College operate? below. They will be placed on a list to re­ proved by the faculty. A. The College will have its own president, ceive further information and an applica­ (Full-time students could expect to com­ faculty and advisory council. Its administra­ tion blank by the end of the spring. plete the degree requirements in no longer tive staff will be located in the Capital Dis­ Q. What is Empire State College? than the tradition:a.1 time period. Normally, trict area. at a site to be determined and A. The Empire State College is a "college this ls two years for an Associate Degree and separate from existing campuses. without a campus." It is built on the as­ four years for a Bachelor's Degree.) Regional learning centers, located in vari­ sumption that learning ls an individual ex­ Q. What would be a possible program of ous parts of the state, will provide facili­ perience and that the highly motivated stu­ study for a student entering the College as ties for individual advisement, counseling dent can pursue degree study without spend­ a freshman? and tutoring. ing full time at a campus. Students using A. The student and his mentor will design The academic program of the College will books, correspondence courses,, television and a program of studies which will lead to the be developed by a distinguished faculty who occasional classes and seminars Will study associate degree over a two-period, or to the will ensure the quality of the programs and largely on their own. Emphasis will be on baccalaureate degree over a three or four­ determine the degree eligibllity of the stu­ individual study under the guidance of mas­ year period. During his :first year, for exam­ dent. ter teachers. ple, the student might pursue a program of Q. What degrees will be conferred? Q. Why ls the new College being estab­ guided study including tutoring in such spe­ A. At the outset, the following programs lished? cific areas as language and literature, scien­ will be offered: Assooiate in Arts, B8.Chelor of A. Empire State College reflects the de­ tific and technological studies, and social, Arts, Bachelor of Arts in an interdisciplinary termination of the University's Board of historical and philosophic studies. In the area and Bachelor of Arts in an acadenlic Trustees to extend the opportunities for in­ following years, the study pattern could in­ major. creasing the effectiveness of higher educa­ clude community service, such as experience The degrees will be conferred by the State tion. It ls a bold attempt to adjust the col­ in a laboratory, museum, or social service University of New York upon recommenda­ lege to the student by adjusting the place, agency, study at one or more campuses of the tion of the faculty of the Oollege. the content and the length of study. The University, correspondence study by mail, or A. How will the student accumulate credits aim is to add to the network of State Uni­ study in an urban setting with a recognized toward a degree? versity colleges an institution that Will be writer or artist. Working closely with his A. A student may complete degree require­ able to draw upon the resources of the exist­ mentor, a. student in his final year could com­ ments by any combination of a number of ing colleges and serve especially the student plete his degree through preparation of a learning processes: who cannot or should not reside full time concluding paper or project or through an Independent study designed by the student on a conventional campus. oral examination given by a panel of men­ under guidance of faculrty advisers. Q. Who can apply for admission to the tors. satisfactory completion of studies pre­ new College? Q. When wm the College accept its first pared. by the college faculty and offered A. Generally, enrollment will be 11mlted students and what is the anticipated :first through various combinations of the newer to high school graduates wishing to study year enrollment? educational techniques and technologies. at the undergraduate level. The College Will A. Empire State College will accept its first Satisfactory completion of studies at one serve people of all ages who wish to study students as soon as possible during the 1971- or more of the 70 existing campuses of State according to their own needs and interests. 72 academic year. Initial enrollment will be Universtty or, when approved by faculty ad.­ 1. Those students who wish more fiexibillty no less than 500. visors, at other colleges. in educational environment and modes of Q. What are the tuition costs? Pro:flciency examinations. learning. A. Full-time students will be assessed the Earned credits as the result of competen­ 2. Persons who may wish to pursue a de­ standard $550 tuition paid by all undergrad­ oles gained through employment resea.rch or gree at home for personal reasons. uates at the state campuses. Tuition for speolal community service which are ap­ 3. Persons who wish to pursue an individ­ part-time students will be pro-rated accord­ proved by the facu1ty. ual educational objective or to complete a ing to the courses taken. Scholarship aid (Full-time students could expect to com­ degree program. programs for which a student may be eligible plete the degree requirements in no longer 4. Employed persons wishing to pursue will be determined at enrollment. than the traditional time period. Normally, education part-time for career objectives. An opening date and initial study programs this is two years for an Associate Degree and 5. Selected secondary school students. will be announced in the near future. In­ four years for a Bachelor's Degree.) Q. How will Empire State College op­ terested persons can write to the address be­ low. They will be placed on a list to receive Q. What would be a possible program of erate? A. The College will have its own president, further information and an application blank study for a student entering the College as a by the end of the spring. freshman? faculty and advisory council. Its adminis­ A. The student and his mentor Will design trative staff will be located in the Capital a program of studies which will lead to the District area at a site to be determined and associaite degree over a two-period, or to the separate from existing campuses. baccalaureate degree over a three- or four­ Regional learning centers, located in IN PRAISE OF FBI DIRECTOR yea.r period. During his first year, for ex­ various parts of the state, will provide fa­ HOOVER a.m.ple, the student might pursue a program cilities tor individual advisement, counsel­ of guided study including tutoring in such ing and tutoring. specific areas as language and Uterature, The academic program of the College will be developed by a distinguished faculty who HON. JOHN H. TERRY scientific a.nd technological studies, a.nd so­ OF NEW YORK cial, historical and philosophic studies. In will ensure the quality of the programs and the following yea.rs, the study pattern oould determine the degree eligibtlity of the stu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES include community servioe, such as experi­ dent. Monday, May 10, 1971 ence in a la.boratory, museum, or social serv­ Q. What degrees will be conferred? ice agency, study at one or more campus-es of A. At the outset, the following programs Mr. TERRY. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased the University, correspondence study by will be offered: Associate in Arts, Bachelor and proud to join with my colleagues mail, or study in an urban setting with a of Arts, Bachelor of Arts in an interdisci- this week in praise of FBI Director J. May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14551 Edgar Hoover, who now has embarked memorials to the dead in every war are of students on the University of Mary­ upon his 48th year in that position. The silent sentinels of the affection and land campus. For example, during the mark of his success, I sincerely feel, has dedication of the citizenry, was partic­ first day of disruption on the campus been the vicious attacks he has been sub­ ularly appropriate. Eleven :flowering after the spring offensive here in Wash­ ject to, both by extremists of the left and trees, in memory of 11 valiant men, form ington, the majority of the protesters ar­ the right. Most recently the attacks have the perimeters of a grassy square that rested by police were nonstudents. been originating from the extremists of has for focus a tablet on which are en­ The news media does tend to give an the left and this is nothing new in Mr. riched the names of the honored dead. undue amount of coverage to the acts of Hoover's career. However, it should be A stone path and benches complete protesting crowds so it is sometimes diffi­ noted that the charges leveled against the design in the corner of Willow Brook cult to remember that the great majority Mr. Hoover have always been just that-­ Park, where men, who once were boys of young people on college campuses real­ allegations. Over the years, the Bureau had cheered their teams to victories and ly are there to learn and not to burn. has demonstrated an unmatched record where other schoolchildren will pause Mr. Speaker, I commend David Simp­ of integrity and performance. now for quiet memory of their courage son and Charles Blocker and the many The charge is often made that the FBI and their responsibility. other young people like them who so just arrests and prosecutes small-time These are the names of the honored rarely receive praise for standing up for criminals while organized crime :flour­ servicemen: their beliefs. ishes. This simply is not so. Several of · Pedro Cancel, private first class. the largest raids in our history were made John Grasso, Jr., lance corporal. on organized crime during 1970. Between Richard E. Chabot, lance corporal. June and September 1970, more than 50 Robert L. Mlynarski, second lieu- REMARKS OF COMMISSIONER organized crime personnel were arrested tenant. GEORGE H. HEARN, FEDERAL in 70 raids in the Philadelphia area Richard W. Roy, specialist, fourth MARITIME COMMISSION alone. More than 50 members of a syndi­ class. cate-controlled bookmaking ring, alleg­ Thomas S. Richards, lance corparal. HON. JOHN M. MURPHY edly handling over $35 million in bets Michael Smith, lance corporal. annually in New Jersey, New York, and Richard R. Stolarun, private. OF NEW YORK Connecticut were arrested last year. And Paul Thorik, Jr., corporal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this is only part of the story. Daniel Varela, private first class. Tuesday, May 11, 1971 As I mentioned before, it is not just a Stanley J. Ciesielski, specialist, fourth Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. coincidence that the New Left dislikes class. Speaker, this year I had the honor of Mr. Hoover. They are learning what the The final blessing included a prayer being a guest speaker at the annual Soviet secret police and others have for peace, that this may be the last meeting of the Freight Forwarders Insti­ known for a long time. The counterintel­ memorial of the last war and that the tute at the Mayflower Hotel on April 28. ligence activities of the FBI are outstand­ roster of the dead may not expand. George H. Hearn, Commissioner, Fed­ ing. The so-called Weatherman group of As I made my way back to the car, I eral Maritime Commission, was also a the SDS is only too well aware of Mr. prayed too, that "they shall beat their speaker at this event. Commissioner Hoover's efficiency. It is alleged by some swords into plowshares, and their spears Heam's counsel to the maritime industry that while Mr. Hoover and the FBI may into pruning hooks: Nation shall not lift has been influential through three ad­ be efficient, they are leading us toward up sword against nation, neither shall ministrations and his expertise in both a "police" or "Fascist" type state. In re­ they learn war anymore." private and Government practice has buttal to this, one only needs to note that been valuable to all concerned. I insert during the early days right after Pearl at this point in the RECORD the remarks Harbor, hysteria had gripped this Nation A NEW KIND OF CONFRONTATION made by Mr. Hearn at the Freight For­ and a decision was made to carry out a warders Institute on April 28: mass evacuation of all Japanese Amer­ icans on the west coast. Director Hoover REMARKS OF COMMISSIONER GEORGE H. opposed the action on the basis that very HEARN HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN It is a great pleasure for me to be meeting few of them were disloyal and he knew OF MARYLAND With you again at your annual meeting. and could pick up the few that were. He IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This is especially true as this year my Con­ was correct and the decision was tragic. Tuesday, May 11, 1971 gressman, John Murphy, ls also participat­ He was overruled. I think this fact says ing in this event. much about the man and I wish him well Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, under the When I last spoke before your annual for as long as he serves. headline, "A New Kind of Confronta­ meeting two years ago, I brought to your tion," the Evening Star today carried a attention certain freight rate increases tn our foreign waterborne commerce. Certain photograph of two students at the Uni­ carriers, especially in our North Atlantic versity of Maryland in my congressional NEW BRITAIN, CONN., JUNIOR Trades, had imposed rate Increase in our district who stood guard over the Ameri­ outbound, but not in our inbound, trades, WOMEN'S CLUB DEDICATES ME­ can :flag while a group of demonstrators creating disparities weighted against our ex­ MORIAL TO VIETNAM WAR DEAD attempted to lower the :flag on the cam­ port commerce. I expressed the concern of pus so that it could be :flown upside down. the Federal Maritime Commission over such Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this actions and stated our determination to halt HON. ELLA T. GRASSO opportunity to commend these two activity apparently detrimental to the for­ eign commerce of the United States. OF CONNECTICUT young men, David Simpson and Charles Since then the Commission has proceeded IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Blocker, for their courage and dedica­ by formal action against a number of car­ Tuesday, May 11, 1971 tion. It has always been my opinion that riers maintaining those disparities with one of the most trying problems of youth some favorable results. One carrier has al­ Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ is the difficulty of disagreeing with one's ready announced Its Intention to reduce the day morning, May 10, it was my honor peers. It is always easier to go along outbound rates; and several other carriers and privilege to join the members of the with the crowd rather than to stand up have Indicated that they may follow a similar New Britain Junior Women's Club in the for individual beliefs. course. The Federal Maritime Commission has suc­ dedication of a living memorial to the Those who saw this photograph in the ceeded in other areas as well in its obliga­ 11 young men from this city who had Star realize that these two young men tions toward the commerce of the United given their lives in the Vietnam war. were indeed taunted by their protesting States. In the area. of intermoda.lism, the We gathered beneath dark skies, the colleagues and that they were outnum­ commission has promulgated rules to faclll­ families of the dead, friends, club bered during the confrontation. tate the utilization of intermodal rates and members, veterans representatives, But, the most important point to re­ systems which include ocean transportation. government officials, and a sprinkling of We have also been instrumental in bringing member is that these two students may about some lntermodal rates in the United students in simple, but majestic tribute have been in the minority in this par­ States/ United Kingdom trades as a result of to the memory of these gallant men. ticular photograph, but their point of the favorable settlement of the long simmer­ The setting, in this proud city where view is definitely that of the majority ing dispute between Container Marine Lines 14552 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 and the North Atlantic Westbound Confer­ American importers and exporters who use sult in their own countries and under their ence. American ships. Legislation could create eco­ own laws, thereby circumventing the need to In addition we are actively pursuing other nomic incentives through such tax relief or obtain Federal Maritime Commission ap­ ways to promote progress in lntermodalism, other similar devices. proval of their agreements. and we are always open to suggestions from The desired result is to create conditions I should make very clear at this point that members of the maritime industry, such as which would encourage our commercial car­ I am not advocating the disapproval of these yourselves, who participate in the workings goes to be directed to United States-flag ves­ joint arrangements or suggesting that they of ocean commerce. But today there is an­ sels. are undesirable or unnecessary. My purpose other matter I think requires the immediate Our shipping services must be of the high­ is rather to illuminate one aspect of the attention of all members of the maritime est quality to compete successfully in the competitive conditions in our foreign water­ community. world market. For this we must create and borne commerce and the position of our own Both protection and promotion are impor­ maintain a modern and efficient merchant flag carriers. tant aspects of the merchant marine policy fleet. But before we build such a fleet we But agreements which go only so far as of most maritime na.tions. In the United must know that the cargo will be there for to establish a new service through a joint States it is expressed through congressional our carriers to lift and be able to test their venture are only the beginning. action, and while for us the two functions are competitiveness. There is another significant aspect of the procedurally separated, they are everywhere But even if we achieve these goals, there Hapag-Lloyd/Holla.nd-America Line agree­ mutually dependent and equally important. must be markets open to American carriers. ment which goes a step further in consoli­ Promotion, as you know, is the responsibil­ It wm avail us little if we attain a modern dating the operations of the parties. Hapag­ ity mainly of the Maritime Administration; fleet and provide sufficient cargo if we find Lloyd and Holland-America Line have also and the Federal Maritime Commission has our foreign competitors have closed out our merged their entire existing and potential primarily regultory functions. In this frame­ own markets to us while we were still build­ service in our South Atlantic and Gulf Coast work the basic United States maritime policy ing our ships. Not being cross-traders, our trades. Where there were two steamship lines is to advance the wellbeing of our merchant carriers must be able to retain a larger share before, there is now one. It was on this basis marine through some preferential treat­ of the cargo in our own trades for them­ that I dissented from the Commission's ap­ ment, but at the same time to seek to secure selves. proval of the agreement. the viability of our merchant marine against What I have in mind is the recent trend There was not exhibited to my satisfaction debilitative actions directed against our car­ in ocean shipping toward consolidations of sufficient justification for so far reaching re­ riers and against the foreign commerce of the various kinds among foreign steamship oper­ strictions on competition. This is especially United States. The role of the Federal Mari­ ators. New technologies are producing new true when the only stated reason for the time Commission in this effort ls to ensure types of ships and new shipping systems re­ arrangement was the economic and mana­ not that our merchant marine always pre­ quiring la.rge capital outlays. And carriers gerial need for a joint venture into LASH vails, but that it never is the victim of any often find it more feasible to undertake new operations. unfair dealing detrimental to our commerce. endeavors on a joint basis. I do not say that the agreement is bad This policy that a strong and modern mer­ We at the Commission cannot, of course, or should be disapproved. I say only that chant marine is vital to our country was con­ impose our judgment over the carriers' man­ when the competition in our foreign trades firmed by Congress and the President as re­ agerial discretion. But we are obligated to is being steadily reduced, and an agreement cently as last year in the Merchant Marine ensure that the intent of our shipping laws is submitted which is more restrictive than Act of 1970. That Act completely revised our is not nullified by devices which circumvent previous similar ones, and which seems on ship subsidy program, and set as one of its the requirements of our statutes. Certain re­ its face to be more anti-competitive than main goals the revitalization of our merchant cent events underscore this development in necessary to achieve its purpose--then the marine through a long-range merchant ship­ international ocean shipping. The Federal Federal Maritime Commission is obligated, building program of 300 ships in the next Maritime Commission recently approved a.n on its own initiative, to ensure the approv­ ten years. agreement between Hapag-Lloyd steamship abllity of that agreement. As laudable as are the purposes of the 1970 company and Holland-America Line dealing It may well be, however, that the solution Act, efforts to achieve them will be in vain with those carriers' operations in the United to this problem of competitive restrictions is if the one crucial criterion is not met: enough States South Atlantic and Gulf Coast trades not within the ambit of the Commission's cargo to support the modern fleet which is with Europe. The agreement is called a joint powers. Perhaps we may be compelled to ap­ contemplated. service, but I consider it a merger of the prove such agreements without more than Cargo is the key to the future of our mer­ carriers' service in those trades; and I dis­ a cursory examination despite present law, chant marine. sented from the Commission's approval of or else leave them to be accomplished There must be sufficient potential cargo to the agreement without a thorough analysis abroad. warrant investment by our opertors in new of the type of agreement and its effects. United States anti-trust policy frowns on ship construction. monopolicies and other restrictions on com­ The first significant feature of the agree­ petition. It is only through exceptions to But the percentage of cargo in our foreign ment is that the two parties wlll establish ocean commerce being carried by American that policy that the Federal Maritime Com­ a. LASH service in the trades on a joint basis. mission and the other transportation agen­ ships has dwindled to about 5 % . And the sup­ The LASH ship is a relatively new type of ply of potential cargo is slowly being reduced cies are able to approve admittedly anti­ vessel and a large capital investment is re­ competitive activity. Other maritime coun­ by various means. These vary from wide­ quired to establish a LASH service. Conse­ spread government cargo control laws and tries take a different view of competition per­ quently, Hapag-Lloyd and Holland-America mitting a greater tolerance for restrictions other economic schemes which reduce the Line concluded it would be managerially and on competition. Thus Congress should deter­ supply of commercial cargo for open competi­ economically sound to enter into the ven­ tion, to carrier mergers and other joint ven­ mine whether American carriers may thereby ture jointly. Such a decision should not be be at a disadvantage in seeking to improve tures which restrict competition. Compound­ rejected by the Federal Maritime Commis­ ing these difficulties is the fact that American their competitive position, because the na­ sion as a basis for agreements. And in fact we tional anti-trust policy, even in the maritime carriers are generally not cross-traders and have approved a number of agreements of field, weighs the balance against restrictions do not participate in the oommerce between various types between carriers accomplishing other nations. Thus both cargo controls and on competition while foreign carriers are similar purposes. As a result there are about more easily able to strengthen their com­ arrangements to restrict competition are ten carriers in our trades which are the serious matters and deserve our immediate petitive posture. product of joint efforts of other carriers de­ If that is true, it may be time to re-ex­ attention. sirous of establishing new and technolog­ amine our shipping laws to determine if any The matter of cargo controls is one with ically advanced services. With the high cost statutory changes are required in view of which the United States ought to be able of developing such services not likely to recent developments in ocean transportation. to contend. This country was one of the orig­ abate, we can probably expect even more The radical changes occurring in technology inators of overt cargo preferences, and other joint arrangements or consortia of carriers. and types of service indicate to me a need to countries which have begun to implement From the point of view of the American scrutinize our shipping laws to see if they are their own cargo controls in many cases merchant marine and the United States for­ suited to today's shipping world. claim to be following our lead. eign commerce, these joint arrangements are In cases such as that involving the Ha.pag­ Long ago Congress determined that 100% notable for the absence of participation by Lloyd/Holland-America Line agreement, the of our military cargo and 50% of all other American carriers. As a result, while Ameri­ measure of approvabillty should be clarified government impelled cargo must be carried can carriers are waging the competitive bat­ in light of current conditions. This would on American ships. We have thus succeeded tle on an individual basis, the foreign car­ a.ccom.plish two important purposes. First, it in preserving a valuable segment of our riers are consolidating and strengthening would nullify the need for extended regula­ ocean commerce for our own carriers. If we their competitive position. tory wrangling; and, second, it would pre­ can accomplish this by statute, we ought to But even if the Federal Maritime Com­ vent the taking of regulatory actions of du­ be able to accomplish the same ends for mission found it necessary or possible, with­ bious foundation based on a desire to ac­ other types of cargo. And steps should be in the framework of our shipping laws, to commodate modern needs. taken toward considering means of doing so disapprove the joint arrangements, we prob­ If current shipping laws do not permit without delay. ably could not do so. When foreign carriers the Federal Maritime Commission to act in One approach might be tax benefits to are involved. they can achieve the same re- accordance with the exigencies of modern May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14553 transportation those laws should be a.mended agreements should be updated, considering We have tried to do this in the Tennessee as soon as possible. But now is a. particularly the conditions of modern international ocean Valley. And even in a day '.Vhen some voices propitious moment to begin because the Sen­ transportation. are being raised against more man-made ate Commerce Committee is a.bout to begin And, third, the Commission's jurisdiction lakes, the evidence of their beneficial results Oversight Hearings on Ocean Transporta­ over mergers should be codified to erase exist­ is overwhelmingly in their favor. As time goes tion and Regulation and the Federal Mari­ ing uncertainty and to place jurisdiction over on, operating changes may become necessary time Commission. The House Merchant and maritime mergers in the agency best suited to accommodate to the changing needs of Fisheries Committee may also wish to look to deal with them. the people. In some cases, new structures and into the matter. Laws should not be permitted to become new impoundments may have to be created While on the subject of re-examining our outdated; and when they no longer are suited to meet long-term needs, but in other in­ shipping laws, I wish to mention one more to the changing conditions in a regulated stances the preserving of a natural river will matter of great importance. There is a case industry, it is time to update the laws so be just as important. now pending at the Federal Maritime Com­ that progre3s will be unimpeded. But whatever the accommodation neces­ mission and in the federal courts which sary in the future, the system of dams and points to another area of cloudiness in the reservoirs built by TVA over the past 38 shipping statutes. That case involves the years has been a powerful force for accom­ proposed merger of United States Lines and plishing the regeneration of a great region. Sea-Land Service, Inc., two of our country's CHAIRMAN WAGNER OF TENNESSEE It has contributed immeasurably and un­ largest steamship companies. VALLEY AUTHORITY EMPHA­ deniably to human welfare. It will continue In 1968 the United States Court of Ap­ SIZES IMPORTANCE OF WATER to do so for future generations. peals for the 9th Circuit decided that the RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT-AN­ You may be interested to know thart; since Federal Maritime Commission has jurisdic­ SWERING CRITICISMS OF ENVI­ TVA was created, more than 50,000 people tion over merger agreements between car­ RONMENTALISTS have come to us from foreign countries to riers subject to the Commission's authority. see our dams, reservoirs, fertilizer research In the U.S. Lines/ Sea-Land case the Jus­ laboratories, forest nurseries, and other in­ tice Department is contesting that conclu­ HON. JOE L. EVINS stallations, and to ta'lk with TVA people sion; and a preliminary decision by a fed­ about them. They have included monarchs eral district court judge in New Jersey up­ OF TENNESSEE and chiefs of state from every pa.rt of the held the Justice Department. The judge con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES globe-plus engineers, economists, biologists, cluded that the Commission has no jurisdic­ Tuesday, May 11, 1971 administrators, and many others. Only a few tion over mergers but that they are within weeks ago we had with us for a week the the ambit of the anti-trust jurisdiction of Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, representatives from all four countries on the the Justice Department. Chairman Aubrey J. Wagner of the Committee for CoordinSltion of Investiga­ I believe the Federal Maritime Commission Board of Directors of the Tennessee Val­ tions of the Lower Mekong Basin in south­ does have jurisdiction over mergers. And ever ley Authority, in a recent address in east Asia. since the enactment of the Shipping Act of Knoxville, provided a most perceptive TVA is pleased if its experience proves 1916 it has been assumed that the Commis­ useful to these many other nations as they sion is vested with such jurisdiction. Ac­ insight and overview of the necessity move toward fuller and better managed use cordingly all maritime merger agreements for water management. of their water and other resources to serve have been filed with the Commission for Chairman Wagner pointed out that the their peoples. In many instances, their approval. system of dams and reservoirs built by planned developments dwarf the achieve­ At the very least, therefore, it is appro­ TVA over the past 38 years has been ments of TVA. And so we in TVA stand back priate for Congress to clarify the situation a powerful force for the revitalization of and admire the great dams and reservoirs on as soon as possible, one way or the other. the Tennessee Valley in terms of eco­ other great rivers-the Akosombo on the The Interstate Commerce Commission and nomic prosperity and human growth and Volta, the Kariba on the Zambezi, rthe Pah­ the Civil Aeronautics Board have explicit ls.Vi on the Dez in Iran, and many others. statutory authority over mergers and the development. AH are monumental ·in size-larger than any­ matter ought to be similarly legislated with Chairman Wagner said further that thing we have in this Va.lley--and monu­ respect to the Federal Maritime Com.mission. to attempt to rewrite history and to say mental in their contribution to the people The best solution would be for Congress now that these dams and their benefits of the countries in which they a.re located. to confirm the jurisdiction of the Commis­ have not been the keystone of progress Lt is .appropriate therefore that we gather sion over mergers. Only the Federal Maritime in the Tennessee Valley could be com­ together as a family, as we are doing in this Commission is highly knowledgeable a.bout pared to reverting to the lonely drudgery symposium, to share our experience and learn mergers of foreign-flag shipping lines and the of the scrub board, the wood burning from each other. Our enterprises must be competition they offer American-flag carriers made to work in the widest variety of cli­ fully within our jurisdiction. And as I said stove, and oil lamps and-the awful mate, geography, and soil conditions. They earlier, those foreign mergers can be accom­ devastation and terror from disastrous will have varying impacts on our different plished a.broad free of our shipping laws. But floods. He answered many criticisms of cultures, economies, and ecologies. By com­ they a.re not free of our special awareness of environmentalists who oppose progress. paring our experience, we can better antici­ the effect foreign mergers have on the com­ Because of the interest of my col­ pate the problems of the future and better petitive conditions in our ocean commerce. leagues and the American people in this cope with them. With this expertise it is appropriate that the most important subject, I place in the I well recall the high school student who, assigned to do a brief essay on Socrates, Federal Maritime Commission should possess RECORD herewith the following address the same merger jurisdiction as the ICC and wrote: "Socrates was a Greek. He was a CAB, especially at a time when intermodal­ by Chairman Wagner: philosopher. He went about giving people ism is so important an aspect of interna­ SOME FACTS AND SOME MYTHS ABOUT advlce. They poisoned him." tional transportation. WATER CONSERVATION Now I don't want to fall into Socrates' er­ The guardians of our anti-trust pclicy (By TVA Chairman A. J. Wagner) ror, nor to submit to his fate. have traditionally taken a view of trans­ TVA is honored that you have come to the Nevertheless, I want to say -philosophi­ portation industry mergers far more restric­ Tennessee Valley for this week-long sym­ cally---..ithat river development in the pattern tive than the view adopted by the transpor­ posium on man-made lakes. I am sure that that you have been discussing this week tation agencies which possess a special ex­ you have been thoroughly and formally wel­ must be regarded as an historic turning point pertise in the field. And this restrictive view comed both to the University of Tennessee in man's relationship to his environment. carries with it a lack of consideration of the and to TVA, but I am glad for this oppor­ Of necessity, man has always built his international aspects of ocean commerce and tunity to be among you and add my per­ civilizations on the banks of rivers. Primitive the competitive conditions with which sonal greetings. societies found there a food supply, wa,ter American cairriers must contend. The Tennessee Valley Authority has broad for personal needs, the rudiments of sanita­ In conclusion, I believe there are three responsibilities in the development of all re­ tion, and the earliest means for heavy trans­ areas in which new legislation is needed to sources-the land, water, forests, and min­ portation. Ancient civilizations learned to bolster the foreign waterborne commerce of erals. It also has responsibilities for weavtng pipe and channel their rivers and to harness the United States. together these resources in patterns of agri­ their immense mechanical power. In later First, our importers and exporters should cultural, industrial, commercial, and social centuries, industries gathered at the shore­ be given economic incentives--such as tax growth that will bring about improved qual­ lines ito make use of this power as well as the benefits--to encourage the carriage of our ity of life for nearly seven million people in river's water supplies and low-cost transport. com.merce on American ships. the region. In all our efforts, water is the uni­ But all this was done at the mercy of the Second, the legislative criteria for Federal fying thread that ties the whole fabric of all-powerful rain god. Torrents from the Maritime Commission approval of restric­ growth together. Each water feature of our skies turned into cataclysms on the river tive and monopolistic agreements should be earth, in the Tennessee Valley and elsewhere, banks. Time after time the river claimed examined by the Congress to determine should be used In ways that best serve ma.n's and reclaimed its flood plain and swept away whether the national policy towards such long-term needs. in disaster the flimsy structures of man. It CXVII--915-Pairt 11 14554 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 was the taming of these disastrous floods grown more profitably under simulated con­ The overriding fact is that most of our that made not only the waters but the shores ditions. Pipes buried beneath the soil will rivers will deteriorate in quality and useful­ of our great streams safe and usable. carry warm water to croplands to see whether ness unless they are managed! America's Now, in the twentieth century, with mod­ a combination of heat and irrigation can struggle to save its major rivers is widely ern techniques of multipurpose river devel­ lengthen the growing season and increase known. What is not so widely known is the opment, cities with their homes and indus­ crop production. unhappy parallel on some of our remote tries can use the shorelines in relative secu­ A livestock feedlot and poultry house will streams. The visual evidence in many parts rity. Mechanical power has been replaced by be heated and cooled by warm water from of Appalachia today is that too many moun­ electrical power, many times more useful. the plant to find out whether production is tain streams, once sparkling clear and And many extra. values have been built into improved when the animals and poultry live abounding in fish life, have become carriers these river control systems. under controlled temperatures. We even plan of waste and litter from those who live and In the Tennessee Valley, for example, we to recycle waste from these facillties. By mix­ play carelessly on their banks. The pressures have eliminated malaria prima.rily by fluc­ ing these wastes with warm water we may be of a changing, mobile, growing society ex­ tuating the levels of certain lakes. During able to speed the production of algae and tend from the sources of the stream to its the time when malaria-carrying mosquitoes other aquatic plants which then can be har­ mouth. are breeding we lower the level of these lakes vested and processed into livestock feeds. True, by the same token, stream develop­ about a foot, then raise them back a.gain Whatever may come of these lines of re­ ment and use today is far more complex than in a cycle that takes a.bout a. week. This search, it is already abundantly clear that ever before. Attention must be given not simple operation serves to strand the mos­ our man-made lakes are vital sources of only to the needs of cities and industries for quito larvae, which disposes of many of cooling water in thermal power generation water supply and waste disposal and ln some them, and then refloats them to become food as we meet man's ever-rising needs for elec­ instances to electric power and irrigration, for fishes. In the Tennessee Valley tens of tricity. This ls true whether the heat ls dis­ but also to the guardianship of many aspects thousands-perhaps hundreds of thou­ sipated by returning water to the reservoirs of cultural value. sands-a.re well and working today because or by discharge directly into the atmosphere A valley may have assets of archaeological this by-product of dam oonstruction has through cooling towers. or historical importance or an appealing nat­ freed them from malaria's scourge. Around This has been a rather sketchy and bob­ ural beauty. It may provide the habitat !or the world, the figure is in the millions. tailed review of man's use of his rivers from fish and game. It may have sections possess­ Adaptations for recreation are highly var­ the stone age to the atomic age, but I had ing qualities of remoteness with the appeal ied on TVA lakes. Not only are these waters a purpose in doing it. It demonstrates a sim­ of the wilderness or with unique recreation used for the customary sports such as fish­ ple fact which is too often forgotten in this possibilities. All these and more must be ing, swimming, and all kinds of boating. In age of environmental consciousness. That taken into consideration. Obviously, it would addition, in the spring, when water tem­ f.act is that man must always manage his be as absurd to build a dam at every dam peratures are right for fish spawning, the water supplies-from now to eternity. We site or to bottle up every creek and branch levels of the lakes a.re held stable to cradle have all the water there is or ever will be. as it would be to stop building dams alto­ safely the new offspring of the year. We The ever lasting cycle of rainfall cannot be gether. Each situation must be appraised have found that species of fish previously increased or diminished in any significant in the llght of its own merits and of the unknown in the lakes of this area now thrive degree. The water supply we have today must needs of the most people. and grow. Striped bass have been success­ serve forever, no matter how our society In the management of water resources, fully transplanted from the Atlantic Ocean. changes or how society changes its use of the techniques available are limited. We The muskellunge, a fighting sport fish, was water. can channel water, and pipe it, and pump formerly found in the area only occasionally The corollary of this principle is found it, to widen its avallablllty. And we can im­ in some Cumberland Mountain streams. It in the methods of modern science and en­ pound it so that when nature's abundant has now been restocked as a lake fish and gineering which have enabled us to build rainstorms fall, the water does not rush to is rather commonly caught in some of our huge structures, manage stream-flows of Im­ the sea unused. Or we can preserve it in colder reservoirs in sizes exceeding 25 mense volume, generate large amounts of something approaching its natural state. pounds. electricity, stimulate new arteries of water­ That is about all. But these techniques can One of the exciting new sports gaining in borne commerce, irrigate vast areas of arid still be extremely useful in carrying out popularity is white water canoeing, riding land, offer boundless outlets for recreation. both national and regional objectives. down a swift mountain stream, splashing Few accomplishments of man can match Let me use as an example a small tribu­ between the rocks, to the quiet waters be­ this mastery of our river systems. Man-made tary of the Tennessee called the Duck River, low. TVA has found it feasible to schedule lakes have stored the excesses of fiood a stream most of you never heard of. Along its power generation at certain mountain periods and used them to fill in the gaps its valley a farm-to-city migration is under dams, releasing enough water to provide a in water needs during drought sea.sons. way as employment in agriculture declines. sutficient flow for such canoe races. The There is no other way to change this kind The result ls mounting pressures of many next day the stream may be smooth and of disaster into a blessing. kinds on the small cities of this area. These sps.rkling, with trout fishermen casting into Yet we find people whispering sugges­ towns now obtain their water supplies from the quiet pools. tions-perhaps out of mistaken nostalgia for the river, which has poorly sustained fiows, On the other end of the spectrum is the a past they never knew-perhaps forgetful or from springs and wells which are becom­ significant role to be played by our reservoirs of devastation that comes from floods or the ing increasingly unsatisfactory both in the in the generation of electricity from nuclear lonely drudgery of the scrub board and the quality and the quantity of the water they fuels. Because nuclear power plants use the wood burning stove-we hear suggestions yield. Modest industrial growth has occurred heat content of their fuels less completely that things might have been just as well if and resulted in a more diversified manu­ than fossil-fueled plantf;l, the use of water for the dams hadn't been built. But the over­ facturing economy. But the growth prospects cooling assumes much greater importance. It whelming proof is to the contrary. Multi­ of existing and future new industry are also poses considerable ditficulties in manag­ purpose river development has proved its limited by the present water supply. ing the heated water so that it caiuses no value beyond question. Paradoxically, an area receiving abundant harm to aqua.tic life. In the light of these self-evident facts, it annual rainfall cannot meet the future needs TVA is proceeding with great caution in has surprised me that we now find some of its commerce and industry for lack of designing its nuclear plants for this reason. even advocating a total moratorium on dam water! It faces a future Of economic stagna­ we are determined that no installation of building. Their contention is that the con­ tion and underemployment which then can ours will degrade the usefulness of the Ten­ struction of dams in the past has been done only swell the tide of migration to America's nessee River. We and the people of this region central cities with their immense social and primarily for political reasons with decisions economic problems. Meanwhile, the demands have spent more than a generation repairing as to what to build and where to build made the damage done to our resources by those on the Duck increase and its beauty and on the basis of legislative logrolllng. The po­ utility decline. who lived before us. We do not intend to im­ litically desirable dams now have been built, pose a similar burden on those who follow us. TVA proposes to build two dams on the the argument goes, so why build more? upper segment of the Duck-6mall dams in In association with other Federal agencies, Moreover, all regions of the country are now comparison with those many Of you have TVA is building a research center at our fully settled. Rural areas are giving up their Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant which will seen in the Knoxville vicinity. The dams are populations to the cities. Consequently, any so located and their reservoirs so designed as simulate some of the aspects of the aquatic remaining dams would have only local and habitat under a variety of temperature con­ to preserve by far the greater share of the therefore limited benefit. And in any case, stream's historical and ecological features ditions and enable us to determine far more we are told, the big push for more dams is accurately than we now know the effects of as well a.sits cha.ractertstics as a :float stream. being conducted by "vested J,p.terests" in the with its canyons, caves, and other beauty warm water on fish, mussels and their food form of large government agencies trying to organisms. spots. In addition, the impoundments will perpetuate themselves with unneeded con­ create a whole new opportunity for water­ But we wm go further and set up a test­ struction projects. oriented recreation, including a new wild­ ing station to find ways of using warm water These are comfortable prefarbricated life refuge. beneficially. Warm water from the plant will myths if you are building a dream castle, But most of all, these two dams will enable be used to determine whether vine-ripened but they are a flimsy framework for con­ us to manage the river to protect its own tomatoes, cucumbers, and lettuce can be structing a sound public water supply policy. waters for future generations. They will pro- May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14555 vide a base for commerce and industry that sympathetic and determined people came body in any walk of Ufe. I have never seen, will furnish needed employment for local together last Sunday to pledge their nor do I believe anybody ever saw, President people. And in so doing, they will contribute faith to the cause of freedom for all Eisenhower make a decision with the slight­ materially to one of our important national est consideration of how he himself would objectives--to stem the tide of migration to Soviet Jews. come out of it. Those Canarsie citizens came together our metropolitan areas by creating centers "SHEER DUTY" of prosperity and beauty in sections now in the kind of meeting the Russians can~ considered rural. not ignore. Such gatherings, held in hun­ Cervantes wrote that the ambition of every There are other similar situations in the dreds and thousands by innumerable Spanish general is to save his country by Tennessee Valley in which water is the key to becoming its ruler. There is none of this ordinary Americans, raise a cry the So­ among our nation's top military people as a a satisfactory human environment. In these viets have grudgingly heeded. Public areas further water management techniques, whole and in Gen. Eisenhower's case the including dam construction, are on our draw­ outcries against their treatment of So­ White House was literally thrust upon him. ing boards for the future-because they are viet Jews embarrasses the Russians. Is there another case in modern politics necessary. They do not like it. Sunlight is our best where a feeling of sheer duty alone gave a And so it must always be. Neither the needs disinfectant. Legitimate protest against truly reluctant "yes"? for river development nor the techniques of these actions is the best weapon to use Political life was doubly hard for President its execution are static. As long as man pro­ against such modern-day despots. And Eisenhower because he encountered so much creates, as long as man invents and produces self-serving image-making in it. He was the American citizens in my area of the Na­ first TV president and, privately, he was pro­ goods, as long as he has desires for better tion are utilizing it effectively. things and a better way Of life, he will make foundly worried about this mesmeriZing new demands on his rivers and waters. Each Such efforts will not cease until the tube's political potential. generation must respond with better ways Jews of Russia are allowed to go free. It was politically advantageous for the of meeting those demands. I shall support these endeavors until that Kennedy Administration to belittle Gen. To those of you who come from the banks time comes, as it eventually must. Eisenhower as President and create a fantasy of the Danube, the Rhine, and the Thames, that smoke-screened the truth. This de­ this is not a new story. To TVA and to the liberately ignored, among President Eisen­ United States it is an evolving story with hower's contributions, his wise conservation many of the answers yet to come. To you who IKE FULFILLED MISSION of presidential authority which was so im­ are entrusted with the management of the mensely valuable. Zambezi, the Nile, and the Mekong, this He inherited a nation loaded with doubt story will have its greatest meaning as your HON. TIM LEE CARTER and suspicion. But he so successfully calmed economies and social systems grow and OF KENTUCKY the diverse ferment that critics actually re­ change. proached him for running such a quiet We will be waoohing you with interest and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ship-their reward to him for getting the job learning from your experience. And we want Tuesday, May 11, 1971 done selfiessly and without trumpets. you to know that we in TVA will always wel­ DEFUSED FEAB come you back to refiect upon our mistakes Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, I remem­ as well as our progress. And I expect that ber with much satisfaction the time when He inherited the Cold War and achieved whenever you return you will find, as you Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower was our stabllity in handling it. He inherited a na­ now do, that water is the u.n.ifying thread in President. He inherited a nation weighted tion fearful of atomic holocaust and de­ this multiple-purpose, multiple-resource de­ with doubt and suspicion, and he so fused all that, only to leave office to a suc­ velopment effort. And man-made lakes will successfully calmed the diverse troubles cessor who cried for more missiles and for still be the keystone in our water-use plans. shock troops to fight guerrilla wars by heli­ that critics actually reproached him for copters. running such a quiet ship-their reward When President Eisenhower moved he to him for getting the job done selflessly made sure he had everything in hand or he THE VOICE THAT CANNOT BE and without fanfare. did not move at all: For example, the Army, STILLED I commend the attention of the Mem­ Navy, Air Force and Marines to Lebanon­ bers of this body to the article by Henry more than 14,000 men. His successor staged J. Taylor: the incredible Bay of Pigs, and persisted in HON. FRANK J. BRASCO walking noislly while carrying little sticks. IKE F'ULFILLEo MISSION As if President Eisenhower and his resolute OF NEW YORK (By Henry J. Taylor) lack of romanticism were obsolete, and to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES On May 7, 1945, Gen. Dwight D. Eisen­ register his own image, President Kennedy Tuesday, May 11, 1971 hower tersely cabled the combined Chiefs of stated: "We have been granted the role of Staff in Washington: "The mission of the defending freedom in its hour of maximum Mr. BRASCO. Mr. Speaker, it is well Allied force was fulfilled at 0241, local time." danger. I welcome that role!" And then when for us to bear in mind the fact that while On Nov. 4, 1952, he was elected President of President Kennedy orated that "now the we enjoy a vast spread of individual the United States and then reelected by the trumpets summon us again," he literally did freedoms, numbers of others do not pos­ largest majority ever given. On March 28, not know what he was asking for or the fa­ sess such privileges. One of the most con­ 1969, age 78, he passed into America's his­ tal, irrevocable step he was taking by defy­ tinually oppressed groups of this kind tory-to live there forever. ing former President Eisenhower's advice and "Great men die twice," philosopher Paul sending the first American troops into the is the Jewish population of the Soviet Valery said, "once as men and once as great." ghastly quicksand of Vietnam. Union, groaning under a tyranny that Our nation bid Dwight D. Eisenhower a sor­ French President Charles de Gaulle once toys with them as a cat does with a rowful farewell on both counts. said of aged Marshal Petatn: "Old age is a. trapped mouse. It was impossible not to like him. On a shipwreck." President Eisenhower's ending Most of the time, these people are giv­ visit to his Abilene, Kan. boyhood home, he was the absolute antithesis of this. Until the en solely the right to die and pay tax­ said one day: "I suppose we were poor, but very last day of his life the years that had es. More of ten than not, they are dis­ the glory of it was that we never knew it." passed over his head, God bless him, left criminated against in the most blatant And even during the war, with five stars on only their springtimes behind. his shoulder, he was certainly a lot more way. They are the only minority so thoughtful and easier to talk with than treated today in Russia. many a second lieutenant I met one place Those who have courage to speak out and another. RUMANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY are either banished, heaved into asylums "NO VANITY" or persecuted outright in a thousand He had all the qualities, large and small, ulgy ways. Yet their courage is unflag­ that induce loyalty. He had no unkindness at HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. ging. Their determination to live life all; his whole nature was charitable; he had OF OHIO freely as Jews is a fire no Soviet freeze no malice in him whatever. This man, one IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can put out. And its warmth is felt of the most-honored men in all history, was across the miles in the hearts of those Kipling's "If" personified. He had many occa­ Monday, May 10, 1971 sions to walk with kings and had no illu­ who seek to feel it. sions of grandeur; no egotism, no jealousy, Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, it is en­ That in turn has generated a response no vanity. tirely appropriate that we in this body all across America. One of its strongest Gen. Eisenhower lived his life. It didn't live and in this Nation pause today to ob­ echos was felt this last Sunday in Ca­ him-and never, never in respect to honors. serve Rumania's Independence Day. narsie-in my own area of Brooklyn, But a thought also occurs to me that ls a May 10 is to the Rumanians as July 4 N.Y. There a group of compassionate, wonderful thing to be able to say about any- is to us-the day on which a nation's 14556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 freedom is commemorated and cele­ Charles H. Callison, executive vice-president Joseph J. Shomon, director of the nature brated. Unfortunately, the real meaning of the national society. "If the offer is ac­ centers division, Duryea Morton, director of of freedom is known only to those Ru­ cepted by the directors, we intend to make educational services, and Edward M. Brig­ manians residing outside of their mother this the very best such center in the country. ham III, director of the northern midwest country. Therefore, in joining our Ru­ "It will be unique from the standpoint of region. the opportunities it will provide for educa­ "It is our considered judgment that the manian brother in the observance of their tion because of its convenient location and 185 acre farm ... has very great potential as Independence Day, we, in reality, are its ecological diversity." an Audubon center," they reported. uniting with them in the hope and trust Although the society's board has indicated "No fewer than five habitats merge here: that future such occasions will find all it is receptive to the offer, Gal11son said, for­ Lake Michigan, the lakeshore, midglacier Rumanians a free people. mal action cannot be ta.ken until the next flood plain, hardwood forest on the bluffs and meeting of the 30 directors. This will be held upper lakeshore plain. These give the area at­ at the society's national convention May 20-- tra.tive physical and biological diversity. 24 at the Sheraton-Schroeder Hotel here. CALL LOCATION IDEAL The society now has a 400 acre nature cen­ SCHLITZ FOUNDATION OFFERS NA­ ter at Greenwich, Conn., one of 300 acres "The location is ideal from an educational TURE TRACT TO AUDUBON SO­ a.t Sharon, Conn., and a center of less than standpoint. There are well over 180,000 stu­ CIETY 100 acres at Dayton, Ohio, and has assisted in dents within an hour's bus ride, as well as the development of a.bout 100 others oper­ thousands of teachers for whom workshops ated by various public and priv·ate agencies. could be conducted. The Co-operative Edu­ cational Service Agency ls a regional, locally HON. HENRY S. REUSS PUPILS WOULD BENEFIT oriented educational service ready to co­ OF WISCONSIN A society publication has defined a nature operate with the society in co-ordinating IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ceniter as "a part of wild America set aside children's visits, teachers' workshops and and interP,reted for the enjoyment and edi­ adult education. Thursday, May 6, 1971 fication of the people of a community." "None of us is aware of any existing nature Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, stories which Callison explained that such a center was center or environmental education center in used principally by school classes and other a city with property located on a major lake­ tell of the pollution of our air, the fouling groups interested in learning about the shore. of our waters, the death of entire species, IUllturaJ. environment as well as enjoying it. "This in itself makes the Nine Mile Farm are commonplace these days, but good Access to such centers is controlled. Pro­ unique and would give it national and even news on the environmental front is rare. vision is made for the indiVidual who wants international significance." Therefore it particularly pleases me to to walk the trails, but the number of visitors The report indicated that an existing farm­ be able to call attention to the public­ is limited to avoid the over-use thait could house could be improved and used as a care­ spirited action of the Schlitz Foundation ruin the center's na.tural advantages. taker's residence. Lumber salvaged in tearing and Mr. Robert A. Uihlein, Jr., in offering Call.1son said a private, nonprofit organiza­ down a barn and garage could be used in tion llke the society was in a better position building a. smaller replica of the existing barn an unspoiled 185-acre tract just north of to llmlt public access than a governmental to preserve the farm atmosphere, the report Milwaukee to the National Audubon So­ agency would be. added. ciety for use as a nature center. While PARKS' ASSETS DISAPPEAR It suggested that extra beams from the such a multimillion-dollar gift is difficult barn be used in the "interpretive building"­ to duplicate quantitatively, I hope that it "In the national parks, the number of the visitors' center, which is expected to be Visitors is sometimes so great that they wear built near the top of the bluff, overlooking may set an example for environmentally away the natural assets the parks were conscious actions by others. The follow­ the lake, east of the present terminus of created to protect," he said. "A public agen­ Brown Deer Rd. ing article, which appeared in the Mil­ cy finds it very hard to control the number waukee Journal on May 2, describes the because every visitor represents a vote." BOUGHT IN 1880'8 Schlitz Foundation gift off er: Assuming that the society board accepts Nine Mile Farm-so named because it was NINE-Mn.E FARM OFFERED TO AUDUBON the gifts, Ca.111son sa.id, the nature center a nine mile buggy ride from the Jos. Schlitz SOCIETY here could be opened by the summer of 1972 Brewing Co.-was purchased in the 1880's by and operate the year a.round. members of the Uihlein family. {By Robert W. Wells} A visitors' center, including a meeting In the early yea.rs, it was used mainly for The Nine Mile Farm in Bayside has been room or audLtorium, would be built, a.long family picnics. Brewery horses were some­ offered to the National Audubon Society for with parking facilities, nature trails and times pastured there, the meadows providing creation of what is predicted to be the na­ other fac:ilities needed to make Nine Mile relief to hooves accustomed to cobblestone tion's finest nature education center. A gift Fa.rm into an open air laboratory for nBlture streets. of $1.3 million will be made to finance prep­ study. Sons of several of the six Uihlein brothers aration of the site and operation of the STUDY MATERIAL PROVIDED who took over operations of the brewery center. after the death of Joseph Schlitz planted Robert A. Uihlein Jr., president of the The staff would be headed by a. d.1rector­ many of the trees on the property. Those Schlitz Foundation, announced Saturday that natura11st, Callison said, and would include seedlings have grown into tree&_ that are now several other full time naturalists. Educa­ 60 or more years old. the foundation directors had voted to pre-· tLona.l exhibits would be proVided to serve as sent the 185 acre tract to the society for what a kind of nature museum. No Uihlein ever lived there, but many would be called the Schlitz-Audubon Nature A group visiting such a center, Call1son family memories are associa.ted with the Center. said, is met by a staff natur&llst who sug­ property. Robert Jr., recalled Saturday that Members of the Uihlein family are provid­ he had heard stories from his father of how ing $1.2 million of the $1.3 million grant that gests what the visitors should look for on as a boy Robert Sr., camped on the bluff goes with the foundation's gift, with the rest the trails. He accompa.nles the group during there. its hike, but children are encouraged to make from another contributor. All of the individ­ USED FOR CAMPING their own discoveries raither than simply uals involved made the gifts anonymously. "Several kids and the family tutor, Ger­ The tract, at 8566 N. Lake Dr., has an esti­ looking where the naturalist points. Study material is provided to teachers to hard Hubert Baig, who taught them German mated value of over $1.5 million. It is the and other languages, drove out there from the largest area of undeveloped land on Lake prepare classes for the visit, Callison said, and additional written information is dis­ city in a pony cart," Uihlein said. "They took Michigan in the Milwaukee area. tents and camped for several days. That was "The foundation feels such a nature center tributed for later discussion. Special workshop sessLons for teachers a.re in 1893 when my faither was 10." would put this unspoiled tract to the best The property has not been farmed for possible use, maintaining its natural beauty held a.t the center to show them how to use the naitural environment as a laboratory in many years. Most of it is entirely as nature and wildlife population for common enjoy­ made it. ment," Uihlein said. their own communities. The center is also designed for use by other Included in the gift are such hidden as­ "Hundreds of thousands of people, young sets as a resident deer herd-one family and old, would derive pleasure from it. In the groups, including garden clubs, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts and a variety of organizations member, who has counted them, said there hands of the Audubon group, we think. the are 14---along with opossums, foxes, a va,riety Nine Mile Farm could become one of composed of either adults or children, Calli­ son added. of birds and other wildlife, such wild flowers America's leading nature centers, bringing as ladysllppers, rugged glacial ravines and national attention to the area." NO MASS RECREATION both woods and open meadows. A spokesman for the Audubon Society said "But visitation is by appointment," he In the early 1950s, when the brewery was Saturday that a nature center there would be said. "The center will never be operated as a owned entirely by Uihlein fa.mily members, more diverse ecologically than any similar mass recreation area." Schlitz gave the farm to the foundation. The center elsewhere. with the added advantage Last January, a general appraisal of the foundat.ion, a charttable philanthropic orga­ of being close to a major city. Nine Mlle Farm's posslb111tles as a nature niz-a.tion, has given to hospital, welfare, rec­ "It has wonderful possibilities," said center was made by three Audubon officla.ls, reational 1a.nd cultural causes. May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14557 VALUE HAS SOARED "We have to help people recapture an in­ OUR CROWDED HOUSEHOLD In recent years, with the Nine Mile Farm terest 1n the land," he said. "They need to growing increasingly valuable, a variety of see what this country used to be like and suggestions were made on what should be what it could be like. HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN done wl.ith it. "We must re-establish samples of ea.ch OF NEW YORK There was a division of opinion among type of land and manage them in a way that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES foundat1on directors as to whether the acre­ they w1ll retain their original natural char­ age should be donated to some approprle.te acteristics." Tuesday, May 11, 1971 group or sold, with the money used for other charitable purposes. Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, it is a The decision was reached last week after GEORGIA STATE SENATE PASSES privilege for me to call the attention of Elvis J. stahr, president of the N181tlonal Au­ A. RESOLUTION PERTAINING TO my colleagues in the House to the work dubon Society, and Morton presented an THE VIETNAM WAR of a remarkable man from my district in outline of their proposal to operate the fa.rm Queens, N.Y.-Mr. Robert I. Queen of as a nature center at a meeting of the foun­ Flushing. An article written by him, dation directors. HON. DAWSON MATHIS titled "Our Crowded Household," has One requirement was that enough money been accepted for publication in the be available to develop and operate the cen­ OF GEORGIA highly prestigious Page One Awards ter according to the high standards desired IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by both the society and the foundation. Part Yearbook of the Newspaper Guild of New of the $1.3 million contribution will provide Tuesday, May 11, 1971 York, published in this 37th anniversary an endowment fund for an annual operat­ Mr. MATHIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, year of 1971. This is the 20th time that ing budget of about $100,000. we are now in the second decade of in­ material by Mr. Queen has been so hon­ OFFER IS CONDITIONAL volvement in Vietnam, and the American ored, truly an unusual distinction for one The offer ls conditional on the society's public very strongly desires an end to the of the most talented writers I know. operating the fa.rm as a nature center in longest war in our Nation's history. Author, writer, public relations con­ accord with "standards deemed appropria.te sultant, Bob Queen's richly varied back­ by the Schlitz Foundation." If ·at any time Recognizing th.at almost 1,500 Geor­ gians have lost their lives, thousands ground is a prime factor in the character during the next 20 years such standards are and quality of his work. Many here will not met, the property reverts to the founda­ have been wounded, and at least 67 Geor­ tion. gia families have fathers or sons listed remember him as assistant to Congress­ Detailed plans for the center have not yet as prisoners of war or missing in action man Alfred E. Santangelo from 1960 to been worked out, but foundation spokesmen as a result of the war, the Georgia State 1963. He has an enviable reputation in said it was expected that the trails would in­ Senate has adopted a resolution which I the field of public relations, having writ­ clude pathways that could be used by persons ten many books, including one, "Creative in wheelchairs and that a nature trail fOr would like to call to the attention of my colleagues. PR for Your Special Evenra," which has the blind would be constructed. become a standard reference text at Assuming Audubon board approval of the The resolution follows: many universities. Having served the offer, representatives of the society and the RESOLUTION, GEORGIA STATE SENATE foundation will probably seek a zoning vari­ cause of broadcasting for over 30 years. ance from the Bayside Village Boa.rd to per­ Supporting negotiations to obtain a fur­ he is a life member of Broadcast Pio­ mit construction of the necessary buildings ther withdria.wal of American land forces neers. He has written for such produc­ and use of the site as a nature center. from Vietnam in exchange for a battlefield tions as "Suspense," "The Green Hor­ The farm is now zoned for one family cease-fire and return of our prisoners of war; and for other purposes. net," "The Web," and "The Shadow," dwellings, according to Atty. Edwin P. and also for the Greater New York Fund Wiley, representing several of the family Whereas, the war in Vietnam ha.s a.tfected members. every county, city and community in Geor­ panel shows and interviews. TAXES TOTAL $33,500 gia.; and In addition, he has served as public re­ Wiley said that to obtain .a tax exemption Whereas, almost 1,500 Georgians have lost lations counsel to New York State Sena­ their lives in the war; and for the property, it would be n~cessary to tor John R. Dunne and has engaged in get permission of the Milwaukee County Whereas, thousands of Georgians have been PR activities for innumerable organiza­ Board. Last year, he said, the taxes totaled wounded, and at least 67 Georgia families tions, public and private. He has also about $33,500, including $19,486 for schools, ha.ve fathers or sons listed as prisoners of served as a volunteer placement coordi­ $11,442 to the state, county and metropoli­ war or missing in action; and nator for various press and journalism tan sewerage district, $1,297 for Milwaukee Whereas, the United States is beginning associations. Area Technical College l\,Ud $1,273 to Bayside. its second decade of involvement in the long­ More than a year ago, Kurt W. Bauer, est war in our history; and Bob Queen represenra the highest type executive director of the Southeastern Wis­ Whereas, the Vietnam War 1s exceeded only of American, and embodies those ideals consin Regional Planning Oommiss1on, in­ by World war II as the most expensive in of service to the community which we so dicated that the commission staff hoped the our history; and badly need in these trouble times. I am farm would be preserved as an outdoor edu­ Whereas, the Vietna.m war is exceeded only glad to share with you this sample of his cational laboratory. by tihe two world wars and the Civil War in creative ability, marking, as it does, yet "The loss of this high quality site in one casualties; and another milestone in his distinguished of the primary environmental corridors of Whereas, the President of the United States career: the region through development for intensive bas stated that we do not seek a military urban use would be tragic indeed, not only victory in this war and has committed us to OUR CROWDED HOUSEHOLD--CHAPTER II to the people of Milwaukee County but to a poMcy of military withdrawal; and (By Robert I. Queen) all of southeastern Wisconsin,'' he added. Whereas, American men are stlll being Rene Dubos, internationally known bac­ Three years have gone by and by some killed and maimed, and Americans are still kind of domestic inverted Parkinson's Law teriologist and a Pulitzer Prize author who being held as prisoners Of war. is serving an ecological consultant to the the space in the apartment has expanded to as Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Sen­ accommodate things. Nothing in our home Schlitz brewery, is a member of a committee ate that this body hereby supports negotia­ representing the Schlitz Foundation in can be thrown out unless accompanied by tions to obtain a further withdrawal of Amer­ kicking and screaming-my wife screaming planning for the center. ican land forces from Vietnam and, if neces­ and our older son kicking. SAYS LI'ITLE IS LEFT sary, to set a date certain for such withdraw­ The stuffed animals have not left us-they "It is important to save what little is left al, in exchange for a battlefield cease-fire and have merely moved from bed to toy chest. of the beautiful lakefront," he said Saturday. return Of our prisoners of war. The beds, instead are loaded with rockets "That is almost too obvious to mention. Be it further resolved that the Secretary and models of lunar modules on one side of "But it has been my observation th.at when of the Senate is hereby authorized and di­ the boys' room and assorted miniature ca.rs land like this is released to the public but rected to tmnsm.it appropriate copies of this on the other. Every once in a while, in sheer not managed, not much has been done with Resolution to the President of the United frustra,tion, my wife gives one of the bed it. So it was necessary not only to deed over States, and to each member of the United spreads a yank without first unloading the the property but to do something to make States senate and House of Representatives objects, and artifacts fall as the gentle rain it more meaningful to people. from the State of Georgia. from heaven upon the floor beneath. Only our "Enough management is needed to make Adopted in Senate February 23, 1971. daughter keeps her bed as a place to sleep­ people feel a.t ease but, on the other hand, LESTER MADDOX, shared only by Raggedy Ann, Raggedy Andy, not so much as to lose the special quality.'' Presfdent of the Senate. (known until recently as "Boy" Raggedy Dubos said that so much of America's Attest: Ann), and a Teddy Bear. beautiful land had been lost that "to save HAMILTON MCWHORTER, We are also knee deep in paper back books, some of !t 1s very ttmely... Secretary of the Senate. the sohool and the Scholastic Magazine com- 14558 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 pany being busily engaged in fostering th• a member, began a series of hearings to­ habllitative treatment and that fact is go­ love of reading by selling low priced paper day on pending proposals for improve­ ing to enlarge a problem which we alread.Y back books to children who purchase their face without sufficient funds. assorted weekly magazines. ments in medical care for our Nation's I will use the Reno, Nevada, veterans cen­ For four years now we have been accumu­ veterans. ter as an example. This year the Reno facility lating See-Saw Books, Arrow Books, Weekly I am a cospansor of a key measure, is experiencing a rejection of vet erans seek­ Reader Books, and Junior Scholastic Books H.R. 6568, which would give our com­ ing admission for medical aid at a rate of at a geometrically increasing rate. Every few mittee a direct say in any proposed con­ over 40 percent. The center does not have months the private book shelves get over­ struction, addition to or closing of VA the room to take these people, who I 8Jll loaded and the books are moved along to hospitals. The bill was introduced by informed, all were eligible for assistance. the next child in line, leaving the youngest, the full committee chairman, the Hon­ These wanting veterans have to tllrn to Ann Claire, the uninterested possessor of other facilities today which means an air­ untold books about steamshovels, pickup orable OLIN E. TEAGUE of Texas. plane or lengthy and tiring road trip to an· trucks and bulldozers, when what she really Another measure being considered is other facility where again the veteran may likes are Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty. H.R. 2157, which I introduced in Janu­ have to apply and be placed on a waiting list. When she reached three, Ann Claire had to ary, provide pay differentials for DEMAND UP, BEDS FEWER had enough. Women's Lib to the contrary, nurses in VA hospitals. I SPonsored simi­ she was a girl and glad of it. Equal was okay, lar legislation in the 91st Congress and The number of beds at the Reno facility but the same was definitely not! are decreasing. In fact, an announcement Her declaration of independence came the need for action increases by the in August of last year indicated that $70,000 when my wife was fitting her with the days. would be put into the Reno veterans center next size in raincoats that were lined up At the apening session of the subcom­ for more beds. That contract was cancelled in the closet. Ann Claire took one look and mittee today, the gentleman from Ne­ sometime within the last few months. These announced that she did not want boy's rain­ vada

our heartfelt felicitations to you and to the strength of freedom will destroy tyrannical freedom of the nation and the people. In the great people of the Republic of China on the enslavement. This has extraordinary signifi­ fight against Communist aggression and occasion of your Freedom Day. It is my fer­ cance for our times. threats of enslavement, the Republic of vent hope that the heroic struggle of the Freedom Day of this year coincides with China stands today in the Western Pacific people of the Republic of China for defend­ the 60th year of the Republic of China. I as a mainstay for Asia's freedom and se­ ing freedom wm be continued with great have pointed out that the Republic of China's curity. At the same time, it is regarded success. decade of the 60s (the 1970s) will be an epoch unanimously by the 700 million Chinese for the realization of justice, freedom and mainland people as the source of hope for re­ MESSAGE FROM HIS EXCELLENCY WALTER P. peace. Our National Revolution calls for g? .ning freedom. MCCONAUGHY, AMBASSADOR OF THE UNITED struggle in the cause of international jus­ As all of us are fully aware, the brilliant, STATES tice, human freedom and world peace. Goals heroic event of the Freedom Day in 1954 The struggle for human freedom expresses of the World Freedom Day Movement are has ':;aught us that freedom can be gained one of the highest aspirations of mankind. identical with those of the National Revolu­ only through firm and gallant struggles call­ January 23 commemorates a notable chap­ tion. ing for sacrifice and that joint determina­ ter in the history of this struggle. Seventeen The oligarch Mao Tse-tung, who incarnates ti :m and strong unity are needed if free­ years ago, on January 23, 1954, twenty-two all that is evil and brutal, has been trying dom is to be preserved forever. Unfortu­ thousand Chinese and Korean prisoners of to "revolt against the whole world" and stir nately the mistaken words and deeds of war chose to seek freedom abroad under the up endless troubles. He wants to turn the international appeasers today are in com­ auspices of the United Nations voluntary world into a gigantic prison resembling that plete contradiction to the way of victory repatriation program rather than to return on the Chinese ma.inland. International ap­ for freedom. Faced with the serious chal­ to the harsh regimen of life in their native peasers have nearsightedly ignored crime and lenges and threats of evil international Com­ lands under Communism. barbarism and have been too bewildered to munist forces, these appeasers are stooping Those who were so fortunate as to choose uphold justice and peace. This ha-s helped for monetary tranquility that they mock­ liberty and who subsequently came to Tai­ the Chinese Communists to expand their ag­ ingly call "peace" and are willing to shrink wan were not disappointed. During their gressions and has brought the appeasers to and retreat for what they deceptively name seventeen years of freedom they have wit­ the brink of self-destruction. Not only have "coexistence." Some of them have been nessed the remarkable growth achieved by the appeasers harmed themselves; they also frightened by the appalling outlook of Com­ the Republic of China under the inspired have permitted the mounting of a serious munists. Some others have been misguided leadership of President Chiang Kai-shek. threat to the security CYf the free world. This by the Communists' smillng-face offensive. They can also take great pride in the Repub­ is the moment of darkness just before the The worst type are the united front elements lic of China's generous efforts to assist many dawn. It ls a time to be firm in our convic­ and fellow travellers of international Com­ younger nations throughout the Free World tions and not to be depressed by any difficulty munists. Under various guises, all of them in the never-ending struggle to raise the level or reverse, to abide by our principles so as not are befriending and flirting the Communists, of human dignity and peoples' livelihood. to be swayed by any change in the situation plunging the world further into turmoil and There is no greater challenge than man­ and to continue our struggle so as not to be confusion. kind's eternal and instinctive search for free­ intimidated by any setback. In following this The international appeasers have gone to dom, justice, and equality of opportunity. course, we are certain that the morality of all troubles acting as helpers to the Com­ The United States Government ls pleased to mankind and the legality of justice wlll munists of Peiping. The regime still ls be associated again with the commem-0ra­ finally prevail, that evil and tyranny ulti­ plagued by serious contradictions, difficul­ tlon of this significant event in the quest for mately will be annlhllated and that human­ t ies and dangers and is headed for fiercer a better world. kind can surely be saved from holocaust. power st ruggles. But the appeasers main­ Freedom-seeking and anti-enslavement tides tain that the Peiping regime is now firm and MESSAGE FROM MR. PRITAM SINGH, MEMBER OF of workers, peasants, intellectuals, youths stable. The Chinese Communists, riding high WACL AND APACL INDIA CHAPTER and students now suffering persecution on above the 700 million mainland inhabitants, Let us resolve & dedicate ourselves this the mainland eventually will achieve con­ have enslaved, oppressed and slaughtered a auspicious Day of Freedom where a.bout 14,- fluence with our big army of counterattack. countless number of people. Their recent The huge prison of the outlaw Mao will be attempt to revise their so-called constitu­ 000 oppressed peace-loving soldiers betrayed destroyed. & misled by Mao's tyrannical rule were liber­ tion has completely bared their intention to ated from the clutches of this blood hungry The principal task of our Movement to strip the people of all their rights and to & war ravaged inflicted innocent soldiers of Safeguard the Freedom of Mankind is the commit further atrocities by means of ter­ further consolidation and exercise of the the Korean-war in 1953 & wa.rmly welcomed ror, tyranny and totalitarianism. And yet, the by their compatriots in Keelung harbour last. free world's anti-Communist strength. We rulers represent the wishes and interests of Today the freedom-loving people of the shall endeavor to transform people-to-peo­ the Chinese people. Externally the Chinese world should awake from the poisoning ap­ ple soUdarlty into solldarity among govern­ Communists are sticking firmly to their be­ ments, turn regional union into worldwide ligerent, aggressive line under the "three­ peasement spread by the Peiping regime to union and expand economic, cultural and show their deadly arrows & stab-back after­ anti" and "nine-support" slogans. They want political cooperation into a system of total worldwide revolts and have been fanning up wards to them as they have shown & demon­ cooperation. With our common will and the strated all around the world during the in­ armed rebellions and political subversion in united strength of the free world, we can Asian countries. Even so, the appeasers want tensive period of 21-da.ys war between India go on to call peoples enslaved behind the itself in the later part of 1962. to establish so-called diplomatic relations Iron Curtain to unite in their struggle with the Peiping regime and to admit it All the peace-loving people of the world against Communism and tyranny. Attack­ should determine and should form a collec­ ing from within and without, we shall into the United Nations. They think that tive security in Asia first to defend their sov... terminate Communist rule. once the Chinese Communists are let into ereign rights against this treacherous ap­ In this great struggle compatriots of the international society, they will turn meek peasement campaign spread by the Mao's ele­ Republic of China at home and abroad and abandon their aggressive expansionist ments recently. should close ranks with mainland compa­ line. Asians should be urged to get rid of all triots who now are shut behind the enemy's By presenting this confused maze before traces of self-confinement neutralist line & lines on the mainland and su1fering Mao's us, history is subjecting us to a severe test. non-alignment policy, then bring forth all persecutions and violations. Thus we shall But no matter how complicated and change­ of their strength in a joint endeavour for do away with the outlaw Mao, who 1s the able the world situation may be, history is self and mutual salvation. source of all the evll's in Asta and a totali­ certain to develop toward victory for free­ tarian dictator who harasses the world. We dom as the true wish and choice of mankind PRESIDENT CHIANG KAI-SHEK'S MESSAGE TO THE shall open up a new and promising prospect are inevitably for attainment of freedom. WORLD FREEDOM DAY MASS RALLY IN THE for the Republic of China's decade of the Standing now at this important crossroads REPUBLIC OF CHINA, JANUARY 23, 1971 60s and for the security of Asia, the peace o'f history, we all have to rise gallantly, bring The Freedom Day Movement was initiated of the world and the freedom of human­ forth our courage, give full play to the power on January 23, 1954, by people and organiza­ kind. of justice and overcome all the obstacles on tions of the Republic of China. Since then, the road to freedom. By clearing away all the Freedom Day has become a momentous occa­ ADDRESS BY WORLD FREEDOM DAY MAss RALLY barriers, we shall together strive to create sion for recalling the heroism with which CHAIRMAN Ku CHENG-KANG a truly free era for all of mankind. more than 22,000 anti-Communist fighters Vice President Yen, Distinguished Guests, For all these reasons, we sincerely make rejected Communism and embraced freedom. Freedom-Fighters and Representatives: the following calls: This occasion also provides proof that free­ This ls the 60th year of the Republic of First, all the free nations must fully un­ dom will win the final victory over enslave­ China. For this reason, the World Freedom derstand that there can be no peace without ment. The Freedom Day Movement has dealt Day this year obviously shoulci. be regarded freedom, that prosperity ls lost if security ts heavy blows to Communist tyranny and as possessing a far greater and more pro­ gone and that victory is not possible where provided immense encouragement to the free found historical significance than those of there is no unity. In particular, it must be world in its struggle to maintaJ.n interna­ other years. For 60 years the Republic of understood that no matter what smiling tional justice and human dignity. The desig­ China has endeavored toward modernization faceE and peace offensive the evil interna­ nation of the occasion as World Freedom Day on the basis of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Three tional Communist 'forces may choose to use, by the World Anti-Communist League ls fur­ Principles of the People. Important achieve­ their ambition to conquer the world and ther assurance that the solldarity and ments have been made in the fight for the intention to enslave mankind will never May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14561 change. The Chinese Communists pose the and, under the great leadership of President gain freedom and to oppose slavery and greatest danger to the well-being of the Chiang, continue our fight on the forefront oppression. During the Korean war two world. Free nations have no reason whatso­ of man's struggle to safeguard freedom. With decades ago, 22,000 anti-Communist Chinese ever to help the Chinese Communists spread the greatest determination and utmost en­ and Korean prisoners-of-war courageously their evil flames, add strength and elevate deavors, we shall recover the Chinese main­ elected freedom and wrote a br1lliant page their status. Instead, powerful counterblows land at an early date and bring about a in the history of man's struggle for liberty. must be delivered. Peiping's threats and dan­ turning point in the whole world situation. Th1s was followed by the thousands upon gers must be checked and nullified. There­ Our firm stand must be kept. Our national thousands of enslaved people who broke fore, we call upon the governments and peo­ policy separating the evil from the just through the Iron Curtain by air, sea and ples of the free world to brush aside all the must be upheld. All the schemes to intro­ land. Such a continuous outflow of refugees indulgent thoughts, wipe out appeaser views duce Peiping into the United Nations and all fully reflects the turmoil and chaos behind and abandon capitulatlonlst policies. As the the mistaken views about two Chinas must the Iron Curtain in both the East and the free world leader, the United States above all be smashed. President Chiang has said that West. There has been a surging tide of up­ must never entertain any fallacious appeaser "survival is assured when we ourselves are risings against Communism and tyranny on view toward the Communists in general and in control of the situation but death ls cer­ the Chinese mainland. In Eastern Europe we those of Peiping in particular. In view of the tain to follow when the control is lost to have seen angry fires of protest kindled by present world situation, the United states others." the people of Hungary, Czechoslovakia and must even more firmly uphold its national In line with this instruction, we must Poland in their fearless fight against tyranny. spirit, fully bring forth its moral courage, step up our overall renovation efforts in the These heartening developments show the gallantly continue to shoulder its responsi­ political, economic, cultural and social fields. earnest desire of the oppressed people for bility for international justice and human With our revolutionary spirits calling for freedom and democracy and also testify that freedom, positively promote the unity o'f self-support, self-advancement and self­ Communist tyranny is on the verge of total world freedom forces and jointly struggle for salvation, we shall build our base of national collapse in its confrontation with the en­ man's freedom. With regard to Asia as a whole revival into a strong anti-Communist bastion raged masses. and Southeast Asia in particular, the United and swiftly complete all the necessary prepa­ The overwhelming majority of the en­ States must fully play up the positive and rations for our mainland recovery mission. slaved people behind the Iron Curtain is constructive aspects of the new Asian policy More importantly, we must positively carry strongly opposing Oommunist tyranny as a under the Nixon doctrine and work toward an out aictivities behind the enemy lines on the result of hunger, terror a.nd slave labor. He­ early establishment of an Asian and Pacific mainland and strengthen our Anti-Mao and roic anti-Communist wars also are being regional security organization so that the National Salvation United Front in accord­ fought by the brave people in such countries countries in this part of the world can swiftly ance with the President's instruction that as Vietnam and Khmer on the periphery of reach the stage of joint opposition against 70 per cent of our anti-Communist efforts the Iron Curtain. These people would rather the Communists. At the same time, the must be in the political field and carried die than become Communist salves. Many United States must take effective steps of out right behind the enemy. This way we trusted friends and relatives of the Com­ assistance for the anti-Communist and anti­ shall touch off a mainland-wide anti-Com­ munist chieftains have awakened to the dic­ tyranny 'forces behind the Iron Curtain so munist revolution of the people and defeat tates of human nature and, stimulated by that all can join hands and strive for free­ the enemy from Within its camp. The Pei­ conscience, have made wise decisions. A few dom. Asia belongs not only to the Asians but ping regime will come to its end and the years ago the eldest daughter of the late to the world as well. Asia's safety or danger decade of the 60s in the history of our Re­ Soviet dictator, Josef Stalin, became disillu­ inevitably affects the rest of the world. Asian public will be recorded as an em of victory sioned with Communist tyranny. She coura­ nations should as a matter of course bring 'for our mainland recovery and national geously rejected Communism a.nd came over forth the spirit of self-salvation and mutual reconstruction mission. After attaining our 'to freedom. Miss Juanita castro of Cuba salvation as they pool their strength and act goal of freedom for the nation and the people, learned to hate her brother Fidel's dictatoria.l in unison for the protection of Asian free­ we shall continue our fight to bring freedom savagery in his role as Communist boss of dom. At the same time, they should endeavor to all of mankind. her island country. Now she has hoisted the jointly with all the other nations of the All of us must proceed in the direction banner of freedom and taken a position on world to protect the freedom o'f all human I have just mentioned, for this also is the the forefront in the battle against Commu­ beings and the peace of the entire world. direction of our time. The iron rule of history nism. These and many other moving stories Secondly, the masses behind the Iron Cur­ is that tyranny ls destined to fall and free­ bear witness to the fact that the Communist tain must rise strongly against tyranny. dom will ultimately triumph. We must have regimes are being deserted by their own peo­ Communist regimes of various countries are a clear-cut view of the course of history ple and that their days are numbered. now shaky because of political and economic and know how to take advantage of the We Chinese have a saying to the effect setbacks. This is therefore the right time to turns of events. We a.II must step up our that when we see other people drowning or fight for freedom and shake off the shackles struggles for individual, national and world­ starving we feel the same agony ourselves. of enslavement. The anti-tyranny riots in wide freedom. Victory for freedom will then This oompassionate and brotherly feeling for Poland late last year caused the resignation be ours and we shall be creators of a long­ one's fellow men on the part of our people of Wladyslaw Gomulka as the Polish Com­ lasting era of freedom for mankind. strengthens our confidence and enhances our munist Party boss and forced the Red regime determination to liberate our enslaved com­ patriots behind the Iron CUrtain. We uphold of that country to make concessions. This VICE PRESIDENT C. K. YEN'S ADDRESS AT THE this noble ideal. We will continue to urge was a successful example of fight against WORLD FREEDOM D~Y MAss RALLY IN THE the freedom-loving people of the world to REPUBLIC OF CHINA, JANUARY 23, 1971 Communist tyranny. But true freedom for give encouragement and support to those en­ Iron Curtain people does not come unless Mr. Chairman, Distinguished Guests, Dear trapped behind the Iron Curtain. And, at the the Communist regimes are thoroughly de­ Freedom Fighters and Friends from Behind same time, we will build up our own com­ stroyed through continuously stepped-up the Iron Curtain, Ladies and Gentlemen: struggles. bat readiness for national recovery in which We come together today at this World we shall tear down the Iron Curtain and get The darkness and cruelty of Chinese Com­ Freedom Day mass rally to promote a move­ rid of the Peiping puppet regime. Unfortu­ munist tyranny are unprecedented. But be­ ment which will safeguard the freedom of nately, just as our endeavor begins to be cause of its stepped-up attempts at perpe­ man and eradicate the Maoists' totalitarian fruitful, Peiping•s infiltration and "United trating fanatic schemes, the Peiping regime tyranny. This is indeed a gathering of im­ Front" tactics have brought a.bout an unfa­ is facing a true danger of complete downfall mense significance. vorable current of international appeasement before angry masses. Por this reason, we By nature, men treasure freedom and hate which only benefits the forces of evil. Un­ call upon the people ,of Chinese mainland to tyranny. All through the centuries, most of less this situation is effectively checked, the oppose the convocation of a National Peo­ the world's wars have been fought for the flames of aggression will spread farther, the ple's Congress, object the so-called consti­ defense of freedom as against tyranny and enslaved people will suffer more, the free tutional amendment, launch heroic strug­ of justice as against abuse of power. world's anti-Communist strength will be di­ gles against Mao Tse-tung's totalitarian one­ Because of rampant Communist scourges, vided and international peace will be man autocracy and bring the anti-Commu­ man's freedom has been subjected to the jeopardized. nist and anti-Mao tide on the mainland to most serious of challenges during the la.st Our experience from the anti-Communist a new height. Under the banner of Anti-Mao half century. After World War II, the Com­ struggle of recent years has emphasized the and National Salvation United Front, the munists grabbed Eastern Europe and usurped teaching that the division of the free coun­ people of the mainland will then join with the Chinese mainland, thereby erecting huge tries poses a far greater menace to world military and civilian forces from this nation­ Iron Curtains both in the West and the East, peace than the expansion of Communist in­ al recovery bastion and together wipe out and plunging nearly half of the world's popu­ fluence. Based on this understanding, I want lation into the dark rule of Communist the Peiping regime through people's anti­ to take this opportunity to present the fol­ tyranny. This tragic situation constitutes an lowing two suggestions with regard to our communist revolutionary struggles. Freedom unprecedented disaster in man's history. anti-Communist mission. and happiness will then be regained for all But the more virulent the violence, the First, the expansionist ambition to con­ of our countrymen. stronger the resistance to it. As the Chinese quer the world on the part of the Communists Thirdly, the free Chinese, military and Communists become more violent, people en­ will remain unchanged no matter what civilian alike, must unite together ever more slaved behind the Iron Curtain steadily in­ guises it may take. If the free world neg­ strongly in this 60th year of the Republic crease their determination to survive, to re- lects this simple truth, tries to substitute 14562 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 negotiation for confrontation and attempts Nations' firmly-maintained principle of vol­ The light of freedom shining forth from to justify appeasement under the pretext of untary repatriation. The examples set by our anti-Communist bastion for national seeking peace, we fear that the greatest trag­ them must be acutely recognized, earnestly recovery-Taiwan, Penghu, Klnmen and edy in history will overtake us in the next studied and positively glorified by all the peo­ Matsu-no-t only will provide the revolution­ decade. The most urgent issue facing the ple now struggling to gain and protect free­ ary force for the destruction of the Maoist free world, therefore, is how to arouse anti­ dom. By doing so, we who are now facing tyranny, salvation of our mainland compa­ communist vigllance and effect spiritual re­ Communist threats of aggression and en­ triots and completion of our national recov­ armament for dissipation of the heavy fog slavement can be sure of victory for freedom. ery and reconstruction mission but further­ of appeasement, intensification of demo­ We must bring forth our anti-Communist more will furnish the spiritual drive for a cratic unity and the launching of a fearless moral courage. Instead of shrinking in fear, turn of the whole world situation toward a fight against the Communist bloc with the we must heroically rise and fight. Instead of global victory in the fight for freedom. Under totality of forces available to uphold free­ stooping for momentary self-preservation, the great leadership of President Chia.ng Ka.1- dom and world peace. we must join forces and return blows. In­ shek, we shall with our courage, unity a.nd Second, we must point out once again stead of appeasing and tolerating the wicked, struggle set an example for the rest of the that Chinese Communist internal suppres­ we must expose and conquer them. Never world. Through extending our Anti-Mao and sion and external aggression of the la.st 20 shall we act as helpers to evll persons, nor National Salvation United Front, we will Join yea.rs have created an unprecedented hell shall we filrst our enemy. More importantly, with the anti-Communist and anti-tyranny on the Chinese mainland and turned the we must not leave the Iron Curtain people to forces on the ma.Inland, bring a high tide of Peiping regime into a source of scourges for a miserable fate of enslavement. Further­ anti-Communist struggle, create a new phase Asia. and all the world. The so-called "Con­ more, we must be fully aware of the serious of our fight against the Communists and stitution" recently revised and adopted by contradictions, difficulties and dangers that totalitarian tyranny. We shall then build up the Chinese Communist Party emphasizes now exist behind the Iron Curtain under a new China of modern age based on the anew the regime's despotic cruelty. This is Communist rule. Never shall we permit our­ Three Principles of the People and accom­ why Mao Tse-tung and his followers are at­ selves to be frightened by the Communists' plish our historical mission regarding world tempting to feign a look of amiab111ty so as false display of power. peace and man's freedom. to confuse the free world and tide over inter­ We must strengthen our anti-Communist nal difficulties. Political leaders of the free struggles. Now that the Communist move­ MESSAGE TO HIS EXCELLENCY U THANT, U.N. world must not be misled into thinking that ment ls decidedly doomed, we must take ad­ SECRETARY GENERAL AND ALL MISSIONS TO this violent gang has abandoned its policy vantage of the steady downfall of Com­ THE UNITED NATIONs--JANUARY 23, 1971 of aggressive expansion. No one should munist rule and launch strong counterat­ YOUR ExCELLENCY AND DISTINGUISHED Mis- dream of achieving peaceful coexistence with tacks on the ideological, political, religious, SIONS: the Maoist Communists by means of pacifica­ cultural, economic and social battlefronts. The Freedom Day on January 23 to com­ tion and enticement. If any mistaken view Peoples of all the nations must be aroused memorate the heroic struggle for human free­ of the Maoists ls allowed to persist and their and united. We must counter the Communist dom of the 22,000-odd Chinese and Korean puppet regime is permitted to grow even organization, propaganda and actions with Communist prisoners o:r the Korean We.r, stronger, the 700 mllllon people on the Chi­ our own strong organization, propaganda and who returned to freedom under the U.N. nese mainland will never be freed from their actions. The reverse current of appeasement voluntary repatriation program, has been imprisonment and neither Asia nor the must be suppressed. The evil flames of Com­ adopted at the World Anti-Communist world will know security and peace. munism must be put out completely. All the League General Conference as the World Eradication of the Chinese Communists Communist acts of aggression and expan­ and liberation of our mainland compatriots Freedom Day. Many countries throughout the sion as well as their schemes of Infiltration world hold celebrations today to mark the are among our inalienable and sacred rights. and subversion must be checked and At the same time. we earnestly hope that great occasion. In the Republic of China, a smashed. week-long celebration program ls being as we struggle for national unification and We must give full play to our strength of uphold the freedom and peace of mankind, warmly carried out in all cities throughout unity against the Communists. Instead of the country, including a mass rally in Taipei the rest of the free world will defend jus­ fighting alone, we must take joint actions. tice and, as a matter of conscience, will not participated by representatives of various Instead of individual opposition, we must ef­ civic organizations, with the special objec­ appease the Chinese Communists or become fect collective defense. In view of the scourges accomplices in their wrongdoing. We trust, tive to further promote our "Safeguarding created In Asia by the Chinese Communists, Hum.an Freedom and Destroying the Maoist rather, that the free countries v.r111 provide a regional security organization must be us with moral and spiritual support so that Regime" movement. It ls unanimously re­ established immediately in this area. Further­ solved at our mass rally to send to Your Ex­ our revolutionary mission against the Com­ more, steps must be taken for the formation munists and in defense of freedom will be cellency our message for your continued ef­ of a world anti-Communist united front. This forts in upholding the spirit of the U.N. crowned with victory in the near future. way, we shall attain the highest strategic Since history began, all struggles of the Charter and maintaining a firm stand against goal of defeating the divided Communist admitting the Chinese Communist regime to just and benevolent against evll and tyran­ camp with the power of a united free world. ny have been finally victorious. No matter an international organization the principal Let u s repeat once again. If only we can cause of which is to protect human rights. how noi!'ly international appeasers may be in fully brin g forth our anti-Communist moral alring their views and no matter how fierce­ The Chinese Communist regime is the very courage, strengthen our a.nti-Com.munist source of all threats to human freedom and ly the Mao group may struggle to perpetrate struggles and give full play to our power of its evll schemes, we are confident of victory. world peace and has been condemned by the unity against the Communists, we can be U.N. as an aggressor, and to introduce it into So long as all of our countrymen continue sure of victory over our enemy a.nd of ulti­ the decisive struggle with one heart and one the U.N. would certainly destroy the world mat ely accompliE>hlng our timely mission of organization. Your Excellency is also re­ soul, we shall ultimately accomplish our struggle for lasting freedom. The enemy is crucial mission of turning the world tide quested to step up positive support for all not to be afraid of. Rather, we must beware the people behind the Iron Curtain in and rebuilding justice, peace and civilfza­ of those free nations that are not adequately tion. struggle for freedom and against slavery, in determined, not acting quite positively and order to accomplish at an early date the U.N.'s not united firmly enough in their fight supreme aim of safeguarding human rights DECLARATION OF 1971 WORLD FREEDOM DAY against the Communists. But we believe that and further glorify the spirit of the U.N. RALLY, TAIPEI, TAIWAN, REPUBLIC OF CHINA, bitter experiences and practical lessons will Charter. JANUARY 23, 1971 on e day make these nations wake up, brace Respectfully yours, In this historically momentous 60th year themselves up, abandon their mistaken paths Ku CHENG-KANG, of the Republic of China, we people from and start marching in the correct direction General Chairman, World Freedom Day various circles of the nation are with great of time. Mass Rally of the Republic of China. joy and high spirits gathered here at this For 60 years the Republic of China has not rally to mark another World Freedom Day. only continued its tireless struggle for the The World Freedom Day has now become fredom of China and the Chinese but also MESSAGE TO HIS EXCELLENCY RICHARD M. a bright banner leading man's struggle to contributed importantly to the gaining and NIXON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES gain and safeguard freedom. It has provided protection of freedom for all of mankind. OF AMERICA-JANUARY 23, 1971 the revelation that victory for freedom must We stood on the forefront of struggle against YOUR EXCELLENCY: Today, as we people be based on bolstered moral courage, international Fascist forces that threatened from various circles of the Republic of China. strengthened struggles and a full Play of the to enslave mankind in the past. We are now are gathered in Taipei and elsewhere power of unity. In this revelation ls the ma­ standing firmly on the forefront of battle throughout the nation for enthusiastic mass jor historical significance of Freedom Day. aigainst the international Communists' at­ ralUes to mark the World Freedom Day 1n In it also is the fundamental spirit of our tempt to enslave mankind. Today the Pei­ an expanded way and to promote measures time a.s mankind keeps marching onward ping regime ls not just the source of scourges to safeguard freedom of mankind and destroy for freedom. for all of Asia. It has subjected our 700 the Maoist Communists' totalitarian tyranny, With their Indomitable spirits and heroic million brethren on the mainland to slave we wish jointly to express our highest grati­ actions, 22,000 Chinese and Korean anti­ labor and oppression. We should with greater tude and respect for your and the American communist prisoners of war 17 yea.rs a.go self-awareness shoulder our epochal responsi­ public's tremendous endeavors for and con­ achieved honor and success under the United bility against Communism and enslavement. tributions to the prot.ectlon of Asian nations• May 11, 1971 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14563 independence and freedom and the safe­ TWO VETS WITH MEDALS, ONE WITH the other Vietnam brothers who came to guarding of world peace and security. SILVER SPOON AND SPEECHWRIT­ protest the war. As Your Excellency ls positively working ERS AND THE PRESS Hardly anybody has heard of Stephens, but for the implementation of a new Asian pol­ Kerry has become one of the hottest young icy, we note stepped-up activities of North political prospects on the anti-war scene. Vietnamese Communists and the stalemate L. His oratorica.1 flair, good looks and Kennedy­ of Paris peace talks. Mao Tse-tung and his HON. BURT TALCOTT esque manners have marked him as a :ma.n Communist followers are now attempting to OF CALIFORNIA to keep an eye on. strip thoroughly the Chinese mainland peo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Indeed, he already ls considering running ple's basic human rights through a consti­ for public office 1n Massachusetts, according tutional amendment. As they continue to Tuesday, May 11, 1971 to word passed to friends by his wife, the shout openly and madly their strong anti­ Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, concur­ former JulLa Stimson Thorne, daughter of American slogans, the Communists of Peiping rent with the "veterans lobby" to end the a socially prominent Long Isla:,nd family. are now more positively attempting to per­ Kerry ls not so upright about Vietna.m as petrate their schemes along their so-called war, the Senate Foreign Relations Com­ to be militant or radical. He calls himself "three-anti" and "nine-support" lines, mittee held hearings on antiwar legisla­ "an angry young man" but he neither tossed thereby dooming the 700 million Chinese tion. his medals over the Capitol fence nor stayed mainland people forever to a dark adminis­ These hearings generated a great deal around for the disruptive demonstrations of tration and hoping to take radical steps to­ of public exposure for an antiwar Navy recent days. ward their goal of world conquest. The Chi­ lieutenant from Massachusetts, one John A week ago Sa.turda.y night, when the big nese Communists also have been pushing F. Kerry. Capitol demonstration of 200,000 dwindled their smiling-face offensive in an attempt to to a folk .. rock concert at the Washington ·break up the free world, isolate the United Not widely noted was the testimony of Monument, Kerry chose another scene. States, fan up the air of appeasement and another Navy lieutenant from my con­ Clad in guerilla togs, he attended a posh steal into the United Nations so as to save gressional district in California, one Mel­ black-tie dinner party at the "Federal City themselves from their internal and external ville L. Stephens. Club puit on by the "Five-ers," a quintet of distress that threatens to cause their down­ Both of these young men experienced Washington's top socialites. fall once and for all. somewhat similar service in Vietnam. One of them was Mrs. Robert Cha.rles, We earnestly hope that Your Excellency better known as Oa.tsie Leiter, at whose home will, in view of the unchanging dark scheme One is prompted to wonder, therefore, the Kerrys stayed during the Vietnam vet­ of the Communists in Peiping and elsewhere, why their views were not given equal emns' encampment on the Mall. uphold the American spirit for the protection treatment by those coverin~ these hear­ The high point of Kerry's week in Wash­ of man's freedom and promotion of inter­ ings. ington took place before the Senate For­ national justice, quickly retract all the pas­ An article in the Detroit News sheds eign Relations Committee On April 22, when sive and unconstructive policies toward the some light on the subject. More members he delivered an impassioned plea for ending Communists, positively strengthen the global and citizens should be aware of the tech­ the war. struggle for freedom, work for an early es­ As the TV cameras zeroed in on him, the tablishment of an Asian and Pacific regional niques of this committee, the background thrice-wounded Vietnam veteran asked the security organization, prevent all attempts to of the witnesses, and their connections senators: "How do you ask a man to be the introduce Peiping into the United Nations with those who manage the reports and last to die in Vietnam? How do you ask a man and foll the Communist bloc's scheme to develop the news. to be the last to die for a mistake?" bury the world body. At the same time, we Mr. Speaker, in fairness to Lieutenant Reached in New York, where he ls now hope that in in view of the long-standing Stephens, whom I have the honor to rep­ dividing his time between law practice and Sino-American friendly relations, the United resent in the Congress, I include the arti­ speech-writing, former Robert F. Kennedy States wm continue to work with us for the staffer Adam Walinsky acknowledged he had protection of Asia's peace and security and cle, "Two Vets With Medtils, One With to helped Kerry put together his eloquent pres­ provide support to the Republic of China's Silver Spcon" in the RECORD. I wish entation. all-out effort to free the 700 m1111on Chinese compliment Mr. J. F. ter Horst, Wash­ Walinsky said Kerry, the 1966 Ya.le class mainland people and let them regain their ington Bureau Chief of the Detroit News orator, was "pretty darn good" with words all freedom and happiness. for his perceptive article. by himself but added that he had a hand in With our sincere wishes for victory, The article follows: drafting those pa.Tts of the Kerry address Very truly yours, Two VETS WITH MEDALS, ONE WITH SILVER "which were on TV." Ku CHENG-KANG, SPOON That kind of expert wordsmithing was not General Chairman, World Freedom Day avallable to Stephens, who ma.de his pitch to Mass Rally of the Republic of China. (By J. F. Teir Horst) the same committee a few days ago. WASHINGTON.-This is the tale of two Speaking just after a group of radicals had MESSAGE TO GENERAL CREIGHTON W. ABRAMS, Vietnam veterans who came to Washington berated the senators, Stephens conceded his COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF ALLIED FORCES IN to lobby for an end to the war. views "are not very popular these days." But VIETNAM, AND TO ALL OFFICERS AND ENLISTED One is John F. Kerry, 27, of Waltham, Mass. drawing on more than 80 months experience MEN OP ALLIED COMBAT TROOPS IN VIETNAM, The other ts Melvllle L. stephens, 26, of Han­ in the Vietnam theater-many times that of JANUARY 23, 1971 ford, Calif. Kerry---Stephens argued that the United GENERAL ABRAMS AND ALL OFFICERS AND Both are former Navy lieutenants and saw States oould not morally pull out so fast as to ENLISTED MEN OF ALLIED COMBAT TROOPS IN combat as river patrol boat commanders in endanger the lives of those thousands of VIETNAM; Vietnam. Both hold the Silver Star, the South Vietnamese who had trusted the Amer­ We, representatives of all walks of life in Bronze Star and the Purple Heart. ican promise to deliverance from the Com­ the Republtc of China, meet today in Taipei Both wear their hair long. Both profess a munist enemy. for celebrating the World Freedom Day and kinship with all the other war-weary young Stephens made no defense of the ailleged.ly promoting the movement for human freedom men who ca.me here with their medals of corrupt members of the Thieu-Ky regime and against the Maoist totalttarian tyranny. valor and peace symbols. But the resemblance ("frankly, I am sure that they will take ca.re We salute your gallant fight in Vietnam stops there. of themselves"). Nor did he buy President which has written down a br1111ant page in Kerry is wealthy, a product of the best Nixon's argument that the United States the history of free peoples' struggle against Eastern schools. Stephens grew up in Akron, should not be made to look like a "pitiful Communist aggression. Ohio and ls out of work. helpless giant." As Allied Forces a.re modifying their strate­ Kerry had the help of a well-known Ken­ Rather, argued Stephens, a wounded vet­ gical array in Vietnam, it gives to the North nedy speech writer in preparing those phrases eran and former aide to Adm. Elmo Zumwalt, Vietnamese Communists a good opportunity which rang so eloquently over television Naval operations chief, the U.S. should ar­ to exploit for further gains. We, therefore, when he testified before SenaJtor J. William range to quit the war so that peace will help unanimously resolved at our meeting to con­ Fulbright. the loyal South Vietnamese. vey to you and all officers and enlisted men Stephens wrote his own statement for the "Peace for us must not come at the cost of under your command our highest respects for Senate Foreign Relations Committee-and their lives," Stephens said. your continued efforts in punishing the Com­ never made TV. Stephens' testimony might have escaped munists for their aggressive crimes and lay­ Kerry emerged as the recognized leader of public attention altogether had not Senator ing a firm foundation for the independence the Vietnam Veterans Against the War Hugh Scott, of Pennsylvania, Republican and freedom of the Republic of Vietnam and (VVAW) , a very drama.tic figure by day dur­ fioor leader, complained that the TV net­ for the peace and security of Asia and the ing the demonstrations. But, after dark, works had ignored it. whole world. Kerry did the Washington social scene and Kerry quit Vietnam in March, 1968, as was Respectfully yours, slept in a clean bed at one of Georgetown's his right as a three-time wounded service­ Ku CHENG-KANG, most :t:ashionable addresses. man. He also became an adm.lral's a1d-1n General Chairman, Worla Freeaom Day Stephens spent every night on the damp New York. Then he left the Navy to run for Mass Rally of the Republic of China. ground of the Mall, risking arrest along wit' Congress but withdrew from the race in favor 14564 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 11, 1971 of the Rev. Robert F. Drinan, a Catholic anti­ fair market value of such services as a Europe where he met with parliamentary war priest who was elected last November. charitable contribution. leaders of four nations in an effort to Friends who talked to Kerry said he was Mr. Speaker, the entire concept of gain assistance from those nations in ob­ not visibly upset a.bout Vietns.m. when he treating contributions of personal serv­ taining humanitarian treatment for first began thinking of running for omce. American prisoners of war. The Con­ "I thought of him as a. rather normal vet," ices to charitable causes as charitable one said, "glad to be out but not terribly up­ contributions for fixing purposes was gressman's trip, financed at his own ex­ tight over the war." suggested by Mr. Irv Kupcinet, well­ pense, may produce real dividends for Another to whom Kerry talked about run­ known columnist for the Chicago Sun­ our young men, rotting in the prison ning for omce described him as "a very charis­ Times during a meeting with Harry Bela­ camps of Southeast Asia. matic fellow looking !or a gOOd issue." fonte; Danny Thomas; Miss Phyllis Dil­ Congressman ZION has reported the Kerry, with his connections, financial re­ ler; Connie Francis; Jack Carter, and a results of his trip to his district and I sources and a set of initials that read JFK, host of others. commend this report to my colleagues may be one of the brighest young political I am pleased to introduce this amend­ as an example of what positive initia­ properties to emerge from New England in a tive by one Member of this body can long time. ment today because I believe it will en­ One of those who'll be watching will be courage talented Americans to offer their accomplish: Stephens, who is slated to enter Cornell Uni­ service to charity. EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS PLEDGE HELP FOR versity Law School this fall. The record will shown that America's AMERICAN POW's artists have been extremely generous in WASHINGTON, D.C.-Members of the par­ giving their time and talent to worth­ liaments of four European countries are de­ while causes. I believe the time has come veloping plans to assist in easing the plight when we should permit them to treat of American POW's in Southeast Asia, it was VALUE OF PERSONAL SERVICES TO reported today by Indiana Congressman BE TREATED AS A CHARITABLE their contribution of time and talent in Roger Zion upon his return from Europe. CONTRIBUTION the same manner that those who make Zion had spent the past week conferring with cash contributions treat them for fixing legislators in West Germany, The Nether­ purposes. lands, Belgium and Great Brita.in. He re­ HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI I am confident the ms can work out marked that he "could not have been more OF ILLINOIS adequate safeguards against abuses and pleased" with the response he received in the European community. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES place the same limitations that now exist an all charitable contributions. The "In each of the four countries, legislators Tuesday, May 11, 1971 gave their pledges of unqualified support to amendment clearly provides that the IRS my request for help in putting pressure on Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I have must verify the validity of the charitable the North Vietnamese, the Viet Cong and today introduced an amendment to the cause and the fair market value of the the Pathet Lao to comply with the Geneva Internal Revenue Code of 1954 which contribution. Convention," Zion reported. Each group of would permit the value of personal serv­ I further believe the loss of revenue parliamentarians has organized a. committee ices to be taken into account in deter­ would be more than offset by the growth to draft resolutions or letters and are study­ mining the amount deductible for chari­ of "voluntarism" in America. We will ing the best approach to the Communist leaders. Each has expressed a willingness to table contributions. never be able to buy the services we need send personal delegations to Paris. The main thrust of my proposal is to to solve so many of our social problems Zion said that one group of five members permit people who off er their talent for and needs. I believe the proposal I have of Parliament, in Great Britain, is making charitable purposes to place a fair mar­ offered here today could provide the application for visas to North Vietnam so ket value on their contributions and stimulus for more people becoming vol­ they can carry the appeal directly to Hanoi. treat it as a charitable deduction in de­ untarily involved in charitable work. "This is the only way we can convince the termining their Federal income tax ob­ I do hope this proposal will receive Communists that they do not enjoy world­ ligation. favorable consideration. wide support for their barbaric treatment of My proposal is designed to encourage The ame11dment follows: prisoners," Zion stated. "volunteerism" in America. It will en­ Zion said that his "best selling point" in A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code approaching the legislators of the four Euro­ courage people with special talent'> to of 1954 to permit the value of personal pean countries was a quote from the Swiss contribute their services to worthy causes services to be taken into account in deter­ jurist, Jan Pictet, who is a recognized au­ and treat such a contribution as a valid mining the amount deductible for charita­ thority on the Geneva accords. tax deduction. ble contributions The Pictet Commentary reads " ... in This proposal seems perfectly logical Be it enacted by the Senate and House of the event of a Power fa111ng to fulfill its to me. We see members of the perform­ Representatives of the United States of obligations, each of the other Contracting ing arts giving their time and talent to America in Congress assembled, That section Parties (neutral, allied or enemy) should charitable fundraising activities with no 170(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 endeavor to bring it back to an attitude of remuneration while those who make a {allowance of deduction for charitable, etc., respect for the Convention. . . ."the ap­ contributions and gifts) ls amended by add­ plication of the Convention does not depend cash contribution to view the perform­ ing at the end thereof the folloWing new on whether the confilct is just or unjust. ance can deduct such a contribution from paragraph: Whether or not it is a war of aggression, their gross annual income as a charitable "(4) VALUE OF PERSONAL SERVICES.-For prisoners of war belonging to either party contribution. purposes of this section, in the case of a.n are entitled to the protection afforded by I believe my proPosal would encourage individual the contribution of his personal the Convention." people to participate more in charitable service to an organization shall be treated as These European statesmen are accepting work. Let me give you just a few a contribution of money to the organization this obligation and will keep him informed in an amount equal to the fair value (as de­ of their progress, Zion reported. examples: termined and verified under regulations pre­ We are faced with the problem of get­ scribed by the Secretary or his delegate) of INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS INEFFECTIVENESS ting more doctors to off er their services the contributed service." Zion said that he had met last Friday in to the needy. I believe if a doctor could SEC. 2. The amendment ma.de by the first Geneva, Switzerland, with ofilcials of the treat his contribution of time and talent section of this Act shall apply with respect Interna.tiona.l Red Cross, including their to a not-for-profit neighborhood health to taxable years beginning after the da.te of Asian representative who had recently re­ the enactment of this Act. turned from Da.mbodla.. Zion reported that clinic as a charitable contribution and "lit is apparent that to date they have been place a fair value on such a contribution unable to help. Red Cross packages which for tax purposes, we would see the doc­ a.re sent for POWs are returned," he said. tor shortage among the needy substan­ EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS PLEDGE North Vietna.m.ese Red Cross people say they tially abated. HELP FOR AMERICAN POW'S only ca.re !or clvillans and have no contact LawYers could offer their services to at all with the military of either side. a neighborhood legal clinic and if indeed It was also pointed out to him in Geneva, HON. ELWOOD HILLIS Zion said, that Communist countries tradi­ the Internal Revenue Service found the tionally ignore treaties and commi:tments. In clinic to qualify as a not-for-profit in­ OF INDIANA this respect, Red Cross officia.I.s cited Russia, stitution, the laWYer could likewise place IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES North Korea, and North Vietnam as emm.ples a fair market value on his services and Tuesday, May 11, 1971 o! countries, in war, that have refused t.o treat them as a charitable contribution. permit inspection of POW camps or comply Teachers could off er their services as Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, Congress­ with any other internationally accepted tutors to needy students and treat the man ROGER ZroN has just returned from standards of conduct. May 12, 1971 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --HOUSE 14565

FALSE HOPES FEARED that Communist propaganda recently indi­ Americans have taken it for granted. We Zion said that recent statements by COm­ caites concern over the POW question, point­ ought to consider the possible types of munist sympathizers and would-be Presi­ ing out that "quotes" have been broadcast burreaus and conduct we could have had dential candidates have been either deliber­ from the men indicating they are being in the area of intelligence. Mr. Hoover ately misleading or the results of wishful treated well. He said that they have sent out a. few pictures showi.ng prisoners in good was faced with the task of providing se­ thinking. curity in this country-a gargantuan "Statements attributed to Ambassador health. "It is apparent," Zion said, "that Bruce and Vietnam representatives in Paris there is concern in Hanoi over world opin­ task in itself. But in a democracy, he was to the effect thwt POWs will be released if ion." charged with protecting citizen's rights we set a date for withdra.wial are patently Zion said that discussions a.bout whether as well. Many techniques could have false, Zion said. He added that he had tran­ or not we should bomb, whether we should been applied. We need only look at na­ seripts of these discussions and that "in no invrade Communist sanctuaries, whether we tional police forces in Germany and Rus­ instance is this statement made." should set a date for withdrawal are of ques­ tionable value at best, and when pursued by sia to see the potential power and threat "To imply this," he sa.id, "in order to dis­ of a "protective" organization. credit the President's Vietnamization pro­ demon.Sotrators are counterproductive. "They gram is the epitome of reckless and irrespon­ serve only Hanoi," he said. Mr. Speaker, not only has Mr. Hoover sible oonduot.... The only purpose served '.;)y The only issue in which there should be no made the FBI an organization which these statements is to give Hanoi more fuel disagreement is that concerning our prison­ has continually thwarted attacks against for its propaganda ma.chine. Our prisoners ers of war and men missing in action, Zion our Nation, but he has initiated an ideal are given daily broadcasts of statements by pointed out. for all law enforcement agencies to fol­ American protestors. Nothing could bring "I! all of the civilized people of the world low. In the 47 years of Mr. Hoover's di­ them more discouragement, nor could be continue to insist on the provisions of the rection, not one agent has been charged more helpful in urging the enemy to hang Geneva Convention and press the Commu­ with a crime. The FBI force is itself a on until American public opinion forces us nists to accept them, perhaps we can take to surrender in Southeast Asia." the most important step that wm lead to monument to the talents and decency of Zion continued: "Wives of men who are peace." J. Edgar Hoover. No other man in the prisoners and missing in Southeast Asia have history of this Nation has served Amer­ asked me if capitulation in Southeast Asia ica so effectively, so conscientiously, so would guarantee the return of their hus­ J. EDGAR HOOVER constantly, and with such a minimum of bands. I must .a.nswer in an honesty that criticism. It has been an honor for Presi­ nothing could be further from the truth." dents of both political parties, conserva­ WORLD OPINION ONLY WEAPO;N HON. J. J. PICKLE tive and liberal, from all parts of the Shortly after Zion delivered a strong letter OF TEXAS country to ask Mr. Hoover to serve as di­ of protest from the American Congress to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rector of the FBI. He has been recog­ North Vietnamese in Paris last August, the nized-and more importantly trusted amount of mail from POWs increased sig­ Monday, May 10, 1971 and revered-not only by officials, but by nificantly. After the "National Week of Con­ Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, it takes cern for POWs/MJ.A" last March, the fiow of the grassroots citizens of our Nation. mail increased a.gain and letters contained little investigation to become aware of Such widespread, continuous applause is more information. In some instances the let­ the incredible record of J. Edgar Hoover. not token. It is a sign of the deep appre­ ters indicated that better treatment was be­ In this country, we have had such effi­ ciation which Americans have held and ing given, Zion said. cient, yet cautious and considerate serv­ will continue to hold for the legendary The Indiana congressman also pointed out ice by the FBI for so long that most gentleman. J. Edgar Hoover.

HOUSE OF REPRESE.NTATIVES-Wednesday, May 12, 1971 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Without objection, the Journal stands soft on communism. However, it has been The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, approved. hard on capitalism. D.D., offered the following prayer: There was no objection. Send out Thy light and Thy truth: Let PERSONAL ANNOUNCEMENT them lead me-Psalm 43: 3. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Eternal Spirit of Life, in the glowing Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, May 10 I beauty of springtime and the blossoming A message from the Senate by Mr. unavoidably missed a rollcall vote on the glory of an awakening earth, we tum to Arrington, one of its clerks, announced District of Columbia firemen's bill be­ Thee praying that the beauty of Thy that the Senate had passed bills and a cause I was attending a meeting away presence may be upon us as we pause in joint resolution of the following titles, from the Hill on official committee busi­ prayer before Thee. Thou hast called us in which the concurrence of the House ness. to live our lives and to play our part in is requested. H.R. 5638 is an excellent bill and I most these frustrating yet fruitful years. Amid S. 932. An act to amend title 13, United certainly would have voted for it if I all the tumult of these troubled times States Code, to provide for a revision in the had been able to be present. The bill grant unto us the calm o.f those whose cotton ginning report dates; would provide a penalty of $5,000 fine or minds are stayed on Thee. S. 1131. An act to amend the Agricultural 5 years in jail, or both, for interfering At this altar of prayer steady us with Adjustment Act of 1938 to provide that with or assaulting a District of Colum­ review committee members may be appointed bia fireman in the course of his duties. the truth that back of all the tensions from any county within a State; This is becoming an increasing prob­ that try us and the disturbances that dis­ S. 1806. An act to amend the Consolidated lem in this era of civil unrest and I em­ tress us there is an abiding good in which Farmers Home Administration Act of 1961 phatically believe that our firemen, who we can believe and to which we must be to provide for insured operating and other loyal if we are to walk with steady feet type loans, and for other purposes; and do so much to protect our lives and prop­ leading our Nation in the paths of peace S.J. Res. 92. Joint resolution to direct the erty, must themselves be protected from at home and abroad. National Railroad Passenger Corporation to unwarranted assaults. In all the experiences of this day grant make a study with respect to expanding the us the healing of Thy hand, the peace of basic national rail passenger system. Thy presence, and the security of Thy VA TO AID NEW MEDICAL SCHOOLS love. In the spirit of Christ we pray. ADMINISTRATION HARD ON (Mr. DORN asked and was given per­ Amen. CAPITALISM mission to address the House for 1 min­ ute and to revise and extend his re­