Ionic and Osmotic Equilibria of Human Red Blood Cells
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Modelling of Red Blood Cell Morphological and Deformability Changes During In-Vitro Storage
applied sciences Article Modelling of Red Blood Cell Morphological and Deformability Changes during In-Vitro Storage Nadeeshani Geekiyanage 1 , Emilie Sauret 1,*, Suvash Saha 2 , Robert Flower 3 and YuanTong Gu 1 1 School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia; [email protected] (N.G.); [email protected] (Y.G.) 2 School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; [email protected] 3 Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 February 2020; Accepted: 27 April 2020; Published: 4 May 2020 Featured Application: Red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion is a critical issue facing transfusion treatments, and significant changes in RBC morphology and deformability are observed due to the storage lesion. RBCs require high deformability to sustain in-vivo circulation, and impaired deformability leads to several post-transfusion adverse outcomes. Therefore, improved understanding of the interrelation between the morphological and deformability changes and the quality and viability of the stored RBCs is essential to prevent or reduce the transfusion related adverse outcomes. To support this requisite, the influence on RBC deformability due to several aspects of the storage lesion, namely, the changes in cell morphology, surface area and volume, RBC membrane biomechanics, and cytoskeletal structural integrity are explored numerically in this study. Abstract: Storage lesion is a critical issue facing transfusion treatments, and it adversely affects the quality and viability of stored red blood cells (RBCs). -
Morphological Study of Human Blood for Different Diseases
Research Article ISSN: 2574 -1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2020.30.004893 Morphological Study of Human Blood for Different Diseases Muzafar Shah1*, Haseena1, Kainat1, Noor Shaba1, Sania1, Sadia1, Akhtar Rasool2, Fazal Akbar2 and Muhammad Israr3 1Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, University of Swat, Pakistan 2Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Pakistan 3Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Swat, Pakistan *Corresponding author: Muzafar Shah, Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, University of Swat, Pakistan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: August 25, 2020 The aim of our study was the screening of blood cells on the basis of morphology for different diseased with Morphogenetic characters I e. ear lobe attachment, clinodactyly Published: September 07, 2020 and tongue rolling. For this purpose, 318 blood samples were collected randomly. Samples were examined under the compound microscopic by using 100x with standard Citation: Muzafar Shah, Haseena, method. The results show 63 samples were found normal while in 255 samples, different Kainat, Noor Shaba, Sania, Sadia, et al. types of morphological changes were observed which was 68.5%, in which Bite cell 36%, Morphological Study of Human Blood for Elliptocyte 34%, Tear drop cell 30%, Schistocyte 26%, Hypochromic cell 22.5%, Irregular Different Diseases. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res contracted cell 16%, Echinocytes 15.5%, Roleaux 8%, Boat shape 6.5%, Sickle cell 5%, Keratocyte 4% and Acanthocytes 1.5%. During the screening of slides, bite cell, elliptocyte, tear drop cell, schistocytes, hypochromic cell, irregular contracted cells were found 30(1)-2020.Keywords: BJSTR.Human MS.ID.004893. blood; Diseases; frequently while echinocytes, boat shape cell, acanthocytes, sickle cells and keratocytes Morphological; Acanthocytes; Keratocyte were found rarely. -
Complete Blood Count in Primary Care
Complete Blood Count in Primary Care bpac nz better medicine Editorial Team bpacnz Tony Fraser 10 George Street Professor Murray Tilyard PO Box 6032, Dunedin Clinical Advisory Group phone 03 477 5418 Dr Dave Colquhoun Michele Cray free fax 0800 bpac nz Dr Rosemary Ikram www.bpac.org.nz Dr Peter Jensen Dr Cam Kyle Dr Chris Leathart Dr Lynn McBain Associate Professor Jim Reid Dr David Reith Professor Murray Tilyard Programme Development Team Noni Allison Rachael Clarke Rebecca Didham Terry Ehau Peter Ellison Dr Malcolm Kendall-Smith Dr Anne Marie Tangney Dr Trevor Walker Dr Sharyn Willis Dave Woods Report Development Team Justine Broadley Todd Gillies Lana Johnson Web Gordon Smith Design Michael Crawford Management and Administration Kaye Baldwin Tony Fraser Kyla Letman Professor Murray Tilyard Distribution Zane Lindon Lyn Thomlinson Colleen Witchall All information is intended for use by competent health care professionals and should be utilised in conjunction with © May 2008 pertinent clinical data. Contents Key points/purpose 2 Introduction 2 Background ▪ Haematopoiesis - Cell development 3 ▪ Limitations of reference ranges for the CBC 4 ▪ Borderline abnormal results must be interpreted in clinical context 4 ▪ History and clinical examination 4 White Cells ▪ Neutrophils 5 ▪ Lymphocytes 9 ▪ Monocytes 11 ▪ Basophils 12 ▪ Eosinophils 12 ▪ Platelets 13 Haemoglobin and red cell indices ▪ Low haemoglobin 15 ▪ Microcytic anaemia 15 ▪ Normocytic anaemia 16 ▪ Macrocytic anaemia 17 ▪ High haemoglobin 17 ▪ Other red cell indices 18 Summary Table 19 Glossary 20 This resource is a consensus document, developed with haematology and general practice input. We would like to thank: Dr Liam Fernyhough, Haematologist, Canterbury Health Laboratories Dr Chris Leathart, GP, Christchurch Dr Edward Theakston, Haematologist, Diagnostic Medlab Ltd We would like to acknowledge their advice, expertise and valuable feedback on this document. -
Osmotic Power Plant High Efficiency Renewable Energy System D.Govarthan, R.Kathiresan, K.Eswaramoorthy*
South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2, No.22 (2016) 112–117 ISSN No: 2454-9614 Osmotic Power Plant High Efficiency Renewable Energy System D.Govarthan, R.Kathiresan, K.Eswaramoorthy* Department of EEE, SASURIE College of Engineering, Vijayamangalam, Tiruppur, Tamilnadu, India. *Corresponding Author: K. Eswaramoorthy E-mail: [email protected] Received: 13/11/2015, Revised: 18/12/2015 and Accepted: 16/04/2016 Abstract The need of new energy sources has led to a number of alternatives. One of those alternatives is energy created by transportation of solutions, osmotic energy or salinity gradient energy. In the osmotic process two solutions with different salt-concentrations are involved (often freshwater and salt-water). A semi permeable membrane, which is an organic filter, separates the solutions. The membrane only lets small molecules like water- molecules pass. The water aspires to decrease the salt-concentration on the membrane side that contains more salt. The water therefore streams through the membrane and creates a pressure on the other side. This pressure can be utilized in order to gain energy, by using a turbine and a generator. 1. Introduction 1.1 Osmosis Principle Diffusion of molecules through a semi permeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal. Osmosis is a process by which water moves through a membrane which blocks other particles, which is used to purify water. For osmotic power it works in reverse, with osmosis drawing fresh water through the membrane to mix with salty water, thereby increasing its pressure which can be harnessed to drive electricity turbines. -
The Influence of Magnetic Fields on Selected Physiological Parameters
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/497990; this version posted December 17, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 The Influence of Magnetic Fields on Selected Physiological 2 Parameters of Blood and Tissues in Mice 3 Hani M. Abdelsalama and Mohammed Elywab 4 a Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University 5 b Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University 6 Running title: Effect of magnetic fields on antioxidants and enzymes 7 Manuscript pages: 19, Figures: 7, Tables: 7. 8 *Corresponding author: 9 Hani M. Abdelsalam 10 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University Tel.:0020552303252 11 Tel.: +201008051012 E-mail:[email protected] 12 Co-author: 13 Mohammed Elywa E-mail: [email protected] 14 15 Abstract 16 This study aimed to highlight the influence of exposure to different applied magnetic fields (MFs) on 17 SOD, MDA and GSH levels in the liver, LDH and CPK activities in the muscle and γ-aminobutyric acid levels 18 in the brain, as well as some haematological parameters. Adult male albino Swiss mice were divided into 5 19 equal groups (n = 6), the control group (untreated) and four exposure groups that were exposed to MFs of 20, 20 40, 60 and 80 Gauss for 5 min/day for 5 days.: Exposure to MFs induced significant decreases in total GSH 21 levels and SOD activity but a significant increase in MDA levels in the liver. -
TOPIC 5 Lab – B: Diagnostic Tools & Therapies – Blood & Lymphatic
TOPIC 5 Lab – B: Diagnostic Tools & Therapies – Blood & Lymphatic Disorders Refer to chapter 17 and selected online sources. Refer to the front cover of Gould & Dyer for normal blood test values. Complete and internet search for videos from reliable sources on blood donations and blood tests. Topic 5 Lab - A: Blood and Lymphatic Disorders You’ll need to refer to an anatomy & physiology textbook or lab manual to complete many of these objectives. Blood Lab Materials Prepared slides of normal blood Prepared slides of specific blood pathologies Models of formed elements Plaque models of formed elements Blood typing model kits Blood Lab Objectives – by the end of this lab, students should be able to: 1. Describe the physical characteristics of blood. 2. Differentiate between the plasma and serum. 3. Identify the formed elements on prepared slides, diagrams and models and state their main functions. You may wish to draw what you see in the space provided. Formed Element Description / Function Drawing Erythrocyte Neutrophil s e t y c Eosinophils o l u n a r Basophils Leukocytes G e Monocytes t y c o l u n Lymphocytes a r g A Thrombocytes 4. Define differential white blood cell count. State the major function and expected range (percentage) of each type of white blood cell in normal blood. WBC Type Function Expected % Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Lymphocytes 5. Calculation of the differential count? 6. Define and use in proper context: 1. achlorhydria 5. amyloidosis 2. acute leukemia 6. anemia 3. agnogenic myeloid metaplasia 7. autosplenectomy 4. aleukemic leukemia 8. basophilic stippling 9. -
INAUGURAL–DISSERTATION Zur Erlangung Der Doktorwürde Der Naturwissenschaftlich-Mathematischen Gesamtfakultät Der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
INAUGURAL–DISSERTATION zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Naturwissenschaftlich-Mathematischen Gesamtfakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg vorgelegt von Valeria Malieva geboren am 23. Mai 1986 in Lipezk, Russland Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Mathematical Modelling and Simulations of Brain Cell Swelling Under Ischaemic Conditions Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Willi Jäger Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Prof. Willi Jäger and Prof. Peter Bastian. I am especially thankful to Prof. Willi Jäger for granting me the opportunity to work on this fascinating topic, for believing in me and for his scientific as well as moral guidance. From Prof. Willi Jäger I learned not only what it takes to be an accomplished researcher, but also how important it is to stay true to oneself. I am very thankful to Prof. Peter Bastian for supporting my research, for being understanding and for always finding time to discuss my work. For allowing me to pursue my scientific work in an academically excellent environment, I would like to thank the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science of Heidelberg University. I am very grateful to Dr. Felix Heimann for his contribution to the development of the simulation framework for my thesis and for advising me on the subject of physics. The discussions that I had with Dr. Felix Heimann and his enthusiastic participation played a great role in the development of this work. I would also like to acknowledge the contribution of Prof. Maria Neuss-Radu to the early development of the mathematical model. I am grateful for her interest in the project and for helping in its advancement. -
Sarah Barns Thesis
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF RED BLOOD CELL MORPHOLOGY AND DEFORMABILITY SARAH BARNS BEng(Mech)(Hons), GradCert(TerEd), GradDip(Math) Submitted in fulfilment for the requirements of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology in collaboration with The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 2018 Statement of Originality The work contained in this thesis has not been previously submitted to meet requirements for an award at this or any other higher education institution. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made. Signature: QUT Verified Signature Date: July 28, 2018 Numerical Modelling of Red Blood Cell Morphology and Deformability Page i Keywords . Red blood cell . Numerical modelling . Course-grained particle method . Morphology . Shape . Deformability . Discocyte . Echinocyte . AFM indentation . Optical tweezer stretching . Membrane . Mechanics . Hertz contact . Mechanical deformation Page ii Numerical Modelling of Red Blood Cell Morphology and Deformability Abstract The primary function of the red blood cell (RBC) is to distribute oxygen throughout the body. This requires RBCs to squeeze through narrow blood vessels which can be just half their own diameter, making cellular deformability critical for performance. RBC deformability is predominately controlled by the properties of the cell membrane, which consists of an outer lipid bilayer with embedded proteins and cholesterol, and a spectrin-based cytoskeleton tethered beneath. The strength of the bilayer’s resistance to bending and surface area changes, as well as the strength of the cytoskeleton’s resistance to stretch and shear dictate the cell’s ability to deform under external loading. -
An Excerpt from Sakurai's Lectures on Organic Chemistry and The
Appendix: An Excerpt from Sakurai’s Lectures on Organic Chemistry and the Corresponding Part of Majima’s Notebook of Sakurai’s Lectures Sakurai’s Original Lecture Notes ⎡ CO ⎤ Alizarine ⎢CHH ::CHH (OH) ⎥ C HOO . ⎣ 64CO 62 21⎦ 4 84 Alizarine is a well known red colouring matter extracted from the roots of ‘madder’ plant, botanically known as Rubia tinctoricum. The colouring matter, however, does not exist as such in the plant, but in the form of a glucoside. This glucoside called rubian or ruberythric acid undergoes hydrolysis under the influence of a ferment, called erythrozym [sic] also cont[aine]d in the plant. No action takes place so long as the plant is living, but when it is cut and the roots are left in a moist condition, alizarine separates out. + 26 28OH14 H2OCO 14HO84O 2C61HOH 26O Ruberythric acid alizarinei glucose The above equation represents the change according to Graebe and Liebermann. Alizarine is almost insoluble in water. It dissolves in alkali form- ing a beautiful violet colour, from which carbonic acid precipitates it. The p[reci]p[ita]te on drying and sublimation forms fine orange-red needles. M[elting] P[oint] 290. It dissolves easily in alcohol, ether, benzene, etc. The alkaline sol[utio]n treated with aluminium sulphate gives a red lake. (carmine red) ferric salts give purple. stannic salts give red (orange red) ferrous salts give brown. 176 APPENDIX On account of the production of these comp[oun]ds alizarine has long been employed as one of the most important dyes, and for this purpose “Madder” plant was extensively planted. -
Osmotic Pressure
Osmotic pressure Osmotic Pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane.[1] It is also defined as the measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. Potential osmotic pressure is the maximum osmotic pressure that could develop in a solution if it were separated from its pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis occurs when two solutions containing different Osmosis in a U-shaped tube concentrations of solute are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solvent molecules pass preferentially through the membrane from the low-concentration solution to the solution with higher solute concentration. The transfer of solvent molecules will continue until equilibrium is attained.[1][2] Contents Theory and measurement Applications Derivation of the van 't Hoff formula See also References External links Theory and measurement Jacobus van 't Hoff found a quantitative relationship between osmotic pressure and solute concentration, expressed in the following equation: where is osmotic pressure, i is the dimensionless van 't Hoff index, c is the molar concentration of solute, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins. This formula applies when the solute concentration is sufficiently low that the solution can be treated as an ideal solution. The proportionality to concentration means that osmotic pressure is a colligative property. Note the similarity of this formula to the ideal gas law in the form where n is the total number of moles of gas molecules in the volume V, and n/V is the molar concentration of gas molecules. -
Pathology Course
Pathology Course Kindly Sponsored by: Edited by: Michelle Kunc, Jhia Teh, Sally Barker and Yvonne Tsitsiou 1 Introduction The Medical Education Society (MedED) was established in 2004 by three students who were keen to develop schemes whereby senior students tutor younger ones - ‘peer-to- peer’ learning. It was decided that teaching would be outside the formal curriculum and the topics covered would reflect learning needs identified by members of the society and student body. This year we have coordinated PACES and Pathology revision courses, which are being delivered by past ICSM students. We hope you enjoy our Year 5 events and find their content useful for your revision. We would like to thank all the doctors involved in the production of this guide for their support and for taking time out of the schedules to come back and teach us. We would also like to thank the previous MedED guide editors: • 2016-2017: Daniel Campioni-Norman, Rhys Smith, Helen-Cara Younan and Rebekah Judge • 2017-2018: Charlie Caird, Stephanie EzeKwe, Mohammad Fallaha, Samyukta Sundar • 2018-2019: Sophia von Widekind, Lasith Ranasinghe, Daniel Huddart, Alex Huddart If you have any questions please contact us at [email protected]. Please note: MedED does not represent the ICSM Faculty or Student Union. This guide has been produced by students and the Pathology Course lecturers. We have made every effort to ensure that the following information is accurate and reliable. However, this guide should not be used to replace formal ICSM teaching and education -
Harmon Morse
I\TATIO]{AI, ACADEMI' OI' SCIEI{CES Volurrre >(XI EI,EìZEISTH I\¿[E:I\I[OIR BIOGRAPITICAL MEMOIR ITARMON NORTTTRCP MORSE BY IRA REMSEN Pnpsnurpo ro rEE Ace¡nuy ¡,r rgn -A.xxu¡r, Mnnrrwe, 1923 /¡ar,---*---* Z . &¿uvz-+ HAR,MON NORTHROP MORSE Compiled by fne Rø¡rsnrv Harmon Northrop Morse wa,s born and brought up among the Green Moultains in a most picturesque region of rugged Vermont. The Lamoille River flo:ws about, his father's farm and is full of wild beauty. Ancient forests clothe the mountains, and the clearest of brooks sparkle as they rush down the hillsides. IIis earliest, paternal American ancestor was Jobn Morse, who came from England in 168g and settled at New Haven. His father, Ilarmon Motse, vres a believer in hard work, few hoJidays, and little sc,þseling. T{e looked upon all forms of recreatron as objectionable. The death of the boy's mother when he rras too young to remember her removed a much-needed gracious and loving influence. His brother Anson and his young sister Delia were comrades and comforters in his life, which for ths most part lacked the elements of love and geniality The courage and ambition of the boy oyerc&me all obstacles and rìifi¿¡|61ss. IIis maternal grandfather left a legacy whereby each of the three chiìdren was enabled to prepare for higher education, and thus Harmon was lecl to Amhs¡s¿ College, entering in 186g. His passion for work and his keen and investigating mentai processes dated back to his boyhood days, and were â, heritage from his honored forefathers.