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(MASA HEISEI) SKRIPSI Diajukan PERKEMBANGAN KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT JEPANG TERHADAP SOSOK MITOLOGI KITSUNE PADA MASA SEKARANG (MASA HEISEI) SKRIPSI Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sastra Oleh Tri Angga Tody 2014110119 PROGRAM STUDI SASTRA JEPANG FAKULTAS SASTRA UNIVERSITAS DARMA PERSADA JAKARTA 2018 HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI Merupakan karya ilmiah yang penulis susun di bawah bimbingan Ibu Dr. Nani Dewi Sunengsih, S.S., M.Pd. selaku pembimbing I dan Bapak Dr. Hermansyah Djaya, S.S., M.A. selaku pembimbing II. Karya ilmiah ini tidak merupakan jiplakan skripsi sarjana atau hasil karya orang lain, baik sebagian atau seluruhnya, dan isi seluruhnya menjadi tanggung jawab saya sendiri sebagai penulis. Nama : Tri Angga Tody NIM : 2014110119 Program Studi : Sastra Jepang S1 Fakultas : Sastra Bilamana dikemudian hari terbukti bahwa data dan judul tersebut merupakan hasil jiplakan atau plagiat dari karya tulis orang lain, maka sesuai kode etik ilmiah, saya menyatakan bersedia menerima sanksi termasuk pencopotan atau pembatalan gelar akademik saya oleh pihak Universitas Darma Persada. Jakarta, 2018 Yang Membuat Pernyataan, (Tri Angga Tody) iii Universitas Darma Persada iv ABSTRAK Nama : Tri Angga Tody Program Studi : Sastra Jepang Judul : Perkembangan Kepercayaan Masyarakat Jepang terhadap Sosok Mitologi Kitsune pada Masa Sekarang (Masa Heisei) NIM : 2014110119 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kepercayaan masyarakat Jepang terhadap sosok mitologi Kitsune pada masa sekarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kepustakaan. Zaman dahulu kala, masyarakat Jepang percaya bahwa Kitsune (rubah) memilki kekuatan sihir, dapat berubah menjadi seorang manusia (biasanya perempuan), dapat merasuki tubuh manusia, dan dapat menciptakan ilusi untuk memperdaya manusia. Kepercayaan masyarakat Jepang terhadap Kitsune tersebut terus berkembang, hal ini dapat diketahui dari kesimpulan peneliti, bahwa sampai saat ini sosok mitologi ini dikenal oleh masyarakat luas bukan saja di Jepang, tetapi di luar Jepang bahkan di Indonesia, di mana mereka mengetahuinya melalui manga atau film seri animasi yang beredar di beberapa negara termasuk Indonesia, dalam acara pentas teater kabuki, permainan, dan festival di Jepang. Selain itu, masyarakat Jepang juga masih percaya jika ada fenomena alam terjadi seperti hujan turun di tengah teriknya matahari, hal itu menandakan ada Kitsune yang sedang melaksanakan upacara pernikahan. Perkembangan kepercayaan masyarakat Jepang terhadap Kitsune juga dapat dilihat dengan adanya festival yang sampai saat ini masih dilaksanakan yaitu festival Oji Kitsune-no-gyoretsu. Kata kunci :Kitsune, Inari, mitologi, kepercayaan Universitas Darma Persada v 概略 氏名 : トリ アンガ トディ 学科 : 日本語学科 題名 :現代に狐に対する日本社会の信念の発達 「平成時代」 学生番号 : 2014110119 本研究の目的は現代の日本社会は狐という神話物にたいして信念の発達 を知るためで、使用されていた研究方法は文学的の方法を使うということ である。遥の昔、日本の社会は狐が魔力を持ち、人間の姿に化けるという 力があるのを信じていた。そして狐は人間を乗っ取られ、人間を騙すため 幻覚を作くれるのも信じていた。それに対して日本の社会は今まで狐への 信念は徐々に発達していくである。それは研究者の結論から見れば、この 神話物は日本だけはなく、外国でも有名である。しかもインドネシアでは、 狐は外で放送されたアニメや漫画などから知られていた。歌舞伎の演奏や 日本の伝統的な遊びや祭りなど狐という神話物は有名である。それに現代 の日本の社会は天気は晴れなのに雨が降るという自然現象があったら、そ れはある狐が結婚儀式を行っているということである。今までのまだ開催 されている日本の祭り、王子狐行列を見れば現代の日本社会の狐に対して 信念の発達も見られている。 キーワード:狐、 いなり、神話、信念 Universitas Darma Persada vi KATA PENGANTAR Pertama-tama penulis panjatkan syukur Kepada Tuhan Yesus Kristus, karena atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini tepat waktu. Penyusunan skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Sastra Program Studi Sastra Jepang pada Fakulstas Sastra, Unviversitas Darma Persada. Proses yang panjang yang dialami penulis selama mengerjakan skripsi ini membuat penulis menyadari bahwa kesabaran dan juga ketelitian sangatlah penting. Oleh karena itu penulis berharap skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi yang ingin meneliti lebih jauh tentang tema yang sama dalam karya ilmiah ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa banyak sekali pihak-pihak yang cukup berkontribusi, dari masa perkuliahan sampai pada penyusunan skripsi ini. Oleh karena itu penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: 1. Ibu Dr. Nani Dewi Sunengsih, S.S., M.Pd. selaku Dosen Pembimbing, Dekan Fakultas Sastra, dan Dosen Pembimbing Akademik yang telah banyak membantu serta memberikan waktu luang, tenaga beserta gagasan, dan pikiran untuk membimbing penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis sangat berterima kasih atas dorongan motivasi yang diberikan selama masa perkuliahan. 2. Bapak Dr. Hermansyah Djaya, S.S., M.A. selaku dosen pembaca yang telah memberikan banyak masukan, dan selalu membantu penulis untuk mengkaji dan mengkoreksi kembali tiap bab penulisan di dalam skripsi ini serta selalu memberikan semangat moril beserta motivasi kepada penulis. 3. Ibu Irawati Agustine, S.S., M.Hum. selaku ketua sidang yang terhormat. 4. Bapak Dr. Ari Artadi, Ph.D. selaku Ketua Jurusan Sastra Jepang. 5. Ibu Dra. Yuliasih Ibrahim selaku Wakil Dekan II, yang pernah mengjar penulis, terima kasih atas semangat, dukungan dan motivasi yang diberikan. 6. Seluruh dosen pengajar di Universitas Darma Persada yang telah banyak memberikan ilmu yang sangat bermanfaat selama proses perkuliahan berlangsung, serta para staf sekretariat fakultas Sastra Jepang Universitas Universitas Darma Persada vii Darma Persada yang sudah banyak membantu penulis. Baik selama perkuliahan hingga dalam proses pembuatan karya ilmiah ini. 7. Kedua orang tua penulis, bapak Ibu penulis, Tamin Silalahi dan Kartini Sagala yang sudah sangat banyak sekali membantu penulis dari segi materi dan juga doa yang tak pernah putus. Terima kasih atas semangat dan juga motivasi papa dan mama sampai akhirnya penulis dapat mencapai gelar sarjana. Serta kepada kakak penulis Eva Risma Via dan juga Abang penulis Nanda Sidahampung, yang juga selalu memberikan semangat, motivasi, dan doa untuk penulis. 8. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada kekasih hati, Lamria Margareth Sianipar, S.S. Terima kasih atas semangat, segala bantuan baik moral serta doa yang tak pernah putus sampai akhirnya Penulis dapat menyelesaikan segala tantangan dalam menulis skripsi ini. 9. Teruntuk kawan senior dan juga alumni, Efranta Ginting, S.S., terima kasih atas bantuannya dalam hal mengarahkan ataupun memberi masukkan mengenai pengerjaan skripsi, serta membantu mencarikan buku kepada Penulis. Terima kasih untuk doa dan semangatnya juga. Akhir kata, Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahun. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang bersifat konstruktif dari pembaca sangat diharapkan dalam membantu penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Penulis Tri Angga Tody Universitas Darma Persada viii DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDU ................................................................................................ i HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI ...................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. iii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... iv 概略 .......................................................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1 B. Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................................... 3 C. Pembatasan Masalah ................................................................................... 3 D. Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 3 E. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................ 4 F. Metode Penelitian ....................................................................................... 4 G. Landasan Teori ........................................................................................... 4 H. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 9 I. Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................ 9 BAB II MITOLOGI KITSUNE A. Kitsune ...................................................................................................... 11 B. Asal Kata Kitsune ...................................................................................... 11 C. Sejarah Kitsune di Jepang ......................................................................... 11 D. Legenda Kitsune ........................................................................................ 13 E. Kelemahan Kitsune ................................................................................... 15 Universitas Darma Persada ix BAB III PERKEMBANGAN KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT JEPANG TERHADAP SOSOK MITOLOGI KITSUNE PADA MASA SEKARANG (MASA HEISEI) A. Kepercayaan Masyarakat Jepang terhadap Kitsune .................................. 17 1. Mengkaitkan Adanya Proses Pernikahan Kitsune dengan Kondisi Cuaca ............................................................................................. 17 2. Kitsune Sebagai Penjaga yang Setia, Teman, Kekasih dan Istri .. 21 3. Kitsune Bersifat Jahat .................................................................... 21 4. Kitsune Memiliki Kecerdasan
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