Historic Commercial District Design Guidelines & Proposed Historic Residential District Design Guidelines

Prepared for the City of Locust Grove by the Preservation Planning Class Georgia State University Spring 2013 LOCUST GROVE LOCUST 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

These design guidelines were prepared in 2013 by graduate students in the Preservation Planning Class of Georgia State University’s Heritage Preservation Program under the direction of Richard Laub and Mary Ann Eaddy. The students worked with the City Planner of Locust Grove as well as with the Historic Preservation Commission to ensure that the guidelines portrayed the intent of the local historic district and its design review process.

The Historic Preservation Planning Class would like to thank Jeff Mills, Chairman, Locust Grove Historic Preservation Commission, and the entire Locust Grove Historic Preservation Commission for their support. We would also like to thank Tim Young, City Manager, Michael Price, Pastor at Shoal Creek Baptist Church, and Barbara Price and Betty Shearouse of the Locust Grove Heritage Society.

Preservation Planning Class Georgia State University Spring 2013

Jeff Auerbach Jessica McCarron Marcy Breffle Carla Penque Meredith Britt Mallory Rich Susan Coleman Julianne Steger Adam Davis Clint Tankersley Nicole Gilbert Christie Thiem John-Joseph Jackson Megan Wiginton

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 -INTRODUCTION...... 9 Section 5 - ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW...... 41 5-1 Architectural Styles...... 42 1-1 Introduction...... 10 5-2 Queen Anne Styles...... 43 1-2 Goals and How to Use these Guidelines...... 11 5-3 Folk Victorian Style...... 44 SECTION 2- OVERVIEW OF PRESERVATION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES IN LOCUST GROVE...... 13 5-4 Craftsman Style...... 45 2-1 Legal Basis for Historic Preservation ...... 14 5-5 International Style...... 46 2-2 The Historic Preservation Commission and the COA Process....16 5-5 Architectural Types...... 47 2-3 Certificate of Appropriateness Process Flowchart...... 18 5-7 Single Story Commercial...... 48 2-4 District Maps...... 19 5-8 Multistory Commercial...... 49 2-5 Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation...... 24 5-9 Wood-Frame Gable Commercial...... 50 SECTION 3- DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY OF LOCUST GROVE...... 27 5-10 Single Pen...... 51

SECTION 4 - CHARACTER DEFINING AREAS IN LOCUST 5-11 Gabled Wing Cottage...... 52 GROVE...... 33 5-12 Gabled Wing House...... 53

4-1 Character Defining Areas in Locust Grove...... 34 5-13 Queen Anne Cottage ...... 54

4-2 Commercial District...... 35 5-14 Queen Anne House...... 55

4-3 Residential District...... 38 5-15 New South Cottage...... 56

5-16 Pyramid Cottage...... 57

5-17 Bungalow...... 58

5-18 Ranch...... 59 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 6 - COMMERCIAL GUIDELINES...... 61 6-17 Entrances and Doors...... 86

6-1 Commercial District Overview...... 63 6-18 Facade and Window Details...... 87

Commercial Rehabilitation ...... 65 6-19 Roofs...... 88

6-2 Commercial Rehabilitation Overview...... 66 6-20 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility...... 89

6-3 Historic Building Materials...... 67 6-21 Awnings...... 90

6-4 Storefronts...... 68 6-22 Signage...... 92

6-5 Entrances and Doors...... 69 6-23 Additions...... 94

6-6 Upper Facade Details and Windows...... 70 Large Scale, Mixed-Use Developments...... 97

6-7 Awnings...... 72 6-24 Large Scale, Mixed-Use Developments...... 98

6-8 Roof...... 74 Commercial Site and Setting...... 101

6-9 Roof Cornice...... 75 6-25 Commercial Site and Setting Overview...... 102

6-10 Signage...... 76 6-26 Street and Site Furniture...... 103

New Commercial Construction ...... 79 6-27 Street Lights...... 104

6-11 New Commercial Construction Overview...... 80 6-28 Sidewalks...... 105

6-12 Mass and Scale...... 81 6-29 Parking Facilities and Parking Decks...... 106

6-13 Orientation, Setback and Spacing...... 82 6-30 Fences...... 107

6-14 Directional Emphasis...... 83 6-31 Retaining Walls...... 108

6-15 Building Materials...... 84 6-32 Parks...... 109

6-16 New Storefront Design...... 85 6-33 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility...... 110 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 7 - RESIDENTIAL GUIDELINES...... 113 Residential New Construction...... 137

7-1 Residential District Overview...... 115 7-17 Residential New Construction Overview...... 138

Residential Rehabilitation ...... 117 7-18 Setbacks...... 139

7-2 Residential Rehabilitation Overview...... 118 7-19 Spacing...... 140

7-3 Historic Building Materials...... 119 7-20 Orientation...... 141

7-4 Foundations...... 120 7-21 Scale...... 142

7-5 Windows, Storm Windows and Shutters...... 121 Residential Additions...... 145

7-6 Doors, Storm Doors and Screen Doors...... 122 7-22 Overview...... 146

7-7 Chimneys...... 123 7-23 Orientation and Location...... 147

7-8 Roof Material and Pitch...... 124 7-24 Scale...... 148

7-9 Siding and Masonry...... 125 7-25 Design...... 149

7-10 Architectural Details...... 126 Residential Site and Setting...... 151

7-11 Porches...... 127 7-26 Site and Setting Overview...... 152

Residential Rehabilitation for Structures Used for 7-27 Landscaping...... 153 Commercial Purposes...... 129 7-28 Retaining Walls...... 154 7-12 Overview...... 130 7-29 Fences...... 155 7-13 Parking and Driveways...... 131 7-30 Paving Material...... 156 7-14 Fire Escapes...... 132 7-31 Driveway Configuration...... 157 7-15 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility...... 133 7-32 Parking...... 158 6 7-16 Signage...... 134 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7-33 Walkway Configuration and Materials...... 159 9-7 Landscaping with Native Plants in the Georgia Piedmont...... 191

7-34 Street Curbing...... 160 9-8 Bibliography...... 195

7-35 Garages and Outbuildings...... 161

7-36 Exterior Lighting...... 162

7-37 Mechanical Systems...... 163

SECTION 8 - OTHER CONSIDERATIONS...... 165

8-1 Demolition...... 166

8-2 Relocation of Buildings...... 167

8-3 Maintenance of Existing Commercial Buildings...... 168

8-4 Paint Colors and Designs...... 169

8-5 Archaeology...... 170

SECTION 9 - APPENDICES...... 173

9-1 Locust Grove General Contact Information...... 174

9-2 City of Locust Grove COA Application...... 175

9-3 Preservation Briefs...... 176

9-4 Glossary...... 179

9-5 What’s the Difference Between A National Register Historic . District and A Local Historic District?...... 186

9-6 The National Register of Historic Places: Listing Process and Benefits...... 190 7 8 INTRODUCTION SECTION 1 SECTION

9 10

INTRODUCTION compatibility use how resources These districts retaining Design properties. help help Students compatible Commission structures, alocalHistoricPreservationCommissionwascreated.TheLocustGrove Preservation tourists, visitors I-75 corridor.Asthecity’shistoricenvironmentaswellretailoutletcenterattractsnew residentsand The historic architecture. town Institute Welcome tothehistoriccityofLocustGrove.Alongwithtown’slandmarkbuildingGrove

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11

INTRODUCTION

in

not the

in are

of the

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Grove’s

used

of

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character

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currently residential

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that. that the areas

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entity is

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the ordinance of Locust Grove. the suggestions it is best to err on In cases where the strength of the language is unclear, Historic Preservation Ordinance. preserving is for These plan Interior’s structures, historic city. These guidelines are to be used not just for the information regarding historic structures and setting, but structures and setting, but information regarding historic are to be used not just for the These guidelines also only a Grove. nature of Locust the historic The residents Goals and How to Use These Guidelines 1-2 Guidelines These Use to How and Goals

OVERVIEW OF PRESERVATION POLICIES & PROCEDURES IN LOCUST GROVE SECTION 2 SECTION 14

POLICIES & PROCEDURES assessment fair producing rehabilitation income be To Preservation TaxIncentives also governments, Georgia A STATE OFGEORGIA information to other must To Preservation TaxIncentives that islistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces. funding impact various federalgrants,loans,andtaxincentives.Inmostinstances,NationalRegisterdesignation willnot National Registerisonlyanhonorarydesignation,butitenablesownersofhistoricbuildings toqualifyfor preservation The FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Legal BasisforHistoricPreservation2-1

local

20%

listed qualify qualify

market National creates

be income

of

the government’s producing

listed Historic are on

the

for for properties.

right

value

for

provisions the attached can

program

qualifying Historic producing

expenses. Preservation such Preservation on

over Georgia

be

to

Preservation

the of

purpose,

use found as

8 their

to

National

authority years.

the Preservation The and

and that

the

This Register rehabilitation purposes,

building City in

owners established,

Tax Tax control allow property.

Georgia More

the credit

Act of Register

Incentives Incentives to Appendices

of

Locust for

information designate of

by of

the the is Act Historic

offers 1980.

an private capped The 50

expenses

Federal appearance

among of of

approval Grove, –

Locust

Historic

1966 100% offered offered

This a

Places.

a historic of

residences at

property

other

can Government

set

this

Act

have $100,000 for may

Grove

process

by by

in Places. be of

those For provides document.

programs,

rehabilitation

place qualify

enacted the the private found

properties or Institute or

for State Federal

properties

known For

district income the

offers

in private

to

the property,

their properties

of framework

the

have the

framework building

Georgia, Government,

as

as

a that producing Appendices

own tax National

historic

residences a listed historic the

Certificate

credit

will except

preservation

county that

is the on for

be

rehabilitation the

under Register has

equal

will

the

properties

a property when used

the and of

federally freeze only

been of National

be this

property

to

which Appropriateness $300,000 for

federal

used

structure ordinances. of

25%

established document.

their

a

in Historic

that business administered

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for tax of Register.

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for the

increase

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in question business

income qualifying Places.

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by or

must

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equal

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(COA). the city

tax Act their

or

The

or

15

POLICIES & PROCEDURES

or

the

allows

the

all

voting of those

of districts history,

to

corporate

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and kept appointed

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is architecture

regular

duties resources

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historic subject State

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architectural

members

history,

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in Georgia sites

for three reside

powers Historical

historic public

preservation the

three-year history, Historic

A

the commission of

least

must

on Grove at 88

(non-voting) The serve education

individual Grove Grove’s

protection

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page

Locust both

to

members the

architecture,

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city

Locust LGHPC Locust

ex-officio in

of expenses.

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information

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for two protect experience voting

in

of within

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more

projects. comprehensive can and

please and available

For Appendix. disciplines

properties.

regular

interest, review laws

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the Members the mortar

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Grove,

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members

prior

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these actions.

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may historic

council.

voting brick

Georgia of Grove,

included

requires

professions. but

city in

professionals that

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regular Locust

resources. ordinances forth

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salary, related by

proposed

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from

five

set or

of

Legislation

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have

law.

historic

laws ratified projects

impact receive of

and

the

all

preservation and appointed

Enabling (LGHPC) not

consists will

of

resolutions, city

interest regulatory archaeology, do

under are

the a Preservation that

of

mayor of

historic

review

LGHPC

preservation a

the

commission Historic Preservation planning, Members conflict the members The by limits HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION FOR THE CITY OF LOCUST GROVE FOR THE CITY OF LOCUST COMMISSION HISTORIC PRESERVATION Ordinance is the law under which the LGHPC is formed and in which it carries out its duties discussed in out its duties discussed is formed and in which it carries law under which the LGHPC Ordinance is the these guidelines. Commission for projects Local provided through THE CITY OF LOCUST GROVE OF LOCUST THE CITY 16

POLICIES & PROCEDURES Department that some to may application application. may doing granted bytheLGHPC.IncasethatLGPHCdeniesCOArequest,itshallthen stateitsreasonsfor approval applicant application. for ordinance andLocustGroveDesignGuidelineswhicharebasedontheSecretaryof Interior’s Standards The have applicant. provides and additionsthroughdesignreview.TheLocustGroveHistoricPreservationCommission (LGHPC) aims established property Appropriateness Before Certificate The HistoricPreservationCommission&COAProcess2-2

the

Rehabilitation.

LGHPC

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move suggest

to the

instances,

City so

undertaking

preserve proposed

opportunity and

through a by and/or

The

of Council forward COA,

by at

The Within

at the

evaluates

other Appropriateness shall

any

COA Chapter (770)

there

LGHPC.

applicant

and

(COA) which

property

means

action

time The communicate

courses

or in forty-five a

is 957-5043.

protect

project to can

the

their

issued all

Commission 14.03 after

is speak

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such

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be applicant COA’s

a

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proposed time document

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action after

days

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make

city’s limit a construction,

to favor

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that

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designated that

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any

modify

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six it

such

approve,

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verifies

hearing

of

hearing months However,

LGHPC not against by

actions

Locust alteration, that

the mail require

if the

historic

approve

the

they the to application

where the Commission” is or

approves of

City

Grove’s and

be

therefore

if approval

receipt work

the

proposed

a

are

modifications it

appropriate

relocation,

building of

reasons, resources the

is

hearing

with in

Locust denied, will

historic

applicant(s) agreement of

the and

given

of

conditions, a potentially

project.

modified

of complete in

permit the

result resubmit

Grove

and or

the the if writing,

districts,

for

to proposed removal. it

applicant

insure Locust

disapproves the

with

and the

but Community and

COA

and

or

affect

plans to

implementation

to a may

the

affected a deny

compatible the COA

Grove

the The conforming Certificate work

request,

historic

may the

and require LGHPC

applicant.

with

COA is

of

exterior made

Code

Development resubmit request property then

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reason,

then preservation process,

a

new

of

for

submitted

COA. issued of by application,

of

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of

Ordinances,

the an approval.

an

construction

any

the owner(s)

a a

appeal

To LGHPC historic

applicant COA upon

COA

verify

the In

17

POLICIES & PROCEDURES

- of

fol

before and

or

the an

the

its

zoning copies Grove

renderings

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or deemed approval

or

interior

is acquired

following or eight the

correct

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maintenance

the models,

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color or building at

required

must appearance a filed

in

can consider Commission rehabilitation

plans, application be

it for

paint

or repair property found

the COA

above can no

or “ordinary

setting be exterior

must need

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the

that a with its

Hall

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drawings,

or

ordinary buildings. LGHPC a

not note City

restoration

of

on

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affects

Therefore, documents or does

it

before adequate)

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in includes

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application required):

a

district accompanied

to

COA. structures,

whether

the one

not This unless

a signed,

Locust is of maintenance district.

feature

of samples, Ordinance

unless and work

COA. historic

where

from permit, existing accompanying

a

routine to historic

and material

or approval regardless

modifications

photos interior the

Grove’s

person complete

by

require or processed

building the Preservation

in for form

environmental

and

be

Appropriateness not repair,

additions

fully

or

within after

of Locust

not

of changes does

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minor required acquired implemented samples will

residential made

accompanied application be be

returned,

not or building be

a be Grove is

external

be (Certificate can The

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to

material only

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http://www.locustgrove-ga.gov/docs/HPCCOAapplicationFinal.pdf

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website: documentation. To (excluding designee. Applications existing and/or any necessary This The permit. Applications: As historic any building. material repainting. alterations According repair in design, change not involve a material and that does existing form, to sustain the decay, or deterioration, Routine lowing website: 18

POLICIES & PROCEDURES Certificate

of

Appropriateness

Process

Flowchart

2-3 19

POLICIES & PROCEDURES 4 2-

Maps

District 20

POLICIES & PROCEDURES 21

POLICIES & PROCEDURES 22

POLICIES & PROCEDURES 23

POLICIES & PROCEDURES 24

POLICIES & PROCEDURES are the aesthetic heritageofthecity.Toensureitssuccess,Commissionwillfollowguidelines setforthby The and The features andthebuilding’ssiteenvironment,aswellattached,adjacent,orrelated newconstruction. buildings the (NPS). The SecretaryoftheInterior’sStandardsforRehabilitationwereestablishedbyNationalParkService The SecretaryoftheInterior’sStandardsforRehabilitation2-5

proposed. Secretary preservation

Historic standards federal

The

of

intent preservation

all Preservation

of

The are

materials, the

of

of

also Standards

historic Interior’s

the

used

Standards

tax

construction Commission

materials

to credits.

will Standards

determine

also

is

to and

be

types, of assist

for

referenced

features. if Locust

Rehabilitation a

property the sizes,

Grove long-term

The

and

in

qualifies order Standards

occupancy. was

regarding

preservation

created to

determine for

are

the They

to any

applicable

protect National

of changes also

proper

a

property's

pertain

the

Register to

to rehabilitation historic,

historic

a

to historic

significance related

of

cultural

Historic

property

landscape methods.

and

Places through

that

25

POLICIES & PROCEDURES

to

be

or a

not

its with

would resources own

from change

texture, create shall and

be

characterize materials

means such

their

that deterioration

If

color, in

shall that of

minimal

elements compatible

property materials

be historic environment

gentlest

of the Changes design,

its

the features severity

of shall

requires in

preserved.

historic use. significance and

the

old and to that

and architectural

using

craftsmanship

removal and

or missing the of

old

use

integrity

of historic Where The

property the avoided.

place, damage new

match be protected a

features

historic undertaken from in

be

examples

time,

cause acquired

shall historic replaced. be shall

or

the

its preserved.

environment. shall

the that

Replacement of

placed have than

shall

and of

and feature

be conjectural

protect evidence.

that property

or project to

record site

a

differentiated

rather

techniques

a new

its materials. be

retained

by integrity adding

the

pictorial sandblasting, be

as

changes

and appropriate,

purpose features and

shall physical or

as

if

repaired

a

shall such possible,

be affected

characterize

those feature, as

construction form such work

historic building

that

shall physical, and

time;

its

where new

the structures,

property architectural

for of resources of a

preserved.

essential

over

The

distinctive and,

spaces

recognized

of a and treatments,

features development,

the

finishes,

and be

used

of

and

preserved. be change

scale, cleaning

documentary, shall qualities

be property.

future, historic

physical

character

by shall historical features, retained archeological

size,

features characteristics the

or

the

of shall be

surface visual

of

in

replacement

properties property

historic

The shall

sense

property

other

massing, defining

unimpaired.

Significant Chemical Deteriorated Distinctive Most Each The A

property

be 10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if 10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction removed characterize the environment. 9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that or related new construction shall not destroy historic 9. New additions, exterior alterations, 8. measures shall be undertaken. must be disturbed, mitigation 7. used. possible. and substantiated 6. requires 5. a 4. right other buildings, shall not be undertaken. other buildings, 3. false 2. alteration 1. the

DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY OF LOCUST GROVE SECTION 3 SECTION 28

HISTORY Developmental Creek Road. Cleveland African Americancore fordecades,looselyboundedbySmithStreet, the churchandcemetery, thesurroundingcommunityhasactedas an a numberofitsmembers werelikelybornintoslavery.Anchored by and sustainablelineage withseveralgravemarkersthatindicate the King, has hold congregation of time,thechurchconsistedonlytenladies andchildren,butthe with Shoal CreekareabecameahuboftheAfrican Americancommunity Americans The presently downtown districtwasestablishedonthewesternside.Theresidentialandcommercial districtsarestill developments twentieth influx Jackson. Amixtureofresidential,commercial,andindustrialbuildingswereconstructed toaccommodatethe Locust cotton, was Atlanta, andresultedintheestablishmentofnumerousrailroadtowns,includingLocust Grove.LocustGrove of The Unfortunately, noneoftheseantebellumstructuresarestillinexistence. expanded of frontier villagerevolvingaroundagriculture.LegendhasitthatLocustGrovewasnamedforabeautifulgrove in Officially

North-Central growth flowering

1930s.

since

expansion completion officially

service the

Sr. of

Grove and

founding

railroad pastored

replaced

incorporated

divided centuries.

The to to Street,

in other

for locust the include

flourished chartered Locust train

adjacent as of

worshippers. of city.

Georgia. most workers L.G. agricultural city

by Shoal of the the

stop trees

The

a Grove, the

the Completed

coincides

Griffin original East tavern,

residential

in

Shoal

History on

was

and Creek that railroad Shoal railroad.

1893,

and The

December Tennessee,

specifically

between an

could

Creek Road,

products.

general A

new structure. unincorporated

Creek Baptist

the with official

brick in not

structures

City

be

industry. October Shoal of Cemetery

the

only

Baptist

the 20,

seen store, building Virginia, Church

wooden

Locust The of

in

first

1893. Henry The

served Creek

Locust

the from

1882, blacksmith commercial

were

Church. settlement Existing

Reverend

is Shoal for The

Locust

on

and structure

County reflective Road, anywhere

as

Grove the

located two

L.G. Grove town

a Georgia Creek

rail

For physical structures

Grove

years

and

Griffin

shop,

Martin of

seat center is served

line was a

on

of

African

located

area. in period Indian

during Railroad a of the community

town. filled shoe

built proud barrier, Road

emerged Luther McDonough

as

The date eastern

in a

store,

to a

By

major

the gap

from

line

but

the

Old JukeJoint

side

as southernmost

school, began between

ushered

also

rail the mid-nineteenth a

and secondary of

late distribution dictated

the in

and the

the

Macon nineteenth

in railroad

Butts

several

a early

unprecedented part the trade

and

County

century,

center

location 1820s and of

churches.

area,

and Rome, Henry

the

as

for

early

seat as

the of commercial a

via peaches,

County the

rural

period

of

village

29

HISTORY

the

the Mall.

2011

on the

second tracks

in to

As result,

Florida

which until the selection a

region

to Outlet towns African

Interstate-75, As

the

began American

1990s. railroad

distribution of

in Joint”, development.

most

became

city. that the expansion the 2011. Tanger growing

rail

Georgia historic

in Juke in

its agricultural

Like African

the

first

the

and

counties for A across by

north area

the of

activity

“Old complex 5,500

completion

suburban of

sits

the Atlanta. 1994. other

the from

suburban-scale

is

in Atlanta nearly city.

some

near reminder commercial

with

to

shopping

destination expansion many

predominantly travel

the a for

represented

or

structure

expanding of

as the

in

for

2000

and was standing

an

experience place recent

in

physical to

completion popular highway

to

vacant

still

route a metropolitan

Grove,

its is

century

with

2,322 County working

The

prominently the

travel meeting began

that another

Commerce with and

in development a

only Locust

become primary

as

most as Henry

community a of

major state twentieth

Grove has space residents

as

from

1970s.

as

further growth

the the area its from the rest of the commercial district. Although it is located the commercial district. Although from the rest of at Unity Grove Grove, the Rosenwald School outside of Locust serves was founded for The Rosenwald School American community. early twentieth in the late nineteenth and African Americans of African today as a monument centuries and remains in Locust Grove. American education One other African American center, known as Flatbush, sits as Flatbush, known center, American other African One the commercial tracks near behind the railroad directly commercial American African The only historically downtown. structure acted population.

42 in failure,

late in

of retail

Grove Locust

bedroom

served

rapid

the role

doubled crop

of historic most

in

opportunities,

area, city, rural

Locust vital Highway

a the

throughout

company

a

with the

peach additional

of

of

of

from Atlanta

play explosion business

population

growth, major Tanger

to

feet bisects

develop

an

bypass

a Interstate-75

and

to the

to city’s of

boundary

the

with

by community,” which

square the

due

and continue transitioned

expansive

42,

Church metropolitan

lodging,

to

its western

has continued

48,000 negated opened the partly

to

completion

the Baptist of

century

“bedroom

dining, was poised

a as the

Highway Grove Grove

Accordingly, center added when,

to to

Creek

risk

addition

retail,

In outlet appears Serving outlet of The town boundaries grew more than 500% between 2000 and 2011: from 2.2 square miles to nearly 11 square than 500% between 2000 and 2011: from 2.2 square miles The town boundaries grew more miles. Locust town periphery The from a small rural Atlanta area and into Locust Grove, the city transitioned commuters migrated out of the began to shift to a timber-based economy. With the deterioration of the timber industry in the second half of the economy. With the deterioration of the timber industry began to shift to a timber-based twentieth was made vulnerable to decline. the historic core of Locust Grove prior 1960s Locust center. Shoal 30

HISTORY member of the U.S.Housefrom1945 untilhisdeathin 1954. democrat training was constructed stressed Georgia tobeaccreditedbytheAssociation of SchoolsandCollegestheSouthernStates.Thecurriculum LGI Locust GroveInstituteasitstandstoday.Itnowserves asCityHall. white students. population. and and 1, Creek The Locust GroveInstitute

1892,

city’s several two served James

Baptist

the

program learning instructors.

who most

W.

first an

houses In in

Church

Golucke.

important 1904 accordance served

important building

in for

in for all

By

its

the (also in

facets

a

The the students.

the total

of purpose

community

landmark with

known end

the

original Florida

of

cost

Institute the life, of

One

by

the of

as Southern

but House building building

$14,000. providing

Locust

were

school prominent

its was

primary of used

Grove erected

tradition

year,

was is Representatives The

college the

as

individual

destroyed architect/engineer eighty-five

boarding Locust First goal

and

of

preparatory

was

Baptist racial the

Grove

by who school building houses

students from

segregation,

fire Church)

Institute attended

in 1930-1938 opened classes

to

who

character. 1906.

help had

and

(LGI),

oversaw

and

LGI

been

classes its In accommodate Hall. Institute buildingthatnowservesasCity 1927

Mercer

and

1918, doors

was was

The photograph enrolled. founded

represented at

construction one Dwight LGI

academic

with University. LGI

of began

were

by thirteen LGI

the the of

Laing

the Providence

growing

first grew

building

Florida a only

Locust

of On military

students Rogers,

schools the

rapidly November offered

Grove

as

building student

was

Indian

a in

to

31

HISTORY LGI Boy’s Home LGI Girl’s Home

building.

Institute

Grove

Locust

a

of

photograph

Historic The LGI building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 1986. Serving educational, religious, religious, 4, 1986. on PlacesServing September Historic educational, of Register National in the listed was building LGI The Substantial building. theof local the clear made significance existence its of civil service the breadth now and over functions serve to the structure allowing a vital character, their historic of much retain the auditorium, as such the institute, parts of past. Locust of Grove’s in the interpretation role In 1983, the City of Locust Grove purchased the building. Numerous renovations were made and the structure was was the structure and made were renovations Numerous the building. purchased Locust of Grove 1983, the City In Grove asthe known Locust presently offices, government city various house to modifying the interior rehabilitated, Complex. Municipal Both the Great Depression and the introduction of public schools in Henry County led to the demise of LGI in May of 1930. 1930. of in May LGI theled demise to of Henry in schools County public of the introduction and Depression Both the Great While city. the for building elementary1936 served academicwhen the until school public as a empty remained The school who students former 400 over of a turnout 1961 had in reunion a endeavors, higher education ended its LGI of the closure the school. their time at by greatly impacted clearly were

CHARACTER DEFINING AREAS IN LOCUST GROVE SECTION 4 SECTION 34

CHARCTER AREAS Character created are Throughout characteristics. residential For Grove. boisterous mall The architecture. neighborhoods, nineteenth centuryrailroadtown.Withitsintactcommercialdistrictsurroundedbyenduringresidential Located

two

the City

development.

purpose a

different in

of formula

to the and

Locust

this

historic

Piedmont

Defining commercial

the

of

section, approaches

to

Grove these However

city

help

and

is

design there region

differentiate is

intimate. a

node a historic

upon to Areas popular

will

describe guidelines, of

is

Georgia,

traveling be Visitors distinctive

treasure

references

destination house in

historic

Locust

Locust are Locust

to that type

and

the transported

to architecture. features

for from

Grove city helps Grove both

visitors Grove

core, house

architectural to

has is several

give

to

an the

as

been

The style. a

almost

time it scenery Locust

types

boasts Georgia

divided

when

styles

pristine

and Grove

changes a

prominent

Historic the

into

and styles

its example railroad

separate types.

from defining

of

Preservation

distinctive

and

modern Type

ruled of

districts.

modern a and

late and

Locust

unique and

Division style

Each

outlet

4-1

35

CHARACTER AREAS

fifty

are

the

historic

example,

the with

For

to

buildings

style.

account

its Some

into

style.

taken integrity.

determine

is

“non-contributing”

different

a

historic

layout

Type

but residence

=

a

their

considered: of type

interior

are

or

+Height TYPE

STYLE same

maintain

elements the

and be

structures floorplan

Floorplan old

can

the

more stories is considered a house. is considered more stories These decorative

years

or type,

houses

fifty

Two enough.

house’s least

a old

at

be yet

ornamentation

to

not

determine

are need

exterior To

a two-story residence with gingerbread ornamentation will often fall into the Victorian style. will often fall into with gingerbread ornamentation a two-story residence number of stories. A single story residence is considered a cottage, while a residence with two or with two or while a residence a cottage, is considered story residence of stories. A single number The character of an area. generally while other to such an extent that they have lost their historic value, years old but have been altered buildings Not all houses and structures are considered historic. In order to be considered historic, buildings historic. In order to be considered and structures are considered Not all houses 36

CHARCTER AREAS The LocustGrove historiccommercialdistrict. available Walk including through Although features storefront simple between stories, themajorityofcommercialstructuresareconstructedinrowfashionwith commonwalls masonry lands early The designated historicdistrictinthecommunity. the westandanactiverailroadlinetoeast,thisnarrowcommercialcorridorcontainsonlylocally Highway Encompassing Commercial District 4-2

commercial

twentieth Park nearby,

detailing

include sidewalks

each that

through

42 street a with

provides

busy

from

occupy the property.

an

a

centuries.

lamps, district recessed

and

single roadway

historic area Claude street-side

and

a

corbeled the green

of

benches,

raised entrance is

Brick

west

nearly entrances,

commercial Developed Gray

typical inhibits

space

parking

brickwork. walkways.

side is

Drive

39

and and the

of

for

pedestrian of acres,

flat small

most

trash

display

in

and Highway to rest district

tandem arches, LG

the The

Facades

rear

and railroad common receptacles.

Griffin

Locust windows,

consists setting

traffic, parking recreation.

and

42 with

are opposite

towns

Road.

building

cast Grove

visitors is the

commonly of

Located

lots.

dotted and

iron

approximately

early

in Bordered Vehicular

historic

the Mayor’s Walk Park Georgia the

material have columns.

with railroad

within railroad upper

divided

access

commercial

by brick

access founded

and

a facade.

a lines

twenty line. former large

to pavers

into ornamentation

to

the

that

Typically

the

in outlet Prevailing two

main buildings district vacant

the

and served commercial

parts:

late mall

street commercial

lot, one extends

nineteenth

the

the

architectural development is of

the

or

furniture,

limited

agricultural brick ground

district

two Mayors’

along

district

and

and to

level

is

to

37

CHARACTER AREAS

end

and

the Locust

retailers

added more streetscape

the

offices,

a from

southern corporate

and

as

1894, the

potential Recent

in at

district

used

and separated

be government Built

are to

renovations

Located

city landscape.

commercial

pedestrians

the

modified sidewalk various to structures

commercial.

pleasing

as

be the constructed.

been made

and

to

These

such

has

house have

recently to

that environment

cohesive

Church).

space,

repurposed more

Baptist commercial commercial district by various main downtown infill cottage Pitts House is a new south of the district, the residence offices. corridor form a Overall, the buildings of the downtown visually improvements, green attractive alike. The commercial district contains several structures that have that structures several contains district commercial The been a school, constructed as originally (LGI) was Grove Institute renovated Places. of Historic National Register listed in the is currently district of the historic section in the northern LGI is located Grove Grove Cemetery and Locust near the Locust First (formerly the Locust Grove Recreation Center Downtown historic commercial district This is a view of the recently renovated This is a view of the recently renovated streetscape 38

CHARCTER AREAS becomes suburban features natural curbs existing mainly porating The EastsideResidentialDistrictfeaturesanaveragesetbackofthirtyfeetwithmostresidences incor Numerous houses. Residences tendtobeonestoryinheight,althoughthecorridordoesincludeseveraltwo andthreestory Gabled WingHouse,Cottage,Mid-TwentiethCenturyRanch,andNewSouth Cottage. The Residential DistrictiscontainedwithintheboundariesofArnoldStreet,Highway42,and BowdenStreet. Located acrossfromthehistoriccommercialdistrictbeyonddividingrailroadline,Eastside Eastside ResidentialDistrict Residential District 4-3 A two-storyhouseintheEastside residentialdistrict.

Eastside

and

of topography

fence a

Architectural gravel more

to mature drainage sidewalks

vacant

slightly

Residential

material

significant.

driveways

pecan

lots

gully

and

rural for

styles

are ranges

trees

pedestrians the

District that

as interspersed

and

landscape

range the

and

traverses from

outbuildings,

residential features

hedgerows.

in

wooden

are

the

and

between through

relatively

corridor, an

dead district

plank eclectic

such

Although

the

the ends

non-existent. but as to

progresses

majority houses. combination

barbed detached

into the

there

Queen green Landscaping

wire. of

and are

garages

the

Arnold

fields.

Ann of

a

the With road.

residential few

is

style distance

and

The

not

Street

examples the The

deliberate

is

sheds. east exception

landscape visibly

meanders

types between

side

in Vegetation

in

of prominent. the including

nature.

of

Arnold changes

houses corridor, along Bowden

consists

the Street the

from

Street, the

-

39

CHARACTER AREAS

a

type,

in small

common

corridor.

residential are

the and brick,

are

lawns

and purposes.

architectural

southwest

foundations,

common

the

windows

spacious

throughout in

are

and clapboard

mixed-use

dominant hung

siding.

roofs

cinderblock and the

landscapes

mostly

vinyl are in

shrubbery and

Double consistently is

in

pier

features corridor. Limited found residential

Siding Houses Low-pitched

covered Brick

are windows.

both

of

Wing

been for

give

and are

mostly

There materials.

has flanking been pedestrian

Several

are lots

Gabled lawns, and

arrangement.

Disabilities

spacing

walls. have

and ornamentation level roofing

and ornamentation.

structures

constructed shutters

with

separate

that wide clapboard

structure.

spacious

carports,

so

Driveways rural,

these simple

have

the

and Houses,

retaining

by number

popular of

wood have ramps of trees,

a

composite of

and

lots structures,

is style,

the Americans curbing,

pane

side Ranch and

of

openness.

of

in Several

the

mature style

story of the

street of

examples lots. residences to

chimneys metal

generous

vary Some

with two accessibility or distinguished Ann

Houses,

of

few is

by but feeling The

regardless

a and

brick

a out purposes.

located consists parking

Small

colors. Queen

are

comply

one

back. of the

to and sidewalks constructed

the houses,

stoops,

in landscape

there

corridor no

but are routes are non-existent. newly no fences dividing the lots, enclosed garages. There are vegetation houses have detached and limited shrubbery. Older and gazebos, while outbuildings, such as sheds, barns, rear The distinguished added on the front, side, and Act standards. Parking is available the residential structures have been renovated for the residential structures have commercial further the paved Setbacks are relatively shallow, with older structures Setbacks are relatively shallow, structures are set located closer to the street. Ranch predominant, constructed variety Most American while front The Southwest Residential Corridor is located to the west of the main downtown commercial district. commercial district. downtown west of the main is located to the Corridor Residential The Southwest Road. The corridor Indian Creek Street, Ridge and Drive, Smith Frances Ward streets include Primary contains Southwest Residential Corridor Residential Southwest

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW SECTION 5 SECTION 42

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW Architectural Styles 5-1 due the majority house, Georgia ornamentation andoverallformofthehouse.ManystylesseeninUnitedtStates construction, Houses

stylistic

The to

a two-storyresidencewithgingerbreadornamentationwilloftenfallintotheVictorianstyle. lack the

can exterior

were of

structure

Two

of houses characteristics be

type, adapted particular

identified

houses ornamentation

in and/or

is

Locust

indicative from

can identifying

in

are style.

many be

European Grove

present.

of

or

of

Style the different

decorative

being fall characteristics.

same

traditions.

Many is into

perhaps

“high

architectural ways

the

houses elements

“vernacular style”

through

STYLE the When

may

most

and

of

type all

a also their

typically

obvious

residence

characteristics interpretation”

but

be

building

a classified

different

identifying built

determine

materials,

from

of

as

of architectural

a

having

a

style

an factor

style, its

architect’s

method

style.

are

no since in

present

which academic

For style.

of it

design.

example, includes

some on

style a

of The

the

43

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

2

5- across

common

more smooth-

walls.

on

variations

was

two in

avoid

gable. or

to window

used which

one bay

and style,

style,

shingles

dominant

covering

with

shingles,

English

the

architectural porches

front-facing

a

decorative

patterning

partial adapted with with

or

and/or

gable

full States

usually

nineteenth-century

either

United

windows, front-facing

shapes,

with The

the

bay

popular 880-1910) roof

(1 porch,

1910s.

facades most

to

yle large detailing,

irregular

St the

1880s

and

appearance.

Georgia’s

the

Notice Street. this Queen Anne style house on Jackson is

Decorative Asymmetrical Steep Anne

from Characteristics: 2. walled 3. 1.

Anne

state

on masonry buildings, to wood-framed houses that became the American tradition. Locust Grove’s most Locust Grove’s tradition. became the American houses that to wood-framed buildings, on masonry is Queen Anne. residential style common Queen the Queen 44

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW Locust availability pediments. roof A Folk

simple,

gables,

front-facing Some

Grove Victorian

often

Folk The of porches,

that mass-produced,

Victorian symmetrical, spread

gables

display

or

St

and

of

cornice details 3. Decoratedeavebrackets 2. Porchescoveringstreet-viewfacades porch 1. Characteristics: yle

the spindle Decorative these

house

Folk

on

(1 supports pre-cut

lines.

traits.

this work 870-1910)

Victorian

style simple

Window

spindle at

details.

the and

built

house

top

cornice style

and

of in and While

form

the the

was jigsaw

doors porch

line include 1870s

a

due

popular

supports.

cut were

to to the

trim 1910s the

decorative

simple

style,

growth

around

with

there in

eave

Victorian-era design of

are the trim

only

railroad

in with

the

a

occasional

few detailing

system

houses

and

added

in

the 5-

to

3

45

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

design

horizontally original

by

American

Craftsman

an front-facing

the is

characterized the of

in

are style

typical overhangs with

eaves

style.

houses

this wide

in Craftsman

porches

bracketed

with These

the characteristics

houses

roofs

many supports,

century. two

supporting

or porch

shows

gabled movement,

rafters.

one

Road

overhang.

columns column twentieth

Crafts has

pitched

porch

exposed and

early

square only

Low Square Peeksville

deep

the 2. and with false beams. 3. Overhanging eaves decorated Characteristics: 1. level. bases reaching to ground continuing column on

Arts a

in

Grove

and

including

house

English

gable, This style, spiking Locust

the

by

type.

popularity

dominant designs and detailing. This style is most commonly seen in rural areas and smaller towns in a and smaller towns in rural areas seen style is most commonly detailing. This designs and dominant bungalow Influenced with Craftsman Style (1905-1930) 5-4 (1905-1930) Style Craftsman 46

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW Grove decorative elementsofbuildingswerediscarded.AlthoughthisstyleisrarelyfoundinGeorgia,Locust In International Style(1920-1940)5-5

this

has modern

a

few

and

commercial flat district, This

eclectic

roof,

former

was

smooth

building

U.S. examples, built

Post surfaces,

in 1. Flatroof,usuallywithoutaledge Characteristics: at doorsorwindows. surfaces withnodecorativedetailing. 3. Smooth,unornamentedwall 2. or

the

Windows

style, coping Office

1960s

such

and

on functionalism

but at

simple

as U.S.

roof set

displays the

Highway

flush windows

former line.

International

with

was 23,

U.S. set

just

outer

flush of

Post south

prime

Style

with wall.

Office. of

the elements importance the

walls. commercial

such

so as

a traditional,

often

47

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

5-6

and

the

look

house

to

shape;

with

this,

roof of

account important secondary

is

Because

it into

chimneys;

Type. type, and

taken important

=

is

house mind

Height in layout

Type windows,

+

=

Keep Plan

interior

determining

or

+Height TYPE doorways,

In

of

formula:

materials.

floorplan

Floorplan location

the

building more stories is considered a house. more stories is

and “plan-forms.”

architectural

type, and as

an

to

by

number

details

house’s

the a

Types referred

as

defined

are

such

architectural determine

sometimes

To the porch.

“types”

are

number of stories. A single story residence is considered a cottage, while a residence with two or considered a cottage, while A single story residence is number of stories. of

Architectural beyond characteristics type House types 48

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW storefront entrances. similar Note howthreeofthesesingle storycommercialbuildingsshare are including or rectangular Single commercialbuildingsareroughlyuniforminsizeandconnectedbycommonwalls.Different Single StoryCommercial 5-7

stone

1. Expansive windows glass separated by structural its 2. Stores connected by common and walls similar

historic

most

detailing.

doors

columns flanking door entrance.

facades character facade

and

building materials.

materials Consistency Characteristics:

may

entryways.

defining

be

and

composed

large

and is

As

often

windows distinctive

a

group,

of shown

different

flanking

single

element. in

expansive

the materials.

story

buildings

glass

Most

storefront Typical

Typical

materials in

Locust

single

single

windows

are Grove’s

story

story

brick

commercial

commercial

commercial and with

similar

wood,

building.

building.

district details metal,

49

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

5-8

with

floor

vehicles

two and

transoms

windows

floors

openings.

parked second

with

smaller the

glass

the floor

incorporates

are ground

with behind

columns

ground

building

expansive

the windows

has

to commercial entryways Characteristics: Characteristics:

windows

structural

floor the

floor commercial by

with

glass relate

note

-

Upper

2.. Ground

multistory

directly 1. mixed-use storefront

interrupted

This storefronts - with large glass windows, brick facade, and double-hung windows on the second story. of

usually

are

composed

areas

typically

is building.

building.

downtown

floor

in

first

commercial commercial

Commercial

The

buildings

multistory multistory

facades.

Typical Typical consisting of double hung windows. Locust Grove has just one multi-story commercial building in the building commercial has just one multi-story Locust Grove windows. of double hung consisting its district. center of Multi-story brick Multistory 50

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW a community. African-American building appearance. building The Commercial 5-9 Wood FrameGable Characteristics: 3. 2. signage 1.

Large, Wood Front Low-pitched

is was

porch

expansive Frame believed

This

usually

across

Wood roof Gable

community.

to

parapet built

be

the

Frame was

an

to front

important

most

reflect front

Gable Historically,

facade

commonly

gable

a

pictured community

gathering

to

display

the

built

here

structure

place store

between

is

one-of-a-kind

type, at with commercial Street, acrosstherailroadtracks, fromtheLocustGrove This historicWoodFrame Gable structureisonJackson

is one

significant 1890 covered

yet

time,

on and

district.

porch

possibly a in

1930. smaller

Locust to

and

Note Locust

This

front a

scale Grove. the

“Juke

particular

Grove’s gable “general

with

Joint”,

This

to

display

a

store” development

“general

unique commercial

for

appearance

signage. the

store”

as

51

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

to

1850

from

rectangular date

a

exist

do

that Sometimes porch.

most

room. covered

a but

and

single

a

Characteristics: commonly 1. Single unit, most be found in a square but can rectangular form gabled. 2. Roof is usually end, 3. Chimney is at exterior of one but door and window arrangement varies. in Georgia,

chimney, in

sleep

brick

form This Single Pen on Roberts Road in Locust Grove has large windows, a

and

eat,

historic

of

its

cook,

in

plan

find would

floor

to

and

rare family

is

exterior

of

single type

type.

a

pen Pen

shelter, Illustrations single

Single

quick here Grove, shown Pen in Locust only one Single There is into two rooms. might be divided version back. addition to the with an The built as Traditionally with additions. enlarged Pen is often found size, the Single to its small 1900. Due Single Pen 5-10 Pen Single 52

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW one This GabledWingCottage onRidgeStreethasagablefrontat Cottages Gabled the stateofGeorgia,aswellinLocustGrove.ItissometimescalledaGable-Front-and-Wingor The Gabled WingCottage5-11 into 3. Frontdoorleadstoahallwayordirectly wing 2. Gablefrontatoneendofarecessed 1. Characteristics:

end,

Gabled

Plan

the gabled Ell

that

are

is

house room

Wing

T-

common is

roof,

or parallel

in

type

L-shaped and Cottage

the

a

and and

porch wing; to

the

was display most

with

that

porches facade.

a

covers

were popular a

gabled a

range

built common. the

front late

roof.

of

between

stylistic

nineteenth-century door.

1875

details.

and

cottage Illustrations

1915.

house

In

Locust

of

type

exterior

with

Grove,

and

many

floor

Gabled

examples plan

of Wing

gabled

across

wing

53

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

Gabled

a two

as

are

gabled

Road

a

porch

wing;

facade.

the with

the

in covered

Peeksville

to

on

large,

room

L-shaped

and

the parallel

or

example

is

T-

common. gable into this

is

that

Plan

identify

wing or 3. Front door leads to a hallway directly porches Characteristics: 1. roof. recessed 2. Gable front at one end of a front-facing

that

projecting,

house. The characteristics Wing House.

wing

gabled

of

plan

floor

and

exterior

of

Illustrations This is a two-story version of the Gabled Wing Cottage and shares the same characteristics. Sometimes calledcharacteristics. Sometimes a the same shares and Wing Cottage of Gabled the version a is two-story This this type. Most of two-story examples a few only has Ell type, Locust Gabled house or Grove Gable-Front-and-Wing 1915. between and 1875 built were Gabled Wing House 5-12 House Wing Gabled 54

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW no academicstyle.ManyhousesinLocustGroveareQueenAnneCottages. urban Queen Queen AnneCottage 5-13 front- andside-facing gables,andtheinterior chimneys. Anne Cottage onPeeksvilleRoad,inaddition tothe Note

the

and

Anne

pyramidal without acentral hallway. room3. Asymmetrical arrangements interior chimneys. 2. Hipped or pyramidal roofs with side-projecting gables. 1. Main square massing with front- and Characteristics:

rural

Cottages,

areas.

roof

in

the built This

center

house during

mass

type

the

of

this

1880s can

Queen

have

and

architectural

1890s,

were Anne Cottage Illustrations

popular decoration

as

of

one-story

from exterior

other

and

residences

floor styles,

plan

or

of

may in

Queen

both

have

55

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

the

Queen

for no

of

plan have

except

floor

may

or and

Grove. styles,

exterior

characteristics

of

other

Locust

in

identical from

Illustrations Anne House. type

with

this

of

Cottages center

ornamentation

the

in

Anne examples

roof

fine

Queen

architectural few

a

pyramidal

a have

quite

two-story can

with

are

are

type

gables

There

Houses house

Characteristics: and front- with massing square 1. Main gables. side-projecting with roofs pyramidal or 2. Hipped chimneys. interior arrangements 3. Asymmetrical room hallway. a central without style.

side-facing

This Anne

and

This two-story Queen Anne House on Peeksville Road has both This two-story Queen Anne House front- mass. academic Queen height. Queen Anne House 5-14 House Anne Queen 56

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW South Cottage. Illustrations examples emphasis great economicgrowthintheSouth.ItresemblesaQueenAnneCottagebutisdistinctivewithits The New SouthCottage5-15

New

South can on

of

exterior symmetry

be

Cottage

found.

and

floor

and

was

plan

a

a

central

popular

of

New

hallway.

house emphasis The

type

This

paired

built

type

on

gables

between symmetry is

not

on

common

this main mass, provides additional symmetry. 3. Apaired gable, flush withthethe wall of rooms, often onewill project side forward. hallway2. Central is flanked pairsby of projections. central square mass, hipped roof, and gabled 1. Similar Anne to Cottage aQueen with Characteristics:

and the

New

distinguish 1890s

South

to

Locust and

Cottage

it

1920s

from

Grove

on

a during

Combs Queen

but

Anne several Street a

period

Cottage. show

of

its

57

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW Cottage

rural

roofs.

Pyramid in

a

of

plan

common

floor

steeply-pitched more and

Grove.

exterior

of

relatively

distinctive,

is Locust

in

their type

Illustrations for exist

The

1930.

examples

is

and

recognizable

few

Road

are 1910

but roof.

Peeksville

between Cottages centers,

on

symmetrical

built

urban

Cottage

Pyramid in

pitched, often

than

form,

Pyramid were

steeply

a

its of

Characteristics: hallways no and rooms main 1. Four shape a square within 2. Pyramidal roof house for

Georgia

cottages

in

example

simple

This distinctive areas A These Pyramid Cottage 5-16 Cottage Pyramid 58

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW dormer, This side Bungalow very fewBungalowsfoundinLocustGrove.Sometimesmistakenlyreferredtoasastyle,the While Bungalow 5-17

is

gable,

an

Bungalows located

example

can hip, overhangs 3. Roofs are low-pitched with wide 2. Full-front porches are common plans within arectangular shape 1. “Long and low” with irregular floor Characteristics: on

be

and

of U.S.

further

a were

side

cross Highway

gable a

classified popular gable).

Bungalow 23.

The

house

into porch

with

one

type has

a

shed-roofed

of a

wide between

four overhang.

subtypes

1900

and

by

its bottom: Illustrations 1930

roof

in

hipped

form all

of areas

Bungalow and roof,

of

orientation side

Georgia,

gable, subtypes front

there

(front

from gable.

are top

gable,

to

59

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

in

18

5- many

areas

in rural

and

types

residential

all Ranch

suburban in

II.

as

both

War

in well

as typical

a

World

of

common Grove

following

Locust

became characteristic

in

years

low” type

the

and

in

common house

“long Illustration of exterior of a Ranch

very the

roof.

purchase are popular

to

hipped

displays this

and

subtypes house

or build

this

low-pitched

to a California,

as in

Street,

well

as

found

Jackson affordable

permutations

on

house,

both

4. Roofs are hipped or gabled, but with with but gabled, or hipped are 4. Roofs low pitch 3. Variety of building materials, but but materials, building of 3. Variety brick red usually 2. “Long and low” with simple or or simple with low” and 2. “Long attached with often massing, complex carport 1. Always one story, sometimes with a a with sometimes story, one 1. Always allows if topography basement Characteristics: Located Ranch was different Georgia. Originally house the ranch and modern, 1970s. Streamlined through the from the 1940s the country areas across Ranch

COMMERCIAL GUIDELINES SECTION 6 SECTION 62

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION 63

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION

not

that

locally

do

the

ensure

to

within is

developments

projects

guidelines future

that

these

of

and

construction

new

purpose

and

maintained The

is

projects

Grove.

district

Locust

in

rehabilitation

commercial

the district both

of

cover

integrity commercial

guidelines

historic historic

following

existing

the of the area. the overall character threaten The designated Commercial District Overview 6-1 Overview District Commercial 64

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION

65 COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION COMMERCIAL 66

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION information 5. with reconstruct 4. kind 3. 2. Removalofnon-historicelementsthatobscureahistoricfaçadeisencouraged. 1. Guidelines: good a history overall Rehabilitation However, oneelement,orientationtotherailroad,isconsistentalonghistoricdowntown corridor. windows. While undergone preservation The Overview 6-2 Commercial Rehabilitation

building’s If Replacement Repair Do

an integrity

care, and

repair not

some

element historic as

is type cover

a helps

modifications preferred

the

railroad attracts structures historic exists,

of of

(often of

historic

architectural historic its

or is a maintain

exteriors

historic

missing,

reconstruction

character-defining a

business

character

town. simplified referred

over

are

element features

over commercial the

should mostly replacement. Repairs use

character

and historic

to and

time documentation

interpretation

as as with

is positively ensure

unaltered,

make accurately in-kind). or

only to

new features. integrity alterations

building meet of

Repair

it

appropriate the the

materials compatible

the affects

district, others visual

as of

Locust of of

is only changing

possible

similar

that the the insured

the integrity

may

or

damaged

giving building’s building. if retain

Grove’s

with

appearance signs a

elements

have historic

through

needs by

surrounding historic special

that the of

added

commercial areas

the historic

of

identification,

feature

permanently should materials

businesses

of building

consideration

features, with

awnings

the

form

is

structures.

be area elements

buildings damaged

and

considered. and

materials,

to

occupying

as and

alter maintenance,

replicate design.

be a

to

whole. roofs and

compatible

the

Locust

Keeping beyond have

materials and structure.

Replication,

or

the it.

naturally

replaced

Grove’s If finishes

structures. repair. and

buildings no

with

such

of

the

If enhance if the

so, done

same

in

67

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION

been

or

has number

should

a

brick

that on

efforts

using

present opening

Special

an are

enclosed is

they

arch

as

materials.

blind

Grove, of buildings. A permanently other be made to maintain blind arches on sides and backs of buildings in Locust

7. Elements highlighting the history of buildings or their or buildings the history highlighting of 7. Elements or engravings, stampings, as (such materials and elements preserved. and be maintained should plaques) 6. Adding elements to a building to give it a false historic a false historic it give to a building to elements 6. Adding appropriate. not is appearance 5. Restoration of historic architectural details is encouraged encouraged is details architectural historic of 5. Restoration when they be can documented. 4. Stain applications should be avoided unless they are the they unless are be avoided should applications 4. Stain the structure. for treatment historic 3. Never sandblast to clean or remove paint from buildings. buildings. from paint remove or clean to sandblast 3. Never damage methods physically cleaning Harsh masonry. should remain unpainted. Masonry that is already painted painted already is Masonry that unpainted. remain should be maintained. should 2. Masonry walls that have not been previously painted painted been previously not have 2. Masonry walls that 1. Historic exterior building surfaces should not be covered be covered not surfaces should building exterior 1. Historic vinyl wood as or such new with materials, over stone. or stucco, synthetic siding, Guidelines Exterior materials of Locust Grove’s historic buildings are character-defining elements and should be retained whenever retained whenever be should and elements character-defining are buildings historic Locustof Grove’s materials Exterior still are and some been painted, have Some exterior. or granitoid brick a with buildings one sees often, Most possible. materials, historic These of existing brick. glazed finish exterior a has particularly unique bank corner The unpainted. than rather repaired and bemaintained should wallcladding), stone (a manufactured granitoid wood, or brick, as such in similar material is, with that in-kind, replace to made be should all effort necessary, is replacement When replaced. texture. design, and shape, size, composition, Historic Building Materials 6-3 Materials Building Historic 68

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION color storefronts, buildings 6. should beavoided. thickness, anddesign as thehistoric.Tintedormirroredglass necessary, 5. granitoid, most commonmaterialsincludebrick,wood, stone,and 4. Theuseoftraditionalhistoricmaterialsis encouraged. The storefront. with thehistoriccharacteranddesignof building’shistoric either and historic characteroftheindividualbuildingbasedonitsstyle special 3. enclosed withafalsefrontnorshouldtheyberemoved. 2. pilasters, 1. Thereshouldbenoremovalofhistoricbulkheads, Guidelines Changes character the ascertain Grove commercial districtasawhole.Whilesomestorefrontsmayhavebeenalteredovertime,manyinLocust Storefronts Storefronts 6-4

Aluminum Historic Because Display

historic

period to

historical still

attention give

can whether

or is

constructed

a

windows new there glass

retain

of are

storefront framing recommended. type columns.

the disrupt

door construction.

character-defining

glass

evidence

should are appearance

should of their

they

and

manufactured

properties and should

the should

is post-World historic

have window

be

no be rhythm transoms

or

preserved.

given

longer Whenever Rehabilitations

be

a be been of

new

elements.

anodized constructed wood of

framing

of

to

altered

similar features

stone War intact, should design

the maintaining

or

If possible,

district’s II.

replacement

cladding. brass.

Close or

is a

or

transparency, When that not

of

contemporary

in may appropriate painted

still

historic

various

be

is examinations

historic

be

historic used have compatible the covered

based a

is

commercial

darker in enough eras,

storefront for

older building

or on design

of

historic

storefronts

that

Typical facades. buildings

components

is

elements

storefront

compatible

should

and

components.

should

to of

preserve be the

with

completed

downtown be Front

the

appropriate columns andhistorically storefront This LocustGrovehistoric maintained.

view.

and

historic

maintain.

displays to

glass.

cast

iron

If

69

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION -

hot the

the materi

of

of Tip: unless

should

prevent

meet

flow

shape, to pre-World

Green Recessed entrances will help the or cold air into a store when the front door is open. size, door.

openings openings

placement

in

new necessary

and

door

these a

constructed is door

of in

size

Historic material,

historic or opening

reused

buildings

be the

for

design,

buildings. location

preserved. match

the

should

additional

the

Style an and

with

storefronts

should

on change

facades.

unless hardware

not

maintained

Do storefront compatible International

added

installed historic

be preserved.

be replacement on

be

be

historic

and doors. the

not

the

not

used

should of

should

possible, and be

If

rythm configuration.

should retained

should doors

may doors the

necessary, be

and is

windows and

doors disrupt historic

patterns.

can

door should

the

storefronts

a

aluminum glass

to

historic on of design

entrances

windows

and aluminum

them

hardware

storefront

existing

historic

panel

openings Unfinished

II. replacement

restores and

Replacement Retain New Unfinished If Historic

Inappropriate historic windows and doors. this 6. 5. 4. with Disabilities Act (ADA). requirements of the Americans 3. War 2. als, 1. possible. Guidelines Existing be retained whenever doors should transoms over doors and in size. Historic or reduced not be enclosed Entrances and Doors 6-5 Doors and Entrances 70

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION Window 4. 3. 2. the samedimensions. configuration replacement shape, 1. Guidelines character ofDowntownLocustGrove.Ifwindowsneverhadshutters,theyshouldbeleftinthiscondition. should Existing Upper

Reduce Shutters Window Window If

replacement

shutters

material, only

open

air upper

Façade

should leakage openings details,

should

be cracks windows.

of

façade replaced

and

panes

fit of

by

and not the

such a

adding

style.

window should window

De

joints, details be

should Replacement

as when

applied

tails

Depending

weather

opening. decorative and

not Green

and

is be

they sealing

necessary, be

an

the if Front

historic

strips Tip

they covered cannot

d panes

same :

the

view.

work on

to Wi

were intersections

windows the windows

as

be should the

or or ndows

age

the rehabilitated. not

sheet enclosed. replacement

historic of

and a

be

historic of the should

metal

doors, clear, walls.

building,

window

hoods,

sealing

be

feature not Window should

maintained

tinted

wood

should with

of match materials. windows brickwork building. Historicwindowshave beenrestored.Cornice Here

shutters

the or

the or is

mirrored.

a be building.

look metal and the have

frame, has

preserved

at

are been historic been

preserved.

the

is

properly generally

upper left

mullions,

the

The

unpainted

façade window preferred

and

number maintained,

Historic

of

not maintained. to

and historic

highlight

in

part

and

and material muntins

size, Locust

windows

stone

the of

historic

the

Grove bases

6- for of

on

6

71

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION

6

6-

and

obscuring

possible.

if

from

building

a retained

historic be of

them

historic

the

should

of

prevent restore

character

trim to

windows to

the

Historic Front view. made

window

be windows

diminish the

should

ntinued historic

match

finishes of energy

to Co

other Effort

and reduce

view.

exterior interior

painted can

Front the

be repaired. ndows

that

on windows, be

historic

Wi

: d should

over rehabilitation.

Tip placed

should operable ventilation

an

they be

during and

Green placed consumption.

tails light

added, should ventilators,

removed

brickwork

De be

are

bars natural cladding

rooftop should

historic and

front

provide

windows Façade Security

false

Skylights, fronts

features damaged, storm

False If If

Inappropriate should not be added. should not be added. brickwork when removing awnings or roof additions. removing awnings or roof brickwork when 7. historic details on the exterior. details on the historic 6. 5. windows. Upper 72

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION internally illuminated. on of valence the awning the and may not be 5. Awning signs must painted be or directly installed minimum of to eight seven feet above sidewalk. the four feet to from seven building the and should a be 4. Astandard street-level awning should project storefrontthe but not entry. the or, alternatively, may cover display the windows of simply cover and not entry the entire the storefront; windowsills. Where appropriate, awnings may should positioned be below second the story or piers. the In amulti-story building, awning the reinforced without covering storefront the cornice 3. Awning frames of storefront the be shall nice or panel. sign displaythe windows and below storefront the cor 2. Awnings attached be shall to building the above quality. 1. Fabric or canvas awnings must of be durable Guidelines non-historic should control Historically, Awnings 6-7

be in

a maintained

time

canopies awnings

before

were of and

air

wood

preserved.

conditioning. common

or

metal

features

When

be

If

replaced

historic -

storefronts on

commercial Awnings should notcoverthestorefrontcorniceor signboard.Frontview.

awnings with

are awnings.

rehabilitated,

or buildings.

canopies

They

are

it

is present

provided recommended multistory building. appropriate material andisinstalledatan This awningismadeofdurable

in

Locust natural

height

that

Grove,

climate and

any

location

they

on

the

73

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION

heat

reduce

to

view.

awnings

Side

temperatures.

Tip:

shapes.

operable

Green regulate

awning

and

gain inappropriate

and

character-compatible,

Install 6. Awning shapes shall be matched to the form of window window of the form to shall be matched shapes 6. Awning appropriate. not are awnings bubble openings; door or Awnings Continued 6-7 Continued Awnings Appropriate 74

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION Roofs from thestreet. 3. Maintainexistingcorniceandeavedetailsasvisible visible fromthestreet. 2. from thestreet. 1. Guidelines repair flat Roofs Roofs visibility

Incorporate Repair Maintain Vegetated

roofs should

are of

or

roof slope

with and an

roofs

“green

existing green

integral away

damage replace

stepped-back

with

from

roofs roofs”

parapets.

pitch the

aspect existing

only will

front help

and

when

help facade.

reduce

Also, of rooflines

roof

shape the

they

preserve Side

consider

the

historic materials

view. are

heat of

towards

compatible

roofs

painting gain historic

structure’s

in-kind from as

the

visible the

with

building the

Green back

roof

roof if costs. the

form.

white

of

architectural Tip: of

materials. the a

structure, or Most

buildings intheLocustGrovecommercialdistrict. Here building.

a

light

is

commercial

an character

shade thus example

Regular cooling

to

of

of

reflect

a

a historic

buildings

building,

the

roof

more

building

stepped-back

maintenance

light,

such

in

and

Locust thus as

roofline,

flat its

lowering

environment.

roofs

Grove common

and

with

energy quick

on have

6- no

8

75

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION

feature.

view.

brick

Front a

seen. of

historic

historic be Replacement

present.

the

corbeled still

can of

Retain historic roof cornices if they are Consult

cornices. appearance

Grove,

appearance

cornices. historic Locust

craftsmanship

the In

the

replacement

brick

for

duplicate integrity.

design detailed

complement that

building. of

newly-constructed

historic and the

its on

variety

scaled, materials

a

appropriate

an buildings

and

impacts present other

of

or

still

tops

facades cornice

are

appropriately

determine a

wood, the

to at

they

with

if

brick, building

books of

on

Removing

cornices

Locust Grove has many detailed roof cornices in its commercial district, often with decorative brickwork. Locust Grove has many detailed roof cornices decoration style cornices

made

be and

common district.

missing

provide roofline

may are

Replace Retain

cornices 2. photographs 1. cornices Guidelines Cornices commercial Roof Cornice 6-9 Cornice Roof 76

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION Grove, Georgia, CodeofOrdinances unlessotherwisestated. 7. and windowsigns. 6. painted 5. farthest Storage 4. recommended. and than 4to6squarefeetinarea. building. the ing 2. work covering window above minimum 1. Guidelines obscure provide throughout exception. Commercial Signage 6-10 3.

All Signs Signs Temporary Hanging A Window

bracket no

shall storefront

in sign

the more

during point. may on or significant

concert continuity

sills.

about

contrast

It storefront

needed area

sewn

the Many

hardware, or

the

signs

could

than buildings be

It sandwich-board projecting

shall

fringe

limitations

business 65%

commercial should illuminated

with onto

different five shall

with for represent

to features

not of display

the

or the public business

feet

adequate

the

have

not the not

have perpendicular

hours

signs, defining awning

from

sign

shall

sign comprise display

be

of

district.

directly traditionally the windows. spaces

more

more

a

signs and identification.

also board.

the types, be historic image space

valance. architectural

those background.

than may building.

and known

than

or may If more

including for

present, of Wall portion In indirectly.

become building.

not four

in

2-1/2

displayed a be a stabilization

than

product as accordance multi-story

be signs used

The signs;

One a

of

placed

feet features. historic 30% “blade”

Light-colored part wall

size awnings only should

Neon of

high in or a

of

of

these sign

variety

of general,

beyond

use

(if

the under

with building, signs

the

sign, a with can

wires be

blade boards text

storefront shall

may community

scaled Chapter

be

of must

shall the lettering

60 or the to

are

appropriate sign

be be sign

the

identify inches gold-leafed regulations and

number

be be configured a needed), appropriately

designs,

flush-mounted sign depends glass, 15.24

mounted preserved projecting

between

memory.

from

should a

(Sign of shall tenant

for and

for and letters signs

the

on with

above flush-mounted

8

and

not Regulations)

Outdoor signs,

weight/stress

be

the edge and to Locust

New and

should

contrasting

below with the

wall obscure

maintained room

18 the

should of can signs

size

inches Grove sign

dark

building sidewalk, Display

the be for, be

of

the must

kept

of

board seen

be second borders

the

and sign

on letters high is

the display

since no

no

and

the at facade to not

style

boards project Locust

more

located

and its the

story

they are

area,

of,

and

-

77

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION Side view. Traditional Sign Locations. Front view. Signage Continued 6-10 Continued Signage 78

COMMERCIAL REHABILITATION

79 NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION NEW COMMERCIAL 80

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION achieve creative compatible solutions design that domore than replicate existing buildings. 3. Any construction new should reference principal characteristics design that Grove make Locust the area unique to 2. Landscape elements associated structure with anew should compatible be with that of surrounding the area. and orientation of surrounding the historic buildings should respected. be out1. When construction anew carrying project visible that be from will public the right-of-way, established the setback Guidelines architectural designs. concernedbe instead with strengthening and reinforcing uniqueness the inherent downtown inthe area through creative structures area. inthe New construction not need restricted to merely be recreating previous and styles forms, but should givenbe to assure that any and expansion all have will apositive impact on reinforcing character the of historic the that there likelihood is growthBecause ahigh and construction new is instore for Grove, Locust care and thought should New Commercial ConstructionOverview6-11 location Adding sunlight minimal harmtoabuilding’shistoricmaterials

that

solar

into

is

electricity,

panels minimally

may

Green but

visible

lower

be

Tip: sure

energy to

the

to

public place

costs

the

by view

panels converting

and

in does

a

81

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

order

are

In

wall.

a

buildings

surrounding

share

to

historic

view.

similar

most Front

be commonly

Grove, buildings.

should

buildings

existing

Locust scale

the

In of

and

historic

context

depth.

The mass

historic its

lot.

and

the

the

with

of

in width,

district,

fit

to

depth

height,

historic

designed and

be

the

can

width into

building’s

fit a

the

buildings

to to

are

larger

refer

and

facade,

the scale

high

construction

and

story

new

segmenting

By 3. If a new structure’s width exceeds what is recommended, then the façade should be broken by a second entrance. This This entrance. a second by be then broken the façade should recommended, is what exceeds width a new structure’s 3. If buildings of commercial block to the is especially This important the streetscape. of the rhythm in maintaining will assist 42. Highway along 2. New structures should be of similar width and depth to nearby historic buildings historic nearby to depth and width similar be of should structures 2. New 1. New structures should not exceed the height of the surrounding historic buildings by more than one story. story. one than more by buildings historic the surrounding of exceed the height not should structures 1. New Guidelines for buildings. Mass one Mass and Scale 6-12 Scale and Mass 82

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION facing Highway 42 andhavethesamesetback. Looking downthe historiccommercialdistrict.All thestructuresare not infront. 3. Parking should located building, the behind be cent historic buildings. buildings2. All same facethe shall street as adja- adjacent historic buildings. 1. New structures have shall as similar setbacks Guidelines construction buildings distance Locust Grove faceHighway42.Setbackisthedistancefrommainstreetlotlineandfrontofbuilding. The orientationofabuildingisthedirectionwhichitfaces.historiccommercialbuildingsinLocust Orientation,

Grove

between

can

adhere

historic be

nonexistent

buildings.

Set

to

commercial

the backs,

existing

Depending

or

greater

and

buildings

pattern

than

Spa on

common the

are the cing

location

built width Inappropriate Inappropriate Inappropriate

in

to

of its

in the

a

section the

Setbacks. Orientation. Spacing.

typical edge

commercial

of View View of

store

View

the the

from from

from

lot

district front.

above. above

district,

or above.

sidewalk.

It

when

is

important the

deciding

spacing

Spacing

that

between placement.

is

new the

6-1

3 83

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

- 6-14 emphasis

horizontal

a

view. has

42

Front

Highway

context.

3904

at

surrounding located

the

to

structure

the

compared

Like many other buildings in the Locust Grove historic commercial dis Like many other buildings in the Locust Grove trict, due to its one story height and wide windows. wide

too

be

to

appear

that

buildings

Avoid

structure.

Emphasis horizonatal

Inappropriate 2. Commercial horizontal elements should be aligned should with elements horizontal 2. Commercial - main to buildings historic adjacent of elements the existing the streetscape. of the rhythm tain 1. Directional emphasis should be maintained. If the existing the existing If be maintained. should emphasis 1. Directional then new emphasis, a horizontal have elements emphasis. a horizontal shall have elements construction Guidelines Guidelines Directional emphasis is determined by the building’s overall shape as well as the size and placement of its elements and and elements its of placement the size and as well as shape overall the building’s determined by is emphasis Directional could be emphasis horizontal a with buildings because maintain to is important This façade. the front on openings be could tall windows when they or be need Mixing to wide. a vertical with emphasis buildings widerthan and shorter one primarily are in Locust buildings Grove Historic appearance. the uniform district lose cause to its would the two emphasis. a horizontal thebuildings which give story wide windows with Directional 84

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION found on adjacent historic buildings. 3. New brick patterns should compatible be with those crete, fiberglass or plastic are prohibited. mirrored or reflectiveglass, cinderblock, unfinished con- 2. Exterior siding materials such as aluminum, steel, vinyl, stone approved by HPC). the terrazzo, and any other manufactured architectural finish manufactured stone (including imitation stone, marble natural stone approved to be by HPC), the stoneral (including granite, marble, sandstone, or any other 1. Exterior siding materials should limited be to brick, natu- Guidelines durable materialwhichmeansthatnewconstructionbuilttodaycouldbeahistoricsiteofthefuture. of Building materialsusedinnewconstructionshouldbeharmoniouswiththesurroundingbuildings,notout Building Materials 6-15

place.

In

the

historic

commercial

district,

brick

is

the

preferred Grove, Although brick. While

painted,

the

separated

Locust

and

both

Grove

primary 3831 from

Institute

and most

3832

of

building

is the

Highway

also

historic

built

42

commercial primarily

material.

are

constructed

of

buildings

brick.

Brick

primarily

of

is

Locust

a

of

85

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

by

should

flanked are

Grove.

Locust

of

entrance cornices

construction

district

central Simple New

streetscape. a

commercial the

have

of

columns.

historic

storefronts.

the

iron in

on

rhythm

commonly cast

the

storefronts

They have

common

disrupt Typical

and view.

also

Front are material.

could

that

and/ so

recessed historic

expressed storefront.

are the

awnings

building

streets

as windows,

walls.

existing

designed of

the

patterns be

public

size primary blank entrances Attached

with

of

shall face the placement

their

Some or

as that façade.

compatible

areas same

prohibited. is

fenestration

is expanses

that the

brick

upper

entrance

facades

windows.

glass parking similar large

the have

the

storefront

no in

of

maintain

New exterior are display

Maintain customer All Reflective

5. in the historic storefronts. 4. Floor heights should be distinguished through 4. Floor heights should be distinguished features. decorative cornices or other ornamental or there storefronts. 3. 2. Window sills and headers of the new storefront and headers of the new storefront 2. Window sills should 1. location Guidelines large common as the changes, such Small that character. to maintain the existing storefronts to the rhythm of adhere The majority of the commercial district’s historic character lies in the front facades of its buildings. Most its buildings. of facades in the front lies character historic district’s commercial of the majority The storefronts New Storefront Design 6-16 Design Storefront New 86

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION that directly sidewalk. Manyofthebuildingsindistricthaveentrancesthatarecentrallylocatedonfaçadeand They Entrances anddoorsarearchitecturalfeaturesthatoftenoverlooked.Theymorethanjustfunctional. Entrances and Doors 6-17

new

are 3834 can

centrally

accessible Highway

construction add 4. Doorsshouldbeofasimilarstyleasthoseinadjacenthistoricbuildings. 3. Doorsshouldbemadeofsimilarmaterialsasthoseinexistinghistoricbuildings. 2. Entrancesmayberecessedbutshallneverextendfurtherthanthefaçade. 1. Itisrecommendedthatentrancesbecentrallylocated. Guidelines

located an

42.

inviting

A

from

common with

maintain display

the

feature element

public windows

of

this many

to on sidewalk.

quality of either the

the

streetscape,

entrances side

to and

This

perpetuate

they

in

Locust

accessibility

are

especially recessed.

Grove

the

is

that

walkable

encourages

they when

located

Recessed environment of hotorcoldairintoastorewhenthefront

pedestrian

directly

entrances

door of

from Green traffic.

the will

is

open. the help district. Tip:

It

public is

prevent

important

the

flow

87

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

18

-

of 6-

placed

façade, and upper on pat

a and

left the of focus

district.

size

brick in

the

equal

the focus to windows

major of

to commercial

of

are

the

the

detailing

of

Grove

are

primary

windows

conform

Locust the

character placement

in

are

prominent

windows display and

should historic

buildings the

less

size, the

sized

from of

Grove,

windows have

and

distracts design, also

windows construction

Locust While

The are visible on the left storefront. symmetrically on the storefront. Blind arches the

In spaced

New

storefront Grove

façade.

as

façade.

modern equally consider

new

Locust

cornices. This

of two shape

commonly

the

and

should

details.

and

have building’s

those glass. a buildings.

district

tail

size to

of arches

window

designing

De story

and usually

same

blind

construction

similar reflective one

feature when

facade

as the

of commercial be

of New

ndow

upper have

the such

be

Storefronts

in Wi not

facade

should

buildings

significant

a

pattern should shall

Front view Inappropriate

entryway. and

upper

façades. are

historic buildings patterns the

brick the

of

on prohibited.

Brick Windows Windows

5. Windows should only be found on the street-level 5. Windows should only be found not 4. found on nearby historic buildings. those in adjacent buildings or nearby historic those in adjacent buildings or buildings. 3. 2. Burglar bars and steel roll down doors or curtains and steel roll down doors or 2. Burglar bars are Guidelines 1. façade right existing historic Windows storefront Facade terns commonly found on the historic buildings of the historic district. found on the historic buildings terns commonly 88

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION Roofs 6-19 conform the however, back. Most in Here visibility

the Incorporate Vegetated

old is

Roofs Locust

an of The

example Locust

the should

or

to Grove

a roofs

roofs

“green

the few

roofs green

slope

of commercial

Grove

a

predominant

with are

historic historic

away roofs roofs” in

concealed

parapets. the

from

stepped-back Elementary district only

help

historic buildings

the

when

to reduce front

Also,

conceal roof

by

parapet

facade.

they commercial

consider

a

the

types School. gently with

parapet

are

wall, Side heat

compatible sloping

gabled

to view.

common painting gain

These

maintain

wall

shed district

from

on or

roofs. the

made are

with buildings

the hipped Green

roof

the the are

roof costs. the

of

white

exception,

flat historic

architectural Tip:

of

the Guidelines shall 3. Thesamebuildingmaterialsusedforthe them 2. adjacent historicbuildings. 1.

roofs.

a

or Sloping Roof

structure,

or same

have

be a

are

They

character light

shape

used

materials not

preferred.

character

a shed

shade thus

include slope

the

to and

cooling

roofs

build

of to rule.

that of

pitch

reflect the as

the a

with building,

the

New

the the declines district.

Locust

should more

building

building. parapet

a

construction

parapet

light,

such

Grove

from be

and

thus

as wall. consistent

There

flat its the wall

Institute lowering

environment.

roofs

front should

are, concealing

with

with

to energy

and

no the

89

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

and

primary

importance,

all

to

paramount

of

accessible

is

and

construction outset.

integrated

the

new

fully

to

be from

relate

should design

they

as

ramps

building

ways

new

access

any compatible

or

into

ADA

ramps

ADA

possible,

of

incorporated

be

Whenever

2. Construction of all new entrances should meet ADA guidelines for safety and ease of use. meet ADA guidelines for safety of all new entrances should 2. Construction 1. new commercial construction. entrances of any should Guidelines Integration Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility 6-20 Accessibility (ADA) Act Disabilities with Americans 90

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION 3. historic buildings. compatible should bedurableinqualityandshall 2. without 1.Awnings shallbeattachedtothebuilding Guidelines is control inthedaysbeforeairconditioning.Theuseofanawningonnewcommercialbuildingsdistrict Historically, Awnings 6-21

acceptable Metal Fabric

ground and and

with

awnings vinyl and canvas

support materials

compatible

awnings

awnings

were

columns.

used

common are

with

are

not in

acceptable

the adjoining

appropriate.

features

character

and

on

of

commercial

historic Awnings should notcoverthestorefrontcorniceor signboard.Frontview.

buildings

buildings.

in

the They

area.

provided the multistorybuilding. appropriate material andisinstalledatan This awningismadeofdurable

natural

height

climate

and

location

on

91

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

of

heat

the

reduce

element of to

view. shape

awnings

Side

the

appropriate temperatures.

Tip:

shapes. an

operable

match

Green not

regulate

awning

are

and

should opening.

gain door inappropriate

shape

awnings

or and

character-compatible,

Awning Bubble Install

5. window 4. construction. any new Awnings Awnings Continued Appropriate 92

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION are recommended. Light-colored orgold-leafed letterswithdarkborders area, of no morethan4to6squarefeetinarea. product on stabilization style The projecting “blade” 2. defining the sizeoffacadeandworkinconcertwith board. 18 than second storywindowsills.Itshouldnotbemore multi-story building,thesignshouldbebelow located these minimum in 1. Guidelines from Grove historiccommercialdistrictshouldtakecuesregardingthescale,contentandlayoutoftheirsigns consideration shouldbeexertedinregardstonewconstructionaswell.AnytheLocust Signs Signage 6-22 3.

Hanging A general,

the Window inches the

size

storefront

2-1/2

of, and

currently

may of

storefront

building.

Wall

above

sign, the

various or of architectural

high shall

needed

no

be

the feet use a

or bracket signs

(if signs blade

a shall more

projecting the

number

and

shall contrast text existing flush-mounted high wires

types glass, It

shall

storefront

for

should

be

sign could covering

to than

hardware, not with

are mounted business

identify features.

and

shall

not

of

examples with depends

have

five

signs,

needed), represent

lettering signs be

styles comprise

not

display about the feet

scaled more

a

wall adequate

identification. also

above should

obscure

tenant

display

on

from are along

and between

65%

than the

sign appropriately known

the

windows. more an

the

the weight/stress

image be and

of

room with

important

the four board background. space

sidewalk, kept

the building. than

as

should 8 display

the

signs;

and

for, of sign One a

for In to

30%

a guidelines

the

a

and

to

component

of

be

unless otherwisestated. the LocustGrove,Georgia,CodeofOrdinances accordance 7. Allsignarealimitationsshallbethosein boards andwindowsigns. Neon 6. Signsmaybeilluminateddirectlyorindirectly. painted awnings 5. its placed and Storageduringbusinesshoursmaynotbe only 4.

Signs Temporary

farthest

below.

under

can of

beyond

on or

any shall

be

sewn

point.

the the with

appropriate commercial

sandwich-board be

fringe 60 regulations

onto Chapter configured

inches

or the

perpendicular

from

for construction, awning 15.24

for

with flush-mounted

the Outdoor

signs (Sign

valance. contrasting edge

may Regulations)

portion and

of Display

be building

careful

sign used

letters

of

of

at

93

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION Side view. Traditional Sign Locations. Front view. Signage Continued 6-22 Continued Signage 94

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION 5. Additionsshouldbedistinguishablefromtheexistingstructure. subtle 4. 3. 2. Additionsshallbeofthesameorsimilarmaterialsasoriginalstructure. 1. Additionsshouldbesmallerinscaleandmassthantheoriginalstructure. Guidelines existing structures. The Additions 6-23

If It

is the same

recommended separation

addition

approaches

is

of

located

new

that

that

and

additions

are on

old

the taken

construction. sidewalk. Sideview. Rooftop side

be when

of

located additions

a

constructing building

should

in

the

not

a

rear

be glass

visible new

of

hyphen

to buildings buildings

pedetrians

should

walking

or should

as

be

on recessed

the

designed be

applied

rooftop

to

to

provide

additions

additions.

a

clear,

to

but

95

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION 96

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION 97

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

DEVELOPMENTS LARGE SCALE, MIXED-USE LARGE SCALE, 98

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION orientation, parking, and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility. Commercial The taller structures. commercial intersections andalongmajorstreetsinLocustGrove.Thesearethesamelocationswhere zoningallows differs Because compatibility neighborhoods, historicandotherwise.Designisanessentialelementinachievingneighborhood currently Mixed-use Large

following

from

mixed-use

Scale, present

buildings

buildings.

that Construction

and

guidelines

of

in

creating Mi

solely buildings

Locust

–

Guidelines both xed-Use

pertain

residential

section places

Grove, large-scale

function

only

of

for should

can

De design

buildings. guidelines

to

as

nevertheless redevelopment

velopments

Large

commercial ensure

quality

Scale, These

on

compatibility

and

how be

Mixed-Use buildings

buildings

designed

projects lasting

to

properly

value. between

and at

will

to developements.

sidewalk

be

smaller

address generally

compatible

existing

level, lot-by-lot

height,

be

buildings

located their with Please

setbacks,

infill

placement surrounding

refer at

and –

prominent

while

to

new,

the

and

not

New often

design

6-

24

99

NEW COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION

If

be stories,

and

be pitched.

techniques.

upper

more or

the must

shape, for other

or

Grove,

from

on techniques. access

bays,

consistent

Locust those

a

similar Construction in

separated

or

residential have

window

reflect

design

that

visually

portico, special

is

Commercial

or intervals,

treatments, and

cornices New

commercial

arcade

buildings, regular entry

least,

with

at of

(at within

and

awning,

types storefront

placed

an

section

be articulated

windows

these entrances

be line,

Design

traditional should

within display

should cornice

separate

with floor

large

tops

located Storefront

are ground

materials,

New consistent

includes in intermediate

the building

units the

flat, an

floor

be used,

above structures. use breaks

or are

the may

reference

ground

residentital

roofs

Windows Roofs The

2. Residential access entrances should be clearly marked. 2. Residential access entrances 1. In an effort to maintain the historic character of the district as it currently exists, all residential access historic character of the district as it currently exists, all residential 1. In an effort to maintain the of any new mixed use construction. should be located on the back provided. Guidelines Residential Access: Since 4. Long building facades should be divided into smaller increments to create visual interest, through be divided into smaller increments to create visual interest, 4. Long building facades should divisions vertically oriented (taller than wide). vertically oriented (taller than pre-existing 3. 2. flat 1. through (please information) Guidelines Storefront Design: Design: Storefront at ground level. design elements of storefront include buildings should Mixed-use 100

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING

101 COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING COMMERCIAL SITE AND SETTING COMMERCIAL 102

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING preserve recommendations fromtheLGHPC,twobodiesareencouragedtoworktogether maintain and government can The commercial districtfromresidentialandindustrialcorridors. furniture and The Commercial Site andSettingOverview6-25

review commercial site historic

and

the and

and

character setting to historic

lights,

alter advise

setting

features

the pedestrian character

of

on

is commercial

the

changes, considered

community. of

of the

walkways,

the

commercial but

environment.

commercial

public,

the

The

commission parking

and relationship

district

setting. therefore

Although

facilities, tractive to makethecommercialenvironment moreat The The a

of

city character-compatible

cannot use

Locust

and

has of

of falls

accessible made

the buildings

and native

prohibit

under

municipal several Grove

other

and

for

pedestrians. recent

government drought to

contribute features any

landscape each

improvements

Green government

steps usage.

tolerant other,

all

Tip:

taken

can significantly

-

distinguish jurisdiction.

landscape, vegetation drastically

by is

not

the

bound

when

municipal reduce

the to

The street

the

planning

LGHPC

water

to visual

any

103

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING

furniture

street

of

elements

common

two

are

receptacles

trash

and

Benches found in Locust Grove.

use.

an and

public street

provides

design

Park in other

future

district.

Walk

for and

simple

Mayor’s

be

the

relaxation.

lot,

commercial considered

and

receptacles,

should

rest be the

vacant

for

trash

with former

a

should

furniture

racks, greenspace

within

Bike Street

Located appealing 3. furniture 2. Street furniture should match the existing street should match the existing 2. Street furniture materials, and scale. furniture in design, 1. compatible Guidelines Guidelines Street Street Furniture Site and 6-26 Locust Grove is striving to make the commercial district walkable in the face of a heavy volume of vehicular traffic. In its In traffic. vehicular of volume a heavy district in the of face walkable the commercial make to striving is Locust Grove Park. Walk Mayor’s sidewalksthe in and along street furniture other and added has benches city the to do so, effort 104

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING Street carefullybe considered. entrancesthe and features of structures. Street lighting can accent any historic but district, and design placement should Exterior avariety of street functions, lighting from serves illuminating apathway for to pedestrians drawing attention to Street Lights6-27

lamps

complement

the

design

of Guidelines prohibited. discouraged. 3. Lightglareandexcessivebrightnessshouldbe the historiccharacterofdistrict. 2. in bothscale,design,andmaterial. 1.

the

Light Street

commercial

fixtures lamps

environment.

Reflective

should

shall

be

match

materials

harmonious

existing Grove. The

in

acorn-shaped

light

and

city-installed

fixtures consistent

lamp

is

are the

lamps

with predominant

style

for

street

lamps

in

Locust

105

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING 28 6-

found

commercial historic

commonly

traffic.

the the

are

in

made

style

pattern pedestrian

have

to

diagonal

a

predominant

accessible in

the

improvements

more are

pavers

planks commercial district in Locust Grove. Sidewalk district Brick on the end of the commercial street blocks. Concrete sidewalks designed to resemble wooden

or

an the

city.

to

by

the the wood

up 12.04.010)

is built possible

it with

from

be

brick, replacing

any

but materials,

Chapter

any shall

only

permit

of

by beyond

paving compatible pattern,

be

written

Ordinances, a

description plank

historic of

sidewalks

corporation,

should any or

deteriorated patterns.

or

of

maintained.

Code without

are area concrete

and

firm existing a

and

that in

Grove sidewalks

sidewalk material

built

No New Preserve

other (Locust 6. individual, dimensions, or brick materials. 5. Sidewalks should be concrete 4. surrounding portions repair. 3. are the this will be continued throughout city to decide if district. 1. Historic sidewalks and walkways should be and walkways should 1. Historic sidewalks preserved along the main street corridor 2. Existing sidewalks Guidelines Pedestrian access to commercial structures is crucial to the success of a commercial district as sidewalks provide spaces spaces districtsidewalks as a commercial provide crucial is of structures the success to commercial to access Pedestrian unify a district and of the commercial pedestrianto character Sidewalkscontribute personal interaction. walking and for or maintenance, the based preservation, appeal upon a streetscape’s diminish or to contribute Sidewalks either can areas. the walkway. of location Sidewalks 106

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING 3. character. taken driveways 2. Parkingshouldbelocatedonthesideorrearofstructuresinaccordancewithhistoric construction.Access 1. Guidelines decks affectthehistoriccharacterofadistrictandshouldbecarefullyconsidered. parking All Decks 6-29 Facilities andParking Parking

The On-street

properties

to height

facilities properly

to

parking

and these

typically

and

buffer placement

rear

is

On-street decks.

acceptable,

have or

these

side

parking

The

of a

lots

means

parking parking

significance

is

but with

acceptable

of parking

vegetation facilities

decks both

in

the

of pedestrian

should

commercial facilities

these

should

that

features be

district.

is

located

be

carefully and

compatible

kept

vehicular

is

along

at often

considered minimum

with

the overlooked,

access,

front

the

dimensions.

by

historic

with facade

the

but

vehicular

city

are district parking

and

prohibited. Steps

compatible

access of

facilities

should the

through

be and

with

107

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING

in

given

should

has

fencing

include

property construction

boundaries examples

and

New

define

Existing to

corridor

openness.

fencing of

of preserved.

be

commercial lack

The

main Iron is a recommended fence material in the commercial district. Although fences are rare in the commercial district, any existing fences should Although fences are rare in the commercial district, be maintained. should

characteristic

the

area.

in

fences

and

existing sidewalk

distinguishing

commercial

but the

the

preserved

types. raised

in

a be prohibited.

on district

fence are

fencing

should wall

of

characteristic,

fences

historic

to fences

link commercial

retaining

examples a style

dominant

metal

historic Grove

few and

or this

along

are

Locust

height Plastic Existing

4. Wood, iron, or other historic materials are 4. Wood, iron, or other historic recommended. in 3. 2. Fence construction is only allowed along retaining is only allowed along retaining 2. Fence construction similar to the street and should be walls that are close 1. protected. Guidelines consider fencing district. behind the commercial the lots There the Fences 6-30 Fences 108

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING 4. 3. Retainingwallmaterialsshouldbeconsistentwithhistoricwallsindesign,materials, and scale. 2. Preserveexistingretainingwallsandfences. 1. Retainingwallsarerecommendedwhenthestreetelevationislowerthan ofthebuildings. Guidelines structure visual designed The Retaining Walls6-31

Retaining

topography

continuity

used to

hold walls The

to

materials of

sloping along support

should

an

area of

the a

ground retaining follow the

often streetscape.

raised wall

leads the

in should

place

pedestrian natural

to

In be

the

and

Locust compatible

topography construction

prevent

sidewalk.

Grove, with the

erosion. surrounding

and the

of

retaining existing

be

Aesthetically,

designed historic

retaining

walls, character.

to

minimize which

retaining

wall

are is

a

visual

walls structures brick

can material impact.

provide

that

are

a

109

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING

help the

area,

to a

for an

flower

of species,

in areas

gravel,

unharmonious enhance

or

to quality

planters,

park. similar

grass and

be gathering

separate as

public

a

features to

of site.

such

and central should

the monuments,

character

appeal serve

as

the

the

from also

used surfaces,

materials

augment

be vegetation

They

can receptacles,

asphalt. can

removed

determines

pleasing trash and

and

permeable

Furniture

been

of often

enjoyment. replacement

has

concrete and

parks

that new, bicyclists,

lampposts,

aesthetically like

and

and and

and

preponderance

recreation, a benches,

Grove.

spaces

vegetation

materials as

community

rest, historic preserved

Locust

pedestrians of

public be such for include

popular historic

of a for

is

shall any residents unsuitable

tree

spaces should

for to

space

incorporate Features

spot telling

treatment

shall

natural story materials

minimize

The corridor

The gathering vegetation placement

as and

park parks

experience.

act and provide

Public Public Existing

3. visitor’s beds, and murals shall be considered. drainage mass, 2. Guidelines 1. community. features. maintain these be taken to all efforts should therefore Parks areas, Parks 6-32 Parks 110

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING that 5. public 4. 3. prohibited. 2. 1. Preserveoriginalretainingwallsandfenceswheretheyexist. Guidelines with Disabilities Act and Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards. commercial areas should of free be obstacles and accessible to people with disabilities inaccordance with Americans the Consideration for of needs the people with planning disabilities when of design the is necessary any commercial site. All Americans withDisabilitiesAct(ADA)Accessibility6-33

Construct The The If

a are

ramp

ramp ramp right

in

keeping

must

of should connection the

way.

ramp

be

with

be constructed

with

The located

must historic

location

as

be much

on of

materials. reversible. ramps to

the

access

freestanding

should side

a or be

structure,

on

rear

the

side

of structure

or the

rear the

structure

of

removal

a

as

structure

possible,

to

to or

have have

alteration

using minimal

minimal

materials visual

of

impact.

any visual

historic

(such

impact

metal

features

from

railings)

the

is

111

COMMERCIAL SITE & SETTING

RESIDENTIAL GUIDELINES SECTION 7 SECTION 114

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION 115

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

the

of a

Although

either

encompass

process. future

the

in

review

If

guidelines

design

Grove.

the

following

for

Locust the

of

used

be

City

areas.

the

both should

for

characteristics,

to

unique

applied identified guidelines

be

possess can

districts

following

that

the

districts

residential

philosophy

residential designated,

proposed

locally

two

is proposed preservation

are

two

the general There districts Residential District Overview 7-1 Overview District Residential 116

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

117 RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION RESIDENTIAL 118

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION information 5. building. reconstruct 4. kind 3. 2. Removalofnon-historicelementsthatobscureahistoricfaçadeisencouraged. 1. Guidelines: buildings finishes historic Rehabilitation meet character-defining The Residential RehabilitationOverview7-2

If Replacement Repair Do

a integrity

and

the

not historic

architectural enhance

changing is

type cover Replication, in

always the

exists, good

of

feature

(often of

historic

historic or a

a exteriors

historic

repair

reconstruction

building’s features. needs a preferred

simplified referred

character

is if

elements

features missing, done

attracts

of residential

should

modern Locust

over historic to with

of

interpretation

as

with

business use

as

is the

ensure replacement.

in-kind). care,

Grove’s accurately only

lifestyles

documentation

building

district. character new

helps

appropriate the

and materials

residential

visual

Repairs

and

of is maintain positively as

and

Repair

insured similar

possible

businesses

integrity

make

that of

if or

buildings damaged

the a

the

features

alterations by permanently affects historic

it using

building’s

historic the compatible

of

occupying

identification, the

the appropriate

should feature have areas

building integrity that appearance

historic

alter

naturally with

with

retain

be the is

damaged considered. the

elements

structures. and materials surrounding of

form maintenance,

historic

structure.

the

of

undergone be

the

building.

to compatible

beyond

and replicate

area and features,

structures. materials

as design

changes and

repair. a

it.

whole. with

materials, preservation

If

of

no

of

If

over the

the

Keeping

so, the such

overall historic

time

and same

of

to

its

119

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

covers

energy

materials. or

applied

the

building

is

the

historic affects improve

removes

into

to

insulation unwanted

seep either way

the

to adversely

building’s

that Tip:

the siding

This trapping

water

effective

sure

for

Green cost Be

barrier,

synthetic

features. damaging

allows most

vapor

the comfort.

avoid a

applying to as

and

often of

act architectural

is installation

-

can

process

efficiency floors historic

Why synthetic siding should not be used on historic structures: should not be used on historic Why synthetic siding appropriately Insulating a house - the outer walls, roof, attic, windows, doors, and - the outer walls, roof, attic, windows, Insulating a house -It can mask deterioration underneath that sometimes causes serious causes that sometimes deterioration underneath mask -It can structural damage -Improper causing rot -Siding moisture. -The up aesthetic integrity of a historic structure.

is

they and

that from

unless

paint

stampings,

previously

physically

as Masonry maintained

be been

avoided

remove

(such

be

not or

maintained. methods

appropriate.

should be

unpainted.

not have

clean

should is

to materials

that cleaning

should

remain

plaques) and

or walls

Harsh

sandblast

should painted appearance applications

elements

Stain Never Masonry

engravings, preserved. 7. Elements highlighting the history of buildings or 7. Elements highlighting the history their 6. Adding elements to a building to give it a false 6. Adding elements to a building historic 5. Restoration of historic architectural details is 5. Restoration of historic architectural documented. encouraged when they can be 4. structure. are the historic treatment for the buildings. damage masonry. 3. 2. painted already 1. Historic exterior building surfaces should not be building surfaces should 1. Historic exterior or new materials, such as wood covered over with stucco, or stone. vinyl siding, synthetic Guidelines Exterior materials of Locust Grove’s historic buildings are character-defining elements and should be retained whenever retained whenever be should and elements character-defining are buildings historic Locustof Grove’s materials Exterior still are and some been painted, have Some woodor exterior. brick a with building residential one sees a often, Most possible. is replacement When replaced. than rather repaired and maintained be should materials historic These existing unpainted. and design, shape, size, in composition, similar material is, with that in-kind, replace to made be should all effort necessary, texture. Historic Building Materials 7-3 Materials Building Historic 120

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION foundation fromthemodern. and In thosecases,itisrecommendedthatCMUs berecessed where concretemasonryunits(CMUs)have beenused. 4. be visible. the the attempt 3. covered, obscuredorremoved. possible. 2. character andnatureoftheoriginal. Foundation rehabilitationshouldcloselymatchthe many ofthearchitecturalstylesfoundinLocustGrove. 1. Guidelines foundations Historic Foundations 7-4

Paint If Brick The

piers historic

it painted

is visible

piers

and should necessary foundations

should Additionally,

brick

stucco in on

should foundation texture, -Periodically -Insure foundation. -Periodically

a

open be

be

dark and

made

to

are recessed

there

be strength

in enclose brick

mortar color

to

Locust brick maintained

to

inspect check is is be

pylons

proper match an as

avoided and to

open work piers

to

for

important Grove allow

mortar appearance.

differentiate

ventilation proper

the are

foundations, should and

and

except

the

vary color commonly joints.

the drainage.

restored

historic element

not

in

somewhat

infill and

Repoint in

the

the

be cases

style an basement between Pooling

piers when

found historic Maintenance of

mortar

of

based

to

water

throughout

or

if

crawl it

up is

can Tips:

deteriorating

the spaces cause

style

the

serious

to Inappropriate Appropriate

community. allow

of

with

the damage

moisture

mortar

house.

porch

porch

to

foundation. of

a foundation. to

However,

building’s the

escape.

same

Front

Front

color,

view. raised

view.

121

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

is

of

: improve

Tip

windows occupants.

efficiency

historic only

Green not

historic energy

will also raise the comfort level of a

will historic windows, but historic windows, structure’s the exterior storm windows exterior storm Adding either interior or Adding either windows: Restoring

Replacing structure.

historic

the building.

of

building. replace

a view.

historic

in

of

than integrity

Front

costs. loss

air

restore features

of opening.

to

energy

architectural 10% on

window better

the

is only save window.

the

it

to fit

for

Why way maintain character-defining historic

should

are account the

help

shutters

efficient

an

-Installing storm windows over historic windows reduces air loss in a building while -Installing storm windows over historic windows reduces air loss in a protecting -Windows windows -Windows not Window The sash division on storm windows should match the window division The sash division on storm windows should

of that

nature

they must

they

nature

When

windows

historic panes

present, existed.

possible historic with

the

are

repaired. not the

with is window

bars and

with

replaced

previously

keep

be

keep

they and burglar

If Decorative

that 7. Shutters should not be added to 7. Shutters should not be added windows where there is no evidence 6. Shutters should match the size of the 6. Shutters should match the size where window and be located in areas they can function. 5. Exterior storm windows, when 5. Exterior storm windows, when match needed, should have sashes that the existing windows, but are generally to be avoided. 4. must be on the inside of the windows. must the neighborhood. 3. and be within the existing casements 2. Windows may not be tinted or 2. Windows may there is evidence of colored unless windows. existing decorative of the building. should in both style and match the original size 1.Historic wooden windows should be should be wooden windows 1.Historic maintained rehabilitation Guidelines Windows, Storm Windows, and Shutters 7-5 Shutters and Windows, Storm Windows, 122

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION door. recommended 7. size, possible, 6. Whenrehabilitationofthehistoricscreendoorsisnot possible. 5. Historicscreendoorsshouldbemaintainedwhen 4. Stormdoorglassshouldnotbetintedorcolored. recommended. historic doors.Full-lengthclearglassstormdoorsare 3. Stormdoorsshouldnotobscureordistractfromthe size, possible, 2. Whenrehabilitationofahistoricdoorisnot 1. Guidelines Doors, Storm Doors, and Screen Doors 7-6 historic house, but just from as as easily detract it. Doors are an important character-defining feature the exteriorof of ahistoric house.Doors can enhancethe character of a

Re-screening Historic

shape, shape,

the the

doors

and paneling,

replacement replacement

rather

a

screening

shall screen

than

and be

door's

maintained

should should

pattern. material. replacing

historic

match match

the

when

frame

the the entire

possible. historic historic

is

screen

strongly

in in

Appropriate

and

inappropriate

storm

doors. Jackson Street found onvarioushouseslikethisone for theLocustGroveareaandcanbe This

style

Front

of

historic view.

door

is

typical

123

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION Chimney

Grove

Locust

Typical

to

brick when

made

with

be

repaired

done

replicated.

and be

should

be

should

should Repairs

maintained

be

detailing

chimney.

replacement

this should

the

and of

top

the Repairs Chimneys

4. Chimneys should not be removed or obscured by 4. Chimneys should not be removed stucco. non-historic materials, including match these features. When a chimney requires When a chimney requires match these features. replacement, 3. Many houses in this area have detailed brickwork in this area have detailed brickwork 3. Many houses at 2. match the historic materials. and mortar that 1. needed. Guidelines Guidelines The historic houses of Locust Grove feature brick chimneys, many with decorative brickwork. While the houses consistently consistently Whilehouses the brickwork. decorative with chimneys,many brick feature of Grove Locust houses historic The varies. in the roofline of the location chimneys, have Chimneys 7-7 Chimneys 124

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION historic element to thecharacterofLocustGrove. This houseslocatedonJacksonStreet useslargeroofshinglestobringsaunique 5. Dormersarerecommendedonlytobeaddedhousesthathistoricallyhadthisfeature. 4. 3. materials 2. 1. Guidelines Grove essential elementshavetheabilitytochangeLocustGrove’shistoriccharacter.Manyof the buildingsinLocust community. Althoughnewtechnologiesandmaterialsarechanginghowsocietylives,alterationsofsuch fundamentally Roof Roof

If Skylights Roof Roof

Solar

material

have

pitch materials Material

are panels

must metal,

should not

and

changes

are

historically should not

pitch asphalt,

not installed

an be

a are

visible be be d

structure

or altered repaired essential Pi

compatible,

they composite

tch from

must when and

or elements public

replaced that

be

roof repaired. historically

out

view structure’s

materials.

to

of

with

defining

and the

If

a

compatible

public must in-kind

repair

respective

architectural

not

view

is

materials When

obstruct necessary, shingles.

materials

and character

replacing

shades, thussavingmoneyonenergybills. not

style.

Lighter historic the

and obstruct need

roof defining

a

To

shingle

colors in

to

to alter pitch.

the

the

be the

Green will

roof,

event elements

such

considered house.

roof

reflect

consider Tip:

a

that pitch.

defining

more

within

present

the

for

light

color

replacement.

feature the

than

roof

of

larger

the darker

new 7-

8

125

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

building.

grain.

and

building’s historic

the

The

of

quality,

brick.

siding.

or

repairing.

elements

wood and

shape,visual

for

clapboard

size,

decorative

replacing

up wood

materials

historic

are

when

cover

the

or

mind

in match buildings

replacement

This houses front gable on Jackson Street maintained its historic detailing to maintain the This houses front gable on Jackson Street maintained historic character of Locust Grove. obstruct as

kept

is

should

a not be

Grove’s the

used

when

spall.

and paint be

when

removed will

should should

Portland Locust

not

repointing If be

of remove

or brick

in-kind compresses

to

stretches

be the

it should should

material

it materials contract.

water mortar

and restoring majority

or

brick,

should siding

based The

when

masonry

necessary, weather expand

historic

is

Lime

used siding

hot not low-pressure

and

replacement

with be

in

synthetic technique. Tips:

paint

does character.

Using used

and siding

chimney. is

should and

expand

preferred

removing

Vinyl Replacement

mortar cement historic bricks cement is a bricks contracts in the cold. Portland than historic modern mortar that is much harder mortar -Historic brick is soft and therefore soft, lime-based -Historic brick is soft and therefore masonry. the to clean masonry. -Sandblasting should never be used not damage the -If removing mortar, use tools that will brick -If not damage the from brick using a technique that will Maintenance 4. 2. 3.Appropriate 1. Historic siding and masonry should be maintained. 1. Historic siding historic Guidelines Siding and masonry are major visual elements of a historic building. To alter or change this may detract from the from may detract this or change alter To building. a historic of elements visual are major masonry and Siding building’s Siding and Masonry 7-9 Masonry and Siding 126

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION added toadded houses that historically donot have specific architectural details. Grove3. Although Locust different has several houses, style architectural details located in one area shouldborrowed notbe or 2. No additional architectural details should to added emphasize be architectural afalse style. 1. Architectural details of houses should maintained be and repaired. Guidelines the housewasbuilt. Architectural Architectural Details 7-10 house. Keep

details

details

that

reflect of

historic

the

style

of houses

the

in

Locust

Groves

define

the

style

of

the

house

and

period

of

time

in

which

127

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

a and

to can the

as

with

are

to

porch.

porches

water house

become such the

posts structure

of

flashed the

detrimental associated Gove,

wood be porch

correctly, that

recommended. eventually framing elements

the

can

sure properly

Locust

problems will

in and piers

installed make

reused. indicate strongly

Tips:

entering

to is

not collect

to tight

be underlying foundations. brick

common or

be

in are

from

the

can Architectural

lists porch

However,

enter as

causing decay. important damp water

should

Maintenance is can

damage maintenance

porch. It

roof floorboards

house.

masonry

Rising following and

If

a the prevent rot. water

documentation material

The

of The Routine is

will them

joints: roof:

where

repair encased.

This there

to

original decay. eventually

porches. place porch through

character for

wall. will

used properly Any

-The -The foundation: Any wood that is in direct contact with the ground -The foundation: Any wood that is seep much unless site -Vulnerable

side be

as

historical added

repair should

be

the

and not

house

Keep maintain

should

to

historic

on

open

porches necessary.

is used on

remain

open. what

details

material

should remain

replace

same

should

Only Porches Decorative The

Porches 5. Porches should not be enclosed with glass or other solid material such as brick. 5. Porches should not be enclosed may be screened on the front and sides. may be screened on the front 3. 4. 2. would have details. 1. retained. and columns should be brackets, trimming, Guidelines Porches 7-11 Porches Porches provide a leisurely outdoor living space. In Locust Grove, porches on historic structures help define the architectural architectural define the help structures historic on porches Locust In Grove, space. living outdoor a leisurely provide Porches the house. of era style and 128

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION 129

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

COMMERCIAL PURPOSES COMMERCIAL FOR STRUCTURES USED FOR FOR STRUCTURES RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION REHABILITATION RESIDENTIAL 130

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION parking, following Neighborhood, cial Houses Appropriate Overview 7-12

uses

can

without ADA

guidelines

easily

residential

accessibility

many

compromising

be

address rehabilitated

houses

rehabilitation

and

elements have

signage.

the

to been

residential

accommodate

maintains

unique

successfully

to

character

the residential

the

historic rehabilitated

modern

of

the

structures integrity

structure. family

to

support

and

as used

well characteristics As

for

commercial seen

as

commercial

be

in

adapted

the

of Historic

programs.

the

purposes

to

neighborhood. support

Mixed-Use

The

such

commer

as

- 131

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

Grove.

driveways

or

and

for Locust

wide

in

lot

too

parking

use

and used

example

being pave

character.

an

character.

to by

commercial

shows for

driveway materials

how

of

Street

residential building

driveway residential

paving

Jackson

widths with

deciding on

with

historic

and appropriate

house

when common an the

This of in a residential area of

buildings

buildings

most

materials

the

used

community measurements

are

the commercial composition

commercial

of all

for specific asphalt

for visual commonly

for

and

the

most

preferred

from the development

concrete are

are Ordinances

recommended ambulances).

detract is

&

cases,

historical

Grove not

Asphalt entrances

the most truck

parking of In

and

rear

fire Locust

should

to and

(i.e.

Side Concrete Off-street Paving essential.

7.Refer areas. commercial buildings in residential 6. There must be a minimum amount of room for adequate turning radii for commercial and noncommercial amount of room for adequate turning radii for commercial 6. There must be a minimum needs 5. 4. Parking lots shall be located next to or behind commercial structures with residential character. commercial structures with shall be located next to or behind 4. Parking lots 2. 3. 1. of the building. existing at the front Guidelines Knowledge is Parking and Driveways 7-13 Driveways and Parking 132

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION residence. 3. of 2. 1. Guidelines Fire

Fire New Fire public

Escapes escapes escapes

fire

view.

escapes

on should

the

required

exterior

not

be

by added

should

the

fire unless

be

code

constructed

they

of

safety are

required

in

code

a

simple

should

by

Locust design

be

placed

Grove’s that

is

on

compatible

fire the

code side

or or

with

rear safety

the of

code. the

historic

house,

7-

out 14

133

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

with

to

used in

commercial

used accordance any

commercial

ramps

in of

for

used materials

design

impact.

are

the

the disabilities

Accessibility

impact. visual but

that

with house.

minimal the planning visual

Standards. people on

have

the materials,

structures

to

to

when

of

used

structure

a

minimize of

variety

Accessibility accessible residential a

necessary to

material rear

is or

and

the with

side

house

Federal historic

the

with to built

the on

be

of be

obstacles disabilities

of Uniform

added

can should rear

with

be or free

and

compatible

that

ramps

be of

be side

Act

people

should

the ramps of

location

should of

on

should

The

needs

disabled areas Disabilities built

types

ramp

the

be

the with

for

of

several

should

physically

are commercial

the

All

Americans

Ramps There

2. 1. construction Guidelines the assist purposes. Consideration site. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility 7-15 Accessibility (ADA) Act Disabilities with Americans 134

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION 8. 7. or 6. 5. 4. Thesignmustbesetbackaminimumof10ft.fromelectricaltransmissionlines. 3. Thesignmustbesetback5ft.fromtherightaway. 2. Thesignableareashouldbeamaximumof10sq.ft.Therecanonlyonesignonthe lot. 1. LocustGrove’sgroundsignsshouldbeamaximumof4ft.highand5ft.wide. Guidelines The ordinancecentersongroundsigns. Locust Signs Signage 7-16

The No Externally Reflectors shines

projecting for

material

Grove

residential into

and illuminated

(15.24.070 the

used

sign lights

eyes

structures

in may

of

are signage

and

motorists signs

be

permitted

Chart placed

shall used should

15.24.080, or

be over for

location This

on pedestrians

compatible lighted

permanent

ground sign

streets,

is

of lots

so the

signs.

alleys,

proper zoned

that so

with

commercial

as

no size

to

or the RA,

and lights

create ways

house.

is R-1,

installed

are purposes

available

a R-2,

hazardous

positioned

at

the R-3,

proper

should

for RD,

or vehicular

in RMH

dangerous

such follow

(where

a

traffic. manner the

condition. Sign

residence

that Ordinance

light

is

on

glares

lot). set

by

135

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION 136

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION

137 RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION RESIDENTIAL 138

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION Commission fortheCityofLocustGroveisencouraged. Since uniting materials, that relatethemtoeachother.Somesimilaritiesmayincludethescaleofbuilding,uniformity insitelocation, Districts. additions an Guidelines district. strengthen New construction district when surrounding historicneighborhoodortheycandiminishthecharacterofarea.Thesamebesaid New Residential NewConstructionOverview7-17

exact

buildings construction

most constructing

or component

replication

Regardless

are it and

the new for

can

into

compatible

Since tions The help one attention form new

visual solve

construction disrupt

the

in

can patterns

a

define

that construction

of respect and

characteristics

visible of a

neighborhood, the integrity

a historic gain

the

to the ties historic

rhythm.

problem with

the each

varied

obtained an the visual addition the

can

predominant

the district understanding of

integrity

block historic

building.

are be This the

of ages, existing continuity

differ

a

not

the empty block should to

should

complex consistency can

a

types, district

outcome intended of

within historic

Rather,

either

historic face

the

lots physical

be

be and

of

and neighborhood undertaking,

used and

together. and

given

the be the

building of

a guidelines to

may buildings styles

unified

an

help this Locust

holes

possible inhibit and to

when asset

either ensure

process

to among developmental

in the

streetscape. Grove establish

change

by

early planning the

that serve

. patterns be

project

that creating

city’s can these found

define

consultation

residential

as

new or

be

a

a

can

of

to overall new buildings,

feeling

way in

a By

buildings

construction the

similarities dictate characteristics positive

the either

allowing structures.

character of

districts,

immediate fabric;

of

ensuring with

a

enhance

cohesiveness they

specific one that

and which the hence

and

of for

still

By complement particular

of

that Historic

the

incorporating

streetscape

a

the doing

new architectural

an retain

historic they could

Locust new

historic area.

within addi

this, have

Preservation shared

buildings

building

- Grove the

or

district. the the

new style be

features

historic ability

a Historic

and

and or

to

139

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION

to 18

7- order

in

placed

face are

and

block

the

setback on

shallow patterns

a

have

predominant neighborhood.

typically above.

the the

from

in

View reflect

properties

patterns houses.

should

historic

surrounding

placement

buildings

match district,

not

new

historic

does of

of

residential setback

location

rhythm

Grove

and the

Inappropriate Locust

setback

preserve the

In The

similarly on the lot and orientated towards the same street as other contributing houses on the block face. same street as other contributing lot and orientated towards the similarly on the 3. 1. Setback refers to how far back the building is from the street and side lot lines. the street and building is from far back the refers to how 1. Setback 2. help Guidelines: Guidelines: Setback is the distance from the main street lot line and the front of the building. building. of the the front and lot line street the main from distance is the Setback Setbacks 140

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION The 5. historic buildings. wider 4. appropriate 3. 2. 1. Guidelines Spacing

In Front Spacing Facade Spacing

house

the

façade

on

widths Locust

the proportions

in between

right

spacing.

the can

is of Grove

spaced

historic be

new

historic

broken

to

and

residential

buildings closely

district

the

houses into

to

the spacing

separate varies other

should district,

should

house.

of with

be

historic

elements Front historic

not

compatible

the

view.

be

size

buildings

altered properties

that

of

the with suggest

by

lot.

should

new

the are

Similar

front

widths

equally construction.

be

widths

consistent properties

of

spaced

existing

similar

from along

should

historic

to

adjacent

the those

be

streetscape.

buildings;

used

of

buildings.

neighboring

to

determine

however,

7-

19

a

141

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION

surrounding

Main

the

street.

street within

the

the

to

towards

orientation

relation

in

oriented

building

be

building

a

historic should

of

of

district

facades.

pattern entrance

the

front

within principal

the

traditional

of

these the

buildings

along

follow

placement new

of

the

located

should to

be

facades

refers

should

construction

principal

New Orientation The

Houses should be oriented the same way. View from above. Orientation 7-20 Orientation area. entryways 3. 1. 2. Guidelines 142

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION New buildings oftheneighborhood. Therefore, scale” 4. equally 3. properties. Additional height shouldbenotallerthanthetallestandshortershortestcontributinghouses ontheblockface. 2. Limitthenumberofstoriesnewconstructiontobeequaladjacentstructuresoneither side.Building 1. Guidelines Scale 7-21

In Similarities New

construction

the

where

construction important.

Locust

the

stories

to

door

respect

in scale

Grove

height,

are

and

the

and

should

existing

not

residential window

width height

permitted

scale

be

and

of of of

openings,

the

similar district, new

surrounding proportions

if

the buildings

height,

building proposed building

structures.

among

width should

height height,

Front building

historic and

view. be

varies

and

in

proportions

appears harmony

features, the

between

dimensions

out

with

as such

one of

surrounding

scale this

as and

of

the

existing

details with two

presence

stories surrounding

historic

are pattern

all

of and

in porches, buildings.

of

has proportion.

the

historic

a

historic “human

are

143

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION 144

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION

145 RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION RESIDENTIAL ADDITIONS RESIDENTIAL 146

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION location andsurroundinghistoricdistrict. architecture characteristics ofthehistoricbuildingandsurroundingstructures.LocustGrovefeaturesseveralstyles The Overview 7-22

placement

that

of

vary

an

addition

from

block

should

to

block;

be

carried

as

a

result,

out

without

each

addition

compromising

should

be the

reviewed

historic

character

within

the

and

context

design

of

its

147

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION

in

lower

and addition

patterns

An

streets,

corner right-of-way.

character.

the

dominant

public building.

public

from

the with

the

from

of

building’s

inset

from

rear

are visible

the consistent

historic

not

visible to be

walls appropriately.

the are

are

new

scaled they should

alters

they

is

preferably it

site) façade,

if

a

ensure where

view, on

and

or

front

permanently

the added,

public

façade, are

This

the from

vistas.

placement

discernible), front

back from

be

scenic

to screening set

additions. or

is away

historic

it (directional

type

if the

rooftop

on

located

or mechanical

be viewpoints,

building

or

orientation

acceptable

floors

additions be

should

full historic

pedestrian skylights, may

the locate add

addition’s

side addition not not

new decks,

the A Do Do If An

Additions should be located in the back. 5. 3. 4. prominent (allowing 2. 1. to roof Guidelines Orientation and Location 7-23 Location and Orientation 148

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION exterior 2. portion 1. Guidelines Scale 7-24

Continue Respect

does materials,

the

characteristics

not

proportions

dominate

including

Inappropriately of of the

roof the the

building

building

historic materials)

scaled

and/or

building

to rear

to which

addition.

complement

the

(height,

an site.

addition

massing,

the

existing is

being

rhythm

made structure

of

so

openings,

the

and

newly

surrounding

and

constructed

general

buildings.

types

of

149

RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION

the

the

more the

it are

by

from

make

to detract back

compromising

elements existed.

differentiating

not achieved

be do architectural

attempt

while without

additions

can the an

they

historically in

so

preferred This

setting is

building

respect removed

none

character-defining as

be

property

and well

building.

where properties

should historic

building

as could

it the

the

of

of historic facades

existed

materials date

building.

the (non-historic) detailing,

side

a

side

later of (non-historic)

or of or

a

integrity

historic

at

part of

previously rear

and/or

front

façade for

that

the

on

none so

to

color,

front amount

architectural non-contributing

a the

where

non-contributing mistaken

to and balconies

to

addition

material, not

with or Placement

an is in

minimum

a it

details dormers

flush

that that

alterations

plane. building. staircases

so

so construct

characteristics

and

historical wall addition

functional

differentiation

an of historic

design false porches,

addition addition possible,

the

slight the

the additions the make add add

of

building’s

of

addition

not not not

Do Do Do The Design Design Whenever Respect

7. 8. 6. 5. integrity 4. historic district. further from the character of the 3. or destroyed. obscured, damaged, historic integrity of the building. historic integrity historic 2. 1. design providing Guidelines Design 7-25 Design 150

RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION

151 RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING RESIDENTIAL 152

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING components. paths, an Site be planning These neighborhood. The Site andSettingOverview7-26

sensitive individual

characteristics historic

elements and

rehabilitation

landscaping.

to site

property

the

This have and

existing are

includes, setting a

specific

direct

to or

Setting

the

new features

elements

relationship surrounding

but

to development

elements

an

is

on

individual not

of

the

a limited

residential with may property

properties

within

include the property

to

items physical

that Locust

district

and

curbing

exemplify such whereas

public

Grove’s structures

helps

as

material,

walkways, space.

setting

define the

historic

located historic

Site

street

characteristics the

landscaping, residential

elements unique

around

characteristic trees,

and characteristics

them. may

districts,

refer

other fences,

include

of

Due to

the streetscape

the

the and

to

district.

walls,

relationship of

owner this,

driveways.

the

when

fences,

much

of

153

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING

house

7-27 a shield

of

north

side

the

to

south

the

on planted

trees trees

deciduous Evergreen

winter.

Planting

the

in

sun

structure.

Tip:

historic

Green a maximum

for

around

buildings from winter winds. allow

and

vegetation

days

other

summer

and

hot,

trees

of

during

shade

placement

the

provide

will Consider Landscaping 8. Consult with the City Arborist or a licensed Landscape Architect before beginning any work. work. beginning any before a licensed Architect Landscape or Arborist the City with 8. Consult 7. All new development projects must make arrangements prior to start of construction to protect and preserve historic preserve historic and protect to construction start of to prior arrangements make must projects 7. All new development features. landscape 6. If a historic tree is removed, a new one must be planted in its place. place. in its be planted must a new one removed, is tree a historic 6. If 5. Trees should only be removed if they are either dead, diseased, or are a public safety threat. threat. safety a public diseased, dead, are either or if they are be removed only should 5. Trees 4. All tree removal must comply with the City Ordinance, Chapter 12.12 and 15.38. 12.12 and Chapter Ordinance, the City with comply must 4. All removal tree 3. Historic trees, shrubs, and ground covering should be preserved. should covering ground shrubs, and trees, 3. Historic 2. All proposed landscape development should reflect the historic character of district.the character reflect historic the should development landscape 2. All proposed 1. Proposed plant material should be native species. be native should material plant 1. Proposed Guidelines Landscaping is an important feature of the historic district. It is a unifying element that enhances the overall character of a of character the overall enhances that a unifying is element district. It the historic of feature important an is Landscaping to relationship its as well as the site of be respectful should the topography the landscape of of Development neighborhood. properties. surrounding as well the as house of styleto the the be designshould The sensitive structure. the historic 154

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING 3. 2. 1. Newlyconstructedretainingwallsshouldbebuiltoutofstoneorbrick. Guidelines: built There Retaining

If They

applicable,

to

are

stop should

very

Inappropriate soil

few

Wa not an

from

appropriate

protrude examples lls

and eroding

appropriate

more

of

over

fence

retaining

height

than

and

may

of

retaining

6-inches area

walls be

where installed

wall

within

over

compared

a

change the

on the

to

natural top

natural residential

in of

slope

slope a

slope retaining

of

the

districs is

of

landscape. desired.

the

wall.

landscape. of

Side

Locust

view.

Grove.

Retaining

walls 7-

28 are

155

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING

of fencing

void.

Within yards be that

will

front Chain-link

means

district.

the

fence iron.

in

This or

the

of

fences ratio.

residential wood

of

of

percent

lack

50 historic

visibility

either

a

The

of

50:50

another.

a

to

remaining feature.

setting

constructed

The and

be practice

view.

property

site

Front

must must fence. prominent

one the

a

ratio.

the of

not of

from

visibility

are

flow

porch 50:50 right-of-way right-of-way

percent

the

fences

50

characteristic front

public public

practice

continual the

material. cover the the

district

preserved must

the

be

to only

important

from from

Fences

enclose

fencing an

must

not must

residential are

visible visible

fences contributes

should

fences

material fences fences

Grove’s

inappropriate

New New Fences Historic an

4. fencing 3. is 2. 1. properties Guidelines Historic Locust Fences 7-29 Fences 156

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING 2. 1. Guidelines brick. most In historic Existing Paving Material7-30

Concrete Gravel, the

widely

early

district.

historic

brick

may 20th

used

and

paving be The century

paving

stained concrete

first

materials

when

widely material.

but

are

personal the

all used

for

color

appropriate Not

sidewalks

paving

only cars of

the

were was

material

stain

or paving

it

becoming driveways

easier must

was

materials.

be to

brick.

lay approved. more

provide

but

However, widely

it

provided good

available,

insight

over

for

time

into a

poured

much

brick

the

smoother

development

concrete became

expensive.

became ride

of

than

the

the

157

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING

31

7- fence

house.

the

to

appropriate

an

or

built. relationship

in

was

vegetation

house location

a

and

evergreen

which

in

either

with

period configuration

the

view

street.

public

the appropriate

determine

to

from

helps

hidden historically

house be

perpendicular

and

must

maintain run

nfiguration road

house Co

the

a

should should

to

of

front

Driveways should not be located in the front of the house. View from above. the Driveways Driveways

Driveway in or wall. 3. Driveways should not be located in front of the house. If there is not a feasible alternative, driveways installed alternative, driveways of the house. If there is not a feasible not be located in front 3. Driveways should 1. 2. Guidelines Driveways became a necessity with the invention of vehicular travel. Where the driveway is located in located is the driveway Where travel. of vehicular the invention with a necessity became Driveways relationship 158

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING driveways andlotsforcommercialbuildingsinresidentialareas. needs 5. Theremustbeaminimumamountofroomforadequateturningradiicommercial andnoncommercial 4. Parkinglotsshouldbelocatednextorbehindcommercialstructureswithresidentialcharacter. 3. or businessusesshouldnotbelocatedinthefrontyard. 2. 1. Guidelines Parking 7-32

Do Locate Off-street

not

(i.e. Driveways

parking park

fire

parking

trucks vehicles

should

at

the not

and is

be

or recommended rear

located

ambulances). construct

of

in

the

front

building

of parking

the

for

property. Refer

all

or pads

commercial

to

use View

Locust

in

available from

front

above.

Grove

building

yards.

on-street

Ordinance

Parking

with

spaces.

residential

for and

specific

loading

character.

measurements

areas

for

home

and

occupantion

widths

of

159

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING

to

33 7-

have

right-of-way

public

walkways

house.

from

the house.

route the

and properties,

walkways.

of

addition

for

most street

door shortest

house the

into

the

front

the

materials

appropriate to

the

an

between to

provide

driveway is

scale

paving

above.

the

from of

house

typically driveway

View the

the configuration and

of

appropriate

appropriate

house.

an use

the from are

front of

to

historic incorporation

be the

scale

route the the

to

concrete

pedestrian

should

Since appropriate and

for

an

maintain

additional of driveway

only be

an house.

the nfirguration walkway

are

for should the

should

fieldstone,

the Co

of

from

of

allow

brick,

Walkways door to

walkways

width walkways

walkway

front

The Gravel, A The

3. 4. 2. 1. adapted Guidelines Private the Walkway 160

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING or concretecurbingshouldbeinstalled. Within theresidentialdistrictsofLocustGrove,thereisnostreetcurbing.Ifcurbingaddedinfuture,stone 7-34 Curbing Street 161

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING

to

type, prior

built

house

was

that popular

Guidelines. the

house

a

became

maintained.

be

Construction

houses

accompany

New

should house.

property. ranch

the

scale the

of

commonly of when

and

Residential

back most

1950s the element

the to

location and

in above.

refer

from

Their 1940s

connected outbuilding

View located a

the

please

as be and

property.

preserved. During

the

garage,

should

of garages

be

designed

back new

a

the

were

century. in of

should

detached

outbuilding

ports located

be

and car garages

Grove,

or

should

construction

mid-nineteenth

Locust For Garages Historic

Garages 3. 2. 1. garages Guidelines In the Garages and Outbuildings 7-35 Outbuildings and Garages 162

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING inappropriate 4. 3. 2. Newlightingshouldbeinstalledinlocationsthatdonotinterferewiththehistoricrhythm ofthehouse. 1. Guidelines can beinstalledastonotdisturbthehistoriccharacteroffrontfaçadehouse. environment. Exterior Exterior Lighting 7-36

Simple, Security Existing

lighting

modern

historic lighting

period Typically,

is

lighting

lighting used may

for

be

not the the

fixtures installed fixtures

only house porch

to

ceiling is may

should

showcase along

prohibited.

be

is

the

be installed

the

preserved architectural eaves

best

by or place

rooflines the

and

for

entranceway. features

maintained.

exterior

of

secondary

at

night lighting.

Lighting

but

or

Recessed it rear

also

fixtures

facades.

promotes

modern

that

represent

a

lighting safe

living

an

fixtures

163

RESIDENTIAL SITE AND SETTING

other the

or of

dishes.

side unit,

the structure.

satellite on

the

and

with

conditioning Tip: placed

air be

meters, right-of-way.

Green

may

facades.

it central

utility interference public

a

way.

rear If

of

the

or

units,

visual

property, right

from no

the or

property.

of

public Make sure these devices are not located in highly visible areas. secondary

visible the Introduce rain barrels and cisterns to collect rain water for re-use.

little

on rear the of conditioning

not

is air the

cause rear

it from

to

in

placed

the and

that be

at

so visible

placed limited

only

be

be

not

equipment.

not is

installed

should

be concealed

but cannot inconspicuous

mechanical should

are units

of

should

that properly

includes

locations be

equipment,

equipment

must conditioning

locations equipment

it

in equipment inappropriate air

but

and mechanical

of mechanical

installed

Window Mechanical All

Appropriate View from above. property 3. 2. types 1. Mechanical Guidelines Mechanical systems are a necessity of the modern lifestyle. Since most systems are bulky and loud, they should they should loud, and are bulky systems most Since lifestyle. modern of the necessity are a systems Mechanical be Mechanical Systems 7-37 Systems Mechanical 164

ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW OTHER CONSIDERATIONS SECTION 8 SECTION 166

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS neering Record(HAER). documented inaccordancewiththeHistoric AmericanBuildingSurvey(HABS)ortheHistoricEngi If 5. Wherethestructurehasbeencondemned ordeemedtobeunsafeliveinbythecity. 4. split, 3. 2. Wherethestructurehasadeterioratedorinadequatefoundation 1. A buildingmaybedeclaredtoinastateofdemolitionbyneglectonethefollowing situations: gradual Demolition byneglectisthedestructionofabuildingthroughabandonmentorlackmaintenance, orthe 4. character ofthedistrict 3. 2. 1. A before when Demolitions willhaveanirreversibleeffectonthehistoricfabricofLocustGroveandshouldonlybeconsidered Demolition

a Where Where Where Where Where Where Where demolition

demolition

lean,

all

post-demolition

deterioration

other a defective the architectural a public a

list, structural structural structure’s

property

application

buckle, alternatives application

health,

or

engineer engineer deteriorated

of

has integrity sag,

parts

plans safety,

a

may

building previously

is or have

may

approved,

for split

be determines or

determines has

been the

welfare fall approved

floor

when been

property

and

been thoroughly

supports, prior

diminished

require routine injure

the

the classified

by

to are property

property the

the any

it or

approved exhausted. walls,

HPC

public

major

demolition as to

non-contributing to a

in to ceilings,

point

be maintenance the be

by

structurally Demolition structurally

following

the where

efforts,

roofs,

Historic

the

chimneys it is

situations:

applications

to unstable

is property unstable not

Preservation the recommended

performed.

district

or

no

vertical/horizontal

will longer

Commission.

not

that

contributes

be

the

considered

property

supports

to

the

be 8- -

1 167

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 2

8- is

the

option for

requirements

other plans

all

Relocation

only

meets

the it

relocation if

document.

when

post

this

of

before

appropriate

is

considered

sections

be

considered

relocated

should be

not

being

Developments

will

Relocation

lot,

building

A

Mixed-Use whole.

vacant

a

a

as

in setting.

Scale,

and

HPC.

result

district Large

the site,

the will for ildings

by

and Bu scale,

they

of

itself

mass,

Guidelines where

approved

in

are

building

the

applications, property A building relocated from outside the designated historic district onto a vacant lot within the district must be within the district a vacant lot district onto designated historic outside the relocated from A building compatible New Construction, and New Construction, Residential in the New Commercial laid out for a building Construction demolition. demolition. The relocation of contributing buildings within the local historic district can have a negative effect on the character the character effect on a negative can have district historic the local within buildings of contributing relocation The of Relocation 168

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS aesthetically similarmaterials 4. characterize 3. 2. 1. adhered The ignored necessityofroutinemaintenance. building Maintenance Maintenance

If Distinctive Deteriorated When

replacement following

either to of

as historic

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APPENDICES SECTION 9 SECTION Locust Grove General Contact Information 9-1

City of Locust Grove:

PO Box 900 3644 Highway 42 Locust Grove, GA 30248 Telephone: (770) 957-5043 Facsimile: (770) 954-1223

Locust Grove Heritage Foundation:

317 Leguin Mill Road Locust Grove, Georgia 30248 Telephone: (678) 643-0609

174 City of Locust Grove COA Application 9-2

175 Preservation Briefs 9-3

Preservation Brief 1: The Cleaning and Waterproof Coating of Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 2: Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings

Preservation Brief 3: Conserving Energy in Historic Buildings

Preservation Brief 4: Roofing for Historic Buildings

Preservation Brief 5: Preservation of Historic Adobe Buildings

Preservation Brief 6: Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning to Historic Buildings

Preservation Brief 7: The Preservation of Historic Glazed Architectural Terra-Cotta

Preservation Brief 8: Aluminum and Vinyl Siding on Historic Buildings

Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows

Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork

Preservation Brief 11: Rehabilitating Historic Storefronts

Preservation Brief 12: The Preservation of Historic Pigmented Structural Glass (Vitrolite and Carrara Glass)

Preservation Brief 13: The Repair and Thermal Upgrading of Historic Steel Windows

Preservation Brief 14: New Exterior Additions to Historic Buildings: Preservation Concerns

Preservation Brief 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete: Problems and General Approaches

Preservation Brief 16: The Use of Substitute Materials on Historic Building Exteriors

Preservation Brief 17: Architectural Character: Identifying the Visual Aspects of Historic Buildings as an Aid to Preserving Their Character 176 Preservation Brief 18: Rehabilitating Interiors in Historic Buildings

Preservation Brief 19: The Repair and Replacement of Historic Wooden Shingle Roofs

Preservation Brief 20: The Preservation of Historic Barns

Preservation Brief 21: Repairing Historic Flat Plaster -- Walls and Ceilings

Preservation Brief 22: The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stucco

Preservation Brief 23: Preserving Historic Ornamental Plaster

Preservation Brief 24: Heating, Ventilating, and Cooling Historic Buildings

Preservation Brief 25: The Preservation of Historic Signs

Preservation Brief 26: The Preservation of Historic Log Buildings

Preservation Brief 27: The Maintenance and Repair of Architectural Cast Iron

Preservation Brief 28: Painting Historic Interiors

Preservation Brief 29: The Repair, Replacement and Maintenance of Historic Slate Roofs

Preservation Brief 30: The Preservation and Repair of Historic Clay Tile Roofs

Preservation Brief 31: Mothballing Historic Buildings

Preservation Brief 32: Making Historic Properties Accessible

Preservation Brief 33: The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stained and Leaded Glass

Preservation Brief 34: Preserving Composition Ornament

Preservation Brief 35: Understanding Old Buildings: The Process of Architectural Investigation 177 Preservation Brief 36: Protecting Cultural Landscapes: Planning, Treatment and Management of Historic Landscapes

Preservation Brief 37: Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead-Paint Hazards in Historic Housing

Preservation Brief 38: Removing Graffiti from Historic Masonry

Preservation Brief 39: Holding the Line: Controlling Unwanted Moisture in Historic Buildings

Preservation Brief 40: Preserving Historic Ceramic Tile Floors

Preservation Brief 41: The Seismic Retrofit of Historic Buildings: Keeping Preservation in the Forefront

Preservation Brief 42: The Maintenance, Repair and Replacement of Historic Cast Stone

Preservation Brief 43: The Preparation and Use of Historic Structure Reports

Preservation Brief 44: The Use of Awnings on Historic Buildings: Repair, Replacement and New Design

178 Glossary 9-4

Adaptive Use: Rehabilitation of a historic structure for use other than its original, such as a residence converted into offices.

Addition: New construction added to an existing building or structure.

Alteration: Work which impacts any exterior architectural features including construction, reconstruction, repair, or removal of any building element.

Appropriate: Especially suitable or compatible.

Arch: A curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it.

Architectural: Pertaining to architecture, its features, characteristics, or details.

Architecture: The art and science of designing and building structures in keeping with aesthetic and functional criteria.

Architectural Style: The overall appearance of the design of a building, structure, landscape, object, painting, or decorative design, including construction, form, space, scale, materials, and ornamentation; may be a unique individual expression or part of a broad cultural pattern.

Architectural Type: Floorplan +Height.

Awning: A roof-like shelter of canvas or other material extending over a doorway or window.

Blockface: The properties abutting on one side of a street and lying between the two nearest intersecting or intercepting streets.

Bond: An arrangement of masonry units such as bricks to provide strength, stability, and beauty.

Bracket: A decorative support beneath a projecting floor, window, or cornice.

Building Code: Set of standards established and enforced by local government for the structural safety of buildings. 179 Bulkhead: The structural supporting wall under the display windows of a storefront.

Capital: The top or head of a column.

Casement Window: A window which swings open along its entire length.

Cast Iron: Iron that is formed by pouring the molten metal into a mold and letting it cool.

Certificate of Appropriateness: A document awarded by a historic preservation commission allowing an applicant to proceed with a proposed alteration, demolition, or new construction in a locally designated area or site, following a determination of the proposal’s suitability according to applicable criteria.

Certified Local Government: Any city, county, parish, township, municipality, borough, or any other general purpose subdivision enacted by the National Preservation Act Amendments of 1980 to further delegate responsibilities and funding to the local level.

Character: The qualities and attributes of a structure, site, street, or district.

Clapboard: A long, thin, flat piece of wood with edges horizontally overlapping in series, used to cover the outer walls of buildings.

Column: An upright pillar, typically cylindrical and made of stone or concrete, supporting an entablature, arch, or other structure.

Compatible: In harmony with location and surroundings.

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU): Large rectangular, concrete blocks.

Contemporary: Reflecting characteristics of the modern period.

Context: The setting in which a historic element, site, structure, street, or district exists.

Contributing Resource: A building, site, structure, or object adding to the historic significance of a property or district. 180 Cornice: the molded and projecting horizontal member that crowns an architectural composition.

Course: A layer of masonry units running horizontally in a wall and bonded with mortar.

Demolition: Any act which destroys in whole or in part a building or structure.

Dentil: One of a series of small rectangular blocks projecting like teeth from a molding or beneath a cornice.

Design Guidelines: Criteria developed by a preservation commission to identify design concerns in an area and to help property owners ensure that rehabilitation and new construction respect the character of designated building and districts.

Double Hung Window: a window having two sashes that slide up and down.

Dormer: A window that projects vertically from a sloping roof.

Eave: the overhang at the lower edge of a roof.

Element: A material part or detail of a site, structure, street, or district.

Elevation: A scale drawing of the side, front, or rear of a structure.

Entablature: A horizontal, continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or a wall, comprising the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Fabric: The basic physical elements of a building.

Façade: Any one of the external faces or elevations of a building.

Fanlight: A small semicircular or rectangular window over a door or another window.

Fenestration: The arrangement of windows and doors on the elevations of a building.

Flashing: Pieces of sheet metal used to weatherproof joints and angles, as where a roof comes in contact with a wall or chimney. 181 Footprint: The extent of a building’s impression in the earth.

Form: The particular shape of a building.

Gable: The part of a wall that encloses the end of a pitched roof.

Gable Roof: A roof having a gable at one or both ends.

Glazing: Another term for glass or other transparent material used in windows.

Hipped Roof: a roof having sloping ends as well as sloping sides.

Historic District: A geographically definable area with a significant concentration of building, structures, sites, spaces, or objects unified by past events, physical development, design, setting, materials, workmanship, sense of cohesiveness or related historical and aesthetic associations.

Hood Molding: Projecting molding over a door or window.

Infill: New construction built on a vacant lot in a block of existing buildings.

In-Kind: To replace a feature of a building with a material similar in composition, size, shape, design and texture.

Landmark: Any building, structure, or place which has a special character or a special historical or aesthetic interest or value to a community.

Lintel: A horizontal structural member over an opening, which carries the weight of the wall above it.

Maintain: To keep in an existing state of preservation or repair.

Massing: The overall shape of a building, as differentiated from wall treatment and fenestration.

Molding: A decorative band having a constant profile or having a pattern in low relief, generally used in cor- nices or as a trim around openings. 182 Mortar: A mixture of lime with cement, sand, and water, used in building to bond bricks or stones.

Mortar Joint: the spaces between bricks, concrete blocks, or glass blocks, that are filled with mortar or grout

Muntin: A bar or rigid supporting strip between adjacent panes of glass.

New Construction: Construction which is characterized by the introduction of new elements, sites, buildings, or structures or additions to existing buildings and structures in historic areas and districts.

Non-Contributing: A building, site, structure, or object that does not add to the historic significance of a property or district. Order: In classical architecture, a particular style of a column with its entablature having standardized details.

Orientation: The relative physical position or direction of something.

Overhang: The projection of an upper story or roof beyond a story below.

Pane: A framed sheet of glass in a window or doors.

Parapet: A low, protective wall along the edge of a roof, bridge, or balcony.

Pediment: A low-pitched triangular gable above a façade, or a smaller version over porticos above the doorway or above a window; a triangular gable end of the roof above the horizontal cornice; often decorated with sculpture.

Pier: A pillar, generally rectangular in cross section, supporting an arch or roof.

Pilaster: A rectangular column, especially one projecting from a wall.

Pitch: the slope and inclination angle of a roof in building construction.

Pointing: Cement or mortar used to fill the joints of brickwork, especially when added externally to a wall to improve its appearance and weatherproofing.

Portico: A small entrance porch or covered walk consisting of a roof supported by open columns.

Preservation: Maintenance of the existing form, integrity, and material of a building or structure. 183 Proportion: Harmonious relation of parts to one another or to the whole.

Reconstruction: The act or process of reproducing by new construction the exact form and detail of a demolished building, structure, or object, or a part thereof, as it appeared at a specific time.

Rehabilitation: The process of restoring a building to usable condition

Replication: A copy or reproduction of an original feature

Repoint: To remove deteriorated mortar and replace it with new mortar.

Restoration: The process of returning a building to a particular period by removing later work and/or replacing missing elements.

Single Hung Window: A double-hung type of window in which the top sash is fixed or inoperable

Scale: The proportions of the elements of a building to one another and the whole, and sometimes to adjacent building; may be related to a module.

Sidelight: A window at the side of a door or another window.

Spall: A small fragment split off from the face of a stone or masonry unit.

Stabilization: The reestablishment of a weather resistant enclosure and structural stability of an unsafe or deteriorated property.

Streetscape: The distinguishing character of a particular street as created by its width, degree of curvature, paving materials, design of the street furniture, and forms of surrounding buildings.

Stringcourse: A horizontal band or course, projecting beyond or flush with the face of the wall.

Texture: The tactile and visual quality of a surface or substance other than its color.

Transom: a window above a door that is usually hinged to a horizontal crosspiece over the door 184 Vernacular Architecture: Buildings that make use of common regional forms and materials at a particular place and time; usually modest and unpretentious, and often a mixture of traditional and modern styles, or a hybrid of several styles.

Window Light: An individual pane of glass.

185 What’s the Difference Between a National Register Historic District and a 9-5 Local Historic District? By Georgia’s Department of Resources Historic Preservation Division

A National Register District Identifies; a Local District Protects.

Both National Register district and locally designated historic districts canbe used as effective preservation tools, either independently or together, to helppreserve a community’s historic resources. For example, the National Register program might be used as a convenient and credible way to identify a community’s historic resources, followed by local district designation, which would further protect and enhance those resources through the process of design review. Conversely, a local survey to establish a local historic district might also be used as the basis for a National Register district nomination, which would afford additional preservation incentives,including rehabilitation tax credits, to properties protected in the local district. Local district designation might also be used to selectively protect portions of National Register districts considered especially significant to a community or subject to particularly strong development pressures. Local designation also might be afforded to an area larger than a National Register district to provide an even greater degree of protection to the historic resources within the National Register district. Some community’s preservation needs may be met entirely with either a locally designated district or a National Register district; there are many examples in Georgia of both situations. Other communities may believe that a package involving both types of districts works best. Remember: local districts and National Register districts are different, but complementary, and can work effectively by themselves or together to meet a community’s historic preservation needs.

For further information, visit our Website at www.georgiashpo.org or contact: Gretchen Brock, National Register & Survey Program Manager at 404-651-6782 or [email protected] or Leigh Burns, Preservation Planner & Certified Local Government Coordinator at 404-651-5181 or [email protected]

Following is a detailed analysis of what both National Register districts and local historic districts are and the ways in 186 which they can be used as preservation planning tool. National Register District

A National Register historic district is a historic district that is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register is our country’s official list of historic places worthy of preservation. It includes individual buildings, structures, sites, and objects as well as historic districts that are historically, architecturally, or archaeologically significant.

National Register listing recognizes the significance of properties and districts. By doing so, it identifies significant historic resources in a community. Boundaries of National Register districts are tightly drawn to encompass only concentrated areas of historic properties. Information compiled to nominate a historic district can be used in a variety of planning and development activities. National Register listing also makes available specific preservation incentives and provides a limited degree of protection from the effects of federally funded, licensed, or permitted activities.

The National Register is maintained by the U.S. Department of the Interior. In Georgia, the National Register program is administered by the Historic Preservation Division of the Department of Natural Resources. Districts and other properties are listed in the National Register through a 17-step process that involves identification, documentation, and evaluation. National Register historic districts most commonly encompass central business districts,residential neighborhoods, industrial areas, rural areas, and occasionally, entire communities.

Local Historic District

A local historic district is a district designated by a local ordinance, which falls under the jurisdiction of a local historic preservation review commission. A local historic district is generally “overlaid” on the existing zoning classifications in a community. Therefore, a local district commission deals only with the appearance of the district, not with the uses of those properties.

According to the 1980 Georgia Historic Preservation Act which makes such local designations possible, a local historic district is a “geographically definable area, urban or rural, which contains structures, sites, and/or works of art which have special historical or aesthetic interest or value; represent one or more periods or styles of architecture typical of one or more eras in the history of the municipality, county, state, or region; and cause that area to constitute a visibly perceptible section of the community.”

The designation of a local district protects the significant properties and the historic character of the district. It provides communities with the means to make sure that growth, development, and change take place in ways that respect the important architectural, historical, and environmental characteristics within a district. Local designation encourages sensitive development in the district and discourages unsympathetic changes from occurring. This happens through a process called design review, whereby the historic preservation commission approves major changes that areplanned for the district and issues Certificates of Appropriateness which allow the proposed changes to take place. National Register District Identifies significant pr 187 National Register District

Identifies significant properties and districtsfor general planning purposes

Analyzes and assesses the historic character and quality of the district

Designates historic areas based on uniform national criteria and procedures

Sets district boundaries tightly, based on the actual distribution pattern of intact historic properties in the area

Makes available specific federal and state tax incentives for preservation purposes

Provides a limited degree of protection from the effects of federally assisted undertakings

Qualifies property owners for federal and state grants for preservation purposes, when funds are available

Does not restrict the use or disposition of property or obligate private property owners in any way

Does not require conformance to design guidelines or preservation standards when property is rehabilitated unless specific preservation incentives (tax credits, grants) are involved

Does not affect state and local government activities

Does not prevent the demolition of historic buildings and structures within designated areas

188 Local Historic District

Protects a community’s historic properties and areas through a design review process

Protects the historic character and quality of the district with specific design controls

Designates historic areas on the basis of local criteria and local procedures

Sets district boundaries based on the distribution pattern of historic resources plus other preservation and community planning considerations

Provides no tax incentives for preservationpurposes unless such are provided by local tax law

Provides no additional protection from the effects of federally assisted undertakings

Does not qualify property owners for federal or state grants for preservation purposes

Does not restrict the use to which property is put in the district or require property owners to make improvements to their property

Requires local historic preservation commission review and approval, based on conformance to local design guidelines, before a building permit is issued for any “material changes” in appearance to the district

Does not affect federal, state, or local government activities

Provides for review of proposed demolitions within designated areas; may prevent or delay proposed demolitions for specific time periods to allow for preservation alternatives.

Revised December 2011 189 The National Register of Historic Places: Listing Process and Benefits 9-6 Georgia State University’s Preservation Planning class recommends the City of Locust Grove to consider the listing of historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register is the official list of historic places in the United States that are worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service’s (NPS) National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America’s historic and archeological resources. Listing a property, which may include a building, site, structure, object, or district, on the National Register provides national recognition to places that, in the case of Locust Grove, are locally significant and worthy of preservation. Since its inception in 1966, more than 88,000 properties have been listed in the National Register, which includes 1.4 million individual resources.

Listings that have been placed on the National Register are also eligible for federal and state level tax incentives. On the federal level, the Federal Rehabilitation Investment Tax Credit (RITC) provides a federal income tax credit equal to 20% of qualified rehabilitation expenses to those income-producing property owners whose property lies in within designated National Register district boundaries. In order to qualify for this credit, the structure must either be listed individually on the National Register or be a contributing structure within a National Register district. The property must be income-producing and the rehabilitation work must be completed according to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation.

In Georgia, income-producing and residential properties within a National Register district may be eligible for two tax incentive programs. The State Preferential Property Tax Assessment for Rehabilitated Historic Property incentive provides an 8-year county property tax assessment freeze for those rehabilitation projects that increase the property’s fair market value by 50-100% (50% for residential use, 100% for commercial use). Another incentive, the State Income Tax Credit for Rehabilitated Historic Property, offers an income tax credit of 25% of rehabilitation expenses. The qualifications for this tax credit are similar to those for the Federal RITC. There is a cap on the amount of tax credits that one property can retain: $100,000 for personal residences and $300,000 for income-producing properties. In order to qualify for either program, the building must be certified for its historic significance and rehabilitation projects must meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation.

The National Register of Historic Places is a recognition program; it is not a restrictive program. The National Register does not regulate what a property owner may or may not do with his or her property. It does not require an owner to maintain, repair, or restore a property. If an owner completes work on a property, there is no requirement to adhere to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation unless application for a tax credit is requested. Once a property is listed in the National Register, it does not automatically fall under local historic district zoning, but may be a stepping-stone to future local designation.

For more information about listing in the National Register of Historic Places, visit the website for the Georgia State 190 Historic Preservation Office (SHPO): http://georgiashpo.org/ Landscaping with Native Plants in the Georgia Piedmont 9-7

191 192 193 194 Bibliography 9-8

“City of Locust Grove Authorities, Boards and Commissions, Historic Preservation Commission Chapter 14.03 Historic Commission”, accessed March 3, 2013, http://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=16453&stateId=10&stateName=Georgia

City of Locust Grove Dowtown Historic District: Recommendation Report to the Mayor and City Council. Locust Grove Historic Preservation Commission, March 15, 2010.

“The City of Locust Grove, Georgia.” Accessed April 30, 2013. http://www.locustgrove-ga.gov/.

“House Types in Georgia.” Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Historic Preservation Division. 1991.

“Landscaping with Native Plants in the Georgia Piedmont.” Georgia Native Plant Society.

“Oral, written history, sought on Rosenwald schools”, accessed April 19, 2013, http://www.news-daily.com/news/2012/mar/19/oral-writ ten-history-sought-rosenwald-schools/

Pastor Michael Price interview, Susan E. Coleman, Shoal Creek Baptist Church, March 5, 2013.

Rainer, Vessie Thrasher.Henry County Georgia: The Mother of Counties. Dr. Robert A. Rainer, Jr., 1988.

“Residential Architectural Styles in Georgia” Georgia’s Living Places: Historic Houses in Their Landscaped Settings. Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Historic Preservation Division. 1991.

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