Shrubs Landscapes
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Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees. -
Department of Planning and Zoning
Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only -
Camellia Sinensis • Use: Almost Everyone Drinks Tea Without Really
Camellia sinensis Use: Almost everyone drinks tea without really thinking about it, not re- alizing that the leaves themselves are actually from a well known garden plant, the Camellia. Camellia sinensis var sinensis originates from China where it naturally grows on moist mountain slopes in fertile acidic soils. Yes you can harvest the leaves to make a refreshing cup of tea. These plants were grown using organic practices. Exposure: Prefers sheltered site, part sunny or medium shade, and any well drained neutral/acid soil. Extreme summer heat may cause leaf burn; needs some shade if planted near a white house due to reflection of sun. Growth: Moderate growing to 8-10’ tall and 6-8’ wide. Can be kept as short as 4-5’ tall for easy harvesting. Hardiness: Zone 7-10; Shrub Foliage: Evergreen, glossy. You can make both green tea or black tea the dif- ference is in how you dry the leaves. Green tea is dried right after harvesting, while black tea is crushed and allowed to oxidize. What's most exciting about those leaves, is that you can pick them and make your own tea. Flower: It blooms in late fall and winter, white flowers illuminating the sleepy You'll have a great conversation–starter with winter landscape. You can even surprise your dinner guests with fresh floral visitors, and the coolest homemade present. tablescapes. Prune only right after blooms fade if you want flowers every year. . -
Hamamelis.Pdf
Amer. J. Bot. 77(1): 77-91. 1990. COMPARATIVE ONTOGENY OF THE INFLORESCENCE AND FLOWER OF HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA AND LOROPETALUM CHINENSE (HAMAMELIDACEAE)' Department of Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 A B S T R A C T A comparative developmental study of the inflorescence and flower of Hamamelis L. (4- merous) and Loropetalum (R. Br.) Oliv. (4-5 merous) was conducted to determine how de- velopment differs in these genera and between these genera and others of the family. Emphasis was placed on determining the types of floral appendages from which the similarly positioned nectaries of Hamamel~sand sterile phyllomes of Loropetalum have evolved. In Hamamelis virginiana L. and H. mollis Oliv. initiation of whorls of floral appendages occurred centripetally. Nectary primordia arose adaxial to the petals soon after the initiation of stamen primordia and before initiation of carpel primordia. In Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliv. floral appendages did not arise centripetally. Petals and stamens first arose on the adaxial portion, and then on the abaxial portion of the floral apex. The sterile floral appendages (sterile phyllomes of uncertain homology) were initiated adaxial to the petals after all other whorls of floral appendages had become well developed. In all three species, two crescent shaped carpel primordia arose opposite each other and became closely appressed at their margins. Postgenital fusion followed and a falsely bilocular, bicarpellate ovary was formed. Ovule position and development are described. The nectaries ofHamamelisand sterile phyllomes of Loropetalum rarely develop as staminodia, suggesting a staminodial origin. However, these whorls arise at markedly different times and are therefore probably not derived from the same whorl of organs in a common progenitor. -
Phytophthora Ramorum Sudden Oak Death Pathogen
NAME OF SPECIES: Phytophthora ramorum Sudden Oak Death pathogen Synonyms: Common Name: Sudden Oak Death pathogen A. CURRENT STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION I. In Wisconsin? 1. YES NO X 2. Abundance: 3. Geographic Range: 4. Habitat Invaded: 5. Historical Status and Rate of Spread in Wisconsin: 6. Proportion of potential range occupied: II. Invasive in Similar Climate YES NO X Zones United States: In 14 coastal California Counties and in Curry County, Oregon. In nursery in Washington. Canada: Nursery in British Columbia. Europe: Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, France, Belgium, and Sweden. III. Invasive in Similar Habitat YES X NO Types IV. Habitat Affected 1. Habitat affected: this disease thrives in cool, wet climates including areas in coastal California within the fog belt or in low- lying forested areas along stream beds and other bodies of water. Oaks associated with understory species that are susceptible to foliar infections are at higher risk of becoming infected. 2. Host plants: Forty-five hosts are regulated for this disease. These hosts have been found naturally infected by P. ramorum and have had Koch’s postulates completed, reviewed and accepted. Approximately fifty-nine species are associated with Phytophthora ramorum. These species are found naturally infected; P. ramorum has been cultured or detected with PCR but Koch’s postulates have not been completed or documented and reviewed. Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) is considered an associated host. See end of document for complete list of plant hosts. National Risk Model and Map shows susceptible forest types in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. -
Taming the Wild Stewartia©
1 Boland-Tim-2019B-Taming-Stewartia Taming the Wild Stewartia© Timothy M. Boland and Todd J. Rounsaville Polly Hill Arboretum, 809 State Road, West Tisbury, Massachusetts 02575, USA [email protected] Keywords: Asexual propagation, native trees, plant collections, seeds, Stewartia SUMMARY The Polly Hill Arboretum (PHA) began working with native stewartia in 1967. Our founder, Polly Hill, was devoted to growing trees from seed. In 2006, the Polly Hill Arboretum was recognized as the Nationally Accredited Collection holder for stewartia. This status has guided our collection development, particularly on focused seed expeditions, which began in 2007. The PHA has been successful growing both species from seed, however, overwintering survival and transplanting of juvenile plants has proved more challenging. New insights into winter storage of seedlings is beginning to shed light on this problem. Experimentation with overwintering rooted cuttings has revealed that plants have preferred temperature and chilling requirements. These new overwintering protocols have thus far yielded positive results. Recent work with tissue culture has also shown promising results with both species. Future work includes grafting superior clones of our native stewartia onto Asiatic species in an effort to overcome the problematic issues of overwintering, transplantability, and better resistance to soil borne pathogens. Our Plant Collections Network (PCN) development plan outlines our next phase work with stewartia over the upcoming several years. The results of this work will be shared in future years as we continue to bring these exceptional small flowering trees into commercial production. 2 INTRODUCTION The commitment to building Polly Hill Arboretum’s (PHA) stewartia collection is based on our founder Polly Hill’s history with the genus and our own desire to encourage the cultivation of these superb small-flowering trees in home gardens. -
2018–2019 Catalog
2018–2019 CATALOG W www.woodburnnursery.com S 888-634-2232 P 503-634-2231 F 503-634-2238 1 Catalog and Program Information Special Tags for Retail Customers: Information for special tags is due in our office by February 1st. If you require special tags with retail prices or other information, the sooner we know the better. Let your sales representative know you are interested so we can provide you with the proper paperwork. There is no additional charge for this service. Spring Billing Program: This program provides customers with the opportunity to ship material from September 1, 2018 through February 28, 2019 and delay payment until May 1, 2019. Requirements are as follows: 1| The first nursery stock order shipped must equal or exceed 4,000 units, where one unit is equivalent to a one gallon pot. 2| Once a customer ships an order meeting these requirements, any subsequent orders will also qualify if shipped on or before February 28th. 3| Payment is due in our office on or before May 1, 2019. Those customers that miss this date are not eligible for the program the following season. Prices listed in this catalog are subject to change due to minimum wage increases. Claims: No claim will be honored unless made in writing on the bill of lading upon receipt of the shipment. We also request notification within 5 days of delivery if there is a count discrepancy or if any damage occurred during shipment. It will be at the sole discretion of Woodburn Nursery and Azaleas, Inc. to evaluate and issue any and all credit adjustments. -
Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales -
Camellia Debaoensis (Theaceae), a New Species of Yellow Camellia from Limestone Karsts in Southwestern China
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeysCamellia 135: 49–58 debaoensis (2019) (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts... 49 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.135.38756 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China Renchuan Hu1, Sujuan Wei2, Yongqing Liufu3, Yunkai Nong1, Wei Fang4 1 Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China 2 Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China 3 Guangxi Museum of Natural History, Nanning, Guangxi 530012, China 4 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China Corresponding author: Yongqing Liufu ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Morden | Received 8 August 2019 | Accepted 1 October 2019 | Published 28 November 2019 Citation: Hu R, Wei S, Liufu Y, Nong Y, Fang W (2019) Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China. PhytoKeys 135: 49–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.135.38756 Abstract Camellia debaoensis R.C.Hu & Y.Q.Liufu, sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a new species from southwestern Guangxi, China. It is morphologically similar to Camellia pubipetala Y. Wan & S. Z. Huang, C. mingii S.X. Yang and C. tuyenquangensis D.V. Luong, N.N.H. Le & N. Tran, but it differs from these species in having glabrous young branches, glabrous petiole, glabrous sepals, glabrous petals, glabrous stamens and glabrous ovary, 10 petals, cylindrical ovary and style 3-lobed to 1/6 style length. -
HYDRANGEA CARE Hydrangeas Can Be Confusing When It Comes to Requirements and Especially Pruning
HYDRANGEA CARE Hydrangeas can be confusing when it comes to requirements and especially pruning. We’ve broken down the hydrangeas we carry into three basic groups to easily explain the differences. HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS (SMOOTH HYDRANGEA) Smooth hydrangeas are some of the easiest to grow and lowest maintenance hydrangeas. They are known for their large flower heads, sturdy stems, and great cut flowers. They almost always bloom on new wood which means they should be pruned in late fall. Smooth hydrangeas can be cut back 6-8” from the ground in late fall if desired. Includes: Annabelle & Invincible Spirit II (and others) HYDRANGEA MACROPHYLLA (BIGLEAF HYDRANGEA) Bigleaf or “ever-blooming” hydrangeas are desired for their deep green leaves, numerous blooms, and easy care. Bigleaf hydrangeas bloom on both new and old wood, but most of their summer blooms occur on wood formed the previous summer. To encourage new blooms throughout the summer, remove spent blooms as soon as they’re done flowering. The sooner this is done, the longer the plant will be allowed to recover and set new buds for the next season. This will encourage larger and more numerous blooms. Bigleaf hydrangeas prefer a location where they receive morning sun (about 4 hours) but are shaded from the afternoon sun. If they are planted in an area with total shade, it is not likely that they will bloom. Includes: Endless Summer, Blushing Bride, Seaside Cape Cod, Grateful Red, & Bloomstruck (and others) HYDRANGEA PANICULATA (GRANDIFLORA HYDRANGEA) Grandiflora hydrangeas are some of the most commonly planted hydrangeas in this area. They are tolerant of numerous conditions and are easy to grow. -
Meadows Farms Nurseries Japanese Aucuba
Japanese Aucuba Aucuba japonica Height: 8 feet Spread: 8 feet Sunlight: Hardiness Zone: 6b Other Names: Spotted Laurel Japanese Aucuba foliage Description: Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder An interesting evergreen shrub that solves the problem of the most shaded garden areas; female plants produce berries; ideal as a dense screen; drought tolerant once established Ornamental Features Japanese Aucuba has attractive yellow-spotted dark green foliage. The glossy pointy leaves are highly ornamental and remain dark green throughout the winter. Neither the flowers nor the fruit are ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes Japanese Aucuba is a dense multi-stemmed evergreen shrub with a more or less rounded form. Its average texture blends into the landscape, but can be balanced by one or two finer or coarser trees or shrubs for an effective composition. This is a relatively low maintenance shrub, and can be pruned at anytime. It has no significant negative characteristics. Japanese Aucuba is recommended for the following landscape applications; - Accent - Mass Planting - Hedges/Screening - General Garden Use Planting & Growing Japanese Aucuba will grow to be about 8 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 8 feet. It has a low canopy, and is suitable for planting under power lines. It grows at a fast rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 20 years. This shrub does best in partial shade to shade. It does best in average to evenly moist conditions, but will not tolerate standing water. It is not particular as to soil pH, but grows best in rich soils. It is somewhat tolerant of urban pollution, and will benefit from being planted in a relatively sheltered location. -
Millcreek Gardens Sunny Delight Boxleaf Euonymus
Sunny Delight Boxleaf Euonymus* Euonymus japonicus 'Moncliff' Height: 24 inches Spread: 24 inches Sunlight: Hardiness Zone: 5b Other Names: Japanese Spindle Tree Description: Rich glossy dark-green foliage features wide yellow margins; seaside salt tolerance; a great hedge plant with light dense branches that tolerate shearing for a formal appearance, or leave to its natural shape Ornamental Features Sunny Delight Boxleaf Euonymus foliage Sunny Delight Boxleaf Euonymus has attractive dark green foliage Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder edged in yellow. The small glossy oval leaves are highly ornamental and remain dark green throughout the winter. Neither the flowers nor the fruit are ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes Sunny Delight Boxleaf Euonymus is a dense multi-stemmed evergreen shrub with an upright spreading habit of growth. Its relatively fine texture sets it apart from other landscape plants with less refined foliage. This shrub will require occasional maintenance and upkeep, and can be pruned at anytime. Gardeners should be aware of the following characteristic(s) that may warrant special consideration; - Insects Sunny Delight Boxleaf Euonymus is recommended for the following landscape applications; - Mass Planting - General Garden Use - Topiary Planting & Growing Sunny Delight Boxleaf Euonymus will grow to be about 24 inches tall at maturity, with a spread of 24 inches. It tends to fill out right to the ground and therefore doesn't necessarily require facer plants in front. It grows at a fast rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for 40 years or more. This shrub performs well in both full sun and full shade. It is very adaptable to both dry and moist locations, and should do just fine under typical garden conditions.