Portrayal of Volcanic Eruption in Iceland in Czech and British Newspaper
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Palackého Portrayal of Volcanic Eruption in Iceland in Czech and British Newspaper (Diplomová práce) 2016 Martina Novotná Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Palackého Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky Portrayal of Volcanic Eruption in Iceland in Czech and British Newspaper (Diplomová práce) Autor: Martina Novotná Studijní obor: Anglická filologie – ruská filologie Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Ondřej Molnár Počet stran: 143 Počet znaků: 220,464 Olomouc 2016 Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně a uvedla úplný seznam citované a použité literatury. V Olomouci dne 1. 5. 2016 Martina Novotná 2 Děkuji vedoucímu mé diplomové práce, Mgr. Ondřeji Molnárovi, za cenné poznámky a připomínky při psaní této práce. V Olomouci dne 1. 5. 2016 Martina Novotná 3 Abstract This diploma thesis focuses on the construal of news values in a specific genre, a hard news report, that reports on the eruption of Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull in 2010. The analysis compares forty articles from two newspapers, the Guardian and Mladá Fronta DNES. Firstly, the theoretical part introduces news discourse, news report and news values. In Methodology, the research framework is presented. The analysis of both text and image of news reports includes tables followed by summaries concerning news values. The final chapter comments on the results of the analysis. Key words Volcano, eruption, Iceland, newspaper, news values. Anotace Tato diplomová práce se zaměřuje na tvorbu tzv. zpravodajských hodnot v určitém žánru – hard news novinové zprávě, která informuje o erupci islandské sopky Eyjafjallajökull v roce 2010. V analýze je porovnáno čtyřicet článků ze dvou novin, Guardian a Mladá Fronta DNES. Teoretická část práce pojednává o novinovém diskurzu, novinové zprávě a zpravodajských hodnotách. V metodologii je představen postup výzkumné analýzy. Analýza textové a vizuální stránky novinové zprávy obsahuje tabulky a komentář týkající se zpravodajských hodnot. Poslední kapitola shrnuje výsledky analýzy. Klíčová slova Sopka, erupce, Island, noviny, zpravodajské hodnoty. 4 Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 7 2 Newspapers ...................................................................................... 10 2.1 News Discourse ..................................................................................... 10 2.2 Production and Structure of News ........................................................ 12 2.3 News Values.......................................................................................... 14 2.4 Image and Text ...................................................................................... 19 2.5 Volcanic Eruption in Iceland ................................................................ 20 2.5.1 Eruption ........................................................................................... 21 2.5.2 Impact .............................................................................................. 21 2.1 The Guardian ......................................................................................... 24 2.2 Mladá Fronta DNES .............................................................................. 24 3 Methodology .................................................................................... 25 3.1 Articles .................................................................................................. 25 3.2 Analysis ................................................................................................. 29 3.2.1 News values in texts ........................................................................ 30 3.2.2 News values in images ..................................................................... 31 4 Data Analysis ................................................................................... 33 4.1 The Guardian ......................................................................................... 33 4.1.1 Airports closed as volcanic ash drifts toward UK ........................... 33 4.1.2 Iceland volcano: Hundreds evacuated after eruption ....................... 36 4.1.3 Volcano chaos as Iceland eruption empties skies in Britain ............ 38 4.1.4 Volcanic ash cloud grounds planes until Saturday .......................... 43 4.1.5 Ash cloud costing airlines £130m a day .......................................... 45 4.1.6 Ash cloud over Europe causes worst travel chaos since 9/11 .......... 49 4.1.7 Are volcanoes bad for your health? ................................................. 52 4.1.8 Ash from volcano in Iceland falls on Britain, prompting health warning ............................................................................................ 54 4.1.9 Iceland volcano: the impact of the ash cloud on Britain .................. 56 4.1.10 Iceland volcano: Tales from travellers stranded around the world .. 59 4.1.11 Iceland volcano: Kenya's farmers losing $1.3m a day in flights chaos 62 4.1.12 Iceland volcano: Naval ships sent to rescue stranded Britons ......... 65 4.1.13 Less ash, more lava: volcano eruption enters calmer phase, say scientists ........................................................................................... 68 4.1.14 Plan for Heathrow night flights to clear Iceland volcano backlog .. 70 4.1.15 New volcanic ash cloud threatens flight hopes ................................ 72 4.1.16 Volcano ash: night-flight ban may be lifted to clear backlog of passengers ........................................................................................ 75 5 4.1.17 Scottish airspace reopens after volcanic ash ban ............................. 78 4.1.18 Iceland volcano: news from the rim ................................................ 81 4.1.19 Airline industry takes $1.7bn hit from volcanic ash disruption ....... 83 4.1.20 UK airports face continued disruption as volcano flight ban ends .. 85 4.2 Mladá Fronta DNES .............................................................................. 88 4.2.1 Volcano has paralysed air traffic ..................................................... 88 4.2.2 Not flying, Icelandic volcano emits ash over Europe ...................... 90 4.2.3 Volcano has paralysed the sky. Flights will be uncertain until summer ............................................................................................. 93 4.2.4 The volcano continues spouting. Are we going to be without summer? ........................................................................................... 96 4.2.5 The cloud keeps kings as well as comedians on ground ................ 101 4.2.6 Volcanic ash is a bit like glass. And it can make you choke ......... 102 4.2.7 The hot cloud from Iceland has frozen the airport in Prague ........ 104 4.2.8 Air traffic troubles bigger than after 9/11 ...................................... 107 4.2.9 Wind blows more dust to us. Volcano has already cost billions ... 109 4.2.10 Doctors afraid that the cloud will descend ..................................... 112 4.2.11 The sky has opened. For now ........................................................ 113 4.2.12 Let’s measure ash clouds differently, experts recommend ............ 116 4.2.13 Ash is less harmful than dust in Ostrava region ............................ 117 4.2.14 New cloud closes airports again .................................................... 120 4.2.15 First joy over return to sky spoiled by second cloud ..................... 121 4.2.16 Is your car covered in dust? The volcanic ash has been raining .... 124 4.2.17 They were returning home for a wedding but volcano held them in Asia. So they got married there ..................................................... 126 4.2.18 Why is the volcano “spouting” lightning flashes apart from lava? 129 4.2.19 Volcano calmed down, fights over spoiled tours have begun ....... 130 4.2.20 There will be flights despite the cloud. Unless “Angry Sister” Katla awakens .......................................................................................... 132 5 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 135 6 Czech Summary ............................................................................. 138 7 Works Cited ................................................................................... 140 6 1 Introduction A volcanic eruption is a natural phenomenon which can cause lots of trouble even in our contemporary world. Together with earthquakes, tsunami, hurricanes and such, it belongs to natural disasters that people can predict to a certain degree but cannot fully avoid. The consequences can be devastating. Mitchell et al. say that “[t]he concept of hazards as external events impinging on unsuspecting people has been shed in favour of the interpretation that they emerge from interactions between people and environments. Natural hazards involve different combinations of physical processes and human activities that create a variety of risks” (1989, 405). A society’s attitudes towards natural disasters are expressed in newspaper and other media.. The aim of this thesis is to analyse news values in newspaper articles that inform about the eruption of an Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull which took place in 2010. In that year, seismic activity started on the Icelandic volcano and the ash from it then caused big disruptions in air traffic in the whole Europe. The eruptions took place from March to June. Nevertheless, the biggest air traffic