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Geographic Variation of Corynosoma Strumosum (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) - a Parasite of Marine Mammal

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Geographic Variation of Corynosoma Strumosum (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) - a Parasite of Marine Mammal 111-, ISSN 0704-3716 Canadian Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 5589 Geographic variation of Corynosoma Strumosum (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) - a parasite of marine mammal V.N. Popov et al. Original title: Geograficheskaya izmenchivost' Cory'hosoma Strumosum (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) parazita morskikh mlekopitayushchikh In: Zoologicheskii zhurnal; vol. 66, no. 1; 1987 Original language: Russian Available from: Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information National Research Council Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0S2 1993 15 typescript pages Department of the Secretary Sod:Marlin d'État PAPIER À EN-TETE of Stale of Canada du Canada TRANSLATION LETTERHEAD - 1H MULTILINGUAL TRANSLATION DIRECTOFtATE DIRECTION DE LA TRADUCTION MULTILINGUE TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DE LA TRADUCTION City- OrigMaw File No. - Department - tentstère Division/Branch - DIvIsioniDlrecdon Référence du demandeur - DFO Scientific Pubs. Mont-Joli, Qué. Translation Request Pb.- Language - Lanus Translator (initials) - Traducteur (Initiales) N° de la dernande de traductIcn 3850587 Russian Gil Dazé Zoologicheskii zhurnal, Vol. 66, No. 1, 1987, pp 12 - 18, USSR. UDC 595.133 : 591.152 GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF COR YNOSOMA STRUMOSUM (ACANTHOCEPHALA, POLYMORPHIDAE) - A PARASITE OF MARINE MAMMALS By V.N. POPOV and M.E. FORTUNATO The geographic variation of plastic characters and alternative variations in the number of rows of hooks on the proboscis and the number of hooks in each row has been studied in 11 262 specimens of C. strumosum from the ringed seal from the Barents, East Siberian, Bering and Okhotsk seas. C. strumosum is a polymorphous species which comprises two large groups of populations: the Western Arctic and the Arctic Pacific. The spatial and age-sex structure of the two groups of populations has been analyzed. It is now generally recognized that one of the most important factors in microevolution is the geographic isolation of populations (Mayr, 1971). This problem which has been elaborated for the most part for the example of free- living organisms, has also been confirmed by studies of parasitic forms (Beklemishev, 1970; Kennedy, 1978). Study of the population structure of parasites makes it possible to trace not only their evolution and dispersal routes, but also by taking into consideration the conjunction of the evolution of parasites and their hosts, to restore the phylogeny and possible dispersal routes of the hosts. In addition, by using parasites as a peculiar biological "marker", such data make it possible to isolate populations and intrapopulation groupings of hosts (Margolis et al., 1966; Konovalov, 1971; Delyamure et al., 1979), which is very important in the organization of measures for the preservation and SEC 5 - 15e (CO -01) rational utilization of the animal world. Analysis of population-morphological and phenetic indices occupies an important place among the numerous methods of studying geographic variation (Timofeev-Resovskii et al., 1973; Yablokov, 1980). Until recently, analysis of variation of plastic characters has usually been used in parasitology in the study of intraspecies variation. This method has been used to refine the taxonomic status of many species of helminths (Khokhlova, 1970; Skryabin, 1972; Dailey, 1975; Skryabina, 1978), as well as to establish manifestations of clinal variation, enabling determination of geographic intraspecies groups of some species of thorny-headed worms (Skryabina, 1978; Popov, Marichev, 1979). However, on the whole, materials on the study of the geographic variation of helminths are inadequate. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the geographic variation of a widely distributed pinniped parasite - the thorny-headed worm Corynosoma strumosum Luhe, 1904. The helminth collection of the Faculty of Zoology of Simferopol University from pinnipeds of the Pacific and Arctic seas of the USSR served as the material for the investigation. All the materials were collected by the standard procedure (Delyamure, Skryabin, 1965). The work presents the results of the study of the geographic variation of 11 262 specimens of C. strumosum, as well as information on the quantitative indices of infestation (extensiveness- of invasion and index of abundance) by this species of more than 2 500 individuals of four species of family Phocidae (ringed seal - Pusa hispida, harbour seal - Phoca largha, ribbon seal - Histriophoca fasciata and bearded seal - Erignathus barbatus). The material was collected in 1968 - 1969 in the Barents Sea, in 1969 - 1975 in the Sea of Okhotsk, in 1972 and 1978 in the Bering and Chukchi seas and in 1977 and 1978 in the East Siberian Sea. Considering its purpose, the work discusses the peculiarities of the geographic variation of the following plastic characters: body length, minimal and maximal body width, proboscis length and width, length of the bulbously expanded and posterior constricted parts of the body, length of the largest of the proboscis hooks, length of the genital spines and the spines on the body, length and width of ripe eggs. In addition, the geographic variation of two meristic characters was examined: the number of longitudinal rows of hooks on the proboscis and the number of hooks in a row. The particular values of these two characters can be considered as phenes (as we shall call them for the sake of brevity in this work), since they have a discrete nature and can therefore provide a more clear-cut characterization of the population than most plastic 3 indicators. The morphological characters of the worms were measured after Petrochenko (1956). The data were analysed biometrically. Student's t test was used in comparison of samples by plastic characters, Fisher's F test in the analysis of alternative characters. Table 1 presents the data on the geographic variation of C. strumosum. They show that in different parts of the range of this species there is a clearly expressed variation in many plastic characters in both males and females. In particular, the average body length of this parasite decreases reliably from the Sea of Okhotsk to the East Siberian Sea. We do not have materials for the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea, but the results obtained in measurements of thorny- headed worms from the Barents Sea indicate that the values of the plastic characters increase once again from the East Siberian to the Barents Sea. Table 2 shows general information on the frequency of occurrence of individuals with different number of longitudinal rows of hooks on the proboscis and different number of hooks in the row in thorny-headed worms from different parts of the range. It can be seen that for the basic phenes of the species (17 and 18 rows of hooks and 10 and 11 hooks in a row), the differences from adjacent seas in most cases are not reliable. At the same time, in remote parts of the range, these differences are substantial. For example, for the phenes of 17 and 18 rows of hooks, individuals from the Barents Sea reliably differ from the other study samples. The exceptional nature of the worms from the Barents Sea is also confirmed by the frequency of occurrence of rare phenes (15, 16, 20 and 21 rows of hooks and 8, 9 and 12 hooks in a row). The group of Arctic - Pacific C. strumosum populations show a relative similarity in the phenes of 17 and 18 rows of hooks which are typical for the Tabluya H3metiqueocmb mopckonozwiecicux npu3umwe (-' 11-m)* Corynosorna strtunosum om Ko.uota noû Repubs u3 pa31ber vacated apeau 6±.30cT0quo-Cn6npcK0e mope 2J 0 xcrrcxoe rœpe Bapeltiteno Tlyxorceoe Bepuurono ripmsnux ne ye (r2 =79) llayuceau ry6a o-u ILlaneypuna mope mope TayficKan ry6a IllaIrrapocae lOximull CA». 0=8(4 (ri-.160) 1 (te=80) (0=80( mix (n=.40) _LS _L7 18 19 (n= 80) 22 0-sa 2 A,ninia Tena, buf 0,39 f:0,13 0,07+0,07 6,52-E0,08 6,98 1-0,10 7,38+0,11 0,92+0,09 7,06+0,09 7,45-4-0,10 6,22+0,09 5,33 F0,08 5,91+0,12 6,29+0,12 0,73*-0,11 6,17+0,09 6,14+0,08 6,58-1-0,15 3 Ilinpirna ena (maxc.), mid 1,28-1-9,03 1,22+0,02 1,36+0,02 1,41+0,02 1,37+0,02 1,41+0,02 1,40+0,02 1,24 170,03 1,00±0,01 1,08+0,02 1,193-0,02 1,25+0,02 1 , 16±0 , 02 1 ,15±0, 01 1,19±0,02 4 Zinnia xo6oTKa, MM 0,70-f-0,03 0,02 1-0,01 0,08+0,01 0,65+0,01 0,63+0,01 0,63+0,01 , 62±0 , 01 0,64+0,01 0,63 +0,01 0,60+0,01 0,65+0,01 0,60-H1,01 0,59+0,01 , 60±0 , 01 0,58±0,004 0,5910,003 5 111upinia xo.5oTKa, MM 0,281-0,01 0,26+70,002 0,20 +0,005 0,27170,002 0,29 +.0,002 0,29+0,002 0,30+0,002 0,30+0,002 0,263:0,01 0,23+0,002 0,24+0,002 0,25+0,004 0,257E0,002 0,26+0,007 0,26±0,002 0,27+0,003 6 ,aninia 6ynb6yca, mitt 1,89+0,95 2,09.4,03 2,18+0,04 2,27+0,05 2,377E0,04 2,31+-0,03 2,34+0,04 2,37+0,04 1,94+0,06 1,05+0,03 1,891-0,05 2,03+0,07 2,12+0,03 2,1+0,04 1 , 98±0,02 1,99±-0,04 7 IVIHHa cynieuliori.nacTli Tena, MM 4,22+0,11 4,57+0,07 4,33-F0,07 4,71+0,07 5,01+0,08 4,62+0,07 4,72+0,07 5,08-1-0,07 4,29 1E0,06 3,68+0,07 3,99+0,10 4,27+0,08 4,61+0,08 4,16+0,07 4,12+0,07 4,59+0,012 8 Tena K ero unifnixe 5,03-l--0,09 5,43+0,06 4,82+0,08 4,97+0,05 5,12-17:0,08 5,05-l--0,07 5,02+0,06 5,3314408 5,02+0,11 5,33-F0,07 5,51+0,07 5,30*0,08 5,38+0,05 5 , 33±0 ,07 5,35±0,07 5,52+0,09 9 OTiloweinie J1HHbZ xo6oTiia x ero unimine 2,54-f--0,06 2,44 +0,03 2,59+0,03 2,41+0,03 2,23+0,03 2,20+0,03 2 , 09-f-0,03 2,18+0,02 2,47+0,07 2,03-l--0,03 2,69+0,04 2,41-1-0,03 2,91+0,03 2,29+0,03 2,14±0 , 02 2,25 ±0,0à 10 ,annim zo6oTKa B ripouenTax Tena 11,07+0,31 11,43=0,19 10,6+0,22 9,29+0,13 8,66 7E0,15 9,23-1-0,15 8,84+0,14 8,63+-0,14 10,3+0,29 9,46+0,13 11,2+0,26 9,56+0,17 8,91+0,19 9,80+-0,16 9,49+0 ,15
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