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Hamamelidaceae) University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Publications New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station 1-1990 Comparative Ontogeny of the Inflorescence and Flower of Hamamelis virginiana and Loropetalum chinense (Hamamelidaceae) Thomas Mione University of Connecticut - Storrs A Linn Bogle University of New Hampshire - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/nhaes Part of the Botany Commons, Horticulture Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Mione, T. and Bogle, Linn A. Comparative Ontogeny of the Inflorescence and Flower of Hamamelis virginiana and Loropetalum chinense (Hamamelidaceae). American Journal of Botany. Vol. 77, No. 1 (Jan., 1990) , pp. 77-91 Published by: Botanical Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/ stable/2444795 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Publications by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparative Ontogeny of the Inflorescence and Flower of Hamamelis virginiana and Loropetalum chinense (Hamamelidaceae) Author(s): Thomas Mione and A. Linn Bogle Source: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 77, No. 1 (Jan., 1990), pp. 77-91 Published by: Botanical Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2444795 Accessed: 11-05-2015 19:44 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2444795?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Botanical Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Botany. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 132.177.228.65 on Mon, 11 May 2015 19:44:56 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Amer. J. Bot. 77(1): 77-91. 1990. COMPARATIVE ONTOGENY OF THE INFLORESCENCE AND FLOWER OF HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA AND LOROPETALUM CHINENSE (HAMAMELIDACEAE)l THOMAS MIONE2 AND A. LINN BOGLE Departmentof Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire,Durham, New Hampshire03824 ABSTRACT A comparativedevelopmental study of the inflorescenceand flower of Hamamelis L. (4- merous) and Loropetalum(R. Br.) Oliv. (4-5 merous) was conducted to determinehow de- velopmentdiffers in these generaand betweenthese generaand others of the family. Emphasis was placed on determiningthe types of floralappendages from which the similarlypositioned nectariesof Hamamelis and sterile phyllomes of Loropetalumhave evolved. In Hamamelis virginianaL. and H. mollisOliv. initiationof whorlsof floralappendages occurred centripetally. Nectaryprimordia arose adaxialto the petals soon afterthe initiationof stamenprimordia and beforeinitiation of carpelprimordia. In Loropetalumchinense (R. Br.) Oliv. floralappendages did not arise centripetally.Petals and stamens first arose on the adaxial portion, and then on the abaxialportion of the floralapex. The sterilefloral appendages (sterile phyllomes of uncertain homology) were initiated adaxial to the petals after all other whorls of floral appendageshad becomewell developed.In all threespecies, two crescentshaped carpel primordia arose opposite each other and became closely appressedat their margins.Postgenital fusion followed and a falselybilocular, bicarpellate ovary was formed.Ovule position and developmentare described. The nectariesof Hamamelisand sterilephyllomes of Loropetalumrarely develop as staminodia, suggestinga staminodialorigin. However, these whorls arise at markedlydifferent times and are thereforeprobably not derived from the same whorl of organs in a common progenitor. This hypothesisseems probablewhen one considersthat the seeminglyleast specializedgenus of the tribe, Maingaya,bears whorls of both staminodiaand sterile phyllomesinside its whorl of stamens. THE HAMAMELIDOIDEAE iS the largestof the six phylla Pursh of the Gulf States as a distinct subfamilies of the Hamamelidaceae and con- species or as a variety of H. virginiana (H. var. sists of five tribes and 23 genera (including the macrophylla (Pursh)) Nutt. (Sargent, 1920). intergeneric hybrid Sycoparrotia). The largest Hamamelis virginiana, the Common Witch- of these tribes is the Hamamelideae with ten Hazel of eastern North America, is the most genera, including Hamamelis L. and Loropeta- widely distributed species (see, e.g., Little, lum (R. Br.) Oliv. Genera of this tribe are con- 1977). Hamamelis vernalis, with its relatively centrated in eastern Asia (5 genera) and small flowers and stature is "confined to grav- Queensland, Australia (3 genera), but also oc- elly beds and rocky banks of streams in the cur in eastern North America, eastern and Interior Highlands of Missouri, Arkansas, and southeastern Africa, and Madagascar. eastern Oklahoma" (Bradford and Marsh, Hamamelis is represented by six or seven 1977). Interestingly, H. virginiana and H. ver- species. Three or four species occur in North nalis are sympatric in a few areas and have America (Ernst, 1963; Standley, 1937), de- even been observed to flower simultaneously pending on whether one recognizes H. macro- (Bradford and Marsh, 1977). The least known American species of Hamamelis is H. mexi- ' Received for publication 21 March 1989; revision ac- cana of the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico cepted July 1989. This work represents a portion of a thesis submitted as (Standley, 1937). partial fulfillment of the requirements for a M.S. degree There are three Hamamelis species in east- in botany and was supported in part by UNH Central ern Asia (Sargent, 1890; Chang, 1979). Like University Research Grants, No. C86224 (to TM), No. H. virginiana in North America, H. mollis is 980 (to ALB) and Agricultural Experiment Station Project H-301. Scientific contr. No. 1596 from the New Hamp- widely distributed in eastern Asia, occurring shire Agricultural Experiment Station. at midaltitudes in seven provinces of south- We would like to thank Drs. G. E. Crow, W. R. Fager- central through southeastern China (Chang, berg, T. D. Lee, G. J. Anderson, and T. C. Philbrick for 1979). Other Hamamelis species of eastern Asia helpful discussion and critical reading. are H. japonica of mountain 2 Current address: University of Connecticut, Depart- forests in Japan ment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Storrs, CT (Sargent, 1890) and H. subequalis of two small 06269-3043. areas of eastern China (Chang, 1979). 77 This content downloaded from 132.177.228.65 on Mon, 11 May 2015 19:44:56 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 78 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. 77 The related genus Loropetalumis native to were collected for all three species. For Hama- easternAsia, where3-4 species and one variety melis virginiana, collections were primarily have been recognized.Loropetalum is distrib- made from naturalpopulations in Durhamand uted from Japan and eastern China to the Lee, NH. Materialof H. mollis (and some ma- Khasia Hills of northeastern India (Chang, terial of H. virginiana)was collected from cul- 1979; Kriissman, 1977). The best known of tivated plantson the University ofNew Hamp- these is L. chinense,which occursin Japanand shire campus. Material of Loropetalum in 12 contiguous'provinces of southeastern chinensewas collected from a shrubpurchased China (Creech, 1960; Chang, 1979; Chun, from Kingsville Nursery, Kingsville, Mary- 1934). Mione (1987) reviewed the species of land, and cultivated in the University of New Hamamelis and Loropetalum. Hampshiregreenhouses. Material was collect- Loropetalumand Hamamelis were treated ed every other week from the fall of 1985 to as congeners from the time of Loropetalum's the fall of 1986 and immediately fixed and first description by Robert Brown (1818). Al- stored in a solution of 5%formfalin-5% glacial though Brown first described Loropetalumas acetic acid-90% ethyl alcohol (70%). Addi- H. chinensis,he made note of some differences tional collections were made sporadicallyuntil which mightjustify its separationas a separate late October of 1988. genus and suggested the name Loropetalum. For light microscopy most buds were dis- Later,Oliver (1862) raisedthe taxon to generic sected in 70% ethanol and observed with a rank under this name. dissecting stereomicroscope.Other buds were Flowers of many genera of the Hamameli- dissected, dehydratedin two or three changes daceae bear sterile appendages around the of 100%ethanol and critical-pointdried. This ovary. Determination of the type of floral ap- technique allowed observation of material pendage from which these structures have which was too small for clear observation in evolved has been problematic. For conve- alcohol, where refraction of light by the me- nience, the term staminodia will be used
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