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Parasitologia Hungarica 23. (Budapest, 1990)

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Parasitologia Hungarica 23. (Budapest, 1990) Parasit, hung. 23. 1990 Studies on Acanthocephala from aquatic birds in Hungary Dr. Zlatka M. DIMITROV A1, Dr. Éva MURAI2 and Dr. Todor GENOV3 Department of Zoology, Higher Institute of Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria' — Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary2 — Institute of Parasitology, Bulgarian Academy of Science*. Sofia, Bulgaria3 "Studies on Acanthocephala from aquatic birds in Hungary" - Dimitrova, Z. M., Murai, É. and Genov, T. - Parasit, hung., 23: 39-64. 1990. ABSTRACT. A total of 7 aquatic bird species of four orders were found as hosts of acanthocephalans: 5 species of the family Polymorphidae and one of the family Centrorhynchidae were established. Morphological descriptions are presented, illustrating their variability. Polymorphic diploinflatus, P. magnus, P. cf.phippsi and Southwellina hispida are reported first for the Hungarian fauna. KEY WORDS: Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae, Centrorhynchidae, morphology, taxonomy, intraspecific variability, aquatic birds, Hungary. When reviewing the endoparasites of birds in the regions of Hortobágy and Biharugra, EDELÉNYI (1964) described two acanthocephalan species from aquatic birds: Polymorphic striatus (Goeze, 1782) in anseriform and cico-niiform hosts, and Filicollis anatis (Schrank, 1788) in anseriform and gruiform birds. MURAI et al. (1983, 1985) recorded in Hortobágy National Park and Kiskunság National Park the following acanthocephalan parasites from aquatic birds: Polymorphic minutie (Goeze, 1872), Filicollis anatis (Schrank, 1788), Centrorhynchus aluconis (Mueller, 1780) and C. lancea (Westrumb, 1821). The aim of the present paper is to present new data on the species compo-sition, morphology and distribution of acanthocephalans from aquatic birds in Hungary. It is based on new specimens from anseriform, gruiform, ciconiiform and charadriiform hosts collected in different parts of the country and also on an already published material (MURAI et al. 1983) from Hortobágy National Park, used for further morphological investigations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Acanthocephalans were found in 7 bird species (Table 1). The specimens were fixed in 70 % alcohol. They were cleared in glycerol (25-100 %) or lactic acid and studied on temporary slides. When the metasomes of a part of the specimens were not sufficiently cleared they were heated in lactic acid until achieving satisfactory results (KHOKHLOVA 1965). Table 1 Quantitative characteristics of acanthocephalan invasion of hosts Hosts Acanthocephalans Prevalence Intensity (in number) (in number) I Ci coniiformes 1 Egretta alba Southwellina hispida 1/1 10 (2m,8f) II Anseriformes 2 Anas platyrhynchos Filicollis anatis 4/16 2(f);2(lm,lf) ; 2(m);l(f) Polymorphus diploinflatus 1/16 5(f) 3 Aythya fuligula Polymorphus magnus 1/6 2(f) 4 Somateria mollissima Polymorphus cf. phippsi 1/1 2(lm,If) 5 Bucephala clangula Filicollis anatis 1/3 l(m) III Gruiformes 6 Fulica atra Filicollis anatis 6/30 2(f);l(m); 2(lm,lf);4(f) ; 3(f);i(f) IV Charadriiformes 7 Vanellus vanellus Sphaerirostris lancea 2/22 3(f);3(f) Remarks: m=male; f=female The specimens were studied in an with "Amplival" microscope. The drawings were made with a drawing tube. The measurements in the text are given in millimeters and those in Tables 4, 6, 7 and 9 in /xm. The species are arranged according to AMIN (1985). The species are deposited in the parasite collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. They all bear host collection numbers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Family CENTRORHYNCHIDAE Sphaerirostris lancea (Westrumb, 1821) Specimens studied: No. 398, 3 females from small intestines of Vanellus vanellus, Hortobágy, April 1964; No. 661, 3 females from Vanellus vanellus, Kiskunság, Szabadszállás, April 1966. Description: Female (Fig. 1, Table 2): Trunk fusiform, elongate, 16.35-18.60 long and with maximum width at anterior part - 1.50-1.89; the next part of trunk narrowed, 0.60-0.75 wide. Proboscis slightly constricted at level of insertion of proboscis receptacle: 0.563-0.606 long and with maximum width 0.331-0.365 (anterior part of proboscides are invaginated); width of the proboscis base 0.281-0.344; width of constricted place 0.281- 0.325. Armature consisting of 34-36 longitudinal rows of 11-13 hooks in each. Firs 5-6 hooks with well- developed roots, directed backward, the others with rudimentary roots. Sizes of hooks (blade x root) are presented in Table 2. The largest of them are 3rd and 4th, up to 0.0450 x 0.0550 - 0.0625. Neck short and almost invaginated. Proboscis receptacle sac-like, double-wall-ed, 0.80-0.99 long and maximum 0.24-0.25 wide. Trunk full of eggs; eggs elliptical, 0.0375-0.0575 long and 0.0175-0.0225 wide; without polar swellings of middle shell. Fig. 1: Sphaerirostris lancea - N 661-2: a - female (anterior part); b - proboscis; c - longitudinal row of hooks; d - egg. Table 2 Metrie data of Sphaerirostris lancea from Vanellus vanellus 661-1 -3 (female 398 (female) CHARACTERISTICS n min -max x n min-max Total length 3 16.94 -19.33 18 326 1 17.48 Trunk: length 3 16.35 -18.60 17 70 1 16.50 width 3 1.50 -1.89 1 73 1 1.56 width (posterior part) 3 0.60 -0.75 0 65 1 0.66 Proboscis : length 3 0.560 -0.606 0 586 1 0.731 max. width 3 0.331 -0.363 0 352 1 0.388 width of constric­ ted place 3 0.281 -0.325 0. 306 1 0.281 width (basal part) 3 0.281 -0.344 0. 300 1 0.400 Number of longitudinal rows of hooks 3 34 -36 1 36 Number of hooks in each row 3 11 -12 1 13 Hook sizes: (blade x root) 2nd 0.035 -0.045 0.0375-0.0475 3rd 0 040 -0 .0450 xO.050-0. 0625 0 0375-0.0425x0.050 4th 0 035 -0 .0425 xO.035-0. 055 0.0425x0.0513 5th 0 030 -0 .0375 xO.035-0. 0375 0 0375x0.0375-0.040 6th 0 030 -0 .0375 xO.0275-0 .035 0.0325x0.0300 7th - 12th (13th) 0 025 -0 .0325 xO.0250-0 .030 0 0325x0.0250-0.030 Neck : length 1 0 120 1 0.250 width 1 0.440 Proboscis receptacle: - length 3 0.80 -0.99 1 0.85 width 3 0.24 -0.25 1 0.281 Lemnisci: length Eggs : length 0 .0375 -0.0575 0.0425-0.0550 width 0 .0175 -0.0225 0.0175-0.0275 compared to literature data of S. lancea and S. lanceoides Sphaerirostris lancea Sphaerirostris lanceoides SKRJABIN PETROCHENKO BELOPOL'SKAYA KHOKHLOVA BELOPOL1SKAYA 1913 1958 1983 1971 1983 Í2 - 20 9-22 1.70 1.5 0 - 2.50 0.600 0. 560 0.594 - 0.811 0.570 0.310-0.350 0.330 30 32 36 - 42 38 - 40 11 - 14 12 11 - 15 11 - 12 0 . 038x0.059 0.030-0.042x0.041-0.055 0.041 - 0.044 0.043 - 0.049 0.022 - 0.030 0.026 - 0.032 0.031 - 0.035 1.03-1.11 0.920 - 1.68 0.20-0.3 0 1 . 054 1.38 - 2.73 0.0440-0.0520 0.0670 - 0.0750 0.0520 0 . 0520-0.058 0.0180-0.0220 0.0250 0 . 0250-0.031 Remarks: Three female specimens studied are close to S. lancea (Westrumb, 1821) and to S. lanceoides (Petrochenko, 1949) Golvan, 1956 both from passeriform and charadriiform birds but they have 34-36 longitudinal rows of hooks compared to Sphaerirostris lancea with 30-32 rows (PETROCHENKO 1958, BELOPOLSKAYA 1983) and S. lanceoides with 36-40 rows (KHOKHLOVA 1971, BELOPOLSKAYA 1983). Another difference of our specimens in the blade length - it is up to 0.450 and is closer to S. lancea - 0.044 - than to S. lanceoides - 0.049. The measurements of the specimens studied, compared with data of the literature, are shown in Table 2. For lack of material (missing males) we were not able to differentiate it quite definitely as S. lancea. S. lancea is a common parasite of charadriiform and passeriform birds and an acanthocephalan widespread in Europe, China, Taiwan, Egypt and the U.S.A. (SCHMIDT 1969, KHOKHLOVA 1986). MURAI et al. (1983) reported 5. lancea from Vanellus vanellus and Philomachuspugnax in Hungary for the first time. Family POLYMORPHIDAE Filicollis anatis (Schrank, 1788) Specimens studied: írom Anas platyrhynchos: No. 1564, 2 females, Hortobágy, July 1968; No. 2092, 1 male and 1 female, Hortobágy, November 1970; No. 8150, 2 males, Péteri-tó, Kiskunság National Park, March 1979; No. 11331, 1 female, Ti-hany, March 1984; from Bucephala clangula: No. 9353, 1 male, Kisbalaton, January 1981; from Fulica atra: No. 739, 2 females, Hortobágy, September 1965; No. 3240, 1 male and 1 female, Agárd, September 1971; No. 3256, 1 male, Agárd, Sep-tember 1971; No. 3267, 4 females, Agárd, September 1971; No. 3268, 3 fema-les, Agárd, September 1971; No. 7297, 1 female, Hortobágy, September 1976. Description (based on the specimens horn A. platyrhynchos, see Fig. 2): Male: Total length 3.489-6.370. Trunk fusiform, 3.020-5.76 long and with maximum width 0.99-1.10. Anterior part (with length 0.469-0.500) of trunk covered with spines; spines situated in longitudinal rows of 7-8 spines each; length of spines 0.0125-0.027. Proboscis oviform, wider in its posterior half; 0.344-0.356 long and with maximum width 0.250-0.306. Armature consisting of 18-20 longitudinal rows of 9-11 hooks each. First 7-8 hooks uniform, with well-developed blades with length of the first 0.030-0.0325 and of 2nd- 8th 0.0375-0.040; blade length of last hooks 0.030-0.0325; only anterior hook roots clearly seen, 0.0275- 0.0375 long; other roots rudimentary (for further hook measurements see Table 4).
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