DOCSLIB.ORG

The Axknic Culture of Wheat and Flax Rust Fungi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Axknic Culture of Wheat and Flax Rust Fungi THE AXKNIC CULTURE OF WHEAT AND FLAX RUST FUNGI by AMETAVA BOSE 3.Sc.(Agr.), Bihar Agricultural College M.Sc.(Agr.), Bhagalpur University M.Sc., University of British Columbia A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Plant Science We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA October, 1973 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the re• quirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Depart• ment or by his representatives. It is understood that copy• ing or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Plant Science, -University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, British Columbia. 1 Date im-M- ^ ABSTRACT Rust fungi belonging to the order Uredinales have usually been considered the classical examples of obligate parasites amongst plant pathogenic fungi. The development of our knowledge of the metabolism, nutrition and physiology of the rust fungi has been restricted because of our inability to grow these fungi in axenic culture. In the past the physiological and biochemical investigations on rust fungi per se have been limited to studies of the ger• mination and development of germ tubes. The cultivation in vitro of Puccinia graminis tritici (Erikss. and .Henri. ) , Australian race ANZ 126-6,7, by Williams et al. (1966, 1967), together with the report of Turel (1969) on the axenic culture of Melampsora lini (Ehrenb) Lev, race 3 promoted research on culturing rust fungi on artificial medium. An artificial medium containing 3% glucose, Czapek's mineral salts, 0.1% Evan's peptone, plus defatted BSA support• ed growth and sporulation of Puccinia graminis tritici race ANZ 126-6,7. Typical pigmented uredospores and teliospores were formed after 6-3 weeks growth. The uredospores were capable of infecting the mesophyll of wheat leaves exposed by stripping back the lower epidermis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of a coating of unknown chem• ical composition around the uredospores developed in vitro and not observed on uredospores grown on wheat leaves. iv Two different strains of Melampsora lini (Ehrenb) Lev were grown on solid media containing I+% sucrose, modified Knop's tissue culture macronutrients, Berthelot's micronut- rients, yeast extract and peptone. The mycelium was generally binucleate. Spore-like structures were recorded in the stroma which resembled uredospores and teliospores. Addition of 1% defatted BSA to the medium described above greatly increased the frequency of establishment of flax rust colonies. A de• fined liquid medium, containing Czapek's mineralsy Ca++, glu• cose, aspartic acid, glutathione and cysteine, and inoculated with uncontaminated uredospores, supported good vegetative growth and sporulation of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race ANZ 126-6,7). Of six North American races of wheat stem rust fungus tested, only three grew vegetatively on artificial medium. Finally a chemically defined liquid medium contain• ing sucrose, Knop's mineral salts, micronutrients, aspartic (or glutamic) acid and cysteine supported the growth of vege• tative colonies of Melampsora lini race 3 from uncontaminated uredospores In a highly reproducible manner. The formation of uredospores and teliospores of these colonies in the liquid medium was controlled by the level of Ca++ (as CatNO-^)^ and the number of colonies per flask. With 60-70 colonies per flask, uredospore formation occurred on 60 to 70% of the colonies at a Ca++ level 8.5 mM. A decrease in the Ca++ level to 4.5 mM or colony frequency to 10 per flask resulted V in only infrequent sporulation. The uredospores produced in vitro infected intact cotyledons In a normal manner. This result with flax rust represents a substantial advance in our ability to control the growth of this important 'obligate* parasite In axenic culture. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FRONTISPIECE Xiv ABSTRACT iii • TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 REFERENCES 16 CHAPTER I - Sporuiation and Pathogenicity of an Australian Isolate of-Wheat Rust grown in vitro. ABSTRACT..; 20 INTRODUCTION 21 MATERIALS AND METHODS 22 RESULTS 24 1. Behaviour of Germinating Uredospores on Solid Medium 21+ 2. Development of Colonies on Liquid Medium 24 3. Pathogenicity of Uredospores produced in Axenic Culture 30 4. Scanning Electron Microscopy,... 30 Page .CHAPTER II. In vitro Culture of the Flax Rust, Melampsora lini. ABSTRACT 36 INTRODUCTION 36 MATERIALS AND METHODS 37 1. Melampsora lini, Strain 1 37 2. Melampsora lini, Strain 2.... .- 40 3. Cytological Examination of the Cultures 41 RESULTS 41 1 • Melampsora lini , Strain 1. .. 41 2. Melampsora lini, Strain 2 43 3. Cytological Studies with Melampsora lini 1+6 DISCUSSION 51 REFERENCES.' 59 CHAPTER III. In vitro Growth of Wheat and Flax Rust Fungi on Chemically Defined Media. ABSTRACT 60 INTRODUCTION •. 61 MATERIALS AND METHODS 68 1. Production of Uncontaminated Uredospores 68 2. Culture Media.. ' 69 3. Sources of Organic Nitrogen and Sulphur 70 4. Inoculation of Media 71 5. Assessment of Growth.. 72 RESULTS 72 Wheat Rust 72 1. Trials with Solid Media 72 VXll Page 2. Trials with Liquid Media 73 A. Growth of races 15B4, 3#, 32-113 and ANZ 126-6,7 73 B. Effect of cAMP on growth of ANZ 126-6,7 73 C. Effect of aspartic acid, cysteine, gluta• thione and calcium on the growth of ANZ 126-6,7 74 Flax Rust 79 1. Trials with Solid Media., 79 A. Effect of BSA 79 B. Reinfection of host using vegetative colonies grown on solid medium 80 2. Trials with Liquid Media 8l A. Preliminary trials and effect of BSA 81 B. Effects of mineral nutrients 85 C. Effects of aspartic acid, cysteine, gluta• thione and calcium 88 D. -Reinfection of flax using uredospores grown in vitro 91 LIST OF TABLES PAGE TABLE I Growth of obligate parasites in host tissue 5 II In vitro development of rust fungi from germinating uredospores 8 III-I Effect of cyclic AMP and theophylline on growth of Puccinia graminis tritici (race ANZ 126-6,7) 77 III-II Effect of amino acid, glutathione and Ca(N0^)2 on the growth of Puccinia graminis tritici (race ANZ 126-6,7) 78 III-III Effect of different organic nitrogen sources on the growth of Melampsora lini (race 3 ) $k III-IV Growth and development of Melampsora lini (race 3) on completely defined liquid media... X TiTS-T OF FIGURES PAGE FIGURE 1-1 Uredospores with burst germ tube on basic medium 26 1-2 Two germinating uredospores and their germ tubes have crossed each other 26 1-3 Two nuclei in cytoplasm extruded from burst germ tube 26 1-4 Germ tubes originating from two uredospores showing anastomosis 26 1-5 Vegetative juvenile colonies and sporula- ting colonies developed on liquid medium 26 1-6 Developing uredospores in colony grown on 28 liquid medium 1-7 Developing teliospores and maturing uredo• spores from colony grown on liquid medium 28 1-8 Fully developed two-celled teliospores....,,... 28 1-9 Thick mat of hyphae at periphery of colony 28 grown on liquid medium, 1-10 Pustules developed on primary leaf of Little Club wheat as a result of inoculation with uredospores grown in vitro 28 1-11 Scanning electron micrographs of mature uredospores grown on intact wheat leaves 32 1-12 Scanning electron micrograph of mature uredospores grown in vitro. '. 32 1-13 Scanning electron micrograph of spines on surface of uredospores grown on intact wheat leaf 32 1-14 Scanning electron micrograph of spines on surface of uredospores grown on basic medium... 32 1-15 Scanning electron micrograph of developing spines on surface of uredospores grown on intact wheat leaf 32 1-16 Scanning electron micrograph of a teliospore grown on basic medium 32 xi PAGE FIGURE II-l A 12-day-old colony of strain 1(fourth transfer)..,, 45 II-2 Same colony viewed from below... 45 II-3 An 8-week-old colony of strain 2 grown from aseptic uredospores 4$ II-4 An"8-week-old colony of strain.2 of small size consisting entirely of aerial mycelium... 48" II-5 Fusion of germ tubes ,.. 48" II-6 Binucleate hyphae of an initial colony.. 4$ II-7 Binucleate mycelium of a transferred colony, 50 II-3 Uninucleate and binucleate hyphal cells from an old colony 50 II-9 Anastomosis of aerial hyphae of an old colony ' 50 11-10 Thin walled spherical cells from stromata . of an initial colony 50 11-11 Thin walled spherical cells interspersed by short hyphal cells 50 11-12 "Microsorus" structure from an initial colony 53 11-13 Non-pigment ed uredospore like cells 53 11-14 Uredospore like cells joined by short hyphal cells 53 11-15 Dense spore cluster from stromata of a transferred culture. ;. 55 11-16 Spore like cells formed at terminal hyphae..... 55 II- 17 Spore like cells formed in chains. 55 III- l North American isolates of wheat stem rust showing vegetative growth on liquid medium 76 III-2 Growth and development of an Australian race of wheat stem rust on liquid medium 76 .'.'hsat s tern rust ANZ 126-6,7 developed on a chemicaliv defined medium 7o FIGURE III-4 Flax rust colony initials raised on solid medium III-5 Colonies of flax rust originating as a re• sult of gelatin spore suspension seeding on solid medium III-6 Ectoparasitic mycelium of flax rust de• veloped on excised cotyledon III-7 Flax rust colonies developed on liquid medium Ill-8 Flax rust colonies developed on liquid media surface.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evolution of Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthase-Like Terpene
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Evolution of isoprenyl diphosphate synthase‑like terpene synthases in fungi Guo Wei1, Franziska Eberl2, Xinlu Chen1, Chi Zhang1, Sybille B. Unsicker2, Tobias G. Köllner2, Jonathan Gershenzon2 & Feng Chen1* Terpene synthases (TPSs) and trans‑isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs) are among the core enzymes for creating the enormous diversity of terpenoids. Despite having no sequence homology, TPSs and IDSs share a conserved “α terpenoid synthase fold” and a trinuclear metal cluster for catalysis, implying a common ancestry with TPSs hypothesized to evolve from IDSs anciently. Here we report on the identifcation and functional characterization of novel IDS-like TPSs (ILTPSs) in fungi that evolved from IDS relatively recently, indicating recurrent evolution of TPSs from IDSs. Through large-scale bioinformatic analyses of fungal IDSs, putative ILTPSs that belong to the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS) family of IDSs were identifed in three species of Melampsora. Among the GGDPS family of the two Melampsora species experimentally characterized, one enzyme was verifed to be bona fde GGDPS and all others were demonstrated to function as TPSs. Melampsora ILTPSs displayed kinetic parameters similar to those of classic TPSs. Key residues underlying the determination of GGDPS versus ILTPS activity and functional divergence of ILTPSs were identifed. Phylogenetic analysis implies a recent origination of these ILTPSs from a GGDPS progenitor in fungi, after the split of Melampsora from other genera within the class of Pucciniomycetes. For the poplar leaf rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina, the transcripts of its ILTPS genes were detected in infected poplar leaves, suggesting possible involvement of these recently evolved ILTPS genes in the infection process.
    [Show full text]
  • Flax Rust and Its Control
    -1 I , r TECHNICAL BULLETIN 36 MARCH 1926 University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station IN CO-OPERATION WITH UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY Flax Rust and its Control A. W. Henry Division of Plant Pathology and Botany UNIVERSITY FARM, ST. PAUL AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS W. C. COFFEY, M.S., Director ANDREW Boss, Vice-Director F. W. PECK, M.S., Director of Agricultural Extension and Farmers' Institutes C. G. SELVIG, M.A., Superintendent, Northwest Substation, Crookston P. E. MILLER, M.Agr., Superintendent, West Central Substation, AIorris 0. I. BERGH, B.S.Agr., Superintendent, North Central Substation, Grand Rapids M. J. THOMPSON, Superintendent, Northeast Substation, Duluth R E. HODGSON, B.S. in Agr., Superintendent, Southeast Substation, Waseca RAPHAEL ZON, F.E., Director, Forest Experiment Station, Cloquet F. E. HARALSON, Assistant Superintendent, Fruit Breeding Farm, Zumbra Heights, (P.O. Excelsior) W. P. KIRKWOOD, M.A., Editor, and Chief, Division of Publications ALICE MCFEELY, Assistant Editor of Bulletins HARRIET W. SEWALL, B.A., Librarian T. J. HORTON, Photographer R. A. GORTNER, Ph.D., Chief, Division of Agricultural Biochemistry J. D. BLACK, Ph.D., Chief, Division of Agricultural Economics WILLIAM Boss, Chief, Division of Agricultural Engineering ANDREW Boss, Chief, Division of Agronomy and Farm Management W. H. PETERS, M.Agr., Chief, Division of Animal Husbandry FRANCIS JAGER, Chief, Division of Bee Culture C. H. EcKLEs, M.S., D.Sc., Chief, Division of Dairy Husbandry R. N. CHAPMAN, Ph.D., Chief Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology HENRY ScH/Arrz, Ph.D., Chief, Division of Forestry W. H. ALDERMAN, B.S.A., Chief, Division of Horticulture E.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Genomics Applied to the Rust Fungus Melampsora Larici-Populina
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Structural genomics applied to the rust fungus Melampsora larici- populina reveals two candidate efector proteins adopting cystine knot and NTF2-like protein folds Karine de Guillen1, Cécile Lorrain2, Pascale Tsan3, Philippe Barthe1, Benjamin Petre2, Natalya Saveleva2, Nicolas Rouhier2, Sébastien Duplessis2, André Padilla1 & Arnaud Hecker2* Rust fungi are plant pathogens that secrete an arsenal of efector proteins interfering with plant functions and promoting parasitic infection. Efectors are often species-specifc, evolve rapidly, and display low sequence similarities with known proteins. How rust fungal efectors function in host cells remains elusive, and biochemical and structural approaches have been scarcely used to tackle this question. In this study, we produced recombinant proteins of eleven candidate efectors of the leaf rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina in Escherichia coli. We successfully purifed and solved the three- dimensional structure of two proteins, MLP124266 and MLP124017, using NMR spectroscopy. Although both MLP124266 and MLP124017 show no sequence similarity with known proteins, they exhibit structural similarities to knottins, which are disulfde-rich small proteins characterized by intricate disulfde bridges, and to nuclear transport factor 2-like proteins, which are molecular containers involved in a wide range of functions, respectively. Interestingly, such structural folds have not been reported so far in pathogen efectors, indicating that MLP124266 and MLP124017 may bear novel functions related to pathogenicity. Our fndings show that sequence-unrelated efectors can adopt folds similar to known proteins, and encourage the use of biochemical and structural approaches to functionally characterize efector candidates. To infect their host, flamentous pathogens secrete efector proteins that interfere with plant physiology and immunity to promote parasitic growth1.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiologic Specialization of Melampsora Lini on Linum Usitatissimum '
    PHYSIOLOGIC SPECIALIZATION OF MELAMPSORA LINI ON LINUM USITATISSIMUM ' By H. H. FLOR 2 Associate 'pathologist^ Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases^ Bureau of Plant Industry y United States Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION Melampsora Uni (Pers.) Lev., the fungus that causes rust of culti- vated flax, Linum usitatissimum L., occurs in all the major seed flax- and fiber-flax-producing areas of the world. Injury to the seed crop results from a reduction in the amount of foliage and from the utili- zation by the fungus of some of the food of the host plant. In addition to interfering with the normal photosynthetic metaboUsm of the host plant, rust on fiber flax injures the quality by causing breakage of fibers and preventing normal retting, thus producing what is known as ''measly'' fibers (23)} Consequently a small amount of infection may injure the quality of a fiber-flax crop, while it is only under epidemic conditions that the rust may be destructive to seed flax. Only occasionally is flax rust very destructive in Minnesota and the Dakotas, where most of the domestic flaxseed is grown. However, it sometimes occurs in epidemic form in these areas, and Brentzel ^ and Hart (9) have reported losses ranging from a trace to 100 percent. Measures that have been recommended for the control of flax rust include early sowing, thorough cleaning of the seed, crop rotation, use of high, well-drained land, destruction or removal of infected straw, and the use of resistant varieties. Henry (10) considered the last- named method the most promising and found rust immunity to be inherited independently of morphologic type or wilt resistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Size Estimates for Six Rust (Pucciniales) Species Estimativa Do Tamanho Do Genoma De Seis Espécies De Ferrugens (Pucciniales)
    Genome size estimates for six rust (Pucciniales) species Estimativa do tamanho do genoma de seis espécies de ferrugens (Pucciniales) Pedro Talhinhas1,2, Ana Paula Ramos2, Daniela Tavares3, Sílvia Tavares1* and João Loureiro3 1 Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal E-mail: *[email protected], author for correspondence 2 LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal 3 CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal. Received/Recebido:2015.02.28 Accepted/Aceite: 2015.05.19 RESUMO Os fungos que causam ferrugens caraterizam-se pela especialização relativamente ao hospedeiro, pela biotrofia, por possuírem ciclos de vida complexos e grandes genomas. Neste trabalho a citometria de fluxo foi empregue para de- terminar o tamanho do genoma de seis espécies de fungos Pucciniales (Basidiomycota), Melampsora pulcherrima, Puccinia behenis, P. cichorii, P. pimpinellae, P. vincae e Uromyces dianthi, agentes causais de ferrugem em Mercurialis annua, Silene latifolia, Cichorium intybus, Pimpinella villosa, Vinca major e Dianthus caryophyllus, respetivamente. Com resultados entre 182,1 e 566,4 Mpb/1C, este estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento do tamanho dos genomas na ordem Pucciniales, re- forçando a posição deste táxone como o que engloba os fungos com maior tamanho médio de genoma (335,6 Mpb/1C). Este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos padrões de distribuição de tamanhos de genoma ao longo da filogenia dos fungos, sugerindo uma ligação entre caraterísticas biológicas e o tamanho do genoma. Em particular, os tamanhos dos genomas de fungos Pucciniales variam fortemente dentro do género, mas também diferem de forma vincada dos genomas de outras ordens em Pucciniomycotina que não Pucciniales, sugerindo que a variação do tamanho do genoma possa ser um elemento ativo na evolução dos agentes causais de ferrugens.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.CIENTO CINCUENTA AÑOS DE PENSAMIENTO
    Acta Biológica Colombiana ISSN: 0120-548X [email protected] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá Colombia TORRES, ENRIQUE CIENTO CINCUENTA AÑOS DE PENSAMIENTO COEVOLUTIVO: LA VIDA ES UNA MARAÑA DE INTERACCIONES Acta Biológica Colombiana, vol. 14, 2009, pp. 231-245 Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=319028030004 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Acta biol. Colomb., Vol. 14 S, 2009 231 - 246 CIENTO CINCUENTA AÑOS DE PENSAMIENTO COEVOLUTIVO: LA VIDA ES UNA MARAÑA DE INTERACCIONES One Hundred and Fifty Years of Coevolutionary Thinking: Life is a Web of Interactions ENRIQUE TORRES1, Ph. D. 1Profesor Asociado Emérito, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá D.C., Colombia. [email protected] Presentado 16 de septiembre de 2009, aceptado 22 de octubre de 2009, correcciones 25 de mayo de 2010. RESUMEN La supervivencia y reproducción de la inmensa mayoría de organismos multicelulares dependen de interacciones ecológicas, frecuentemente especializadas, con organismos de otras especies. La coevolución, entendida como el conjunto de cambios evolutivos recíprocos entre especies que ejercen estas interacciones, se reconoce como un proceso continuo que organiza la variabilidad darviniana en complejas redes biológicas. Esta visión dinámica suaviza el conflicto entre la natu- raleza armónica de Humboldt y la naturaleza en guerra de Darwin y otros naturalistas del siglo 19. Los cimientos conceptuales de la biología coevolutiva incluyen el papel causal de los microor- ganismos en las enfermedades, la ubicuidad de las simbiosis, su frecuente caracter especialista y la determinación mendeliana de los desenlaces de tales interacciones.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Size Estimates for Six Rust (Pucciniales) Species Estimativa Do Tamanho Do Genoma De Seis Espécies De Ferrugens (Pucciniales)
    Genome size estimates for six rust (Pucciniales) species Estimativa do tamanho do genoma de seis espécies de ferrugens (Pucciniales) Pedro Talhinhas1,2, Ana Paula Ramos2, Daniela Tavares3, Sílvia Tavares1* and João Loureiro3 1 Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal E-mail: *[email protected], author for correspondence 2 LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal 3 CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal. Received/Recebido:2015.02.28 Accepted/Aceite: 2015.05.19 RESUMO Os fungos que causam ferrugens caraterizam-se pela especialização relativamente ao hospedeiro, pela biotrofia, por possuírem ciclos de vida complexos e grandes genomas. Neste trabalho a citometria de fluxo foi empregue para de- terminar o tamanho do genoma de seis espécies de fungos Pucciniales (Basidiomycota), Melampsora pulcherrima, Puccinia behenis, P. cichorii, P. pimpinellae, P. vincae e Uromyces dianthi, agentes causais de ferrugem em Mercurialis annua, Silene latifolia, Cichorium intybus, Pimpinella villosa, Vinca major e Dianthus caryophyllus, respetivamente. Com resultados entre 182,1 e 566,4 Mpb/1C, este estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento do tamanho dos genomas na ordem Pucciniales, re- forçando a posição deste táxone como o que engloba os fungos com maior tamanho médio de genoma (335,6 Mpb/1C). Este estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos padrões de distribuição de tamanhos de genoma ao longo da filogenia dos fungos, sugerindo uma ligação entre caraterísticas biológicas e o tamanho do genoma. Em particular, os tamanhos dos genomas de fungos Pucciniales variam fortemente dentro do género, mas também diferem de forma vincada dos genomas de outras ordens em Pucciniomycotina que não Pucciniales, sugerindo que a variação do tamanho do genoma possa ser um elemento ativo na evolução dos agentes causais de ferrugens.
    [Show full text]
  • Communications
    COMMUNICATION S FACULTY OF SCIENCES DE LA FACULTE DES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA DE L’UNIVERSITE D’ANKARA Series C: Biology VOLUME: 29 Number: 1 YEAR: 2020 Faculy of Sciences, Ankara University 06100 Beşevler, Ankara-Turkey ISSN: 1303-6025 E-ISSN: 2651-3749 COMMUNICATION S FACULTY OF SCIENCES DE LA FACULTE DES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ANKARA DE L’UNIVERSITE D’ANKARA Series C: Biolog y Volume 29 Number : 1 Year: 2020 Owner (Sahibi) Selim Osman SELAM, Dean of Faculty of Sciences Editor-in-Chief (Yazı İşleri Müdürü) Nuri OZALP Managing Editor Nur Münevver PINAR Area Editors Ilgaz AKATA (Botany) Nursel AŞAN BAYDEMİR (Zoology) İlker BUYUK (Biotechnology) Talip ÇETER (Plant Anatomy and Embryology) Ilknur DAĞ (Microbiology, Histology) Türker DUMAN (Moleculer Biology) Borga ERGONUL (Hydrobiology) Sevgi ERTUĞRUL KARATAY (Biotechnology) Esra KOÇ (Plant Physiology) G. Nilhan TUĞ (Ecology) A. Emre YAPRAK ( Botany) Mehmet Kürşat Şahin (Zoology) Şeyda Fikirdeşici Ergen (Hydrobiology) Alexey YANCHUKOV (Populations Genetics, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Biology) Language Editor: Sümer ARAS Technical Editor: Aydan ACAR ŞAHIN Editors Nuray AKBULUT (Hacettepe University, Turkey) Hasan AKGUL (Akdeniz University, Turkey) Şenol ALAN (Bülent Ecevit University, Turkey) Dirk Carl ALBACH (Carl Von Ossietzky University, Germany) Ahmet ALTINDAG (Ankara University, Turkey) Rami ARAFEH (Palestine Polytechnic University, Palestine) Belma BINLI ASLIM (Gazi University, Turkey) Tahir ATICI (Gazi University,Turkey) Dinçer AYAZ (Ege University, Turkey) Zeki AYTAÇ (Gazi University,Turkey) Jan BREINE (Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium) Kemal BUYUKGUZEL (Bulent Ecevit University, Turkey) Suna CEBESOY (Ankara University, Turkey) A. Kadri ÇETIN (Fırat University, Turkey) Nuran ÇIÇEK (Hacettepe University, Turkey) Elif SARIKAYA DEMIRKAN (Uludag University, Turkey) Mohammed H.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Type and Interannual Variation Shape Unique Fungal Pathogen Communities on A
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/545632; this version posted July 7, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Habitat type and interannual variation shape unique fungal pathogen communities on a California native bunchgrass Johannah E. Farner1, Erin R. Spear1,2, Erin A. Mordecai1 1Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA; 2 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama, Republic of Panama Author for correspondence: Johannah Farner E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 1 (805) 317 – 5432 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/545632; this version posted July 7, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Abstract The role of infectious disease in regulating host populations is increasingly recognized, but how environmental conditions affect pathogen communities and infection levels remains poorly understood. Over three years, we compared foliar disease burden, fungal pathogen community composition, and foliar chemistry in the perennial bunchgrass Stipa pulchra occurring in adjacent serpentine and nonserpentine grassland habitats with distinct soil types and plant communities. We found that serpentine and nonserpentine S. pulchra experienced consistent, low disease pressure associated with distinct fungal pathogen communities with high interannual species turnover. Additionally, plant chemistry differed with habitat type.
    [Show full text]
  • Ajay Kumar Tiwari Editor Advances in Seed Production and Management Advances in Seed Production and Management Ajay Kumar Tiwari Editor
    Ajay Kumar Tiwari Editor Advances in Seed Production and Management Advances in Seed Production and Management Ajay Kumar Tiwari Editor Advances in Seed Production and Management Editor Ajay Kumar Tiwari UP Council of Sugarcane Research Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India ISBN 978-981-15-4197-1 ISBN 978-981-15-4198-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4198-8 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Ray G. Woods, R. Nigel Stringer, Debbie A. Evans and Arthur O. Chater
    Ray G. Woods, R. Nigel Stringer, Debbie A. Evans and Arthur O. Chater Summary The rust fungi are a group of specialised plant pathogens. Conserving them seems to fly in the face of reason. Yet as our population grows and food supplies become more precarious, controlling pathogens of crop plants becomes more imperative. Breeding resistance genes into such plants has proved to be the most cost effective solution. Such resistance genes evolve only in plants challenged by pathogens. We hope this report will assist in prioritising the conservation of natural ecosystems and traditional agro-ecosystems that are likely to be the richest sources of resistance genes. Despite its small size (11% of mainland Britain) Wales has supported 225 rust fungi taxa (including 199 species) representing 78% of the total British mainland rust species. For the first time using widely accepted international criteria and data collected from a number of mycologists and institutions, a Welsh regional threat status is offered for all native Welsh rust taxa. The results are compared with other published Red Lists for Wales. Information is also supplied in the form of a census catalogue, detailing the rust taxa recorded from each of the 13 Welsh vice-counties. Of the 225 rust taxa so far recorded from Wales 7 are probably extinct (3% of the total), and 39 (18%) are threatened with extinction. Of this latter total 13 taxa (6%) are considered to be Critically Endangered, 15 (7%) to be Endangered and 13 (6%) to be Vulnerable. A further 20 taxa (9%) are Near Threatened, whilst 15 taxa (7%) lacked sufficient data to permit evaluation.
    [Show full text]
  • Maquetación 1
    MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTEY MEDIO RURALY MARINO SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE FITOPATOLOGÍA PATÓGENOS DE PLANTAS DESCRITOS EN ESPAÑA 2ª Edición COLABORADORES Elena González Biosca Vicente Pallás Benet Ricardo Flores Pedauye Dirk Jansen José Luis Palomo Gómez José María Melero Vara Miguel Juárez Gómez Javier Peñalver Navarro Vicente Pallás Benet Alfredo Lacasa Plasencia Ramón Peñalver Navarro Amparo Laviña Gomila Ana María Pérez-Sierra Francisco J. Legorburu Faus Fernando Ponz Ascaso Pablo Llop Pérez ASESORES María Dolores Romero Duque Pablo Lunello Javier Romero Cano María Ángeles Achón Sama Jordi Luque i Font Luis A. Álvarez Bernaola Montserrat Roselló Pérez Ester Marco Noales Remedios Santiago Merino Miguel A. Aranda Regules Vicente Medina Piles Josep Armengol Fortí Felipe Siverio de la Rosa Emilio Montesinos Seguí Antonio Vicent Civera Mariano Cambra Álvarez Carmina Montón Romans Antonio de Vicente Moreno Miguel Cambra Álvarez Pedro Moreno Gómez Miguel Escuer Cazador Enrique Moriones Alonso José E. García de los Ríos Jesús Murillo Martínez Fernando García-Arenal Jesús Navas Castillo CORRECTORA DE Pablo García Benavides Ventura Padilla Villalba LA EDICIÓN Ana González Fernández Ana Palacio Bielsa María José López López Las fotos de la portada han sido cedidas por los socios de la Sociedad Española de Fitopatolo- gía, Dres. María Portillo, Carolina Escobar Lucas y Miguel Cambra Álvarez Secretaría General Técnica: Alicia Camacho García. Subdirector General de Información al ciu- dadano, Documentación y Publicaciones: José Abellán Gómez. Director
    [Show full text]