How to… submit a war memorial record to 'Lincs to the Past'

Lincolnshire Remembrance

A guide to filling in the 'submit a memorial' form on Lincs to the Past

Submit a memorial Please note, a * next to a box denotes that it needs to be completed in order for the form to be submitted.

If you have any difficulties with the form, or have any questions about what to include that aren't answered in this guide please do contact the Lincolnshire Remembrance team on 01522 554959 or [email protected]

Add a memorial to the map You can add a memorial to the map by clicking on it. Firstly you need to find its location by using the grab tool to move around the map, and the zoom in and out buttons. If you find that you have added it to the wrong area of the map you can move it by clicking again in the correct location.

Memorial name * This information is needed to help us identify the memorial which is being recorded. Including a few words identifying what the memorial is, what it commemorates and a placename would be helpful. For example, 'Roll of Honour for the Men of Grasby WWI, All Saints church, Grasby'.

Address * If a full address, including post code, is available, please enter it here. It should have a minimum of a street name: it needs to be enough information to help us identify approximately where a memorial is located, but you don’t need to include the full address. For example, you don’t need to tell us the County (as we know it will be Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire or North East Lincolnshire), and you don’t need to tell us the village, town or parish because they can be included in the boxes below.

Parish * Please choose a parish from the list in Appendix 1 at the end of this guide. Including a parish is enormously helpful when searching for records of war memorials (and many other types of heritage).

A word of warning: if you don’t pick a parish from the list, and spell it exactly as it appears, the record will not appear when searching by parish.

Locality Please include a locality only if it's different to the parish name. For example, Southrey is a village in the parish of Bardney, so in that case the locality would be Southrey.

Custodian/responsibility for maintenance This is the group or individual who maintains the war memorial, not necessarily the landowner (although they may be one and the same).

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Type of memorial * Please choose a type from the list in Appendix 2 at the end of this guide.

Materials used State here what materials have been used. These can be broad types, like 'stone', 'bronze' or 'timber'. You can put in more than one type, separated by a semicolon – for example 'stone; bronze; timber'.

Condition * Choose from good, bad or poor. We need this information to assess how many of our war memorials are at risk of disappearing, and which ones need attention. This will help to target future resources.

Good: Generally well maintained and in good condition, maybe in need of cleaning, but otherwise sound, and letters of inscription still legible. Bad: Letters illegible, in need of some maintenance before serious deterioration sets in, parts of the memorial are missing, about to fall off. Poor: At risk of complete collapse or disintegration, no maintenance for a considerable time. ______

Comments This box can be used to record any information that does not fit elsewhere. For example:

'Located on the High Street, it has lots of planting around it. ' 'Parish Council is applying for grant for cleaning from War Memorials Trust.' 'The building has been sold by the Methodist Church, and therefore the future of the memorial is uncertain.' 'The metal on this memorial has Smart Water protection.'

Conflict commemorated Please choose from the list in Appendix 3. More than one conflict can be entered, separated by a semi‐colon. For example:

'World War I; World War II'.

Description * Please use this field to describe the war memorial. For example:

'Standalone stone cross with statue of Great War soldier with arms reversed.'

Inscription * Please write all the names that are commemorated on the memorial into this box, separated by a semi‐colon. If there are none, please write 'none'.

For example: 'ADDLESEE, R; ADDLESEE, W.; BLYTON, C.N.; BROWN C.F.; COPPING, W.A.; KEY, P.H.; KING, H.; OTTEWELL, E.' You can enter the names in lower case.

Full transcript * This box can be used to record the all the words on the memorial except for names. For example:

'To the glory of God and in undying memory of those men and women of this city who made the supreme sacrifice in the first and second world wars.' ______

Architect/designer Please enter here the name of the architect or designer of the memorial, or the organisation. You may not know, in which case leave the box blank.

Commissioned by Please enter here the organisation, group or individual who commissioned the memorial. For example:

'Local community subscription'

If you don’t know, please leave the box blank.

Manufacturer Please enter here the company or individual who manufactured the memorial. If you don’t know, please leave the box blank.

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The following section is there to record information about any designations the memorial may have, and therefore its level of protection. It would be helpful for us if these boxes could be completed, but it's not essential to complete them.

HER Mon UID The Historic Environment Record (HER) is a record of all known archaeological and historic sites in the county of Lincolnshire, from the earliest Stone Age to the 20th century. Records from the Lincolnshire HER can be found on Lincs to the Past website, through the searching on the main pages.

The HER Mon UID is the unique reference for individual HER records in the database. There may be an HER record that already exists for a war memorial: to find out if that is the case, you can carry out a search of LTTP in the usual way. If you find a record for the memorial,when you opne the link to full record, you will find the 'Reference Name' at the top of the record (it will start with 'MLI' and will be followed by a 5 digit number).

Everyone is welcome to view the sources held in the HER. To do that you can call 01522 552363 or email [email protected] to make an appointment.

There are separate HERs for North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire. To contact North Lincolnshire HER please call 01724 867822. To contact North East Lincolnshire HER please call 01472 323586. Listing status Some war memorials may be listed. You can find out if the memorial in which you are interested in listed by searching the English Heritage National Heritage List. This can be found at http://www.english‐heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national‐heritage‐list‐for‐ england/

Grade If a building or structure is listed, its Grade can be found in the record on the National Heritage List.

Ref. no If a building or structure is listed it will have a reference number, which can be found in the record on the National Heritage List.

Scheduled Monument Sometimes war memorials may also be Scheduled Monuments (although this is rare). For example, if a medieval village cross has been reused as a war memorial, it may be that it is a scheduled monument. You can find out if a war memorial is a Scheduled Monument by searching the National Heritage List.

Ref. no If a structure or site is a Scheduled Monument, it will have a reference number, which can be found on the National Heritage List.

Conservation Area status You can find information about where Conservation Areas are located on your local District Council website.

Sources of information Please write in this box the primary sources you used for the record. You can enter more than one source, separated by a semi‐colon. For example: 'Lincoln Chronicle 1922; Parish records.'

Links to further information This box can be used for links to other websites. This can include links to records on other web sites, such as the UK National Inventory of War Memorials, Commonwealth War Graves Commission and War Memorials Online.

Record created by This should be the name of the person completing the form, which may be different to the person who carried out the survey or did the research.

Date of survey * Please record here the date that the survey was carried out. It should be in the format DD/MM/YYYY

It should be in this format without any other symbols, letters or numbers, otherwise the system won’t be able to recognise it as a date, and cannot search on it.

Surveyor/supplier of information * This should be the person who surveyed the memorial, or provided researched material, which may be different to the person completing the form.

Email address * We may need to contact you about the information you have provided. The email address you provide will be used for the purposes of contacting you about the Lincolnshire Remembrance project only, and will not be disclosed to anyone outside the Lincolnshire Remembrance staff without your express permission. It will be deleted after the end of the project.

Please use the [email protected] email address to send us your photos and any relevant documents you may have about the war memorials you have recorded.

If you need any help completing this form please contact us at [email protected] or 01522 554959.

The Lincolnshire Remembrance staff would like to say a big thankyou to anyone who provides us with information. We are very grateful indeed for your efforts.

Appendix 1

Lincolnshire Parish list

BILLINGBOROUGH ABY WITH GREENFIELD BILLINGHAY ADDLETHORPE BILSBY, FARLESTHORPE AND MARKBY AISTHORPE BINBROOK ALFORD BIRCHWOOD ALGARKIRK BISHOP NORTON ALLINGTON BITCHFIELD AND BASSINGTHORPE ALKBOROUGH BLANKNEY ALTHORPE BLYBOROUGH ALVINGHAM BLYTON AMBER HILL BONBY AMCOTTS BOOTHBY GRAFFOE ANCASTER BOOTHBY PAGNELL ANDERBY BOSTON (includes Skirbeck) ANWICK BOTTESFORD APLEY BOULTHAM APPLEBY BOURNE ASGARBY AND HOWELL BRACEBOROUGH AND WILSTHORPE ASHBY (SCUNTHORPE) BRACEBRIDGE ASHBY WITH SCREMBY BRACEBRIDGE HEATH ASHBY CUM FENBY BRACEBY AND SAPPERTON ASHBY DE LA LAUNDE AND BLOXHOLM BRACKENBOROUGH AND LITTLE ASLACKBY AND LAUGHTON GRIMSBY ASTERBY, GOULCEBY AND RANBY BRADLEY ASWARBY AND SWARBY BRAMPTON ASWARDBY BRANSTON AUBOURN, HADDINGTON AND SOUTH BRANSTON MERE HYKEHAM BRANT BROUGHTON AND AUNSBY AND DEMBLEBY STRAGGLEGATE AUTHORPE BRATOFT AYLESBY BRATTLEBY BRAUNCEWELL BARDNEY (includes Southrey) BRIGG BARHOLM AND STOWE BRIGSLEY BARKSTON BRINKHILL BARLINGS BROADHOLME BARNETBY LE WOLD BROCKLESBY BARNOLDBY LE BECK BROOKENBY BARROW ON HUMBER BROTHERTOFT BARROWBY BROUGHTON BARTON ON HUMBER BROXHOLME BASSINGHAM BUCKNALL BASSINGTHORPE BULLINGTON BASTON BURGH LE MARSH BAUMBER BURGH ON BAIN BECKINGHAM BURRINGHAM BEELSBY BURTON BY LINCOLN BEESBY WITH SALEBY BURTON COGGLES BELCHFORD BURTON PEDWARDINE BELLEAU BURTON UPON STATHER BELTON AND MANTHORPE BURWELL BELTON IN AXHOLME BUSLINGTHORPE BENINGTON BENNIWORTH BUTTERWICK BICKER CABOURNE BIGBY CADNEY EASTOFT CAENBY EASTON CAISTOR EAST RAVENDALE CALCETHORPE WITH KELSTERN EAST STOCKWITH CALCEBY EASTVILLE CAMMERINGHAM EAST WOLD CANDLESBY WITH GUNBY EDENHAM CANWICK EDLINGTON WITH WISPINGTON CAREBY, AUNBY AND HOLYWELL ELKINGTON CARLBY ELSHAM CARLTON LE MOORLAND EPWORTH CARLTON SCROOP AND NORMANTON EWERBY AND EVEDON CARRINGTON FALDINGWORTH CASTLE BYTHAM FARLESTHORPE CAYTHORPE FENTON NEAR KETTLETHORPE CHAPEL ST LEONARDS FENTON CHERRY WILLINGHAM FILLINGHAM CLAXBY BY ALFORD CLAXBY BY FIRSBY NORMANBY CLAXBY PLUCKACRE FIRSBY BY SPILSBY CLAYPOLE FISHTOFT CLEETHORPES FISKERTON COLD HANWORTH FLEET COLEBY COLSTERWORTH, GUNBY AND FLIXBOROUGH STAINBY FOLKINGHAM CONINGSBY CONISHOLME FOSDYKE CORBY GLEN FOSTON CORRINGHAM FOTHERBY COUNTHORPE AND CREETON FRAMPTON COVENHAM ST BARTHOLOMEW FREISTON COVENHAM ST MARY FRIESTHORPE COWBIT FRISKNEY CRANWELL AND BYARDS LEAP FRITHVILLE CROFT FRODINGHAM CROSBY FULBECK CROWLAND FULLETBY CROWLE FULNETBY CROXTON FULSTOW CULVERTHORPE AND KELBY GAINSBOROUGH CUMBERWORTH GARTHORPE AND FOCKERBY DALBY GATE BURTON DEEPING ST JAMES GAUTBY DEEPING ST NICHOLAS GAYTON LE MARSH DENTON GAYTON LE WOLD DIGBY GEDNEY HILL DODDINGTON AND WHISBY GEDNEY DOGDYKE GLENTHAM DONINGTON GLENTWORTH DONINGTON ON BAIN GOLTHO DORRINGTON GOSBERTON DOWSBY GOULCEBY DUNHOLME GOXHILL DUNSBY GRAINSBY DUNSTON GRAINTHORPE EAGLE AND SWINETHORPE GRANTHAM EAST BARKWITH GRASBY EAST BUTTERWICK GRAYINGHAM EAST FERRY GREAT CARLTON EAST HALTON GREAT COATES EAST KEAL GREAT GONERBY EAST KIRKBY GREAT HALE GREAT LIMBER HORSINGTON GREAT PONTON HOUGH ON THE HILL GREAT STEEPING HOUGHAM GREAT STURTON HOWELL GREATFORD HOWSHAM GREETHAM WITH SOMERSBY HUMBERSTON GREETWELL HUNDLEBY GRIMOLDBY AND MANBY HUTTOFT GRIMSBY IMMINGHAM GUNBY AND STAINBY INGHAM GUNNESS INGOLDMELLS HABROUGH INGOLDSBY HACCONBY IRBY IN THE MARSH HACEBY IRBY UPON HUMBER HACKTHORN IRNHAM HAGNABY KEDDINGTON HAGWORTHINGHAM KEELBY HAINTON KELSTERN HALLINGTON KETTLETHORPE HALTHAM KEXBY HALTON HOLEGATE KILLINGHOLME HAMERINGHAM KIRKBY GREEN HANNAH CUM HAGNABY KIRKBY LA THORPE HARDWICK KIRKBY ON BAIN HARLAXTON KIRKBY UNDERWOOD HARMSTON KIRMINGTON HARPSWELL KIRMOND LE MIRE HARRINGTON KIRTON IN HOLLAND HATCLIFFE KIRTON IN LINDSEY HARTS GROUNDS KNAITH HATTON LACEBY HAUGH LANGRICK HAUGHAM LANGRIVILLE HAWERBY CUM BEESBY LANGTOFT HAXEY LANGTON BY HORNCASTLE HEALING LANGTON BY SPILSBY HEAPHAM LANGTON BY WRAGBY HECKINGTON LANGWORTH HEIGHINGTON LAUGHTON HELPRINGHAM LEA HEMINGBY LEADENHAM HEMSWELL LEASINGHAM AND ROXHOLM HEMSWELL CLIFF LEGBOURNE HEYDOUR LEGSBY HIBALDSTOW LENTON, KEISBY AND OSGODBY HIGH TOYNTON LEVERTON HOGSTHORPE LINCOLN HOLBEACH LINWOOD HOLBEACH ST JOHNS LISSINGTON HOLBEACH ST MARKS LITTLE BYTHAM HOLBEACH HURN LITTLE CARLTON HOLLAND FEN LITTLE CAWTHORPE HOLME LITTLE COATES HOLTON BECKERING LITTLE HALE HOLTON LE CLAY LITTLE PONTON AND STROXTON HOLTON LE MOOR LITTLE STEEPING HONINGTON LITTKE SUTTON HORBLING LONDONTHORPE AND HARROWBY HORKSTOW WITHOUT HORNCASTLE LONG BENNINGTON LONG SUTTON NORTH KELSEY LOUTH NORTH KILLINGHOLME LOW TOYNTON NORTH KYME LUDBOROUGH NORTH ORMSBY LUDDINGTON AND HALDENBY NORTH SCARLE LUDFORD NORTH SOMERCOTES LUDFORD MAGNA NORTH THORESBY LUSBY WITH WINCEBY NORTH WILLINGHAM LUTTON NORTH WITHAM MABLETHORPE AND SUTTON NORTHORPE MAIDENWELL NORTON DISNEY MALTBY LE MARSH OLD BOLINGBROKE MANBY OLD CLEE MANTON OLD LEAKE MAREHAM LE FEN OLD SOMERBY MAREHAM ON THE HILL ORBY MARKBY OSBOURNBY MARKET DEEPING OSGODBY (includes Kingerby) MARKET RASEN OWERSBY MARKET STAINTON OWMBY BY SPITAL MARSHCHAPEL OWSTON FERRY MARSTON PARTNEY MARTIN PICKWORTH MARTON PILHAM MAVIS ENDERBY PINCHBECK MELTON ROSS POINTON AND SEMPRINGHAM MESSINGHAM POTTERHANWORTH METHERINGHAM QUADRING MIDDLE RASEN RAITHBY MIDVILLE RAITHBY CUM MALTBY MININGSBY RANBY MINTING RAND MOORBY RAUCEBY MORTON BY GAINSBOROUGH RAVENDALE MORTON BY BOURNE REDBOURNE MOULTON REEPHAM MOULTON CHAPEL RESTON MUCKTON REVESBY MUMBY RIBY NAVENBY RIGSBY WITH AILBY NETTLEHAM RIPPINGALE NETTLETON RISEHOLME AND GRANGE DE LINGS NEW BOLINGBROKE ROPSLEY AND HUMBY NEW CLEE ROTHWELL NEW HOLLAND ROUGHTON NEW LEAKE ROWSTON NEW SOMERBY ROXBY CUM RISBY NEW WALTHAM RUSKINGTON NEWTON, HACEBY AND WALCOT SALMONBY NEWTON BY TOFT SALTFLEETBY ALL SAINTS NEWTON ON TRENT SALTFLEETBY ST CLEMENT NOCTON SALTFLEETBY ST PETER NORMANBY BY SPITAL SAUSTHORPE NORMANBY LE WOLD SAXBY NORMANTON SAXBY ALL SAINTS NORTH HYKEHAM SAXILBY NORTH CARLTON SCAMBLESBY NORTH COATES SCAMPTON NORTH COCKERINGTON SCARTHO NORTH HYKEHAM SCAWBY SCOPWICK SUTTON ST EDMUND SCOTHERN SUTTON ST JAMES SCOTTER SWABY SCOTTON SWALLOW SCREDINGTON SWALLOWBECK SCREMBY WITH GREBBY SWATON SCRIVELSBY SWAYFIELD SCUNTHORPE SWINDERBY SEARBY CUM OWMBY SWINESHEAD SEDGEBROOK SWINHOPE SIBSEY SWINSTEAD SILK WILLOUGHBY SYSTON SIXHILLS TALLINGTON SKEGNESS TATHWELL SKELLINGTHORPE TATTERSHALL SKENDLEBY TATTERSHALL THORPE SKIDBROOKE WITH SALTFLEET HAVEN TEALBY SKILLINGTON TEMPLE BRUER AND HIGH GRANGE SLEAFORD (includes Quarrington) TETFORD SNARFORD TETNEY SNELLAND THEDDLETHORPE ALL SAINTS SNITTERBY THEDDLETHORPE ST HELENS SOMERBY THIMBLEBY SOTBY THONOCK SOUTH CARLTON THORESWAY SOUTH COCKERINGTON THORGANBY SOUTH FERRIBY THORNTON LE FEN SOUTH HYKEHAM THORNTON CURTIS SOUTH KELSEY THORNTON LE MOOR SOUTH KILLINGHOLME THORPE LE FALLOWS SOUTH KYME THORPE ON THE HILL SOUTH ORMSBY CUM KETSBY THORPE ST PETER SOUTH SOMERCOTES THREEKINGHAM SOUTH THORESBY THURLBY BY BOURNE SOUTH WILLINGHAM THURLBY BY LINCOLN SOUTH WITHAM TIMBERLAND SPALDING TOFT BY NEWTON SPRIDLINGTON TOFT WITH LOUND AND MANTHORPE SPRINGTHORPE TORKSEY STAINFIELD TOYNTON ALL SAINTS STAINTON BY LANGWORTH TOYNTON ST PETER STAINTON LE VALE TUMBY STALLINGBOROUGH TUPHOLME STAMFORD TYDD ST MARY STAPLEFORD UFFINGTON STENIGOT ULCEBY BY BRIGG STEWTON ULCEBY WITH FORDINGTON STICKFORD UPTON CUM KEXBY STICKNEY UTTERBY STIXWOULD AND WOODHALL WADDINGHAM STOKE ROCHFORD WADDINGTON STOW WADDINGWORTH STRUBBY WITH WOODTHORPE WAINFLEET ALL SAINTS STUBTON WAINFLEET ST MARY STURTON BY STOW WAITHE SUDBROOKE WALCOT NEAR FOLKINGHAM SURFLEET WALCOTT NEAR BILLINGHAY SUTTERTON WALESBY SUTTON BRIDGE WALMSGATE SUTTON ON SEA WALTHAM WASHINGBOROUGH WELBOURN WELBY WELL WELLINGORE WELTON WELTON LE MARSH WELTON LE WOLD WEST ASHBY WEST BARKWITH WEST BUTTERWICK WEST DEEPING WEST FEN WEST FIRSBY WEST HALTON WEST KEAL WEST RASEN WEST RAVENDALE WEST TORRINGTON WESTBOROUGH WITH DRY DODDINGTON WESTON WHAPLODE WHITTON WICKENBY WIGTOFT WILDMORE WILDSWORTH WILLINGHAM WILLOUGHBY WITH SLOOTHBY WILLOUGHTON WILSFORD WINTERINGHAM WINTERTON WINTHORPE WISPINGTON WITHAM ON THE HILL WITHCALL WITHERN WITH STAIN WOLD NEWTON WOOD ENDERBY WOODHALL SPA WOOLSTHORPE BY BELVOIR WOOTTON WORLABY WRAGBY WRANGLE WRAWBY WROOT WYBERTON WYHAM CUM CADEBY WYVILLE CUM HUNGERTON YARBURGH

Appendix 2

Types of memorials

Addition to gravestone Stations of the Cross Animal figure Table Aeroplane part Vase or flower holder Arch Other Badge Clock Battlefield Cross or Marker Clock /Clock tower Bell Cottage Bell Tower Cross Bench Death Plaque Board / Plaque / Tablet Endowed bed (hospital) Book of Remembrance Eternal light Book stand Flag or banner Book case Flag pole Cabinet Fountain Cairn Garden Cenotaph Gate or lychgate Chair Gravestone Chalk landscape feature Grove Church /Chapel: building Hall or institute Chapel / church: restoration / extension Hospital or clinic Dedicated Chapel within a building Lamp or lighting Church Fabric or fitting: Land Altar /altar part Locomotive Altar rail Memorial home / alms house / flats Bible or prayer book Model Candle holder Mosaic /Mural Cloister Needlework / tapestry Collection plate /offertory box Noticeboard Communion or altar ware Obelisk Cross Painting or Print Font / font cover Panelling Hymn / Psalm board Park or garden Kneeler Photograph Lectern or desk Pillar or column Liturgical objects Pub sign Organ or organ part Roll of Honour Processional cross Rose / Rose garden Pulpit or pulpit part School Reredos or screen Sculpture or cast figure or group Rood or rood loft Seat Serviceman/ woman figure Tower Shelter Tree (single, avenue or grove of trees) Ship part Triptych Shrine Trophy Sports Pavilion / playing field Trough Standard Wall Stone of Remembrance Well dressing Street / Street Name Window Sundial Other – not listed above Swimming Pool Tapestry, needlepoint or quilt Appendix 3

Conflicts which involved British Troops from 1800‐present day ‐1802 French Revolutionary Wars 1802‐1805 Second Anglo‐Maratha War 1802‐1813 Napoleonic Wars 1812‐1814 War of 1812 (US v GB) 1815 Hundred Days War (Return of Napoleon) 1813‐1816 Gurkha War 1817‐1818 Third Anglo‐ Maratha War 1823‐1831 First Ashanti War 1824‐1826 First Anglo‐ Burmese War 1839‐1842 First Anglo‐Afghan War 1839‐1842 First Opium War 1840 First Anglo‐Marri War 1845‐1846 First Anglo‐ Sikh War 1852‐1853 Second Anglo‐Burmese War 1853‐1856 Crimean War 1856‐1857 Anglo‐Persian War 1856‐1860 Second Opium War 1857 Indian Mutiny 1845‐1872 New Zealand Land Wars 1848‐1849 Second Anglo‐Sikh War 1863‐1864 Second Ashanti War 1864‐1865 Bhutan War 1873‐1874 Third Ashanti War 1878‐1880 Second Anglo –Afghan War 1879 Anglo‐Zulu war 1880 Anglo‐Marri War 1880‐1881 First Boer War 1881‐1899 Mahdist War (Sudan) 1885 Anglo‐Burmese War 1893‐1894 First Matabele War 1895‐1896 Fourth Anglo Ashanti War 1896 Anglo‐ Zanzibar war 1896 ‐1897 Second Matabele War 1897‐1898 Tirah Campaign (Afghanistan) 1899‐1901 Boxer Rebellion 1899‐1902 Second Boer War 1914‐1918 (1919) The Great War 1916 Easter Rising 1919 Third Afghan War 1919‐1921 Irish War of Independence 1922‐1948 Palestine 1939‐1945 Second World War 1948‐1960 Malaya 1949 Yangtze River 1950‐1953 Korea 1951 ‐1953 Egypt 1952‐1960s Kenya 1955‐1959 Cyprus 1956 Suez 1962‐1975 Oman and Dhofar 1962‐1966 Borneo 1964‐1967 Aden and Radfa 1969‐ Northern Ireland 1982 Falklands 1991 First Gulf War 1992‐2007 Balkans /Bosnia/ Kosovo 2000 Sierra Leone 2003‐9 Second Gulf War (Iraq) 2011‐ Afghanistan