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The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina Or the Unacceptable Lightness of “Historicism”
The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina Or the Unacceptable Lightness of “Historicism” Davor Marijan War Museum, Zagreb, Republic of Croatia Abstract The author in this study does not intend to provide a comprehensive account of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in part because the cur- rent level of research does not enable this. The only way to understand this conflict is through facts, not prejudices. However, such prejudices are particularly acute amongst Muslim-Bosniac authors. They base their claims on the notion that Serbs and Croats are the destroyers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and that both are equally culpable in its destruction. Relying on mainly unpublished and uncited documents from the three constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the author factually chal- lenges basic and generally accepted claims. The author offers alternative responses to certain claims and draws attention to the complexity of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which has been mainly viewed in terms of black or white. The author does, however, suggest that in considering the character of the war it is necessary to examine first the war in Croatia and the inter-relationship between the two. The main focus is on 1992 and the Muslim and Croat differences that developed into open conflict at the beginning of 1993. The role of the international community in the war and the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina are also discussed. At the end of the 20th century in Europe and the eclipse of Communism from the world political scene, it is not easy to trace the indelible marks left behind after the collapse of Yugoslavia and the wars that ensued. -
Climate As a Factor of Development of Recreational Tourism of North-Eastern Bosnia
Acta geographica Bosniae et Herzegovinae 11; 2019; (23-34) Original scientific paper __________________________________________________________________________________ CLIMATE AS A FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL TOURISM OF NORTH-EASTERN BOSNIA Fadila Kudumović Dostović, Semir Ahmetbegović i Željka Stjepić Srkalović University of Tuzla, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Geography Univerzitetska 4, 75000 Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Recreational activities and movements in most regions are characterized by pronounced seasonality, i.e., concentration on the summer and winter season. This primarily refers to the extremely mountainous and coastal regions that are recognizable mainly for ski tourism or bathing tourism. However, the regions without a recognizable "tourist identity" with an attractive natural base and many potentials, especially climate, such as Northeast Bosnia have the opportunity to develop different forms of recreational tourism (sports - recreational, excursion - recreational, health - recreational) in individual parts throughout the year. The favorability of climatic predispositions of Northeast Bosnia is highlighted by the results of analyzes which show that during the year there are neither adverse nor impossible climatic conditions for the development of different forms of recreational tourism. High quality active outdoor activities in the spring and autumn months are usually carried out through -
At the Margins of the Habsburg Civilizing Mission 25
i CEU Press Studies in the History of Medicine Volume XIII Series Editor:5 Marius Turda Published in the series: Svetla Baloutzova Demography and Nation Social Legislation and Population Policy in Bulgaria, 1918–1944 C Christian Promitzer · Sevasti Trubeta · Marius Turda, eds. Health, Hygiene and Eugenics in Southeastern Europe to 1945 C Francesco Cassata Building the New Man Eugenics, Racial Science and Genetics in Twentieth-Century Italy C Rachel E. Boaz In Search of “Aryan Blood” Serology in Interwar and National Socialist Germany C Richard Cleminson Catholicism, Race and Empire Eugenics in Portugal, 1900–1950 C Maria Zarimis Darwin’s Footprint Cultural Perspectives on Evolution in Greece (1880–1930s) C Tudor Georgescu The Eugenic Fortress The Transylvanian Saxon Experiment in Interwar Romania C Katherina Gardikas Landscapes of Disease Malaria in Modern Greece C Heike Karge · Friederike Kind-Kovács · Sara Bernasconi From the Midwife’s Bag to the Patient’s File Public Health in Eastern Europe C Gregory Sullivan Regenerating Japan Organicism, Modernism and National Destiny in Oka Asajirō’s Evolution and Human Life C Constantin Bărbulescu Physicians, Peasants, and Modern Medicine Imagining Rurality in Romania, 1860–1910 C Vassiliki Theodorou · Despina Karakatsani Strengthening Young Bodies, Building the Nation A Social History of Child Health and Welfare in Greece (1890–1940) C Making Muslim Women European Voluntary Associations, Gender and Islam in Post-Ottoman Bosnia and Yugoslavia (1878–1941) Fabio Giomi Central European University Press Budapest—New York iii © 2021 Fabio Giomi Published in 2021 by Central European University Press Nádor utca 9, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary Tel: +36-1-327-3138 or 327-3000 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ceupress.com An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched (KU). -
Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA v. YUGOSLAVIA) PKELIMINARY OBJECTIONS JUNE 1995 I TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS .............................. 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................... 3 FACTS ........................................... 7 1.1. Relevant facts from the past of Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................. 7 1.2. The creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the status of Muslims in that State . 11 1.3. Genocide committed against the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Second World War . 12 1.4. The stati~sof Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina in post-war socialist Yugoslavia ................ 20 1.5. The first cirisis in inter-ethnic relations in post-war socialist Yugoslavia ................ 23 1.6. The founding of parties in the Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1990 ............. 24 1.7. The first multiparty elections in Bosnia-Herzegovina . 36 1.8. Disagreement between the three leading parties over the future organization of Yugoslavia and Bosnia- Herzegovina in 1991 ...................... 38 1.9. The rebellion by members of the SDA and the HDZ in the republican government against the SFRY and pressures on the Serb people in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1 991 -1 992) ............................. 3": 1.10 . The emergence of new states in the territory of the former Yugoslav republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina . 72 1.1 1. The establishment of the Bosnian Serb Republic . 73 1.12. The establishment of the so-called Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina ....................... 77 1.13 . The establishment of Herzeg-Bosnia ........... 82 1.14 . The establishment of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia ...................... -
THE POSAVINA BORDER REGION of CROATIA and BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA: DEVELOPMENT up to 1918 (With Special Reference to Changes in Ethnic Composition)
THE POSAVINA BORDER REGION OF CROATIA AND BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA: DEVELOPMENT UP TO 1918 (with special reference to changes in ethnic composition) Ivan CRKVEN^I] Zagreb UDK: 94(497.5-3 Posavina)''15/19'':323.1 Izvorni znanstveni rad Primljeno: 9. 9. 2003. After dealing with the natural features and social importance of the Posavina region in the past, presented is the importance of this region as a unique Croatian ethnic territory during the Mid- dle Ages. With the appearance of the Ottomans and especially at the beginning of the 16th century, great ethnic changes oc- cured, primarily due to the expulsion of Croats and arrival of new ethnic groups, mostly Orthodox Vlachs and later Muslims and ethnic Serbs. With the withdrawal of the Ottomans from the Pannonian basin to the areas south of the Sava River and the Danube, the Sava becomes the dividing line creating in its border areas two socially and politically different environments: the Slavonian Military Frontier on the Slavonian side and the Otto- man military-frontier system of kapitanates on the Bosnian side. Both systems had a special influence on the change of ethnic composition in this region. With the withdrawal of the Ottomans further towards the southeast of Europe and the Austrian occu- pation of Bosnia and Herzegovina the Sava River remains the border along which, especially on the Bosnian side, further changes of ethnic structure occured. Ivan Crkven~i}, Ilo~ka 34, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The research subject in this work is the border region Posavi- na between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic Bosnia- 293 -Herzegovina. -
Jelena Mrgić-Radojčić Faculty of Philosophy Belgrade RETHINKING the TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT of the MEDIEVAL BOSNIAN STATE* In
ИСТОРИЈСКИ ЧАСОПИС, књ. LI (2004) стр. 43-64 HISTORICAL REVIEW, Vol. LI (2004) pр. 43-64 УДК : 94(497.15) ”04/14” : 929 Jelena Mrgić-Radojčić Faculty of Philosophy Belgrade RETHINKING THE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDIEVAL BOSNIAN STATE* In many ways, the medieval Bosnian state developed at the cross- roads – between West and East, the Hungarian Kingdom, a predomi- nantly Western European state, and the Serbian Kingdom, under the strong influence of the Byzantine Empire. One may, without any further elaboration, say that Bosnia formed the periphery of both the Byzantine Empire, and Western Europe (first the Frankish and then the Hungarian state). Bosnia was far away from the most important communication line of the Balkans: the valleys of the rivers Morava and Vardar, Via militaris and also those of the rivers Ibar and Sitnica. The axis of the Bosnian state was the valley of the river Bosna, but not of the Drina ill suited for 1 communication with it steep banks and many canyons. * The author wishes to thank Prof. J. Koder, University of Vienna, Prof. S. Ćirković, Prof. M. Blagojević, and Prof. S. Mišić of Belgrade University for their usuful com- ments and corrections of the following text. 1J. Ferluga, Vizantiska uprava u Dalmaciji, (Byzantine Administration in Dalmatia), Beograd 1957; J. Koder, Der Lebensraum der Byzantiner. Historisch-geographischer Abriß ihres Mittelalterlichen Staates im östlichen Mittelmeerraum, Byzantische Geschichtsschreiber 1, Graz-Wien-Köln 1984, 20012, 13-21, passim; S. Ćirković, Bosna i Vizantija (Bosnia and Byzantium), Osam Stotina godina povelje bana Kulina, Sarajevo 1989, 23-35. Even though Bosnia was situated on the »cross-roads«, it is unacceptable to depict it as being “more of a no-man's-land than a meeting ground between the two worlds“, as J.V.A. -
Analysis of Semberija Vegetation Index by Processing Satellite Images in Software Program Idrisi Анализа Вегетаци
ANALYSIS OF SEMBERIJA VEGETATION INDEX BY PROCESSING SATELLITE IMAGES IN SOFTWARE PROGRAM IDRISI АНАЛИЗА ВЕГЕТАЦИОНОГ ИНДЕКСА СЕМБЕРИЈЕ ОБРАДОМ САТЕЛИТСКОГ СНИМКА У СОФТВЕРСКОМ ПРОГРАМУ IDRISI Dijana Đurić 1 UDK: 528.425:581.5 Tea Požar 2 DOI: 10.14415/zbornikGFS32.003 CC-BY-SA 4.0 license Summary: Analysis of area of Резиме: Анализа простора Сембе- Semberija and its vegetation cover in рије и њеног вегетационог индекса у this work is done with the analysis of овом раду урађена је анализом Landsat satellite image and it’s Landsat сателитског снимка и ње- processing in software program Idrisi. говом обрадом у софтверу Idrisi. With one real colour composite and Једним правим колор композитом и three false colour composites of са три лажна колор композита раз- different spectral channels were личитих спектралних канала доби- obtained different combinations of јене су различите комбинације боја colours that represent state of this area. које представљају стање овог Also, through software Idrisi was простора. Такође, преко софтвера analysed Normalized Difference Idrisi је урађен вегетациони индекс Vegetation Index NDVI, that is used for NDVI, који се користи за анализу analysing of damaged and ill оштећене и болесне вегетације. vegetation. Results obtained with Добијени резултати сателитског analysis of satellite images give us an снимка нам дају увид у стање insight into state of vegetation cover of вегетационог покривача простора the area of Semberija, and also Семберије, a такође и могућности за possibilities for its improvement. побољшање. Keywords: satellite image, Idrisi, Кључне речи: сателитски снимaк, Semberija, vegetation Idrisi, Семберија, вегетација 1. INTRODUCTION 1. УВОД For this research work was chosen the За овај истраживачки рад изабран je area of Semberija that is placed on the простор Семберије, чији је положај confluence of river Drina into river на ушћу реке Дрине у Саву, на Sava, on the border triangle of Bosnia граничној тромеђи Босне и Херце- and Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia. -
Bosnia-Hercegovina "Ethnic Cleansing"
November 1994 Vol. 6, No. 16 BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA "ETHNIC CLEANSING" CONTINUES IN NORTHERN BOSNIA SUMMARY........................................................................................................................ 2 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 4 Bosanska Krajina ................................................................................................... 4 The Bijeljina Region .............................................................................................. 6 ABUSES ............................................................................................................................. 7 Murders and Beatings ............................................................................................ 7 Torture.................................................................................................................. 15 Rape16 Disappearances 17 Evictions ................................................................................................................ 19 Forced Labor........................................................................................................ 20 Terrorization and Harassment .............................................................................. 27 Extortion ............................................................................................................. -
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina Haris Kušmić interviewed Jovan Divjak Interview date: 7 August 2019 Kušmić: Allow me to formally introduce myself. I am Haris Kušmić, currently working with the WFD [Westminster Foundation for Democracy]. I am interviewing Mr Jovan Divjak, whose biography I cannot possibly fit into a few opening sentences. Let me instead say something I have said before in conversation with him: that he is someone who has built and defended and given everything he had to this country in periods of both war and peace. Mr Divjak, thank you very much for inviting me here and giving me an opportunity to interview you. Unlike other interviews, the questions here may relate more to your personality. We are certainly going to touch on things that you have gone through, that the general public is familiar with, but the goal of this interview is to try and see Jovan Divjak as Jovan Divjak: you as a person, things you have gone through in your life, from childhood on—which may well be appropriate, as you are working on your book. We hope you will succeed in publishing it. Divjak: And its title is “Do Not Shoot.” Kušmić: And its title is “Do Not Shoot.” Exactly. Well, we can begin with your early life, when you were a child. Could you perhaps tell me something about your childhood? Divjak: Well, my childhood is somewhat fresh in my memory as I often write and speak about it in interviews. I begin with the story of me bringing my parents joy on 11 March 1937. -
In the Course of the Main Trial, the Court, Having Heard the Parties, Adjourned the Hearing for a Period Longer Than 30 Days
SUD BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE СУД БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ Number: X-KR-05/40 Sarajevo, 3 November 2006 IN THE NAME OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, sitting in the Panel consisted of Judge Davorin Jukić as President of the Panel and Judges Almiro Rodrigues and Lars Folke Bjur Nystrom as members of the Panel, with the participation of Legal Assistant Elvira Begović as the Minutes-taker, in the criminal case against the accused Kovačević Nikola, for the criminal offense Crimes against Humanity in violation of Article 172 (1) h), in conjunction with items a), e), f) and k) of the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter: the CC BiH), with regard to the Indictment of the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina number KT-RZ-31/05 of 28 December 2005, after the main and public hearing was held in the presence of the accused Kovačević Nikola, the Prosecutor of the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Džemila Begović, and the defense counsels for the accused, Ranko Dakić and Jovo Đukanović, attorneys practicing in Prijedor, on 2 November 2006 rendered, and on 3 November 2006 publicly announced the following V E R D I C T THE ACCUSED: NIKOLA KOVAČEVIĆ (previously Daniluško Kajtez), son of Gojko and Milka Kajtez, nee Branković, born on 19 April 1968 in the village of Kruhari, Sanski Most Municipality, completed secondary school, locksmith-welder by vocation, maintaining permanent residence in …, Municipality of …, holds dual citizenship of, respectively, … and …, in custody as of 10 October 2005, IS FOUND GUILTY BECAUSE: Kraljice Jelene br. -
The International Community and the FRY/Belligerents, 1989-1997
5 Dušan Janjić, team leader Matjaž Klemenčič, team leader Vlado Azinović John Fine Emil Kerenji Albert Bing Zlatko Hadžidedić Vladimir Klemenčič Sumantra Bose Marko Attila Hoare Miloš Ković Daniele Conversi Charles Ingrao Vladimir Petrović Dušan Djordjevich Constantin Iordachi Nikola Samardžić Keith Doubt A. Ross Johnson Brendan Simms Principal author Matjaž Klemenčič acknowledges the extensive input by team members, including several pages of text contributed by Marko Attila Hoare, Charles Ingrao and Albert Bing. Funding from the National Endow- ment for Democracy and the Slovenian Research Council facilitated Prof. Klemenčič’s research, including numerous interviews with Slovenian gov- ernment officials and former U.S. Secretary of State James Baker. Profs. Klemenčič and Dušan Janjić assumed team leadership from John A. Fine (2001-2003) in order to streamline the team’s internet commu- nication. An initial draft was submitted for project-wide review in Novem- ber 2003, which mandated considerable expansion in the chapter’s length and research base. Although the text was adopted following project-wide review in April 2005, further revisions were undertaken in 2008 to address concerns raised by two of the four outside referees in 2010, to accommodate constructive criticism raised in book reviews, and again in 2012 to incorpo- rate new evidence of U.S. and NATO complicity in avoiding the arrest of ICTY indictees. The chapter cites several confidential interviews conducted by SI scholars with several current and former officials from the U.S. State De- partment and IFOR military; in each case their identities have been recorded and stored in the Purdue University archives for later release, upon request, consistent with terms negotiated with each individual. -
Décision Relative À La Requête De L'accusation Aux Fins De Dresser Le Constat Judiciaire De Faits Relatifs À L'affaire Krajisnik
IT-03-67-T p.48378 NATIONS o ~ ~ 31 g -.D ~s 3b 1 UNIES J ~ JUL-j ~D)D Tribunal international chargé de Affaire n° : IT-03-67-T poursuivre les personnes présumées responsables de violations graves du Date: 23 juillet 2010 droit international humanitaire commises sur le territoire de l'ex Original: FRANÇAIS Yougoslavie depuis 1991 LA CHAMBRE DE PREMIÈRE INSTANCE III Composée comme suit: M.le Juge Jean-Claude Antonetti, Président M.le Juge Frederik Harhoff Mme. le Juge Flavia Lattanzi Assisté de: M. John Hocking, greffier Décision rendue le: 23 juillet 2010 LE PROCUREUR cl VOJISLAV SESELJ DOCUMENT PUBLIC A VEC ANNEXE DÉCISION RELATIVE À LA REQUÊTE DE L'ACCUSATION AUX FINS DE DRESSER LE CONSTAT JUDICIAIRE DE FAITS RELATIFS À L'AFFAIRE KRAJISNIK Le Bureau du Procureur M. Mathias Marcussen L'Accusé Vojislav Seselj IT-03-67-T p.48377 1. INTRODUCTION 1. La Chambre de première instance III (<< Chamb re ») du Tribunal international chargé de poursuivre les personnes présumées responsables de violations graves du droit international humanitaire commises sur le territoire de l'ex-Yougoslavie depuis 1991 (<< Tribunal ») est saisie d'une requête aux fins de dresser le constat judiciaire de faits admis dans l'affaire Le Procureur cl Momcilo Krajisnik, en application de l'article 94(B) du Règlement de procédure et de preuve (<< Règl ement »), enregistrée par le Bureau du Procureur (<< Ac cusation ») le 29 avril 2010 (<< Requête») 1. H. RAPPEL DE LA PROCÉDURE 2. Le 29 avril 2010, l'Accusation déposait sa Requête par laquelle elle demandait que soit dressé le constat judiciaire de 194 faits tirés du jugement rendu dans l'affaire Krajisnik (<< Jugement ») 2.