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Analysis of Semberija Vegetation Index by Processing Satellite Images in Software Program Idrisi Анализа Вегетаци

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Analysis of Semberija Vegetation Index by Processing Satellite Images in Software Program Idrisi Анализа Вегетаци ANALYSIS OF SEMBERIJA VEGETATION INDEX BY PROCESSING SATELLITE IMAGES IN SOFTWARE PROGRAM IDRISI АНАЛИЗА ВЕГЕТАЦИОНОГ ИНДЕКСА СЕМБЕРИЈЕ ОБРАДОМ САТЕЛИТСКОГ СНИМКА У СОФТВЕРСКОМ ПРОГРАМУ IDRISI Dijana Đurić 1 UDK: 528.425:581.5 Tea Požar 2 DOI: 10.14415/zbornikGFS32.003 CC-BY-SA 4.0 license Summary: Analysis of area of Резиме: Анализа простора Сембе- Semberija and its vegetation cover in рије и њеног вегетационог индекса у this work is done with the analysis of овом раду урађена је анализом Landsat satellite image and it’s Landsat сателитског снимка и ње- processing in software program Idrisi. говом обрадом у софтверу Idrisi. With one real colour composite and Једним правим колор композитом и three false colour composites of са три лажна колор композита раз- different spectral channels were личитих спектралних канала доби- obtained different combinations of јене су различите комбинације боја colours that represent state of this area. које представљају стање овог Also, through software Idrisi was простора. Такође, преко софтвера analysed Normalized Difference Idrisi је урађен вегетациони индекс Vegetation Index NDVI, that is used for NDVI, који се користи за анализу analysing of damaged and ill оштећене и болесне вегетације. vegetation. Results obtained with Добијени резултати сателитског analysis of satellite images give us an снимка нам дају увид у стање insight into state of vegetation cover of вегетационог покривача простора the area of Semberija, and also Семберије, a такође и могућности за possibilities for its improvement. побољшање. Keywords: satellite image, Idrisi, Кључне речи: сателитски снимaк, Semberija, vegetation Idrisi, Семберија, вегетација 1. INTRODUCTION 1. УВОД For this research work was chosen the За овај истраживачки рад изабран je area of Semberija that is placed on the простор Семберије, чији је положај confluence of river Drina into river на ушћу реке Дрине у Саву, на Sava, on the border triangle of Bosnia граничној тромеђи Босне и Херце- and Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia. It говине, Србије и Хрватске. Пред- represents plain area that consists of ставља равничарску област, коју three municipalities: Bijeljina, Ugljevik чине три општине, Бијељина, Угље- and Lopare. It is located on north east вик и Лопаре. Налази се у северо- part of the Bosnia and Herzegovina, источном делу Босне и Херцеговине, 1 MSc Dijana Đurić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Civil Engineering Subotica, e-mail: [email protected] 2 MSc Tea Požar, University of Bamberg, Institute of Geography, e-mail: [email protected] | ЗБОРНИК РАДОВА ГРАЂЕВИНСКОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА 32 (2017) | 45 Republic of Srpska, on the rim of the Републике Српске, на ободу нека- former Pannonian Basin. дашњег Панонског басена. Ова This area is bordered with river Sava on област оивичена је реком Савом, на the north, river Drina on the east and северу, реком Дрином на истоку и mountain Majevica on the south and планином Мајевицом на југу и west. The average altitude of Semberija западу. Просечна надморска висина is 119m. Altitude raises going from Семберије износи 119m. Она расте north towards south, so the south part идући од севера према југу, па је у of municipality Ugljevik is 174m. јужном делу општине Угљевик 174m. This area was analysed by processing Овај простор је анализиран обрадом satellite image in software Idrisi, a сателитског снимка у софтверу Idrisi, model of new generation of geographic моделу нове генерације географских information systems. Those are информационих система. То су integrated computer systems for the интегрисани компјутерски системи за collection, storage, updating, прикупљање, складиштење, ажури- processing, analysis and presentation рање, обраду, анализу и презен- of data of all types of geographically тацију података свих врста геогра- relevant information [1]. фски релевантних информација [1]. The basis of Semberija's economy is Основу привреде у Семберији чини agriculture, then the exploitation of the пољопривреда, затим експлоатација ore (brown coal). This area has low руда (мрки угаљ). Овај простор је percentage of forest cover, which is сиромашан шумским покривачем, mostly replaced with agricultural land or који је замењен пољопривредним low vegetation. земљиштем или ниским растињем. In this work are presented the results of У раду су дати резултати о количини the quantity and types of vegetation, и типовима вегетације, квалитету, quality, quantity and purpose of количини и намени пољопривредних agricultural land, the possible risk of земљишта, могућој опасности од disruption of vegetation cover and нарушавања вегетационог покривача suggestions for improvement in this и предлози за унапређењe анали- area. зираног простора. 2. METHODOLOGY 2. МЕТОДОЛОГИЈА РАДА July 1972, NASA launched the Earth У јулу 1972. NASA је лансирала Resources Technology Satellite Земљин Ресурсни Технолошки (ERTS), which later became Landsat 1. Сателит (ERTS), касније Landsat 1. The system was designed for extensive Систем је дизајниран за екстензивно mapping and remote sensing of the мапирање и даљинско детектовање Earth’s surface and was the first system Земљине површине и био је први capable of producing multispectral data систем способан да произведе мулти in digital format. The applications of спектралне податке у дигиталном Landsat imagery have been формату. Апликације Landsat сни- demonstrated in agriculture, мака демонстриране су у пољоприв- cartography, environmental monitoring, реди, картографији, животној сре- forestry, land use planning, and дине, шумарству, планирању кориш- oceanography [2]. In this work was ћења земљишта и океанографији [2]. used Landsat satellite image from У раду је кориштен Landsat снимак из 2011. Researched area is shown on 2011. Истраживани простор приказан figure 1. је на слици 1. 46 | JOURNAL OF FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 32 (2017) | Слика 1 – Простор Семберије Figure 1 – Area of Semberija Before Landsat, image analyses were Пре Landsat – a, анализа снимака се usually completed visually by обично изводила визуелно преко examining prints and transparencies of проучавања oтисака и дијапозитива aerial images. Analyses of digital орто фотоснимака. Дигиталне images on computer were possible анализе помоћу компјутера су биле mainly in specialized research могуће углавном у специјализованим institutions; personal computers, and институцијама; лични компјутери и the variety of image analysis programs разноврсност програма за анализу that we now regard as common, did not снимака који су данас свакодневни, exist. Although Landsat data were нису постојали. Иако су Landsat initially used as prints or подаци примарно коришћени као transparencies, they were also provided отисци или дијапозитиви, били су in digital form [3]. At satellite Landsat 5, доступни и у дигиталној форми [3]. 01.03.1984 – 05.01.2013 [4], Код Landsat 5, 01.03.1984 – differences compared to the previous 05.01.2013 [4], разлике у односу на generation is a recording height, a претходну генерацију су висина larger number of multispectral sensors, снимања, већи броја looks, resolution of the images etc. The мултиспектралних сензора, изгледа, surface of the recording is 185km x резолуција снимака и сл. Површина 185km, and the resolution is 30m along снимања је 185x185 km, а резолуција x and 30m along y axis thanks to a new је 30m по x и 30m по y оси sensor called a Thematic mapper TM захваљујући новом сензору названом [5]. Data from this sensor are free and тематски мапер (TM) [5]. Подаци овог easily accessible with the help of USGS сензора су бесплатни и лако Global visual display GLOVIS [6]. The доступни уз помоћ USGS Глобалног GLOVIS screen allows the user to визуелног показивача GLOVIS [6]. move from one Landsat path or row to GLOVIS показивач дозвољава another, then to choose alternative корисницима кретање са једне на dates for selected path or row. The user другу путању или ред, затим бирање can set constraints on date, cloud алтернативних датума за изабрану cover, and scene quality to display only путању или ред. Корисници могу those scenes likely to be of interest to поставити ограничења на датум, | ЗБОРНИК РАДОВА ГРАЂЕВИНСКОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА 32 (2017) | 47 the analyst. облачност и квалитет сцена, тако да In October 2008, the USGS прикажу само сцене од интереса за implemented a policy to provide аналитичара. Landsat data to the public. For У октобру 2008, USGS је спровео electronic delivery through the Internet, полису да Landsat подаци постану there is no charge, although for data доступни јавности. За електронску delivered by other media, there may be доставу путем интернета, нема a cost for the medium and for shipping. наплате, док за податке који се GLOVIS users can identify and достављају путем других медија, download full-resolution imagery евентуално се плаћа медиј и through the GLOVIS interface [3]. испорука. GLOVIS корисници могу да Available data are geometrically correct индентификују или скину снимке and provide consistent spatial and високе резолуције преко GLOVIS temporal comparisons of vegetation приступа [3]. Доступни подаци су cover. геометријски исправни и обезбеђују The software that was used for data доследна просторна и временска processing is Idrisi Selva [7]. Software поређења вегетацијских покривача. Idrisi that is developed in the USA at Софтвер који је коришћен за обраду Clark University (Graduate School of података је Idrisi Selva [7]. Софтвер Geography at Clark University), was Idrisi развијен је у САД на Кларк first mentioned in 1987. Idrisi is Универзитету (Постдипломске designed for geosystem analysis and студије географије
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