DOCSLIB.ORG

Anxiété Et Manipulation Parasitaire Chez Un Invertébré Aquatique : Approches Évolutive Et Mécanistique Marion Fayard

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anxiété Et Manipulation Parasitaire Chez Un Invertébré Aquatique : Approches Évolutive Et Mécanistique Marion Fayard Anxiété et manipulation parasitaire chez un invertébré aquatique : approches évolutive et mécanistique Marion Fayard To cite this version: Marion Fayard. Anxiété et manipulation parasitaire chez un invertébré aquatique : approches évolutive et mécanistique. Biodiversité et Ecologie. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. Français. NNT : 2020UBFCI006. tel-02940949v1 HAL Id: tel-02940949 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02940949v1 Submitted on 16 Sep 2020 (v1), last revised 17 Sep 2020 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’ETABLISSEMENT UNIVERSITE BOURGOGNE FRANCHE-COMTE PREPAREE A L’UNITE MIXTE DE RECHERCHE CNRS 6282 BIOGEOSCIENCES Ecole doctorale n°554 Environnement, Santé Doctorat des Sciences de la Vie Spécialité Ecologie Evolutive Par Fayard Marion _______________________________________________________________________________________ ANXIETE ET MANIPULATION PARASITAIRE CHEZ UN INVERTEBRE AQUATIQUE : APPROCHES EVOLUTIVE ET MECANISTIQUE Thèse présentée et soutenue à Dijon, le 28 Août 2020 Composition du Jury : Jean-Nicolas Beisel, Professeur, ENGEES, Université de Strasbourg Rapporteur Anne-Sophie Darmaillacq, Maître de Conférences, Université de Caen Rapporteure Jean-François Ferveur, Directeur de recherches CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté Examinateur Vincent Médoc, Maître de Conférences, Université de Saint-Etienne Examinateur Marie-Jeanne Perrot-Minnot, Maître de Conférences, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté Directrice Thierry Rigaud, Directeur de recherches CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté Examinateur - Président Titre : Anxiété et manipulation parasitaire chez un invertébré aquatique : approches évolutive et mécanistque Mots clés : acanthocéphale, amphipode, comportement, état émotionnel, manipulation parasitaire, prédation Les parasites à transmission trophique sont connus pour les de transmission, est faible. Chez les individus sains, nous avons mis changements phénotypiques qu’ils induisent chez leurs hôtes. Ces en évidence, par une approche corrélationnelle, une variabilité changements sont supposés favoriser la transmission des parasites interpopulationnelle de l’intensité des comportements antiprédateur vers un hôte définitif à travers la prédation de l’hôte intermédiaire. en lien avec le risque local de prédation, et la densité de gammares Ce phénomène de « manipulation parasitaire » a longtemps été vu conspéficiques. Nous avons également montré une flexibilité de la comme un trait adaptatif des parasites. La manipulation reposant réponse au stimulus de prédation chez des individus provenant de sur des interactions proie-prédateur, il est nécessaire de comprendre populations où le risque de prédation était élevé, la réponse comment les comportements antiprédateur sont modulés par des augmentant avec l’intensité du stimulus. En revanche, les individus facteurs exogènes (pression de prédation) et endogènes (infection provenant de populations à faible risque de prédation semblent parasitaire, état émotionnel, …) aux individus. Au cours de cette montrer une réponse relativement forte indépendamment de thèse, nous avons tenté d'approfondir la compréhension de ce l’intensité du stimulus, ce qui suggère une hypersensibilité. Ces phénomène, chez les crustacés amphipodes, en répondant à études corrélationnelles, portant sur l'analyse de la variabilité plusieurs questions : (1) quelle est l'étendue de la interpopulationnelle selon les pressions de prédation locales, nous multidimensionnalité de la manipulation parasitaire par les ont amenés à supposer que ces différentes stratégies seraient Acanthocéphales, quantifiée au travers d'une méta-analyse ; (2) intimement liées à l’expérience d’un stress chronique de la l'amplitude des changements de comportements antiprédateur prédation. Nous suggérons alors l’existence d’un état de long-terme varie-t-elle selon le contexte local de prédation ? ; (3) les de type anxiété qui pourrait être la résultante de la répétition comportements antiprédateur présentent-ils une flexibilité en lien d’épisodes de court-terme de peur. Nous avons effectué un premier avec le contexte local de prédation ? ; (4) le parasite "exploite" t-il pas en montrant expérimentalement l’existence de comportements la flexibilité comportementale des gammares sains, notamment en de peur et de type anxiété chez G. fossarum. L’ensemble de ces lien avec leur régulation émotionnelle de type anxiété ?. Au niveau travaux a démontré la place centrale des interactions proie- interspécifique à l'échelle du phylum des Acanthocéphales, nous prédateur dans l’étude de la manipulation parasitaire. Plus avons mis en évidence une altération marquée des comportements précisément, nous avons mis en évidence une variabilité et une en lien avec la défense antiprédateur des hôtes (changement de modulation complexe des comportements antiprédateur des hôtes microhabitat, protection et réponse à des stimuli). Au niveau du en lien avec le contexte local de prédation, et qui pourraient trouver couple hôte-parasite Gammarus fossarum, Pomphorhynchus racine dans un état émotionnel lié au stress chronique de la tereticollis, nous avons montré que l’intensité des changements de prédation. Ces travaux ouvrent alors quelques pistes à comportements antiprédateur induit par l'infection (phototaxie et investiguer telles que les mécanismes sous-jacents de cet état et utilisation du refuge) présentait une variabilité interpopulationnelle, l’éventuel rôle des parasites dans la modulation de cet état de type en lien avec le risque de prédation : la manipulation semble d’autant anxiété qui viendrait modifier l’expression des comportements plus forte que la pression de prédation locale, i.e. les opportunités antiprédateur. Title : Anxiety and parasite manipulation in an aquatic invertebrate : evolutive and mechanistic approaches Keywords : acanthocephala, amphipoda, behaviour, emotional state, parasite manipulation, predation Trophically transmitted parasites induce changes in their host’s transmission opportunities, is low. With a correlational approach, phenotype. These changes are supposed to increase transmission we also evidenced variation in the magnitude of antipredatory probability to definitive hosts through the predation of intermediate behaviours according to local predation risk and conspecifics hosts. This phenomenon is known as ‘parasite manipulation’ has density, in uninfected individuals. In addition, we emphasized been hypothesized to be an adaptive trait of parasites for a long flexibility of behavioural responses to predator cues: individuals time. As manipulation involves predator-prey interactions, it is from populations experiencing high predation risk exhibited therefore necessary to understand how antipredatory behaviours increased responses as predator cues concentrations increased. In are modulated by exogenous (predation pressure) and endogenous contrast, individuals from populations experiencing low predation (infection, emotional state) factors. We tried to go into this risk appeared to exhibit strong responses independent of predator phenomenon in depth, in amphipods, by responding to several cues concentrations, suggesting hypersensitivity. We supposed that questions : (1) what is the extent of the multidimensionality in these strategies would be closely related to the exposure to chronic parasite manipulation by Acanthocephalan, quantified through a predation risk. We therefore suggest the existence of an anxiety- meta-analysis ; (2) is there variation in the magnitude of like state that could result from the repetition of acute stress, i.e. antipredatory behaviours according to local predation risk? (3) are fear, episodes. We made a first step through an experimental antipredatory behaviours flexible with respect to local predation approach, evidencing the existence of both anxiety-like and fear risk? (4) Do parasites exploit behavioural flexibility in uninfected behaviours in G. fossarum. Overall, these works pointed out the individuals, in relation to an emotional state such as anxiety-like importance of predator-prey interactions in the study of parasite state? Within the Acanthocephala phylum, we evidenced notable manipulation. More particularly, we evidenced variation and changes, more particularly of host antipredatory behaviours complex modulation of host antipredatory behaviours in (microhabitat changes, protection and responses to stimuli). accordance with local predation risk, and which may be closely Considering Gammarus fossarum, Pomphorhynchus tereticollis related to an emotional state stemming from chronic predation host-parasite couple, we showed that there was variation in the stress. We therefore suggest some future directions to investigate, magnitude of antipredatory behavioural changes induced by such as the underlying mechanisms of anxiety-like state, and the infection (phototaxy and refuge use), with respect to local predation role of parasite in the modulation of this state that would modify risk : host manipulation seemed as strong
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Twenty Thousand Parasites Under The
    ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia Tesis Doctoral Twenty thousand parasites under the sea: a multidisciplinary approach to parasite communities of deep-dwelling fishes from the slopes of the Balearic Sea (NW Mediterranean) Tesis doctoral presentada por Sara Maria Dallarés Villar para optar al título de Doctora en Acuicultura bajo la dirección de la Dra. Maite Carrassón López de Letona, del Dr. Francesc Padrós Bover y de la Dra. Montserrat Solé Rovira. La presente tesis se ha inscrito en el programa de doctorado en Acuicultura, con mención de calidad, de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Los directores Maite Carrassón Francesc Padrós Montserrat Solé López de Letona Bover Rovira Universitat Autònoma de Universitat Autònoma de Institut de Ciències Barcelona Barcelona del Mar (CSIC) La tutora La doctoranda Maite Carrassón Sara Maria López de Letona Dallarés Villar Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, diciembre de 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cuando miro atrás, al comienzo de esta tesis, me doy cuenta de cuán enriquecedora e importante ha sido para mí esta etapa, a todos los niveles.
    [Show full text]
  • In Termite Nests (Blattodea: Termitidae) in a Cocoa Plantation in Brazil Biota Neotropica, Vol
    Biota Neotropica ISSN: 1676-0611 [email protected] Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Brasil Teixeira Lisboa, Jonathas; Guerreiro Couto, Erminda da Conceição; Pereira Santos, Pollyanna; Charles Delabie, Jacques Hubert; Araujo, Paula Beatriz Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) in termite nests (Blattodea: Termitidae) in a cocoa plantation in Brazil Biota Neotropica, vol. 13, núm. 3, julio-septiembre, 2013, pp. 393-397 Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade Campinas, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=199128991039 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 3 Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) in termite nests (Blattodea: Termitidae) in a cocoa plantation in Brazil Jonathas Teixeira Lisboa1,7, Erminda da Conceição Guerreiro Couto2, Pollyanna Pereira Santos3, Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie4,5 & Paula Beatriz Araujo6 1Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – UESC, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil. www.uesc.br/zoologia 2Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – UESC, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil. www.uesc.br/cursos/pos_graduacao/mestrado/ppsat 3Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, CEP 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brasil. www.pos.entomologia.ufv.br 4Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – UESC, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil. www.uesc.br/dcaa/index.php 5Laboratório de Mirmecologia, Convênio UESC/CEPLAC, Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau, CP 7, CEP 45600-000 Itabuna, BA, Brasil.
    [Show full text]
  • "Philosciidae" (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea)
    Org. Divers. Evol. 1, Electr. Suppl. 4: 1 -85 (2001) © Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik http://www.senckenberg.uni-frankfurt.de/odes/01-04.htm Phylogeny and Biogeography of South American Crinocheta, traditionally placed in the family "Philosciidae" (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) Andreas Leistikow1 Universität Bielefeld, Abteilung für Zoomorphologie und Systematik Received 15 February 2000 . Accepted 9 August 2000. Abstract South America is diverse in climatic and thus vegetational zonation, and even the uniformly looking tropical rain forests are a mosaic of different habitats depending on the soils, the regional climate and also the geological history. An important part of the nutrient webs of the rain forests is formed by the terrestrial Isopoda, or Oniscidea, the only truly terrestrial taxon within the Crustacea. They are important, because they participate in soil formation by breaking up leaf litter when foraging on the fungi and bacteria growing on them. After a century of research on this interesting taxon, a revision of the terrestrial isopod taxa from South America and some of the Antillean Islands, which are traditionally placed in the family Philosciidae, was performed in the last years to establish monophyletic genera. Within this study, the phylogenetic relationships of these genera are elucidated in the light of phylogenetic systematics. Several new taxa are recognized, which are partially neotropical, partially also found on other continents, particularly the old Gondwanian fragments. The monophyla are checked for their distributional patterns which are compared with those patterns from other taxa from South America and some correspondence was found. The distributional patterns are analysed with respect to the evolution of the Oniscidea and also with respect to the geological history of their habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Review and Meta-Analysis of the Environmental Biology and Potential Invasiveness of a Poorly-Studied Cyprinid, the Ide Leuciscus Idus
    REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2020.1822280 REVIEW Review and Meta-Analysis of the Environmental Biology and Potential Invasiveness of a Poorly-Studied Cyprinid, the Ide Leuciscus idus Mehis Rohtlaa,b, Lorenzo Vilizzic, Vladimır Kovacd, David Almeidae, Bernice Brewsterf, J. Robert Brittong, Łukasz Głowackic, Michael J. Godardh,i, Ruth Kirkf, Sarah Nienhuisj, Karin H. Olssonh,k, Jan Simonsenl, Michał E. Skora m, Saulius Stakenas_ n, Ali Serhan Tarkanc,o, Nildeniz Topo, Hugo Verreyckenp, Grzegorz ZieRbac, and Gordon H. Coppc,h,q aEstonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; bInstitute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway; cDepartment of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łod z, Poland; dDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; eDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, USP-CEU University, Madrid, Spain; fMolecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK; gDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK; hCentre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK; iAECOM, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada; jOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; kDepartment of Zoology, Tel Aviv University and Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Tel Aviv,
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Changes in Host Phenotype Manipulation by an Acanthocephalan: Time to Be Transmitted?
    219 Seasonal changes in host phenotype manipulation by an acanthocephalan: time to be transmitted? D. P. BENESH1*, T. HASU2,O.SEPPA¨ LA¨ 3 and E. T. VALTONEN2 1 Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Plo¨n, Germany 2 Department of Biological and Environmental Science, POB 35, FI-40014 University of Jyva¨skyla¨, Finland 3 EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, and ETH-Zu¨rich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), U¨ berlandstrasse 133, PO Box 611, CH-8600, Du¨bendorf, Switzerland (Received 23 July 2008; revised 25 September and 7 October 2008; accepted 7 October 2008; first published online 18 December 2008) SUMMARY Many complex life cycle parasites exhibit seasonal transmission between hosts. Expression of parasite traits related to transmission, such as the manipulation of host phenotype, may peak in seasons when transmission is optimal. The acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus lucii is primarily transmitted to its fish definitive host in spring. We assessed whether the parasitic alteration of 2 traits (hiding behaviour and coloration) in the isopod intermediate host was more pronounced at this time of year. Refuge use by infected isopods was lower, relative to uninfected isopods, in spring than in summer or fall. Infected isopods had darker abdomens than uninfected isopods, but this difference did not vary between seasons. The level of host alteration was unaffected by exposing isopods to different light and temperature regimes. In a group of infected isopods kept at 4 xC, refuge use decreased from November to May, indicating that reduced hiding in spring develops during winter.
    [Show full text]
  • Esox Lucius) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, February 2019 Web Version, 8/26/2019 Photo: Ryan Hagerty/USFWS. Public Domain – Government Work. Available: https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/26990/rec/22. (February 1, 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Circumpolar in fresh water. North America: Atlantic, Arctic, Pacific, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River basins from Labrador to Alaska and south to Pennsylvania and Nebraska, USA [Page and Burr 2011]. Eurasia: Caspian, Black, Baltic, White, Barents, Arctic, North and Aral Seas and Atlantic basins, southwest to Adour drainage; Mediterranean basin in Rhône drainage and northern Italy. Widely distributed in central Asia and Siberia easward [sic] to Anadyr drainage (Bering Sea basin). Historically absent from Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean France, central Italy, southern and western Greece, eastern Adriatic basin, Iceland, western Norway and northern Scotland.” Froese and Pauly (2019a) list Esox lucius as native in Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, 1 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Canada, and the United States (including Alaska). From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Occurs in Erqishi river and Ulungur lake [in China].” “Known from the Selenge drainage [in Mongolia] [Kottelat 2006].” “[In Turkey:] Known from the European Black Sea watersheds, Anatolian Black Sea watersheds, Central and Western Anatolian lake watersheds, and Gulf watersheds (Firat Nehri, Dicle Nehri).
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacea, Oniscidea)
    Carina Appel Análise e descrição de estruturas temporárias presentes no período ovígero de isópodos terrestres (Crustacea, Oniscidea). Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal. Área de concentração: Biologia comparada Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Paula Beatriz de Araujo UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL PORTO ALEGRE 2011 Análise e descrição morfológica de estruturas temporárias presentes no período ovígero de isópodos terrestres (Crustacea, Oniscidea). Carina Appel Dissertação de mestrado aprovada em ______ de _______________ de _______. _____________________________________ Drª. Laura Greco Lopes _____________________________________ Drª. Suzana Bencke Amato _____________________________________ Drª. Carolina Coelho Sokolowicz II a Perfeição da Vida “Por que prender a vida em conceitos e normas?... ...Tudo, afinal, são formas...” “A resposta certa, não importa nada: o essencial é que as perguntas estejam certas.” Mário Quintana III Agradecimentos Ao encerrar esta etapa gostaria de lembrar e agradecer as pessoas e instituições que de alguma forma contibuíram para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Assim, agradeço em primeiro lugar à minha orientadora, Profª. Paula, pela orientação, pelo incentivo, pelos ensinamentos compartilhados, pelo apoio nas horas difíceis, enfim por todo o carinho com que sempre me tratou. Obrigada do fundo do coração! À Aline que me auxiliou muitas vezes, obrigada pela paciência e atenção! Ao casal Buckup por toda a atenção, afeto, amizade, conselhos e conhecimentos compartilhados ao longo destes anos. Aos meus colegas e amigos Bianca, Ivan e Kelly, obrigada por todo o apoio, amizade e companheirismo, a amizade de vocês é algo que pretendo cultivar.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the Families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian Caves
    European Journal of Taxonomy 606: 1–38 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.606 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Campos-Filho et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:95D497A6-2022-406A-989A-2DA7F04223B0 New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves Ivanklin Soares CAMPOS-FILHO 1,*, Camile Sorbo FERNANDES 2, Giovanna Monticelli CARDOSO 3, Maria Elina BICHUETTE 4, José Otávio AGUIAR 5 & Stefano TAITI 6 1,5 Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão de Recursos Naturais, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58429-140 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. 2,4 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Carcinologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, 91510-979 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 6 Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy. 6 Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”, Via Romana 17, 50125 Florence, Italy. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Ecologia Populacional, Estratégias Reprodutivas E Uso De Recursos Por Isópodos Terrestres Neotropicais (Crustacea, Isopoda)
    Aline Ferreira de Quadros Ecologia populacional, estratégias reprodutivas e uso de recursos por isópodos terrestres neotropicais (Crustacea, Isopoda) Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Animal. Área de Concentração: Biologia e Comportamento animal Orientador: Profa Dra Paula Beatriz de Araujo UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL PORTO ALEGRE 2009 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. Ecologia populacional, estratégias reprodutivas e uso de recursos por isópodos terrestres neotropicais (Crustacea, Isopoda) Aline Ferreira de Quadros Tese de doutorado aprovada em _____________ _____________________________________ Profa. Dra. Paula Beatriz de Araujo _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Kleber Del-Claro _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sandro Santos ______________________________________ Profa. Dra. Vera Lúcia da S. Valente Gaiesky Em primeiro lugar, meus sinceros agradecimentos às entidades que possibilitaram a realização deste estudo: Ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal da UFRGS em especial aos professores que dedicam seu tempo às funções de administração e coordenação, e que através dos seus esforços trazem os recursos que financiam este e tantos outros trabalhos; à Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação da UFRGS pelos vários auxílios financeiros que possibilitaram a divulgação dos artigos em congressos nacionais e internacionais e à CAPES, por conceder a bolsa de mestrado e doutorado. Quem acompanha a rotina de um doutorando sabe o que significa a expressão “dedicação exclusiva”. Muitas vezes durante esta jornada, dedicamos não só (todo) nosso tempo, mas nossos pensamentos, carinho e quase toda nossa energia ao trabalho e assim, quase sempre falta atenção a quem está a nossa volta.
    [Show full text]
  • Neotropical Woodlice (Isopoda) Colonizing Leaf-Litter of Pioneer Plants
    NEOTROPICAL WOODLICE (ISOPODA) COLONIZING LEAF-LITTER OF PIONEER PLANTS... 743 Nota NEOTROPICAL WOODLICE (ISOPODA) COLONIZING LEAF-LITTER OF PIONEER PLANTS IN A COAL RESIDUE DISPOSAL ENVIRONMENT(1) Luciana Regina Podgaiski(2), Aline Ferreira Quadros(3), Paula Beatriz Araujo(4) & Gilberto Gonçalves Rodrigues(5) ABSTRACT The irregular disposal of coal combustion residues has adverse impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Pioneer plants and soil invertebrates play an important role in the recovery of these areas. The goal of this study was to investigate the colonization patterns of terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) in leaf litter of three spontaneous pioneer plants (grass - Poaceae, shrub – Euphorbiaceae, tree - Anarcadiaceae) at sites used for fly ash or boiler slag disposal. The experiment consisted of eight blocks (four per disposal site) of 12 litter bags each (four per plant species) that were randomly removed after 6, 35, 70 or 140 days of field exposure. Three isopod species were found in the litter bags: Atlantoscia floridana (van Name, 1940) (Philosciidae; n = 116), Benthana taeniata Araujo & Buckup, 1994 (Philosciidae; n = 817) and Balloniscus sellowii (Brandt, 1833) (Balloniscidae; n = 48). The isopods colonized the three leaf-litter species equally during the exposure period. However, the pattern of leaf-litter colonization by these species suggests a conflict of objectives between high quality food and shelter availability. The occurrence of A. floridana and the abundance and fecundity of B. taeniata were influenced by the residue type, indicating that the isopods have different degrees of tolerance to the characteristics of the studied sites. Considering that terrestrial isopods are abundant detritivores and stimulate the humus-forming processes, it is suggested that they could have an indirect influence on the soil restoration of this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Philosciids with Pleopodal Lungs from Brazil, with Description of a New
    Contributions to Zoology, 68 (2) 109-141 (1999) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Philosciids with pleopodal lungs from Brazil, with description of a new species (Crustacea, Isopoda) Paula+Beatriz Araujo¹ & Andreas Leistikow² 1 de Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Av. Paulo Gama, Departamento Zoologia, IB, Sul, pr. 12105, 2 CEP 90040-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected]; Universitdt Bielefeld, Ab- teilung fur Zoomorphologie und Systematik, Morgenbreede 45, D-33615, Bielefeld, e-mail: leiste@ biologie. uni-bielefeld. de Keywords : Crustacea, Peracarida, Isopoda, philosciids, pleopodal lungs, biogeography, Brazil Abstract Introduction Several from in species of “philosciid” Oniscidea areknown Brazil, South America is especially rich “philosciid” most of them were found in the southern and eastern parts of Oniscidea, although our knowledge is far from being this The Atlantoscia Ferrara & Taiti, 1981, country. genera complete.' Several authors contributed to our knowl- Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 and Balloniscus Budde-Lund, 1908, in the last but most of the older de- the latter Balloniscidae edge century, considered to represent a separate family the scriptions do not support phylogenetic evidence. Vandel, 1963, are considered only neotropical philosciids their bearing respiratory areas on pleopods. Therefore, represen- Budde-Lund (1908) was the first to discriminate tatives of these are re-examined to shed new light on genera subgenera among the species described as belonging the question whether these species can be considered to be a to Philoscia Latreille, 1804. His subgenera are now- monophylum with the autapomorphy “respiratory areas pres- elevated to generic rank. Lemos de Castro ent”, ofthe above-mentioned is adays The phytogeny genera discussed to under contributed our understanding of the morphological and biogeographical aspects.
    [Show full text]
  • Acanthocephalus Lucii
    Sayyaf Dezfuli et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:424 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3002-6 RESEARCH Open Access Pike intestinal reaction to Acanthocephalus lucii (Acanthocephala): immunohistochemical and ultrastructural surveys Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli1*, Luisa Giari1, Massimo Lorenzoni2, Antonella Carosi2, Maurizio Manera3 and Giampaolo Bosi4 Abstract Background: The Northern pike, Esox lucius, is a large, long-lived, top-predator fish species and occupies a broad range of aquatic environments. This species is on its way to becoming an important model organism and has the potential to contribute new knowledge and a better understanding of ecology and evolutionary biology. Very few studies have been done on the intestinal pathology of pike infected with helminths. The present study details the first Italian record of adult Acanthocephalus lucii reported in the intestine of E. lucius. Results: A total of 22 pike from Lake Piediluco (Central Italy) were examined, of which 16 (72.7%) were infected with A. lucii. The most affected areas of gastrointestinal tract were the medium and distal intestine. The intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 18 parasites per host. Acanthocephalus lucii penetrated mucosal and submucosal layers which had a high number of mast cells (MCs) with an intense degranulation. The cellular elements involved in the immune response within the intestine of pike were assessed by ultrastructural techniques and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against met-enkephalin, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-like receptor (FCεRIγ), histamine, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, substance P, lysozyme, serotonin, inducible-nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the antimicrobial peptide piscidin 3 (P3).
    [Show full text]