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Thesis Jesús Hernández Orts.Pdf INSTITUT CAVANILLES DE BIODIVERSITAT I BIOLOGIA EVOLUTIVA PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO 119 A Taxonomy and ecology of metazoan parasites of otariids from Patagonia, Argentina: adult and infective stages TESIS DOCTORAL POR Jesús Servando Hernández Orts Codirectores Francisco Javier Aznar Avendaño Francisco Esteban Montero Royo Enrique Alberto Crespo Valencia, mayo 2013 FRANCISCO JAVIER AZNAR AVENDAÑO, Profesor Titular de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universitat de València, FRANCISCO ESTEBAN MONTERO ROYO, Profesor Contratado Doctor de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universitat de València, y ENRIQUE ALBERTO CRESPO, Investigador Principal del CONICET y Profesor Titular de Ecología de la Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia, República Argentina. CERTIFICAN: que Jesús Servando Hernández Orts ha realizado bajo nuestra dirección, y con el mayor aprovechamiento, el trabajo de investigación recogido en esta memoria, y que lleva por título: ‘Taxonomy and ecology of metazoan parasites of otariids from Patagonia, Argentina: adult and infective stages’, para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas. Y para que así conste, en cumplimiento de la legislación vigente, expedimos el presente certificado en Paterna, a 31 de mayo de 2013 Francisco Javier Aznar Avendaño Francisco Esteban Montero Royo Enrique Alberto Crespo A MI OSO PARDO Foto principal de portada: Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET AGRADECIMIENTO AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero agradecer por su ayuda, cariño y comprensión a dos personas muy importantes en mi vida y que sin ellas no podría haber iniciado y/o completado esta tesis doctoral. Mucho tengo que agradecer a mi padre D. Jesús M. Hernández Avilés por apoyarme siempre en todos los proyectos en los que me he aventurado. Gracias papá por los consejos, el apoyo y por siempre acordarte de mí pese la distancia. También quiero agradecer a Gema Alama Bermejo, mi querida ‘Gemuka’. Tengo muchísimas cosas que agradecerte, tu apoyo incondicional, colaboración, sugerencias, regaños, pero sobretodo, tu paciencia. Gracias por ser mi mejor amiga y una excelente pareja. ¡Gracias por estar siempre a mi lado! Quiero agradecer especialmente a mis codirectores de tesis, Francisco Javier Aznar, Francisco Esteban Montero y Enrique Alberto Crespo por brindarme la oportunidad de trabajar en este proyecto y por compartir sus conocimientos y experiencias. Gracias por su amistad, paciencia y apoyo científico y personal durante estos años. Muchas gracias Javi por enseñarme el maravilloso mundo de los acantocéfalos y la ecología parasitaria. Gracias por todas las bromas, pero sobre todo, por compartir conmigo tus conocimientos ecológicos, filosóficos, ornitológicos y musicales. Muchas gracias Paco (mejor conocido para mí como ‘Dr. Manjula’, ‘Hueverto’, ‘Mongor’, ‘Parco’, ‘Perrete’, ‘Samuel’, ‘Webster’, ‘Wendell’, etc…) por enseñarme tanto sobre taxonomía, por instruirme en el dibujo de parásitos (una de mis grandes pasiones) y por darme la oportunidad de trabajar con digeneos, monogeneos y nematodos. Gracias Kike por permitirme trabajar con peces y mamíferos marinos en uno de los lugares más increíbles del planeta. Gracias por todos tus consejos y tus enseñanzas desde el primer día en Patagonia. Y por supuesto, gracias por ayudarme cuando más lo necesité. Mi más sincero agradecimiento a Juan Antonio Raga por permitirme colaborar y después trabajar en la Unidad de Zoología Marina. Muchas gracias Toni por todos tus consejos y enseñanzas durante todos estos años. Me gustaría agradecer a Néstor ‘Nesturio’ García del Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos del Centro Nacional Patagónico. Te agradezco tus consejos y sobre todo tu ayuda para conseguir material, así como para identificar todas las especies de peces. Gracias Nesturio por tu interés por colaborar conmigo en tantos proyectos, por siempre responder mis preguntas y por las tan interesantes discusiones sobre las pesquerías del mar argentino. Gracias también a Juan Antonio Balbuena y a Mercedes Fernández, por toda su ayuda y por los consejos o comentarios para mejorar este trabajo. De igual forma, quiero agradecer su apoyo en los buenos y malos momentos durante todos estos años en Valencia. Merche, ¡no te olvides de los pasos de baile! III AGRADECIMIENTOS Mucho tengo que agradecer a Bárbara Berón-Vera durante mis estancias en Puerto Madryn. Gracias Barbie por tus comentarios y sugerencias para mejorar los muestreos y el trabajo. Gracias por tu amistad, compresión, paciencia y ayuda en todo momento. Tengo que dar las gracias a Juanma Carrillo, Paula Mateu y Soledad Leonardi por toda la ayuda prestada en el análisis de los intestinos de lobo marino y la recolección de sus respectivos parásitos en Puerto Madryn. Muchísimas gracias Sole por ayudarme con el análisis parasitológico de la mayoría de los peces. Espero que después de esa experiencia todavía te guste comer pescado. Quiero agradecer a mis compañeros de la Unidad de Zoología Marina, especialmente con quien he tenido una estrecha amistad durante todos estos años. Gracias Ana A. por tu alegría y por estar siempre dispuesta a colaborar y ayudarme. Muchísimas gracias Aigües R. ‘huevo’ por todos tus consejos, bromas y tan acaloradas discusiones, pero sobre todo, por alegrarme las jornadas en el laboratorio. Gracias Ana B. por tu ayuda midiendo cientos de espinas de acantocéfalos, además de tu iniciativa, sugerencias y buen humor. Muchas gracias a Raúl M. (mejor conocido como ‘Niño’) por tu generosidad, paciencia y consejos. Gracias Niño por todos los cafés que me invitaste. Espero poder seguir colaborando contigo durante muchos años, pese a tu grave problema de ser simpatizante del Real Madrid. También quiero agradecer a todos los miembros actuales y pasados de la Unidad de Zoología Marina que me han ayudado de distintas maneras durante todos estos años: Abril R., Ana P., Angeles R. (‘Chati’), Azahar P., Carlos Y. (‘Canario’), Carmen B., Celia A., David G., Diana P., Euge F., Gabriela V., Helena M., Isa A., Javi B., Javi R., José, A., Jesús T., Mar V., María Jo F., María V., Mónica S., Natalia F., Neus S., Ohiana R., Patricia G., Ruth Q., Tamara G., Vicky H. y Volodimir S. Gracias por hacerme sentir como en casa. Tengo que mostrar mi agradecimiento a los profesores José Antonio Gil- Delgado, Antonio Camacho, Joaquín Baixeras, Pilar González y Eva Barreno de la Universidad de Valencia, por su ayuda y consejos prestados durante los primeros años del doctorado. De una forma muy especial quiero agradecer a Pascual A. por toda su ayuda con los ordenadores. Gracias Pascual por compartir todas tus experiencias, tu buen humor (y también por invitarme tantos cafés). Gracias también a todos los miembros (investigadores, becarios, colaboradores y técnicos) que conforman (o conformaron) el Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos durante los muestreos en Puerto Madryn. Quiero agradecer a Alejandra S., Carmen G., Damián V., Florencia G., Griselda G., Javier K., Leo H., Mariano C., Mariana D., Marina A., Rocío L. (¡Poncho amigo!), Silvana D., Silvina E., Santiago A., Susana P. y Vero B. Gracias por toda su ayuda durante mis estancias en Puerto Madryn. Agradezco toda su ayuda en la colecta y análisis de los lobos marinos. Muchas IV AGRADECIMIENTO gracias también por todos los mates y asados. Asimismo, me gustaría agradecer a Alejandra R., Guillermo S., y Raúl G. del Instituto de Biología Marina y Pesquera Almirante Storni en San Antonio Oeste, por su ayuda en la colecta y análisis de los lobos marinos varados en la Provincia de Río Negro. Mil gracias a todos a todos los colaboradores que trabajaron a mi lado durante todos estos años separando, contando, sexando (y resexando), tiñendo, montando, dibujando y midiendo los cientos de parásitos de peces y lobos marinos. Quiero agradecer especialmente a Ana Juan (mi joven padawan) y a Marga del Dedo por ayudarme durante muchos años y brindarme su amistad. Gracias Addie H., Ainoa P., Alejandro S., Angela C., Balsam A., Carlos L., Cira B. Cristina L., Gabriela S., Gessica R., Isabel N., Natalia P., Natalia V., Paula E., Sara S., y Teodora M. por su tiempo y esfuerzo. Quiero agradecer especialmente a María Ferrer-Montell por su entrega y dedicación. Gracias María, el Capítulo 5 te lo dedico a ti. Quiero agradecer a Enrique N., Pilar G., Maritere M. y Antonio I. de la Sección de Microscopía Electrónica del Servei Central de Suport a la Investigació Experimental (SCSIE) por su ayuda y consejos durante mi trabajo con el microscopio electrónico de barrido. I would also like to thank some people from the Institute of Parasitology (Biology Centre) who kindly helped me during my stay in České Budějovice. Thank you very much Astrid Holzer for giving me the opportunity to write my PhD thesis in your lab for so many months. I would like also to express my gratitude to Aneta Kostadinova for her valuable assistance and advice to improve my PhD. I would also like to thank Tomáš Scholz for all his help, and for quickly solving taxonomical questions. Special thanks are given to Isa Blasco for her help and advice in our molecular study of nematodes. Thank you Isa for all your assistance and advice throughout my PhD! Many other members of the Institute of Parasitology have helped me in different ways during all the months I spent in the Czech Republic. I would really like to thank: Ashlie H. (glove slap!), Carlitos M., Pavla B., Roman K., Simona G. (do you want coffee?) and Sneha P. Por supuesto tengo que dar las gracias a mi familia. Gracias a mis hermanos por toda su ayuda y consejos en los momentos difíciles. Muchísimas gracias a mis abuelos, tíos y primos por todo su apoyo y cariño desde tierras mexicanas. Quiero agradecer especialmente a mis tíos Fernando Hernández y Salvador Hernández por toda su ayuda y consejos durante todos estos años. Gràcies també a tota la meua família valenciana de Castelló de Rugat, el seu recolzament i ajuda han estat fonamentals. Moltes gràcies al meu Tio Pep i la Tia Lolita, a les meues ties Rosita i Carmen.
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